Butajira: Difference between revisions

Butajira

ቡታጅራ
Butajira ቡታጅራ
Town
	Butajira Location within Ethiopia
	Coordinates: 8°7′15″N 38°22′45″E / 8.12083°N 38.37917°E
Country	Ethiopia
Region	Central Ethiopia Regional State
Zone	East Gurage
Elevation	2,131 m (6,991 ft)
Population (2007)
• Total	33,406
Time zone	UTC+3 (EAT)
Climate	Cwb

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Butajira (Amharic: ቡታጅራ) is a town and separate woreda in central Ethiopia. Located at the base of the Zebidar massif in the East Gurage Zone of the Central Ethiopia Regional State, Butajira has an elevation of 2131 meters above sea level. It is surrounded by Meskan woreda. It was part of former Meskanena Mareko woreda.^{[citation needed]}

Overview

Gurage man with a slingshot in Butajira.

Butajira was founded between 1926 when a missionary Pere Azaiz found nothing there, and 1935 when a German ethnographic expedition found a town laid out in straight lines and square shapes to serve as the administrative center of the Gurage people.^{[citation needed]} After Ras Desta Damtew was taken prisoner on 24 February 1937 in the small village of Eya he was brought to Butajira where, after a perfunctory trial, he was executed that evening. British patrols, acting as part of the East African Campaign, found that arbegnoch groups had dispersed the local Italian positions, leading to both the British and Ethiopian flags being raised over the town on 21 April 1941.^[1]

According to the Gurage Zone government, as of 2007 Butajira is one of 12 towns with electrical power, one of 11 with telephone service, and one of nine that have postal service in the Gurage Zone. drinkable water is provided by 4 boreholes.^[2] The town has a weekly market on Fridays. Notable landmarks in the town include a fountain on the south side of the town, which is fed from a sacred spring dedicated to saint Tekle Haymanot.^[1] The zone authorities mention another local landmark is the local mosque (constructed by the financial contributions of both Muslims and Christians), which was completed in 1979 (1972 EC), and has two large praying halls, each with room for 2500 individuals: the hall on the ground floor is for women while the hall on the second floor is for men.^[3]

Roughly 10 kilometers from Butajira is Butajira Crater Lake, which was created by phreatic eruptions.^[4]^[5]

Demographics

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the CSA, this town has a total population of 33,406, of whom 16,923 are men and 16,483 women. The majority of the inhabitants were reported as Muslim, with 51.27% of the population reporting that belief, while 39.58% practice Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 8.72% were Protestants.^[6] The 1994 national census reported this town had a total population of 20,509 of whom 9,827 were men and 10,682 were women. As of 2011, the total fertility rate was estimated to be 5.3 children per woman, and the total marital fertility rate was estimated to be 7.8 children per married woman.^[7]

Health

A 2021 study revealed high rates of under-immunization in young children, with just 22.4% of children aged 12 to 23 months being fully immunized.^[8]

As of 2010, Butajira has relatively low prevalence of malaria, with less than 1% overall prevalence. Prevalence varies among villages in the area and tends to be lower with higher altitudes.^[9]

Climate

Climate data for Butajira, elevation 2,100 m (6,900 ft), (1971–2000)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	25.0 (77.0)	25.1 (77.2)	24.9 (76.8)	25.1 (77.2)	24.7 (76.5)	24.0 (75.2)	22.3 (72.1)	22.0 (71.6)	23.2 (73.8)	24.0 (75.2)	23.9 (75.0)	24.2 (75.6)	24.0 (75.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	9.3 (48.7)	10.1 (50.2)	10.7 (51.3)	11.4 (52.5)	12.3 (54.1)	11.2 (52.2)	10.8 (51.4)	10.3 (50.5)	10.1 (50.2)	9.9 (49.8)	9.3 (48.7)	8.4 (47.1)	10.3 (50.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	30.0 (1.18)	52.0 (2.05)	128.0 (5.04)	93.0 (3.66)	120.0 (4.72)	134.0 (5.28)	194.0 (7.64)	163.0 (6.42)	127.0 (5.00)	6.0 (0.24)	4.0 (0.16)	11.0 (0.43)	1,062 (41.82)
Average relative humidity (%)	62	60	65	75	77	80	80	77	81	71	70	58	71
Source: FAO^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b "Local History in Ethiopia" Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine The Nordic Africa Institute website (last accessed 31 May 2008)
^ Gurage Zone Socio-Economic Profile Archived 2007-10-07 at the Wayback Machine Gurage Zone Government web page (accessed 4 September 2007)
^ "Tourisms" Archived 2010-11-29 at the Wayback Machine, Gurage Zone Government website (accessed 11 August 2009)
^ "Butajira-Silti Volcano, Ethiopia | John Seach". volcanolive.com. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
^ "Butajira, Ethiopia". volcano.oregonstate.edu. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
^ Census 2007 Tables: Southern Peoples, Nations and Nationalities Region Archived November 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Tables 2.1, and 3.4.
^ Mekonnen, Wubegzier; Worku, Alemayehu (2011-10-10). "Determinants of fertility in rural Ethiopia: the case of Butajira Demographic Surveillance System (DSS)". BMC Public Health. 11 (1): 782. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-782. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 3201928. PMID 21985493.
^ Ketsela, Admassu; Gebreyesus, Seifu Hagos; Deressa, Wakgari (2021-05-10). "Spatial distribution of under immunization among children 12-23 months old in Butajira HDSS, southern Ethiopia". BMC Pediatrics. 21 (1): 226. doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02690-4. ISSN 1471-2431. PMC 8108332. PMID 33971837.
^ Woyessa, Adugna; Deressa, Wakgari; Ali, Ahmed; Lindtjørn, Bernt (2012-03-23). "Prevalence of malaria infection in Butajira area, south-central Ethiopia". Malaria Journal. 11 (1): 84. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-84. ISSN 1475-2875. PMC 3383546. PMID 22443307.
^ "CLIMWAT climatic database". Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. Retrieved 23 June 2024.

[NAI-web-1] "Local History in Ethiopia" Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine The Nordic Africa Institute website (last accessed 31 May 2008)

[2] Gurage Zone Socio-Economic Profile Archived 2007-10-07 at the Wayback Machine Gurage Zone Government web page (accessed 4 September 2007)

[3] "Tourisms" Archived 2010-11-29 at the Wayback Machine, Gurage Zone Government website (accessed 11 August 2009)

[4] "Butajira-Silti Volcano, Ethiopia | John Seach". volcanolive.com. Retrieved 2022-07-21.

[5] "Butajira, Ethiopia". volcano.oregonstate.edu. Retrieved 2022-07-21.

[6] Census 2007 Tables: Southern Peoples, Nations and Nationalities Region Archived November 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Tables 2.1, and 3.4.

[7] Mekonnen, Wubegzier; Worku, Alemayehu (2011-10-10). "Determinants of fertility in rural Ethiopia: the case of Butajira Demographic Surveillance System (DSS)". BMC Public Health. 11 (1): 782. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-782. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 3201928. PMID 21985493.

[8] Ketsela, Admassu; Gebreyesus, Seifu Hagos; Deressa, Wakgari (2021-05-10). "Spatial distribution of under immunization among children 12-23 months old in Butajira HDSS, southern Ethiopia". BMC Pediatrics. 21 (1): 226. doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02690-4. ISSN 1471-2431. PMC 8108332. PMID 33971837.

[9] Woyessa, Adugna; Deressa, Wakgari; Ali, Ahmed; Lindtjørn, Bernt (2012-03-23). "Prevalence of malaria infection in Butajira area, south-central Ethiopia". Malaria Journal. 11 (1): 84. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-84. ISSN 1475-2875. PMC 3383546. PMID 22443307.

[FAO-10] "CLIMWAT climatic database". Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. Retrieved 23 June 2024.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Town in central Ethiopia}}
-<!-- Infobox begins here; main text of article is below -->
 {{Infobox settlement
 |official_name          = Butajira
 |other_name             =
-|native_name            =  <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
+|native_name            = ቡታጅራ
 |nickname               =
-|settlement_type        =
+|settlement_type        = Town
 |motto                  =
 |image_skyline          =
@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 |pushpin_map_caption    = Location within Ethiopia
 |pushpin_mapsize        =
+|subdivision_type       = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
-|coordinates_display    = inline,title
+|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Ethiopia}}
-|coordinates_region     = ET
+|subdivision_type1      = [[Regions of Ethiopia|Region]]
-|subdivision_type       = Country
-|subdivision_name       = [[Ethiopia]]
+|subdivision_name1      = {{flag|Central Ethiopia Regional State}}
+|subdivision_type2      = [[List of zones of Ethiopia|Zone]]
-|subdivision_type1      = Region
+|subdivision_name2      = [[East Gurage Zone|East Gurage]]
-|subdivision_name1      = [[Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region|Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples']]
-|subdivision_type2      = Zone
-|subdivision_name2      = [[Gurage Zone|Gurage]]
 |subdivision_type3      =
 |subdivision_name3      =
@@ Line 59: / Line 57: @@
 |established_date       =
 |established_title2     =  <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
+|established_date 1921
-|established_date2      =
+      =
 |established_title3     =  <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
 |established_date3      =
@@ Line 96: / Line 95: @@
 |timezone_DST           =
 |utc_offset_DST         =
+|coordinates            = {{coord|8|7|15|N|38|22|45|E|region:ET|display=inline,title}}
-|latd=8 |latm=7 |latNS=N
-|longd=38 |longm=22 |longEW=E
 |elevation_footnotes    =  <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
 |elevation_m            = 2131
@@ Line 105: / Line 103: @@
 |area_code              =
 |blank_name             = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
-|blank_info             = [[Oceanic climate#Subtropical highland variety (Cwb)|Cwb]]
+|blank_info             = [[Oceanic climate#Subtropical highland variety (Cfb, Cwb)|Cwb]]
 |blank1_name            =
 |blank1_info            =
@@ Line 111: / Line 109: @@
 |footnotes              =
 }} <!-- Infobox ends; main text of article begins on next line -->
-'''Butajira''' is a town and separate [[Districts of Ethiopia|woreda]] in south-central [[Ethiopia]]. Located at the base of the Zebidar massif in the [[Gurage Zone]] of the [[Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region]], this town has a latitude and longitude of {{coord|8|07|N|38|22|E}} and an elevation of 2131 meters above sea level. It is surrounded by [[Meskane]] woreda. It was part of former [[Meskanena Mareko]] woreda.
+'''Butajira''' ({{langx|am|ቡታጅራ}}) is a town and separate [[Districts of Ethiopia|woreda]] in central [[Ethiopia]]. Located at the base of the Zebidar massif in the [[East Gurage Zone]] of the [[Central Ethiopia Regional State]], Butajira has an elevation of 2131 meters above sea level. It is surrounded by [[Meskan]] woreda. It was part of former [[Meskanena Mareko]] woreda.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}
 == Overview ==
+[[File:Slingshot.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Gurage people|Gurage man]] with a slingshot in Butajira.]]
-According to the Gurage Zone government, Butajira is one of 12 towns with electrical power, one of 11 with telephone service and one of nine that have postal service. [[Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia|drinkable water]] is provided by 4 boreholes.<ref>[http://www.guragezone.gov.et/Development/Summary%20of%20socio%20economic%20profile%20english.pdf Gurage Zone Socio-Economic Profile] Gurage Zone Government web page (accessed 4 September 2007)</ref>  The town has a weekly market on Fridays. Notable landmarks in the town include a fountain on the south side of the town, which is fed from a sacred spring dedicated to saint [[Tekle Haymanot]].<ref name=NAI-web>[http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/B/ORTBUR.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia"] The Nordic Africa Institute website (last accessed 31 May 2008)</ref> The zone authorities mention another local landmark is the local mosque, which was completed in AD 1979 (1972 [[Ethiopian calendar|EC]]), and has two large praying halls, each with room for 2500 individuals: the hall on the ground floor is for women while the hall on the second floor is for men.<ref>[http://www.guragezone.gov.et/Tourisms/Tourisms.htm "Tourisms"], Gurage Zone Government website (accessed 11 August 2009)</ref>
+Butajira was founded between 1926 when a missionary Pere Azaiz found nothing there, and 1935 when a German ethnographic expedition found a town laid out in straight lines and square shapes to serve as the administrative center of the [[Gurage people]].{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} After ''[[Ras (title)|Ras]]'' [[Desta Damtew]] was taken prisoner on 24 February 1937 in the small village of Eya he was brought to Butajira where, after a perfunctory trial, he was executed that evening. British patrols, acting as part of the [[East African Campaign (World War II)|East African Campaign]], found that ''[[arbegnoch]]'' groups had dispersed the local Italian positions, leading to both the British and Ethiopian flags being raised over the town on 21 April 1941.<ref name="NAI-web">[http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/B/ORTBUR.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927023107/http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/B/ORTBUR.pdf|date=2007-09-27}} The Nordic Africa Institute website (last accessed 31 May 2008)</ref>
+According to the Gurage Zone government, as of 2007 Butajira is one of 12 towns with electrical power, one of 11 with telephone service, and one of nine that have postal service in the Gurage Zone. [[Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia|drinkable water]] is provided by 4 boreholes.<ref>[http://www.guragezone.gov.et/Development/Summary%20of%20socio%20economic%20profile%20english.pdf Gurage Zone Socio-Economic Profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007235127/http://www.guragezone.gov.et/Development/Summary%20of%20socio%20economic%20profile%20english.pdf|date=2007-10-07}} Gurage Zone Government web page (accessed 4 September 2007)</ref>  The town has a weekly market on Fridays. Notable landmarks in the town include a fountain on the south side of the town, which is fed from a sacred spring dedicated to saint [[Tekle Haymanot]].<ref name="NAI-web" /> The zone authorities mention another local landmark is the local mosque (constructed by the financial contributions of both Muslims and Christians), which was completed in 1979 (1972 [[Ethiopian calendar|EC]]), and has two large praying halls, each with room for 2500 individuals: the hall on the ground floor is for women while the hall on the second floor is for men.<ref>[http://www.guragezone.gov.et/Tourisms/Tourisms.htm "Tourisms"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129020411/http://www.guragezone.gov.et/Tourisms/Tourisms.htm|date=2010-11-29}}, Gurage Zone Government website (accessed 11 August 2009)</ref>
-Butajira was founded between 1926 when a missionary Pere Azaiz found nothing there, and 1935 when a German ethnographic expedition found a town laid out in straight lines and square shapes to serve as the administrative center of the [[Gurage people]]. After ''[[Ras (title)|Ras]]'' [[Desta Damtew]] was taken prisoner on 24 February 1937 in the small village of Eya he was brought to Butajira where, after a perfunctory trial, he was executed that evening. British patrols, acting as part of the [[East African Campaign (World War II)|East African Campaign]], found that ''[[arbegnoch]]'' groups had dispersed the local Italian positions, leading to both the British and Ethiopian flags being raised over the town on 21 April 1941.<ref name=NAI-web/>
+Roughly 10 kilometers from Butajira is Butajira Crater Lake, which was created by [[phreatic eruption]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Butajira-Silti Volcano, Ethiopia {{!}} John Seach |url=http://volcanolive.com/butajira.html |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=volcanolive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Butajira, Ethiopia |url=https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/sites/volcano.oregonstate.edu/files/oldroot/volcanoes/volc_images/africa/butajira.html |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=volcano.oregonstate.edu}}</ref>
 == Demographics ==
-Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the CSA, this town has a total population of 33,406, of whom 16,923 are men and 16,483 women. The majority of the inhabitants were reported as [[Islam in Ethiopia|Muslim]], with 51.27% of the population reporting that belief, while 39.58% practice [[Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity]], and 8.72% were [[P'ent'ay|Protestants]].<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=273&format=raw&Itemid=521 Census 2007 Tables: Southern Peoples, Nations and Nationalities Region] {{wayback|url=http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=273&format=raw&Itemid=521 |date=20121113220306 }}, Tables 2.1, and 3.4.</ref>
+Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the CSA, this town has a total population of 33,406, of whom 16,923 are men and 16,483 women. The majority of the inhabitants were reported as [[Islam in Ethiopia|Muslim]], with 51.27% of the population reporting that belief, while 39.58% practice [[Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity]], and 8.72% were [[P'ent'ay|Protestants]].<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=273&format=raw&Itemid=521 Census 2007 Tables: Southern Peoples, Nations and Nationalities Region] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113220306/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=273&format=raw&Itemid=521 |date=November 13, 2012 }}, Tables 2.1, and 3.4.</ref> The 1994 national census reported this town had a total population of 20,509 of whom 9,827 were men and 10,682 were women. As of 2011, the [[total fertility rate]] was estimated to be 5.3 children per woman, and the total marital fertility rate was estimated to be 7.8 children per married woman.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mekonnen |first1=Wubegzier |last2=Worku |first2=Alemayehu |date=2011-10-10 |title=Determinants of fertility in rural Ethiopia: the case of Butajira Demographic Surveillance System (DSS) |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=782 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-11-782 |issn=1471-2458 |pmc=3201928 |pmid=21985493 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
+== Health ==
+A 2021 study revealed high rates of under-immunization in young children, with just 22.4% of children aged 12 to 23 months being fully immunized.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ketsela |first1=Admassu |last2=Gebreyesus |first2=Seifu Hagos |last3=Deressa |first3=Wakgari |date=2021-05-10 |title=Spatial distribution of under immunization among children 12-23 months old in Butajira HDSS, southern Ethiopia |journal=BMC Pediatrics |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=226 |doi=10.1186/s12887-021-02690-4 |issn=1471-2431 |pmc=8108332 |pmid=33971837 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
+As of 2010, Butajira has relatively low prevalence of malaria, with less than 1% overall prevalence. Prevalence varies among villages in the area and tends to be lower with higher altitudes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Woyessa |first1=Adugna |last2=Deressa |first2=Wakgari |last3=Ali |first3=Ahmed |last4=Lindtjørn |first4=Bernt |date=2012-03-23 |title=Prevalence of malaria infection in Butajira area, south-central Ethiopia |journal=Malaria Journal |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=84 |doi=10.1186/1475-2875-11-84 |issn=1475-2875 |pmc=3383546 |pmid=22443307 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
+==Climate==
+{{Weather box|width=auto
-The 1994 national census reported this town had a total population of 20,509 of whom 9,827 were men and 10,682 were women.
+|metric first=y
+|single line=y
+|collapsed = Y
+|location =  Butajira, elevation {{convert|2100|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1971–2000)
+|Jan high C = 25.0
+|Feb high C = 25.1
+|Mar high C = 24.9
+|Apr high C = 25.1
+|May high C = 24.7
+|Jun high C = 24.0
+|Jul high C = 22.3
+|Aug high C = 22.0
+|Sep high C = 23.2
+|Oct high C = 24.0
+|Nov high C = 23.9
+|Dec high C = 24.2
+| year high C =
+|Jan low C = 9.3
+|Feb low C = 10.1
+|Mar low C = 10.7
+|Apr low C = 11.4
+|May low C = 12.3
+|Jun low C = 11.2
+|Jul low C = 10.8
+|Aug low C = 10.3
+|Sep low C = 10.1
+|Oct low C = 9.9
+|Nov low C = 9.3
+|Dec low C = 8.4
+| year low C =
+|precipitation colour = green
+|Jan precipitation mm = 30.0
+|Feb precipitation mm = 52.0
+|Mar precipitation mm = 128.0
+|Apr precipitation mm = 93.0
+|May precipitation mm = 120.0
+|Jun precipitation mm = 134.0
+|Jul precipitation mm = 194.0
+|Aug precipitation mm = 163.0
+|Sep precipitation mm = 127.0
+|Oct precipitation mm = 6.0
+|Nov precipitation mm = 4.0
+|Dec precipitation mm = 11.0
+|year precipitation mm =
+| Jan humidity = 62
+| Feb humidity = 60
+| Mar humidity = 65
+| Apr humidity = 75
+| May humidity = 77
+| Jun humidity = 80
+| Jul humidity = 80
+| Aug humidity = 77
+| Sep humidity = 81
+| Oct humidity = 71
+| Nov humidity = 70
+| Dec humidity = 58
+| year humidity =
+| source 1 = FAO<ref name=FAO>{{cite web
+| url = https://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/climwat-for-cropwat/en/
+| title = CLIMWAT climatic database
+| publisher= Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations
+| access-date = 23 June 2024}}</ref>
+}}
 == References ==
+{{portal|Africa}}
 {{reflist}}
-{{Woredas of the Gurage Zone}}
+{{Districts of the Central Ethiopia Regional State}}
+[[Category:Central Ethiopia Regional State]]
-[[Category:Populated places in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region]]
+[[Category:Cities and towns in Ethiopia]]