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{{Short description|American academic (1892–1993)}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
|name = Luther Gulick
|name = Luther Gulick
|image = Luther Gulick (social scientist).jpg
|image = Luther Gulick (social scientist).jpg
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|caption = In 1939 at Council of State Governments
|caption = In 1939 at Council of State Governments
|birth_name = Luther Halsey Gulick
|birth_name = Luther Halsey Gulick
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1892|1|17}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1892|1|17}}
|birth_place = [[Osaka]], [[Japan]]
|birth_place = [[Osaka]], Japan
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1993|1|10|1892|1|17}}
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1993|1|10|1892|1|17}}
|death_place = [[Walden, Vermont]]
|death_place = [[Walden, Vermont]], US
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|alma_mater = [[Oberlin College]] and [[Columbia University]]
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'''Luther Halsey Gulick''' (1892–1993) was an expert on [[public administration]].
'''Luther Halsey Gulick''' (1892–1993) was an American political scientist, Eaton Professor of Municipal Science and Administration at Columbia University, and Director of its Institute of Public Administration, known as an expert on [[public administration]].


==Life==
== Biography ==
Luther Halsey Gulick was born January 17, 1892 in [[Osaka]], [[Japan]].
Luther Halsey Gulick was born January 17, 1892, in [[Osaka]], [[Japan]]. His father was [[congregationalist]] missionary [[Sidney Gulick|Sidney Lewis Gulick]] (1860–1945), and his mother was Clara May (Fisher) Gulick. Gulick graduated from [[Oberlin College]] in 1914 and received his Ph.D. from [[Columbia University]] in 1920.
⚫
His father was [[congregationalist]] missionary [[Sidney Gulick|Sidney Lewis Gulick]] (1860–1945) and his mother was Clara May (Fisher) Gulick. He shared his name with his grandfather, missionary [[Luther Halsey Gulick Sr.]] (1828–1891), and uncle physician [[Luther Gulick (physician)|Luther Halsey Gulick Jr.]] (1865–1918). His great-grandfather was an even earlier missionary to the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]], [[Peter Johnson Gulick]] (1796–1877).


Luther Gulick graduated from [[Oberlin College]] in 1914 and received his Ph.D. from [[Columbia University]] in 1920. He taught at Columbia from 1931-1942. In 1921 he became president of the Institute of Public Administration and served until 1962. He then became its chairman and served until 1982. From 1936-1938 he served on a three member panel appointed by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to reorganize the executive branch of the federal government. From 1954 to 1956, he served as city administrator of New York City.<ref name="obit">{{cite news |url= http://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/11/nyregion/dr-luther-h-gulick-100-dies-adviser-to-roosevelt-and-mayors.html |title= Dr. Luther H. Gulick, 100, Dies; Adviser to Roosevelt and Mayors |author= Jacques Steinberg |newspaper= [[New York Times]] |date= January 11, 1993 |accessdate= May 9, 2010 }}</ref>
Gulick taught at Columbia from 1931–1942, where he was appointed Eaton Professor of Municipal Science and Administration. In 1921, he had become president of its Institute of Public Administration and served until 1962. He then became its chairman and served until 1982. From 1936–1938, he served on the three member Committee on Administrative Management (better known as the [[Brownlow Committee]]). In 1937, he appointed by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to reorganize the executive branch of the federal government.


From 1954 to 1956, he served as city administrator of New York City.<ref name="obit">{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/11/nyregion/dr-luther-h-gulick-100-dies-adviser-to-roosevelt-and-mayors.html |title= Dr. Luther H. Gulick, 100, Dies; Adviser to Roosevelt and Mayors |author= Jacques Steinberg |newspaper= [[New York Times]] |date= January 11, 1993 |accessdate= May 9, 2010 }}</ref>
Among many other accomplishments in the field of [[public administration]], Gulick is perhaps best known for the functions of the executive represented in the acronym PODSCORB (or [[POSDCORB]] depending on the source). Each letter stands for Planning, Organizing, Directing, Staffing, Coordinating, Reporting and Budgeting.<ref>{{cite book |author=Brian J. Cook |title=Bureaucracy and self-government: reconsidering the role of public administration in American politics |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bsfLcGRhwi0C&pg=PA109|year=1996 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-0-8018-5410-1 |page=109}}</ref>


⚫
He died on January 10, 1993, in [[Greensboro, Vermont]]. His first wife, Helen Swift, died in 1969. His second wife, Carol W. Moffett, died in 1989. He had two children, Luther Halsey Gulick Jr. and Clarence Gulick.<ref name="obit"/>
⚫
Gulick's advocacy (with [[Alvin Hansen]]) during World War II of Keynesian policies to promote full employment post-war helped to persuade [[John Maynard Keynes]] to help develop post-war plans for the international economy that included considerable emphasis on free trade.<ref>{{cite book |author= [[Donald Markwell]] |title= John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 2006 |isbn= 978-0-19-829236-4 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=YgYI1PtSFNAC }}</ref>


⚫
===Family tree===
⚫
In a time where the prevalent theme was the separation of politics and administration, Gulick advocated that it was impossible to separate the two.
⚫
Luther Gulick shared his name with his grandfather, missionary [[Luther Halsey Gulick Sr.]] (1828–1891), and uncle medical doctor [[Luther Gulick (physician)|Luther Halsey Gulick Jr.]] (1865–1918). His great-grandfather was an earlier missionary to the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]], [[Peter Johnson Gulick]] (1796–1877).


⚫
{{Gulick family tree}}
Gulick in his recent writings (publication made after his highly famous Papers on the Science of Administration edited along with Lyndall Urwick in 1937) has noted that much has happened to affect the field of public administration and his analysis of his nature since he edited the Papers on the Science of Administration fifty years ago. Based upon fifty years of his analysis, he notes that "after all, governments are constituted of human beings, are run by human beings and have as their main job helping, controlling and serving human beings." He considers human beings as the major and essential variables for understanding the nature of Public Administration today and guiding the field into the future. On this foundation, he identifies as to how human beings constitute the dynamic factors that are intrinsic in the study of administration.


== Work ==
Gulick emphasizes that the main function of the state should be human welfare, survival and improvement to meet the challenges of every changing environment and not war. But unfortunately, the structure of the modern state is specifically designed for war. As a result, the structure of the modern state is distinctly military. It is authoritative, with all authority, concentrated at the top, and all the work, but not the authority, assigned to subordinate echelons and field commanders. He emphasizes the need for a new approach to the fundamental organization of the state introducing greater decentralization in place of present centralized, hierarchical, military structure. He also suggests that the Public Administration should forget the non-existing economic man, deal realistically with the non-existing free market and include human welfare and compassion in its embrace.
=== POSDCORB ===
Among many other accomplishments in the field of [[public administration]], Gulick is perhaps best known for the functions of the chief executive represented in the acronym [[POSDCORB]]. Each letter stands for Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Co-ordinating, Reporting and Budgeting.<ref>{{cite book |author=Luther H. Gulick |title=''Notes on the Theory of Organization in ''Papers on the Science of Administration. Eds. Luther H. Gulick and Lyndall F. Urwick |year=1937 |publisher=New York: Harcourt }}</ref> Although not originating from Gulick, at least one other sequence has been uncovered, yet containing the same elements.<ref>{{cite book |author=Brian J. Cook |title=Bureaucracy and self-government: reconsidering the role of public administration in American politics |url=https://archive.org/details/bureaucracyselfg0000cook|url-access=registration |year=1996 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-0-8018-5410-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bureaucracyselfg0000cook/page/109 109]}}</ref> Since these are among Gulick's organizational patterns, they are interrelated. According to Gulick, POSDCORB reflected the way in which his organizations approached projects. Early on, these included The Institute of Public Administration and New York's Bureau of Municipal Research.<ref>{{cite book |author=Lyle C. Fitch |title=Making Democracy Work: The Life and Letters of Luther Halsey Gulick, 1892–1993 |year=1996 |publisher=Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies Press |page=107}}</ref>


=== Keynesian policies ===
He also talks that time is the crucial factor in every event and that all public policy innovations are rooted in timing and in democracy timing is the hallmark of the statecraft. But he laments that time has been a neglected factor in Public Administration. Time as an input, as an output, time as the flow of events, time as a gap between two or more significant events or processes and finally, timing as a management policy, are the different aspects of time identified by him. It means that the principles of management of administration should be eternally tied to the culture in which they arise, and that the culture must evolve appropriately well before major changes in human organization can be achieved. Timing is essential for any organization as it is not a machine but an organism.
⚫
Gulick's advocacy, with [[Alvin Hansen]]), during World War II of Keynesian policies to promote full employment post-war helped to persuade [[John Maynard Keynes]] to help develop post-war plans for the international economy that included a considerable emphasis on free trade.<ref>{{cite book |author= Donald Markwell |author-link= Donald Markwell |title= John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 2006 |isbn= 978-0-19-829236-4 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=YgYI1PtSFNAC }}</ref>


⚫
In a time where the prevalent theme was the separation of politics and administration, Gulick advocated that it was impossible to separate the two {{citation needed|reason=Editorializing Gulick's own stance without any citation added|date=October 2024}}
⚫
He died January 10, 1993 in [[Greensboro, Vermont]]. His first wife Helen Swift died in 1969. His second wife, Carol W. Moffett, died in 1989. He had two children, Luther Halsey Gulick Jr. and Clarence Gulick.<ref name="obit"/>


== Selected publications ==
⚫
===Family tree===
⚫
* Gulick, Luther Halsey. ''Evolution of the Budget in Massachusetts.'' Vol. 2. Macmillan, 1920.
⚫
{{Gulick family tree}}
* Gulick, Luther, and [[Lyndall Urwick]], eds. ''[https://archive.org/stream/papersonscienceo00guli#page/n5/mode/2up Papers on the Science of Administration].'' New York: Institute of Public Administration, 1937.
⚫
* Gulick, Luther Halsey. ''Administrative Reflections from World War II.'' University of Alabama Press, 1948.
* Gulick, Luther Halsey. ''American forest policy.'' Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1951.
⚫
* Gulick, Luther Halsey. ''The Metropolitan Problems and American Ideas.'' Knopf, 1966.


Articles, a selection:
== Bibliography ==
* Gulick, Luther. 1937. "[https://archive.org/stream/papersonscienceo00guli#page/n11/mode/2up Notes on the Theory of Organization]." In Gulick, Luther; Urwick, Lyndall. ''Papers on the Science of Administration.'' New York: Institute of Public Administration. pp.&nbsp;3–45.
⚫
*''Evolution of the Budget in Massachusetts'' (1920)
* Gulick, Luther. 1937. "[https://archive.org/stream/papersonscienceo00guli#page/n203/mode/2up Science, values and public administration]." In Gulick, Luther; Urwick, Lyndall. ''Papers on the Science of Administration.'' New York: Institute of Public Administration. pp.&nbsp;189–195.
⚫
*''Administrative Reflections from World War II'' (1948)
*''American Forest Policy'' (1951)
⚫
*''The Metropolitan Problem and American Ideas'' (1962).


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Wikiquote}}
"Notes on the Theory of Organization" Gulick, L. (1937)


{{American Political Science Association presidents|state=uncollapsed}}
==External links==
⚫
{{Authority control}}
* {{Find a Grave|49387496|Luther Halsey Gulick}}


⚫
{{Authority control|VIAF=50038336}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Gulick, Luther
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 17, 1892
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Osaka]], [[Japan]]
| DATE OF DEATH = January 10, 1993
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Walden, Vermont]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gulick, Luther}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gulick, Luther}}
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:American centenarians]]
[[Category:American men centenarians]]
[[Category:Oberlin College alumni]]
[[Category:Oberlin College alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia University faculty]]
[[Category:Columbia University faculty]]
⚫
[[Category:American political scientists]]
[[Category:Public administration scholars]]
[[Category:Public administration scholars]]
[[Category:Political scientists]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Japan]]
⚫
[[Category:20th-century American political scientists]]

[[Category:People from Walden, Vermont]]
[[eu:Luther Gulick (kudeaketa aditua)]]
[[fr:Luther Gulick]]
[[ko:루터 귤릭 (사회과학)]]
[[ja:ルーサー・ギューリック]]
[[sv:Luther Gulick]]

Latest revision as of 21:01, 10 November 2024

Luther Gulick
In 1939 at Council of State Governments
Born
Luther Halsey Gulick

(1892-01-17)January 17, 1892
Osaka, Japan
DiedJanuary 10, 1993(1993-01-10) (aged 100)
Walden, Vermont, US
Alma materOberlin College and Columbia University

Luther Halsey Gulick (1892–1993) was an American political scientist, Eaton Professor of Municipal Science and Administration at Columbia University, and Director of its Institute of Public Administration, known as an expert on public administration.

Biography

[edit]

Luther Halsey Gulick was born January 17, 1892, in Osaka, Japan. His father was congregationalist missionary Sidney Lewis Gulick (1860–1945), and his mother was Clara May (Fisher) Gulick. Gulick graduated from Oberlin College in 1914 and received his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1920.

Gulick taught at Columbia from 1931–1942, where he was appointed Eaton Professor of Municipal Science and Administration. In 1921, he had become president of its Institute of Public Administration and served until 1962. He then became its chairman and served until 1982. From 1936–1938, he served on the three member Committee on Administrative Management (better known as the Brownlow Committee). In 1937, he appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to reorganize the executive branch of the federal government.

From 1954 to 1956, he served as city administrator of New York City.[1]

He died on January 10, 1993, in Greensboro, Vermont. His first wife, Helen Swift, died in 1969. His second wife, Carol W. Moffett, died in 1989. He had two children, Luther Halsey Gulick Jr. and Clarence Gulick.[1]

Family tree

[edit]

Luther Gulick shared his name with his grandfather, missionary Luther Halsey Gulick Sr. (1828–1891), and uncle medical doctor Luther Halsey Gulick Jr. (1865–1918). His great-grandfather was an earlier missionary to the Kingdom of Hawaii, Peter Johnson Gulick (1796–1877).


Work

[edit]

POSDCORB

[edit]

Among many other accomplishments in the field of public administration, Gulick is perhaps best known for the functions of the chief executive represented in the acronym POSDCORB. Each letter stands for Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Co-ordinating, Reporting and Budgeting.[5] Although not originating from Gulick, at least one other sequence has been uncovered, yet containing the same elements.[6] Since these are among Gulick's organizational patterns, they are interrelated. According to Gulick, POSDCORB reflected the way in which his organizations approached projects. Early on, these included The Institute of Public Administration and New York's Bureau of Municipal Research.[7]

Keynesian policies

[edit]

Gulick's advocacy, with Alvin Hansen), during World War II of Keynesian policies to promote full employment post-war helped to persuade John Maynard Keynes to help develop post-war plans for the international economy that included a considerable emphasis on free trade.[8]

In a time where the prevalent theme was the separation of politics and administration, Gulick advocated that it was impossible to separate the two [citation needed]

Selected publications

[edit]
  • Gulick, Luther Halsey. Evolution of the Budget in Massachusetts. Vol. 2. Macmillan, 1920.
  • Gulick, Luther, and Lyndall Urwick, eds. Papers on the Science of Administration. New York: Institute of Public Administration, 1937.
  • Gulick, Luther Halsey. Administrative Reflections from World War II. University of Alabama Press, 1948.
  • Gulick, Luther Halsey. American forest policy. Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1951.
  • Gulick, Luther Halsey. The Metropolitan Problems and American Ideas. Knopf, 1966.

Articles, a selection:

  • Gulick, Luther. 1937. "Notes on the Theory of Organization." In Gulick, Luther; Urwick, Lyndall. Papers on the Science of Administration. New York: Institute of Public Administration. pp. 3–45.
  • Gulick, Luther. 1937. "Science, values and public administration." In Gulick, Luther; Urwick, Lyndall. Papers on the Science of Administration. New York: Institute of Public Administration. pp. 189–195.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Jacques Steinberg (January 11, 1993). "Dr. Luther H. Gulick, 100, Dies; Adviser to Roosevelt and Mayors". New York Times. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
  2. ^ Putney, Clifford (2010). Missionaries in Hawai'i: The Lives of Peter and Fanny Gulick, 17971883. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-1-55849-735-1.
  3. ^ Jewett, Frances Gulick (1895). Luther Halsey Gulick: Missionary in Hawaii, Micronesia, Japan, and China. Congregational Sunday-School and Publishing Society.
  4. ^ "Sidney Gulick Densho Encyclopedia". encyclopedia.densho.org. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  5. ^ Luther H. Gulick (1937). Notes on the Theory of Organization in Papers on the Science of Administration. Eds. Luther H. Gulick and Lyndall F. Urwick. New York: Harcourt.
  6. ^ Brian J. Cook (1996). Bureaucracy and self-government: reconsidering the role of public administration in American politics. JHU Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-8018-5410-1.
  7. ^ Lyle C. Fitch (1996). Making Democracy Work: The Life and Letters of Luther Halsey Gulick, 1892–1993. Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies Press. p. 107.
  8. ^ Donald Markwell (2006). John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-829236-4.
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