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{{Short description|Goryeo military official (1330–1393)}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Jo (Korean name)|Jo]]||lang=Korean}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Cho (Korean name)|Cho]]||lang=Korean}}
'''Jo In-Byeok''' (Hangul: 조인벽, Hanja: 趙仁壁) was called as a god of war in the [[Goryeo|Late Goryeo dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0052521|title=조인벽(趙仁璧)|website=encykorea.aks.ac.kr}}</ref> He was came from Hanyang Jo clan (한양 조씨, 漢陽 趙氏) and the oldest son of Jo-Don (조돈).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.naver?blogId=seadjk&logNo=221285037535&proxyReferer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F|title=용원부원군 조인벽의 위패를 모시다- 양양 동명서원|website=m.blog.naver.com}}</ref> He was also the husband of [[Princess Jeonghwa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.naver?blogId=madangca&logNo=30157147876&proxyReferer=http:%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F|title=(관직) 용원부원군 조인벽 [양렬공], 정경부인 하동정씨, 정화공주 전주이씨|website=m.blog.naver.com}}</ref>
{{Infobox Korean name
{{Infobox Korean name
| hangul ={{linktext|조|인|벽}}
| hangul =조인벽
| hanja ={{linktext|趙|仁|壁}}
| hanja =趙仁壁
| rr =Jo In-byeok
| rr =Jo Inbyeok
| mr =Cho Yin-byŏk
| mr =Cho Inbyŏk
|hangulph=양렬
|hangulja={{linktext|양|렬}}
|hanjaja={{linktext|襄|烈}}
|hanjaph=襄烈
|rrph=Yangnyeol
|rrja=Yang Nyeol
|mrph=Yangnyŏl
|mrja=Yang Nyŏl
| othername1=Honorary Title<br />(given by [[Taejo of Joseon|King Taejo]] in {{circa}}1392/3)
| hangul1=용원부원군
| hanja1={{linktext|龍|源|府|院|君}}
| rr1=Yongwon-buwongun
| mr1=Yongwŏn-buwŏn'gun
}}
}}
'''Cho In-byŏk''' (1330{{ndash}}1393), was a military official in the [[Goryeo|Late Goryeo dynasty]] who came from the Hanyang Cho clan. He was the husband of [[Princess Jeonghwa (Hwanjo)|Princess Jeonghwa]], who was the sister of the founder of the [[Joseon|Joseon dynasty]], [[Taejo of Joseon|Yi Sŏng-gye]], who granted him the title '''Internal Prince Yongwon''' when the dynasty was established.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kca_11304026_004|script-title=ko:태종실록 25권, 태종 13년 4월 26일 갑술 4번째기사 1413년 명 영락(永樂) 11년<br>집의 김효손 등이 환왕 비문을 고치도록 건의하다|website=[[Joseon Wangjo Sillok]]|access-date=December 7, 2021|language=ko}}</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life and family background===
Cho In-byŏk was born into the Hanyang Cho clan in 1330 as a son of Cho Ton ({{Korean|hangul=조돈|labels=no}}) and his wife, Lady Yi ({{Korean|hangul=부인 이씨|labels=no}}), who was the daughter of Yi Hong-bok ({{Korean|hangul=이홍복|labels=no}}) from the Ganseong Yi clan. He had three younger brothers: Cho In-gyŏng ({{Korean|hangul=조인경|labels=no}}), Cho In-gyu ({{Korean|hangul=조인규|labels=no}}), and Cho In-ok ({{Korean|hangul=조인옥|labels=no}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hanyangjo.kr/book/01_read.php?stype=1&data=aWR4PTc0JnBhZ2VjbnQ9MCZsZXR0ZXJfbm89Njcmb2Zmc2V0PTAmc2VhcmNoPSZzZWFyY2hzdHJpbmc9JnByZXNlbnRfbnVtPTYx%7C%7C|script-title=ko:양렬공 조인벽|website=The Cho clan of Hanyang Official Homepage|access-date=January 6, 2022|language=ko}}</ref>

His ancestors traced back [[Goryeo]] period as a local family from Yongjin-hyeon ({{Korean|hangul=용진현|hanja=龍津縣|labels=no}}). His great-grandfather, [[Cho Hwi]] ({{Korean|hangul=조휘|labels=no}}), conspired with T'ak Ch'ŏng ({{Korean|hangul=탁청|hanja=卓靑|labels=no}}) and revolted in [[Ssangseong Prefecture|Ssangseong]] ({{Korean|hangul=쌍성|hanja=雙城|labels=no}}) in 1258 during [[Gojong of Goryeo|King Gojong]]'s reign.<ref>{{cite book|last=Duk-il|first=Lee|date=2019|script-title=ko:이덕일의 한국통사: 다시 찾는 7,000년 우리 역사|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lCrGDwAAQBAJ&dq=%EC%A1%B0%ED%9C%98+%ED%83%81%EC%B2%AD&pg=PT604|language=ko|publisher=Dasan Books|isbn=9791130627670}}</ref> After they reached the north of Hwaju ({{Korean|hangul=화주|hanja=和州|labels=no}}) and surrendered to the [[Yuan dynasty]], the position of Ssangseong General Government Office ({{Korean|hangul=쌍성총관부|labels=no}}) was established, to which the Ch'oe family were hereditarily appointed governors from generation to generation.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ki-hwan|first=Sung|date=2008|script-title=ko:생각하는 한국사 2: 고려시대부터 조선·일제강점까지|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQ3-AwAAQBAJ&dq=%EC%A1%B0%ED%9C%98+%EC%8C%8D%EC%84%B1%EC%B4%9D%EA%B4%80%EB%B6%80&pg=PT99|language=ko|publisher=Willow Media|isbn=9788986982923}}</ref>

===Military career===
In 1361 (10th year of King Gongmin's reign), Cho (along with [[Pyŏn An-nyŏl]] ({{Korean|hangul=변안열|labels=no}}) and others) contributed when the [[Red Turban Rebellions|Red Turbans]] invaded Goryeo.<ref>『[[Goryeosa]]』 Vol. 113 Biographies 26 ''Jesin Anu''</ref> In 1363, he also contributed to subjugate [[Kim Yong's Rebellion]] ({{Korean|hangul=김용의 난|labels=no}}).

In 1372, Hobaldo ({{Korean|hangul=호발도|hanja=胡拔都|labels=no}}), Janghaema ({{Korean|hangul=장해마|hanja=張海馬|labels=no}}), and others came to attacked Yiseong ({{Korean|hangul=이성|hanja=泥城|labels=no}}) and [[Kanggye|Ganggye]] ({{Korean|hangul=강계|hanja=江界|labels=no}}), Cho went out as a judge and subjugated the enemy in Gaju ({{Korean|hangul=가주|hanja=家州|labels=no}}).<ref>『[[Goryeosa]]』 Vol. 43 21st Years of King Gongmin (1372) 2nd month 26th day; 『[[Goryeosa]]jeolyo』 Vol. 29 21st Years of King Gongmin (1372)</ref> Then, when the [[Japan]]ese plundered [[Hamhung|Hamju]] ({{Korean|hangul=함주|hanja=咸州|labels=no}}) and [[Pukchong County|Bukcheongju]] ({{Korean|hangul=북청주|hanja=北靑州|labels=no}}), he marched out and ambushed the soldiers, defeating the Japanese and beheaded at least 70 people. From this achievement, he was worshiped as a {{Transliteration|ko|bongikdaebu}} ({{Korean|hangul=봉익대부|hanja=奉翊大夫|labels=no}}).<ref>『[[Goryeosa]]』 Vol. 43 21st Years of King Gongmin (1372) 6th month 27th day; 『[[Goryeosa]]jeolyo』 Vol. 29 21st Years of King Gongmin (1372)</ref>

===Reign of King Chang===
After King U was expelled to [[Ganghwa Island]], his son, [[Chang of Goryeo|King Chang]], ascended the throne. Around 1388, it was believed that U's birthday was in Dodang ({{Korean|hangul=도당|hanja=都堂|labels=no}}), so Cho was sent alongside [[Ku Sŏng-no]] ({{Korean|hangul=구성로|labels=no}}) to Ganghwa in order to present clothes for him.<ref name="Changwang">『[[Goryeosa]]』 Vol. 137 Biographies 50: Year Ascension of King Chang</ref>

When U was in Ganghwa, he was immediately moved to Yeoheung-gun ({{Korean|hangul=여흥군|hanja=驪興郡|labels=no}}) led by Cho, [[Chi Yong-gi]] ({{Korean|hangul=지용기|labels=no}}), [[U Hong-su]] ({{Korean|hangul=우홍수|labels=no}}), and [[Yu Chun]] ({{Korean|hangul=유준|labels=no}}).<ref name="Changwang" />{{Incomprehensible inline|date=May 2023|reason=}} Not long after that, Chang was dethroned and killed alongside his father due to the claims that he was not a true descendant of the [[House of Wang]], but a descendant of [[Sin Ton]].

===Reign of King Gongyang===
In 1389 (1st year reign of [[Gongyang of Goryeo|King Gongyang]]), Cho was promoted into the position of {{Transliteration|ko|panuideokbusa}} ({{Korean|hangul=판의덕부사|hanja=判懿德府事|labels=no}}) in Gyeongjin.<ref>『[[Goryeosa]]』 Vol. 45 First Year of King Gongyang (1389) 11th months 16th days ''Gyeongjin''</ref> However, when he was rewarded {{Transliteration|ko|nok-hun}} ({{Korean|hangul=녹훈|labels=no}}) for his service to the country, he was believed to already be deceased.<ref>『[[Goryeosa]]』 Vol. 45 Second Year of King Gongyang''</ref>

===Later life===
After the new [[Joseon dynasty]] was established, Pyŏn An-nyŏl, [[Wang An-dŏk]] ({{Korean|hangul=왕안덕|labels=no}}), [[Chi Yong-gi]], [[Grand Prince Wanpung|Yi Wŏn-gye]] ({{Korean|hangul=이원계|labels=no}}), [[Chŏng Chi]] ({{Korean|hangul=정지|labels=no}}), and [[Ch'oe Kong-ch'ŏl]] ({{Korean|hangul=최공철|labels=no}}) all became the second rank merit subjects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kaa_10207022_003|script-title=ko:태조실록 4권, 태조 2년 7월 22일 을축 3번째기사 1393년 명 홍무(洪武) 26년<br />회군 공신을 책록토록 교지를 내리다|website=[[Joseon Wangjo Sillok]]|access-date=December 7, 2021|language=ko}}</ref>


==Family==
==Family==
*Father: Jo-Don, Prince Yongseong (1308 - 1380) (조돈 용성군)
*Father: Cho Ton (조돈, 趙暾; 1307–1380)
**Grandfather: Jo Yang-Gi (1269 - ?) (조양기) – son of Jo-Hwi (조휘)
**Grandfather: Cho Yang-gi (조양기, 趙良琪; b. 1260); son of Cho Hwi ({{Korean|hangul=조휘|hanja=趙暉|labels=no}}).
*Mother: Princess Consort, of the Ganseong Yi clan (1309 - 1379) (군부인 간성 이씨)
*Mother: Lady, of the Ganseong Yi clan (부인 간성이씨, 1309–1379)
**Grandfather: Yi Hong-Bok (이홍복)
**Grandfather: Yi Hong-bok ({{Korean|hangul=이홍복|hanja=李洪福|labels=no}})
*Younger brothers:
Sibling(s):
**Cho In-gyŏng (조인경, 趙仁瓊; d. 1422)
#Little brother: Jo In-Gyeon (? - 1422) (조인경)
**Cho In-gyu ({{Korean|hangul=조인규|hanja=趙仁珪|labels=no}})
#Little brother: Jo In-Gyu (조인규)
**Cho In-ok (조인옥, 趙仁沃; 1347–1396)
#Little brother: Jo In-Ok, Duke Chungjeong, Prince Hansan (1347 - 1396) (조인옥 충정공 한산군)
*Wives and children:
Consort and their respective issue(s):
#Lady, of the Hadong Jeong clan (부인 하동 정씨)
**Lady Chŏng, of the Hadong Chŏng clan ({{Korean|hangul=부인 하동정씨|labels=no}})
***1st son: Cho On, Internal Prince Hancheon (조온 한천부원군, 趙溫 漢川府院君; 1347–1417)
##Jo-On, Duke Yangjeol, Internal Prince Hancheon (1347 - 1417) (조온 양절공 한천부원군)<ref>Later become the adoptive son of [[Princess Jeonghwa (Hwanjo)|Princess Jeonghwa]] (정화공주), his father's second wife.</ref><ref>He firstly married Grand Lady Byeonhanguk of the Jang clan (변한국대부인 장씨) and after her death, he remarried again with Grand Lady Byeonhanguk of the Bak clan (변한국대부인 박씨)</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kca_11705119_001|title=조선왕조실록|website=sillok.history.go.kr}}</ref>
**[[Princess Jeonghwa (Hwanjo)|Lady]], of the [[Jeonju Yi clan]] ({{Korean|hangul=부인 전주이씨|labels=no}})
#[[Princess Jeonghwa|Princess Jeonghwa of the Jeonju Yi clan]]<ref>She was the only daughter of [[Yi Jachun|Hwanjo of Joseon]] and [[Queen Uihye|Queen Uihye of the Yeongheung Choi clan]]; she was also the older sister of [[Taejo of Joseon]], the founder of [[Joseon|Joseon Dynasty]] and the paternal aunt of [[Jeongjong of Joseon]] and [[Taejong of Joseon]].</ref>
##Jo-Yeon, Duke Yanggyeong, Internal Prince Hanpyeong (1374 - 1429) (조연 양경공 한평부원군)<ref>Later married with Grand Lady Byeonhanguk of the Gim clan (1374 - 1455) (변한국대부인 김씨).</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kda_11110011_003|title=조선왕조실록|website=sillok.history.go.kr}}</ref>
***2nd son: Cho Yŏn, Internal Prince Hanpyeong (조연 한평부원군, 趙涓 漢平府院君; 1374–1429)<ref>[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kda_11110011_003 Married Grand Lady Kim of Byeonhan State (변한국대부인 김씨, 1374–1455)]</ref>
##Jo-Hu, Duke Anjeong (? - 1444) (조후 안정공)
***3rd son: Cho Hu (조후, 趙候; 1377–1444)
##Jo-Sa (조사)
***4th son: Cho Sa (조사, 趙師; d. 1432)
***5th son: Cho Pu ({{Korean|hangul=조부|hanja=趙傅|labels=no}})
##Jo-Jeon (조전)
***1st daughter: Lady Cho ({{Korean|hangul=부인 조씨|labels=no}}) – married Hwang Kil-wŏn ({{Korean|hangul=황길원|hanja=黃吉源|labels=no}}).
##Jo-Bo (조보)
***2nd daughter: Lady Cho ({{Korean|hangul=부인 조씨|labels=no}}) – married Im Maeng-yang (임맹양, 林孟陽; d. 1388), nephew of Im Kyŏn-mi (임견미, 林堅味; d. 1388).
##Jo-Baek (조백)
##Lady Jo (조씨)<ref>Later married with Hwang Gil-Won (황길원).</ref>
##Lady Jo (조씨)<ref>Later married with Im Maeng-Yang (임맹양); the nephew of Km Gyeon-Mi (임견미).</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
⚫
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jo, Inbyeok}}
*[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0052521 Cho In-byŏk] on the [[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] {{in lang|ko}}.
⚫
[[Category:Goryeo people]]
*[https://m.terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=1142037&cid=40942&categoryId=34332 Cho In-byŏk] on ''[[Doosan Encyclopedia]]'' {{in lang|ko}}.

⚫
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cho, In-byŏk}}
⚫
[[Category:14th-century Korean people]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]

Latest revision as of 21:09, 10 November 2024

In this Korean name, the family name is Cho.
Cho In-byŏk
Hangul
조인벽
Hanja
趙仁壁
Revised RomanizationJo Inbyeok
McCune–ReischauerCho Inbyŏk
Posthumous name
Hangul
양렬
Hanja
襄烈
Revised RomanizationYangnyeol
McCune–ReischauerYangnyŏl
Honorary Title
(given by King Taejo in c.1392/3)
Hangul
용원부원군
Hanja
Revised RomanizationYongwon-buwongun
McCune–ReischauerYongwŏn-buwŏn'gun

Cho In-byŏk (1330–1393), was a military official in the Late Goryeo dynasty who came from the Hanyang Cho clan. He was the husband of Princess Jeonghwa, who was the sister of the founder of the Joseon dynasty, Yi Sŏng-gye, who granted him the title Internal Prince Yongwon when the dynasty was established.[1]

Biography

[edit]

Early life and family background

[edit]

Cho In-byŏk was born into the Hanyang Cho clan in 1330 as a son of Cho Ton (조돈) and his wife, Lady Yi (부인 이씨), who was the daughter of Yi Hong-bok (이홍복) from the Ganseong Yi clan. He had three younger brothers: Cho In-gyŏng (조인경), Cho In-gyu (조인규), and Cho In-ok (조인옥).[2]

His ancestors traced back Goryeo period as a local family from Yongjin-hyeon (용진현; 龍津縣). His great-grandfather, Cho Hwi (조휘), conspired with T'ak Ch'ŏng (탁청; 卓靑) and revolted in Ssangseong (쌍성; 雙城) in 1258 during King Gojong's reign.[3] After they reached the north of Hwaju (화주; 和州) and surrendered to the Yuan dynasty, the position of Ssangseong General Government Office (쌍성총관부) was established, to which the Ch'oe family were hereditarily appointed governors from generation to generation.[4]

Military career

[edit]

In 1361 (10th year of King Gongmin's reign), Cho (along with Pyŏn An-nyŏl (변안열) and others) contributed when the Red Turbans invaded Goryeo.[5] In 1363, he also contributed to subjugate Kim Yong's Rebellion (김용의 난).

In 1372, Hobaldo (호발도; 胡拔都), Janghaema (장해마; 張海馬), and others came to attacked Yiseong (이성; 泥城) and Ganggye (강계; 江界), Cho went out as a judge and subjugated the enemy in Gaju (가주; 家州).[6] Then, when the Japanese plundered Hamju (함주; 咸州) and Bukcheongju (북청주; 北靑州), he marched out and ambushed the soldiers, defeating the Japanese and beheaded at least 70 people. From this achievement, he was worshiped as a bongikdaebu (봉익대부; 奉翊大夫).[7]

Reign of King Chang

[edit]

After King U was expelled to Ganghwa Island, his son, King Chang, ascended the throne. Around 1388, it was believed that U's birthday was in Dodang (도당; 都堂), so Cho was sent alongside Ku Sŏng-no (구성로) to Ganghwa in order to present clothes for him.[8]

When U was in Ganghwa, he was immediately moved to Yeoheung-gun (여흥군; 驪興郡) led by Cho, Chi Yong-gi (지용기), U Hong-su (우홍수), and Yu Chun (유준).[8][incomprehensible] Not long after that, Chang was dethroned and killed alongside his father due to the claims that he was not a true descendant of the House of Wang, but a descendant of Sin Ton.

Reign of King Gongyang

[edit]

In 1389 (1st year reign of King Gongyang), Cho was promoted into the position of panuideokbusa (판의덕부사; 判懿德府事) in Gyeongjin.[9] However, when he was rewarded nok-hun (녹훈) for his service to the country, he was believed to already be deceased.[10]

Later life

[edit]

After the new Joseon dynasty was established, Pyŏn An-nyŏl, Wang An-dŏk (왕안덕), Chi Yong-gi, Yi Wŏn-gye (이원계), Chŏng Chi (정지), and Ch'oe Kong-ch'ŏl (최공철) all became the second rank merit subjects.[11]

Family

[edit]
  • Father: Cho Ton (조돈, 趙暾; 1307–1380)
    • Grandfather: Cho Yang-gi (조양기, 趙良琪; b. 1260); son of Cho Hwi (조휘; 趙暉).
  • Mother: Lady, of the Ganseong Yi clan (부인 간성이씨, 1309–1379)
    • Grandfather: Yi Hong-bok (이홍복; 李洪福)
  • Younger brothers:
    • Cho In-gyŏng (조인경, 趙仁瓊; d. 1422)
    • Cho In-gyu (조인규; 趙仁珪)
    • Cho In-ok (조인옥, 趙仁沃; 1347–1396)
  • Wives and children:
    • Lady Chŏng, of the Hadong Chŏng clan (부인 하동정씨)
      • 1st son: Cho On, Internal Prince Hancheon (조온 한천부원군, 趙溫 漢川府院君; 1347–1417)
    • Lady, of the Jeonju Yi clan (부인 전주이씨)
      • 2nd son: Cho Yŏn, Internal Prince Hanpyeong (조연 한평부원군, 趙涓 漢平府院君; 1374–1429)[12]
      • 3rd son: Cho Hu (조후, 趙候; 1377–1444)
      • 4th son: Cho Sa (조사, 趙師; d. 1432)
      • 5th son: Cho Pu (조부; 趙傅)
      • 1st daughter: Lady Cho (부인 조씨) – married Hwang Kil-wŏn (황길원; 黃吉源).
      • 2nd daughter: Lady Cho (부인 조씨) – married Im Maeng-yang (임맹양, 林孟陽; d. 1388), nephew of Im Kyŏn-mi (임견미, 林堅味; d. 1388).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ 태종실록 25권, 태종 13년 4월 26일 갑술 4번째기사 1413년 명 영락(永樂) 11년
    집의 김효손 등이 환왕 비문을 고치도록 건의하다    . Joseon Wangjo Sillok (in Korean). Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  2. ^ 양렬공 조인벽. The Cho clan of Hanyang Official Homepage (in Korean). Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  3. ^ Duk-il, Lee (2019). 이덕일의 한국통사: 다시 찾는 7,000년 우리 역사 (in Korean). Dasan Books. ISBN 9791130627670.
  4. ^ Ki-hwan, Sung (2008). 생각하는 한국사 2: 고려시대부터 조선·일제강점까지 (in Korean). Willow Media. ISBN 9788986982923.
  5. ^ 『Goryeosa』 Vol. 113 Biographies 26 Jesin Anu
  6. ^ 『Goryeosa』 Vol. 43 21st Years of King Gongmin (1372) 2nd month 26th day; 『Goryeosajeolyo』 Vol. 29 21st Years of King Gongmin (1372)
  7. ^ 『Goryeosa』 Vol. 43 21st Years of King Gongmin (1372) 6th month 27th day; 『Goryeosajeolyo』 Vol. 29 21st Years of King Gongmin (1372)
  8. ^ a b 『Goryeosa』 Vol. 137 Biographies 50: Year Ascension of King Chang
  9. ^ 『Goryeosa』 Vol. 45 First Year of King Gongyang (1389) 11th months 16th days Gyeongjin
  10. ^ 『Goryeosa』 Vol. 45 Second Year of King Gongyang
  11. ^ 태조실록 4권, 태조 2년 7월 22일 을축 3번째기사 1393년 명 홍무(洪武) 26년
    회군 공신을 책록토록 교지를 내리다    . Joseon Wangjo Sillok (in Korean). Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  12. ^ Married Grand Lady Kim of Byeonhan State (변한국대부인 김씨, 1374–1455)
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