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|name = José de los Reyes Berreyesa |
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|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1785|01|06}} |
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|birth_place = [[Mission Santa Clara de Asís]], [[The Californias|Las Californias]], [[Viceroyalty of New Spain]] |
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|death_date = 28 June 1846 |
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|death_place = [[Alta California]], Mexico |
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|nationality = Mexican |
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|children = [[José de los Santos Berreyesa]] |
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'''José de los Reyes Berreyesa''', also spelled '''Berrelleza''' (6 January 1785 – 28 June 1846), was born at [[Mission Santa Clara de Asís]] in [[The Californias|Las Californias]] province of the Spanish [[Viceroyalty of New Spain]] (colonial México). |
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| ⚫ | He was the third child and first son in the family of María Gertrudis Peralta and Nicolas Antonio Berrelleza.<ref name=FamilyTreeMaker>FamilyTreeMaker.com. [http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/c/o/p/Marlene-Y-Coppi/BOOK-0001/0004-0004.html ''Descendants of Luis Cayetano (Berrelleza) Berreyesa''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606025818/http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/c/o/p/Marlene-Y-Coppi/BOOK-0001/0004-0004.html |date=6 June 2011 }}. Retrieved on 14 August 2009.</ref> He served as an army sergeant at [[Presidio of San Francisco|El Presidio Real de San Francisco]]. |
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In 1842, José de los Reyes Berreyesa received from Governor [[Juan Bautista Alvarado]] a grant giving him one square league, or {{convert|4438|acre|km2|0}}, of the land he had been cultivating, called [[Rancho San Vicente]], near the Santa Teresa Hills and at the south end of Almaden Valley. The grant included a large section of the rocky hills upon which a rich source of [[Mercury (element)|mercury]]-carrying [[cinnabar]] ore was found in 1844–1845, and the discovery was made public. Mercury was an important part of gold- and silver-mining operations, and was in demand the world over, and especially in the California gold fields after 1848. The neighboring grant, [[Rancho Cañada de los Capitancillos]], was now held by Andres Castillero, who claimed the mercury mine was part of his land. Robert Walkinshaw and some other men squatted on the land in February 1845 and began to take lumber and limestone away for sale in August.<ref name=Castillero>[http://books.google.com/books?id=9Yo8AAAAIAAJ ''The United States vs. Andres Castillero: "New Almaden" : transcript of the record, Volume 1.''] United States District Court, California, Northern District. 1859.</ref> The [[New Almaden]] mercury mine began producing a small amount of rich ore in 1846. |
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In 1805, he married María Zacarias Bernal at Mission Santa Clara. The couple had 13 children during 1807–1833, with 10 living past infancy.<ref name=FamilyTreeMaker/> They moved in 1834 to cultivate and hold land in the [[Almaden Valley, San Jose, California|Almaden Valley]], located in present-day [[Santa Clara County, California]]. |
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| ⚫ | In 1846, during the [[Bear Flag Revolt]], three of the sons of José de los Reyes Berreyesa were imprisoned by [[John C. Frémont]] in [[Sonoma, California]], where one of the sons, José de los Santos Berreyesa, had been serving as alcalde. Accompanied by two cousins, twin sons of [[Francisco de Haro]], the 61-year-old father went to see how his sons were being treated in prison. After they landed their boat in [[San Rafael, California|San Rafael]], the three men were shot and killed by three of Frémont's men, including [[Kit Carson]], and they were stripped of their belongings.<ref name=AppendixD/> When asked by prisoner José de los Santos Berreyesa whether their father had been killed, Frémont said it might have been a man named Castro. A soldier of Frémont's was seen wearing the elder Berreyesa's [[Sarape|serape]], and Frémont refused to assist José de los Santos Berreyesa in retrieving it as a final token of their father to give to their mother. The three brothers resorted to buying the serape from the soldier for the extortionate price of $25.<ref name=AppendixD>Eldredge, Zoeth Skinner. ''The Beginnings of San Francisco'', 1912. [http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hbbegd.htm "Appendix D: The Murder of Berreyesa and the De Haros."] |
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==Rancho San Vicente== |
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The New Almaden mine was taken in possession by Robert Walkinshaw of the New Almaden Mining Company in April 1847 by means of a forged grant document supposedly bearing the signature of the alcalde of Presidio San José, José Dolores Pacheco, who always signed documents "Dolores Pacheco"—the questionable document was signed only "Pacheco", and in a finer hand than his.<ref name=Castillero/> Three of the Berreyesa sons battled with the squatters, trying to dislodge them from the mining works. Their mother, the widow María Zacarias Bernal de Berreyesa, fought for the land by filing suit in court against the New Almaden Mining Company. Castillero filed suit to prove his claim on the mine, and the United States worked to prove the mining land was public, not part of any grant, so that the government could seize the mine. The case dragged on for years as witnesses were called from Mexico. In July 1854, her ninth son, Jose de la Encarnacion Ramon Antonio Berreyesa, was grabbed by a posse, tied with rope around the neck and questioned, but was set free. Several days later, her fifth son, Joseph Zenobia Nemesio Berreyesa, was guarding the New Almaden mine at night when he was seized by masked men and hanged.<ref name=FamilyTreeMaker/> In 1856, men broke into the home of her seventh son, Francisco Antonio Berreyesa, and killed him.<ref name=FamilyTreeMaker/> Aftering leaving for the relative safety of [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], Jose de la Encarnacion Ramon Antonio Berreyesa was caught on February 8, 1857 by a band of vigilantes that had been told he consorted with the bandit [[Juan Flores]]. The vigilantes, a group called the El Monte Rangers who were frustrated at the recent escape of Flores, saw the rope scars around Berreyesa's neck and assumed he had somehow foiled a prior attempt at execution, so they hanged him until dead.<ref>Gonzalez-Day, Ken. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Brtdets-U0kC ''Lynching in the West, 1850–1935''], Duke University Press, 2006, pp. 4–5, 191, 239. ISBN 0822337940</ref> |
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In 1842, José de los Reyes Berreyesa received from Governor [[Juan Bautista Alvarado]] a grant giving him one square league, or {{convert|4438|acre|km2|0}}, of the land he had been cultivating, called [[Rancho San Vicente (Berreyesa)|Rancho San Vicente]]. It was located at the south end of Almaden Valley, near the [[Santa Teresa Hills]]. |
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The grant included a large section of the rocky hills upon which a rich source of [[Mercury (element)|mercury]]-carrying [[cinnabar]] ore was found in 1844–1845. The discovery was made public and the [[New Almaden|New Almaden quicksilver mine]] (mercury mine) began producing a small amount of rich ore in 1846. Mercury was an important part of gold and silver mining operations, and was in demand the world over, and especially after 1848 in the [[California Gold Rush|California gold fields]]. |
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An 1863 court decision in the Berreyesa's favor allowed them to sell the rights to work the mine for $1,700,000 in 1864.<ref name=Bancroft1884/> Eventually, the United States was able to prove that the two adjoining land grants did not include the rocky hills and the mine, and the mining operation was nationalized.<ref>Beale, Howard K. [http://books.google.com/books?id=xzI8G-cT6wIC ''The Diary of Edward Bates 1859–1866''], Read Books, 2008, pp. 49, 65–69, 282, 304, 339–342. ISBN 1443730092</ref> The Berreyesa family was finally rewarded on June 24, 1868 with a patent issued by the [[United States Supreme Court]] stating that the arable land of the rancho was theirs.<ref name=SantaClaraRanchos>UC Berkeley. Earth Sciences and Map Library. [http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/SantaClaraRanchos.html Mexican Land Grants: Santa Clara County.] Retrieved on August 16, 2009.</ref> Doña María died in 1869 in San Rafael. |
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The neighboring grant, [[Rancho Los Capitancillos]], was held by Justo Laros who claimed the mercury mine was part of his land.<ref>[http://supreme.justia.com/us/69/649/case.html ''The Fossat or Quicksilver Mine Case'', U.S. Supreme Court, 69 U.S. 2 Wall. 649 649 (1864)]</ref> Andres Castillero also claimed the mercury mine was part of his land. |
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1876 was the year that the greatest amount of mercury was removed from the New Almaden mine: {{convert|3610341|lb|kg|0}} of the liquid metal.<ref>Whitney, Josiah Dwight. [http://books.google.com/books?id=6PcYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA340 ''The United States: Facts and Figures Illustrating the Physical Geography of the Country, and Its Material Resources,'' Volume 2, p. 340.] Little, Brown, and company, 1889.</ref> By 1880, $16,000,000 worth of mercury had been mined.<ref name=Bancroft1884>Bancroft, Hubert Howe; Henry Lebbeus Oak; William Nemos; Mrs. Frances Fuller Victor. [http://www.archive.org/details/bancrohistofcali23huberich ''History of California''], 1884.</ref> |
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Robert Walkinshaw and some other men squatted on the rancho land in February 1845, and began to take lumber and limestone away to sell in August.<ref name=Castillero>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9Yo8AAAAIAAJ ''The United States vs. Andres Castillero: "New Almaden" : transcript of the record, Volume 1.''] United States District Court, California, Northern District. 1859.</ref> |
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==Bear Flag Revolt== |
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| ⚫ | In 1846, during the [[Bear Flag Revolt]], three of the [[Californio]] sons of José de los Reyes Berreyesa were imprisoned by [[John C. Frémont]] in [[Sonoma, California]], where one of the sons, [[José de los Santos Berreyesa]], had been serving as alcalde.<ref name=Eldridge1912>Eldridge, Zoeth Skinner. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Om0UAAAAYAAJ ''The Beginnings of San Francisco: From the Expedition of Anza, 1774, to the City Charter of April 15, 1850 : with Biographical and Other Notes''], Z.S. Eldredge, 1912, pp. 406–408.</ref> Accompanied by two cousins, twin sons of [[Francisco de Haro]], the 61-year-old father went to see how his sons were being treated in prison. After they landed their boat in [[San Rafael, California|San Rafael]], the three men were shot and killed by three of Frémont's men, including [[Kit Carson]],<ref name=Eldridge1912/> and they were stripped of their belongings.<ref name=AppendixD/> When asked by prisoner José de los Santos Berreyesa whether their father had been killed, Frémont said it might have been a man named Castro. A soldier of Frémont's was seen wearing the elder Berreyesa's [[Sarape|serape]], and Frémont refused to assist José de los Santos Berreyesa in retrieving it as a final token of their father to give to their mother. The three brothers resorted to buying the serape from the soldier for the extortionate price of $25.<ref name=AppendixD>Eldredge, Zoeth Skinner. ''The Beginnings of San Francisco'', 1912. [http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hbbegd.htm "Appendix D: The Murder of Berreyesa and the De Haros."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193603/http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hbbegd.htm |date=3 March 2016 }} Hosted at SFGenealogy. Retrieved on 16 August 2009.</ref> |
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Later, Carson told [[Jasper O'Farrell]] that he regretted killing the Californios, but that the act was only one such that Frémont ordered him to commit.<ref name=AppendixD/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Berreyesa family]] |
*[[Berreyesa family]] |
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*[[José Berreyesa]] |
*[[The José Berreyesa families of California]] |
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*[[José Berreyesa (disambiguation)]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~berreyesaresearch/berreyesaphotos.html Berreyesa family photos] |
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<!--Spanish era--> |
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[[Category:People of Alta California]] |
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[[Category:1846 deaths]] |
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[[Category:People from Santa Clara, California]] |
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[[Category:People from Santa Clara County, California]] |
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Latest revision as of 06:51, 11 November 2024
José de los Reyes Berreyesa | |
|---|---|
| Born | 6 January 1785 |
| Died | 28 June 1846 Alta California, Mexico |
| Nationality | Mexican |
| Children | José de los Santos Berreyesa |
José de los Reyes Berreyesa, also spelled Berrelleza (6 January 1785 – 28 June 1846), was born at Mission Santa Clara de Asís in Las Californias province of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Spain (colonial México).
He was the third child and first son in the family of María Gertrudis Peralta and Nicolas Antonio Berrelleza.[1] He served as an army sergeant at El Presidio Real de San Francisco.
In 1805, he married María Zacarias Bernal at Mission Santa Clara. The couple had 13 children during 1807–1833, with 10 living past infancy.[1] They moved in 1834 to cultivate and hold land in the Almaden Valley, located in present-day Santa Clara County, California.
Rancho San Vicente
[edit]In 1842, José de los Reyes Berreyesa received from Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado a grant giving him one square league, or 4,438 acres (18 km2), of the land he had been cultivating, called Rancho San Vicente. It was located at the south end of Almaden Valley, near the Santa Teresa Hills.
The grant included a large section of the rocky hills upon which a rich source of mercury-carrying cinnabar ore was found in 1844–1845. The discovery was made public and the New Almaden quicksilver mine (mercury mine) began producing a small amount of rich ore in 1846. Mercury was an important part of gold and silver mining operations, and was in demand the world over, and especially after 1848 in the California gold fields.
The neighboring grant, Rancho Los Capitancillos, was held by Justo Laros who claimed the mercury mine was part of his land.[2] Andres Castillero also claimed the mercury mine was part of his land.
Robert Walkinshaw and some other men squatted on the rancho land in February 1845, and began to take lumber and limestone away to sell in August.[3]
Bear Flag Revolt
[edit]In 1846, during the Bear Flag Revolt, three of the Californio sons of José de los Reyes Berreyesa were imprisoned by John C. Frémont in Sonoma, California, where one of the sons, José de los Santos Berreyesa, had been serving as alcalde.[4] Accompanied by two cousins, twin sons of Francisco de Haro, the 61-year-old father went to see how his sons were being treated in prison. After they landed their boat in San Rafael, the three men were shot and killed by three of Frémont's men, including Kit Carson,[4] and they were stripped of their belongings.[5] When asked by prisoner José de los Santos Berreyesa whether their father had been killed, Frémont said it might have been a man named Castro. A soldier of Frémont's was seen wearing the elder Berreyesa's serape, and Frémont refused to assist José de los Santos Berreyesa in retrieving it as a final token of their father to give to their mother. The three brothers resorted to buying the serape from the soldier for the extortionate price of $25.[5]
Later, Carson told Jasper O'Farrell that he regretted killing the Californios, but that the act was only one such that Frémont ordered him to commit.[5]
See also
[edit]- Berreyesa family
- The José Berreyesa families of California
- José Berreyesa (disambiguation)
- Ranchos of California
References
[edit]- ^ a b FamilyTreeMaker.com. Descendants of Luis Cayetano (Berrelleza) Berreyesa Archived 6 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 14 August 2009.
- ^ The Fossat or Quicksilver Mine Case, U.S. Supreme Court, 69 U.S. 2 Wall. 649 649 (1864)
- ^ The United States vs. Andres Castillero: "New Almaden" : transcript of the record, Volume 1. United States District Court, California, Northern District. 1859.
- ^ a b Eldridge, Zoeth Skinner. The Beginnings of San Francisco: From the Expedition of Anza, 1774, to the City Charter of April 15, 1850 : with Biographical and Other Notes, Z.S. Eldredge, 1912, pp. 406–408.
- ^ a b c Eldredge, Zoeth Skinner. The Beginnings of San Francisco, 1912. "Appendix D: The Murder of Berreyesa and the De Haros." Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Hosted at SFGenealogy. Retrieved on 16 August 2009.