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{{Short description|Indian royal title}}
{{Short description|Indian royal title}}
{{About|the title of the Maratha head of state|the Telugu film|Chatrapathi (2005 film)}}
{{About|the title of the Maratha head of state|the Telugu film|Chatrapathi (2005 film)}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=May 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox former monarchy
{{Infobox former monarchy
| border = federal
| border = federal
| royal_title = Chatrapati
| royal_title = Chhatrapati
| realm = the Marathas
| realm = the Marathas
| native_name = ''Marāṭhyānche Chatrapatī''
| native_name = ''Marāṭhyānche Chatrapatī''
Line 12: Line 15:
| first_monarch = [[Shivaji I]]
| first_monarch = [[Shivaji I]]
| last_monarch = [[Pratap Singh (Raja of Satara)|Pratap Singh]]
| last_monarch = [[Pratap Singh (Raja of Satara)|Pratap Singh]]
| style = [[Majesty|His Majesty]]
| style = [[Maharaj]]
| residence = {{Plain list|
| residence = {{Plain list|
* [[Raigad Fort]] (1674–1689)
* [[Raigad Fort]] (1674–1689)
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| began = 1674
| began = 1674
| ended = 1818
| ended = 1818
| pretender = '''Chhatrapati of Kolhapur'''<br>[[Shahu II of Kolhapur]] (1983–present)<br>'''Chhatrapati of Satara'''<br>[[Udayanraje Bhosale]] (1978–present)
| pretender =
|appointer=[[Hereditary monarchy|Hereditary]]}}
}}


'''Chhatrapati''' is a [[royal title]] from [[Sanskrit]] used to denote a monarch or imperial head of state. The word "Chhatrapati" is a [[Sanskrit]] language compound word of ''[[Chatra (umbrella)|chhatra]]'' (''[[parasol]]'' or ''[[umbrella]]'') and ''[[Pati (title)|pati]]'' (''master/[[lord]]/ruler'').<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Fairey|first1=Jack|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IlFuDwAAQBAJ&q=Chhatrapati+%22parasol%22+Maratha&pg=PA160|title=Empire in Asia: A New Global History: From Chinggisid to Qing|last2=Farrell|first2=Brian P.|date=2018-06-28|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4725-9123-4|language=en}}</ref> This title was used by the [[House of Bhonsle]], between 1674 and 1818, as the heads of state of the [[Maratha Confederacy]].
'''Chhatrapati''' is a [[royal title]] from [[Sanskrit]] used to denote a king. The word "Chhatrapati" is a [[Sanskrit]] language compound word of ''[[Chatra (umbrella)|chhatra]]'' (''[[parasol]]'' or ''[[umbrella]]'') and ''[[Pati (title)|pati]]'' (''master/[[lord]]/ruler'').<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Fairey|first1=Jack|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IlFuDwAAQBAJ&q=Chhatrapati+%22parasol%22+Maratha&pg=PA160|title=Empire in Asia: A New Global History: From Chinggisid to Qing|last2=Farrell|first2=Brian P.|date=2018-06-28|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4725-9123-4|language=en}}</ref> This title was used by the [[House of Bhonsle]], between 1674 and 1818, as the heads of state of the [[Maratha Confederacy]].


The states of [[Satara state|Satara]] and [[Kolhapur State|Kolhapur]] came into being in 1707, because of the [[order of succession|succession]] dispute over the royalty. [[Shahuji]], the [[heir]] apparent to the Maratha empire, captured by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] at the age of nine, remained their [[prisoner]] at the death of his father [[Sambhaji]], the elder son of Shivaji the founder of the [[Maratha Empire]], in 1689. The [[empress dowager|dowager]] Maharani [[Tarabai]] (wife of [[Rajaram I]]) proclaimed her son [[Shivaji II]], as Chhatrapati under her regency. The Mughals released Shahu under certain conditions in 1707, and he returned to claim his inheritance. He defeated the regent at the Battle of Khed and established himself at Satara, forcing her to retire with her son to Kolhapur. By 1710 two separate principalities had become an established fact. Shivaji II and Tarabai were soon deposed by the other wife of Rajaram, [[Rajasbai]]. She installed her own son, [[Sambhaji II]], as the new ruler of Kolhapur. Sambhaji II signed the [[Treaty]] of [[Warana, Maharashtra|Warana]] in 1731 with his cousin [[Shahu I|Shahuji]] to formalize the two separate seats of Bhonsle family.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Textbook of medieval Indian history |last=Sailendra |first=Sen |date=2013-01-01 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=9789380607344|oclc=822894456}}</ref>
The states of [[Satara state|Satara]] and [[Kolhapur State|Kolhapur]] came into being in 1707, because of the [[order of succession|succession]] dispute over the royalty. [[Shahuji]], the [[heir]] apparent to the Maratha Kingdom, captured by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] at the age of nine, remained their [[prisoner]] at the death of his father [[Sambhaji]], the elder son of Shivaji the founder of the [[Maratha Kingdom]], in 1689. The [[empress dowager|dowager]] Maharani [[Tarabai]] (wife of [[Rajaram I]]) proclaimed her son [[Shivaji II]], as Chhatrapati under her regency. The Mughals released Shahu under certain conditions in 1707, and he returned to claim his inheritance. He defeated the regent at the Battle of Khed and established himself at Satara, forcing her to retire with her son to Kolhapur. By 1710 two separate principalities had become an established fact. Shivaji II and Tarabai were soon deposed by the other wife of Rajaram, [[Rajasbai]]. She installed her own son, [[Sambhaji II]], as the new ruler of Kolhapur. Sambhaji II signed the [[Treaty]] of [[Warana, Maharashtra|Warana]] in 1731 with his cousin [[Shahu I|Shahuji]] to formalize the two separate seats of Bhonsle family.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Textbook of medieval Indian history |last=Sailendra |first=Sen |date=2013-01-01 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=9789380607344|oclc=822894456}}</ref>


==Initial Chhatrapatis==
==Initial Chhatrapatis==
This is the list of the initial Chhatrapatis.
This is the list of the initial Maratha Chhatrapatis.


{| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"
{| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"
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| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|9 June 1696
| style="text-align:center;"|9 June 1696
| style="text-align:center;"|1700–1707, 17102 August 1714 (Kolhapur State)
| style="text-align:center;"|3 March 170012 January 1708
| style="text-align:center;"|14 March 1726
| style="text-align:center;"|14 March 1726
|-
|-
Line 65: Line 68:
| style="text-align:center;"|12 January 1708 – 15 December 1749
| style="text-align:center;"|12 January 1708 – 15 December 1749
| style="text-align:center;"|15 December 1749
| style="text-align:center;"|15 December 1749
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Rajaram II of Satara|Rajaram II]]
| style="text-align:center;"|June 1726
| style="text-align:center;"|15 December 1749 – 11 December 1777
| style="text-align:center;"|11 December 1777
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Rajah Sahuji of the Sisodya Clan, Who Ruled over Sattara in the Deccan.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Shahu II of Satara|Shahu II]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1763
| style="text-align:center;"|11 December 1777 – 3 May 1808
| style="text-align:center;"|3 May 1808
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Chhatrapati Pratapsingh.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Pratap Singh (Raja of Satara)|Pratap Singh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 January 1793
| style="text-align:center;"|3 May 1808April 1818
| style="text-align:center;"|14 October 1847
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Chhatrapatis of Satara==
==Raja Chhatrapatis of Satara==
This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of [[Satara State|Satara]].<ref name="a">Maheshwari, K. K. & K. W. Wiggins (1989). ''Maratha Mints and Coinage'', Nashik: Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies, pp. 205–6.</ref>
This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of [[Satara State|Satara]].<ref name="a">Maheshwari, K. K. & K. W. Wiggins (1989). ''Maratha Mints and Coinage'', Nashik: Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies, pp. 205–6.</ref>


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! style="width:20%;"| Reign
! style="width:20%;"| Reign
! style="width:13%;"| Death
! style="width:13%;"| Death
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Copy of Shahu (3).jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shahu I]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|18 May 1682
| style="text-align:center;"|12 January 170815 December 1749
| style="text-align:center;"|15 December 1749
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Rajaram II of Satara|Rajaram II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|June 1726
| style="text-align:center;"|15 December 1749 – 11 December 1777
| style="text-align:center;"|11 December 1777
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shahu II of Satara|Shahu II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|1763
| style="text-align:center;"|11 December 1777 – 3 May 1808
| style="text-align:center;"|3 May 1808
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Chhatrapati Pratapsingh.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Chhatrapati Pratapsingh.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Pratap Singh (Raja of Satara)|Pratapsingh]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Pratap Singh (Raja of Satara)|Pratap Singh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 January 1793
| style="text-align:center;"|18 January 1793
| style="text-align:center;"|1818 – 5 September 1839
| style="text-align:center;"|1818 – 5 September 1839
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|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shahaji Appa Saheb Chhatrapati.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shahaji Appa Saheb Chhatrapati.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Raja Shahaji of Satara|Shahaji]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Raja Shahaji of Satara|Shahaji]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1802
| style="text-align:center;"|1802
| style="text-align:center;"|5 September 1839 – 5 April 1848
| style="text-align:center;"|5 September 1839 – 5 April 1848
| style="text-align:center;"|5 April 1848
| style="text-align:center;"|5 April 1848
|}
=== Titular Chhatrapatis ===
{| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"
! style="width:8%;"| Portrait
! style="width:12%;"| Chhatrapati
! style="width:9%;"| Birth
! style="width:20%;"| Reign
! style="width:13%;"| Death
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''Venkataji''
| style="text-align:center;"|Venkatji Bhonsle
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|1848–1864
| style="text-align:center;"|1848–1864
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|1864
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Pratapsinha II / Rajaram II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|Pratap Singh II
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|1865–1874
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|1864–1874
| style="text-align:center;"|1 March 1878
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Rajaram III of Satara|Rajaram III]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|Rajaram III
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|1874–1904
| style="text-align:center;"|1874–1904
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|6 July 1907
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Anna Sahib]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|Anna Sahib
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|1904–1919
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|1904–1914
| style="text-align:center;"|1919
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Bhav Sahib / Bhausaheb]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|Bhav Sahib / Bhausaheb
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|1914–1925
| style="text-align:center;"|1914–1925
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|7 July 1925
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Shahu Chhatrapati III of Satara.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shahu Chhatrapati III of Satara.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shahu III]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|Shahu III
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|1925–1950
| style="text-align:center;"|1925–1950
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|23 February 1960
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Pratapsingh III]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|Pratap Singh III
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|1950–?
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|1950–1978
| style="text-align:center;"|5 April 1983/1989
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Udayraje Bhosale.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Udayraje Bhosale.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Udayanraje Bhosale|Udayanraje]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Udayanraje Bhosale|Udayanraje]]
| style="text-align:center;"|24 February 1966
| style="text-align:center;"|24 February 1966
| style="text-align:center;"|?–present
| style="text-align:center;"|1978–present
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | '''Source:'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesFarEast/India_Modern_Marathas14.htm|title = The Marathas: Post Shahu Chatrapatis of Satara}}</ref>
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | '''Source:'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesFarEast/India_Modern_Marathas14.htm|title=The Marathas: Post Shahu Chatrapatis of Satara|access-date=2 January 2022|archive-date=2 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102012142/https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesFarEast/India_Modern_Marathas14.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
|}


==Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur==
==Raja Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur==
This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of [[Kolhapur State|Kolhapur]].<ref name="a"/>
This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of [[Kolhapur State|Kolhapur]].<ref name="a"/>


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| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|9 June 1696
| style="text-align:center;"|9 June 1696
| style="text-align:center;"|1700–1707, 1710–1714 (Kolhapur State)
| style="text-align:center;"|1710 – 2 August 1714 (Kolhapur State)
| style="text-align:center;"|14 March 1726
| style="text-align:center;"|14 March 1726
|-
|-
Line 178: Line 189:
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Sambhaji II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Sambhaji II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|1698
| style="text-align:center;"|1698
| style="text-align:center;"|1714–1760
| style="text-align:center;"|2 August 1714 – 18 December 1760
| style="text-align:center;"|18 December 1760
| style="text-align:center;"|18 December 1760
|-
|-
Line 196: Line 207:
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji IV]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji IV]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|1816
| style="text-align:center;"|1816
| style="text-align:center;"|July 02 1821 – Jan 03 1822
| style="text-align:center;"|2 July 1821 – 3 Jan 1822
| style="text-align:center;"|January 03, 1822
| style="text-align:center;"|3 January 1822
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
Line 213: Line 224:
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Rajaram Chatrapati of Kolhapur 01.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Rajaram Chatrapati of Kolhapur 01.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Rajaram II of Kolhapur|Rajaram II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Rajaram II of Kolhapur|Rajaram II]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|April 13, 1850
| style="text-align:center;"|13 April 1850
| style="text-align:center;"|August 18, 1866 – November 30, 1870
| style="text-align:center;"|18 August 1866 – 30 November 1870
| style="text-align:center;"|November 30, 1870
| style="text-align:center;"|30 November 1870
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shivaji VI.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shivaji VI.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji VI]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shivaji VI]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|April 05, 1863
| style="text-align:center;"|05 April 1863
| style="text-align:center;"|1871–1883
| style="text-align:center;"|1871–1883
| style="text-align:center;"|December 25, 1883
| style="text-align:center;"|25 December 1883
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Maharajah of Kolhapur 1912.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Maharajah of Kolhapur 1912.jpg|80px]]
Line 247: Line 258:
| style="text-align:center;"|9 May 1983
| style="text-align:center;"|9 May 1983
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:32 shahu chhatrapati maharaj.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shahu II of Kolhapur|Shahu V (overall)<br/>Shahu II of Kolhapur]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Shahu II of Kolhapur|Shahu V (overall)<br/>Shahu II of Kolhapur]]''
| style="text-align:center;"|7 January 1948
| style="text-align:center;"|7 January 1948
| style="text-align:center;"|1983–present
| style="text-align:center;"|9 May 1983–present
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 10:03, 11 November 2024

Chhatrapati of the Marathas
Marāṭhyānche Chatrapatī
Federal
Seal
First to reign
Shivaji I
6 June 1674 – 3 April 1680
Details
StyleMaharaj
First monarchShivaji I
Last monarchPratap Singh
Formation1674
Abolition1818
Residence
AppointerHereditary
Pretender(s)Chhatrapati of Kolhapur
Shahu II of Kolhapur (1983–present)
Chhatrapati of Satara
Udayanraje Bhosale (1978–present)

Chhatrapati is a royal title from Sanskrit used to denote a king. The word "Chhatrapati" is a Sanskrit language compound word of chhatra (parasol or umbrella) and pati (master/lord/ruler).[1] This title was used by the House of Bhonsle, between 1674 and 1818, as the heads of state of the Maratha Confederacy.

The states of Satara and Kolhapur came into being in 1707, because of the succession dispute over the royalty. Shahuji, the heir apparent to the Maratha Kingdom, captured by the Mughals at the age of nine, remained their prisoner at the death of his father Sambhaji, the elder son of Shivaji the founder of the Maratha Kingdom, in 1689. The dowager Maharani Tarabai (wife of Rajaram I) proclaimed her son Shivaji II, as Chhatrapati under her regency. The Mughals released Shahu under certain conditions in 1707, and he returned to claim his inheritance. He defeated the regent at the Battle of Khed and established himself at Satara, forcing her to retire with her son to Kolhapur. By 1710 two separate principalities had become an established fact. Shivaji II and Tarabai were soon deposed by the other wife of Rajaram, Rajasbai. She installed her own son, Sambhaji II, as the new ruler of Kolhapur. Sambhaji II signed the Treaty of Warana in 1731 with his cousin Shahuji to formalize the two separate seats of Bhonsle family.[2]

Initial Chhatrapatis

[edit]

This is the list of the initial Maratha Chhatrapatis.

Portrait Chhatrapati Birth Reign Death
Shivaji I 19 February 1630[3] 6 June 1674 – 5 April 1680 5 April 1680
Sambhaji 14 May 1657 16 January 1681 – 11 March 1689 11 March 1689
Rajaram I 24 February 1670 11 March 1689 – 3 March 1700 3 March 1700
Shivaji II 9 June 1696 3 March 1700 – 12 January 1708 14 March 1726
Shahu I 18 May 1682 12 January 1708 – 15 December 1749 15 December 1749
Rajaram II June 1726 15 December 1749 – 11 December 1777 11 December 1777
Shahu II 1763 11 December 1777 – 3 May 1808 3 May 1808
Pratap Singh 18 January 1793 3 May 1808 – April 1818 14 October 1847

Raja Chhatrapatis of Satara

[edit]

This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of Satara.[4]

Portrait Chhatrapati Birth Reign Death
Pratap Singh 18 January 1793 1818 – 5 September 1839 14 October 1847
Shahaji 1802 5 September 1839 – 5 April 1848 5 April 1848

Titular Chhatrapatis

[edit]
Portrait Chhatrapati Birth Reign Death
Venkatji Bhonsle 1848–1864 1864
Pratap Singh II 1864–1874 1 March 1878
Rajaram III 1874–1904 6 July 1907
Anna Sahib 1904–1914 1919
Bhav Sahib / Bhausaheb 1914–1925 7 July 1925
Shahu III 1925–1950 23 February 1960
Pratap Singh III 1950–1978 5 April 1983/1989
Udayanraje 24 February 1966 1978–present
Source:[5]

Raja Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur

[edit]

This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur.[4]

Portrait Chhatrapati Birth Reign Death
Shivaji II 9 June 1696 1710 – 2 August 1714 (Kolhapur State) 14 March 1726
Sambhaji II 1698 2 August 1714 – 18 December 1760 18 December 1760
Shivaji III 1756 22 September 1762 – 24 April 1813 24 April 1813
Sambhaji III 1801 24 April 1813 – 2 July 1821 2 July 1821
Shivaji IV 1816 2 July 1821 – 3 Jan 1822 3 January 1822
Shahaji I 22 January 1802 3 January 1822 – 29 November 1838 29 November 1838
Shivaji V 26 December 1830 1838–1866 4 August 1866
Rajaram II 13 April 1850 18 August 1866 – 30 November 1870 30 November 1870
Shivaji VI 05 April 1863 1871–1883 25 December 1883
Shahu IV (overall)
Shahu I of Kolhapur
26 June 1874 2 April 1894 – 6 May 1922 6 May 1922
Rajaram III 31 July 1897 1922–1940 26 November 1940
Shivaji VII 22 November 1941 31 December 1941 – 28 September 1946 28 September 1946
Shahaji II 4 April 1910 1947–1971 9 May 1983
Shahu V (overall)
Shahu II of Kolhapur
7 January 1948 9 May 1983–present
Genealogy of Kolhapur Chhatrapatis

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Fairey, Jack; Farrell, Brian P. (28 June 2018). Empire in Asia: A New Global History: From Chinggisid to Qing. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4725-9123-4.
  2. ^ Sailendra, Sen (1 January 2013). Textbook of medieval Indian history. Primus Books. ISBN 9789380607344. OCLC 822894456.
  3. ^ Indu Ramchandani, ed. (2000). Student's Britannica: India (Set of 7 Vols.) 39. Popular Prakashan. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5.
  4. ^ a b Maheshwari, K. K. & K. W. Wiggins (1989). Maratha Mints and Coinage, Nashik: Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies, pp. 205–6.
  5. ^ "The Marathas: Post Shahu Chatrapatis of Satara". Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.

References

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  • ^ V. S. Kadam, 1993. Maratha Confederacy: A Study in Its Origin and Development. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi.
  • D. B. Kasar, Rigveda to Rajgarh: Making of Shivaji the Great. Manudevi Prakashan, Mumbai.