Giza: Difference between revisions

Giza

الجيزة
Giza الجيزة
City
	Clockwise from top: ; Giza panorama, Pyramids of Giza, Cairo University, Great Sphinx of Giza, aerial view of Pyramids
	Flag Seal
	Giza Location of Giza within Egypt Giza Giza (Africa)
	Coordinates: 29°59′13″N 31°12′42″E / 29.9870°N 31.2118°E
Country	Egypt
Governorate	Giza
Founded	642 AD
Government
• Governor	Ahmed Rashed
Area
• Total	98.4 km2 (38.0 sq mi)
Elevation	30 m (100 ft)
Population (2023)
• Total	4,458,135
• Density	45,000/km2 (120,000/sq mi)
• Demonym	Gizan (m) Gizanne (f)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EST)
Postal code	5-Digit
Area code	(+20) 2
Website	Giza.gov.eg

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Giza (/ˈɡiːzə/; sometimes spelled Gizah, Gizeh, Geeza, Jiza; Arabic: الجيزة, romanized: al-Jīzah, pronounced [ald͡ʒiːzah], Egyptian Arabic: الجيزة el-Gīza [elˈgiːzæ])^[3] is the third-largest city in Egypt by area after Cairo and Alexandria; and fourth-largest city in Africa by population after Kinshasa, Lagos, and Cairo. It is the capital of Giza Governorate with a total population of 4,872,448 in the 2017 census.^[4] It is located on the west bank of the Nile opposite central Cairo, and is a part of the Greater Cairo metropolis. Giza lies less than 30 km (18.64 mi) north of Memphis (Men-nefer, today the village of Mit Rahina), which was the capital city of the unified Egyptian state during the reign of pharaoh Narmer, roughly 3100 BC.

Giza is most famous as the location of the Giza Plateau, the site of some of the most impressive ancient monuments in the world, including a complex of ancient Egyptian royal mortuary and sacred structures, among which are the Great Sphinx, the Great Pyramid of Giza, and a number of other large pyramids and temples. Giza has always been a focal point in Egypt's history due to its location close to Memphis, the ancient pharaonic capital of the Old Kingdom.

Districts and population

The city of Giza is the capital of the Giza Governorate, and is located near the northeast border of this governorate.

2017 population and administrative divisions

Giza city is a municipal division and capital of Giza governorate with an appointed city head.^[5] It comprises nine districts (ahya', singl. hayy) and five new towns (mudun jadidah) administered by the New Urban Communities Authority (NUCA).

The districts/qisms fully subsume to the city head and according to the 2017 census had 4,872,448 residents:^[4]^[6]

District/qism	Code 2017	Population
Shamal (North)/ Imbâba	210100	632,599
Agouza, al-	210200	278,479
Duqqî, al-	210300	70,926
Janoub (South)/ Jîza, al-	210400	285,723
Bûlâq al-Dakrûr	210500	960,031
`Umrâniyya, al-	210600	366,066
Ṭâlbiyya, al-	210700	457,667
Ahrâm, al-	210800	659,305
Warrâq, al-	211700	722,083
Shaykh Zâyid, al (new city)^[7]	211900	90,699
6 October 1 (new city)^[8]	212000	93,012
6 October 2 (new city)	212100	196,373
6 October 3 (new city)	212300	59,485

The new towns are mostly administered by the national level New Urban Communities Authority (NUCA), with some public services under the jurisdiction of Giza. They are confusingly named madina (city), however they are not administratively incorporated as such where many are formed of a single district or qism. Ones not in the 2017 census as they were not yet incorporated, or inhabited at that time are:

New 6th of October^[9]
October Gardens^[10]
New Sphinx^[11]

Permanently inhabited Nile islands:

Qorsaya Island (Janoub/Giza district)
Dahab Island (Janoub/Giza district)
Al-Warraq Island (Al-Warraq district)

2006 population

The city's population was reported as 2,681,863 in the 2006 national census,^[12]^[13] while the governorate had 6,272,571 at the same census, without specifying what the city is. The former figure corresponds to the sum of nine districts/qisms.

Region	(Population)	Area km²
Region	2006	Area km²
Giza, 9 kisms (contiguous)	2,681,863	98.4
Giza, 10 kisms (not contiguous)	2,822,271	115.7
Giza, 10 kisms + Giza markaz (contiguous)	3,063,777	187
Giza, 10 kisms + Giza, Kerdasa, Ossim markaz (contiguous)	–	338.9

Geography and Climate

Giza's most famous landform and archaeological site, the Giza Plateau, holds some major monuments of Egyptian history, and is home to the Great Sphinx. Once thriving with the Nile that flowed right into the Giza Plateau, the pyramids of Giza were built overlooking the ancient Egyptian capital city of Memphis, across the river from modern day Cairo. The Great Pyramid of Giza at one time was advocated (1884) as the location for the Prime Meridian, a reference point used for determining a base longitude.^[14]

Climate

Giza experiences a hot desert like arid climate (Köppen: BWh). Its climate is similar to Cairo, owing to its proximity. Windstorms can be frequent across Egypt in spring, bringing Saharan dust into the city during the months of March and April. High temperatures in winter range from 16 to 20 °C (61 to 68 °F), while nighttime lows drop to below 7 °C (45 °F). In summer, the highs are 40 °C (104 °F), and the lows can drop to about 20 °C (68 °F). Rain is infrequent in Giza; snow is extremely rare.

Up to August 2013, the highest recorded temperature was 46 °C (115 °F) on 13 June 1965, while the lowest recorded temperature was 2 °C (36 °F) on 8 January 1966.^[15]

Climate data for Giza
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	28 (82)	30 (86)	36 (97)	41 (106)	43 (109)	46 (115)	41 (106)	43 (109)	39 (102)	40 (104)	36 (97)	30 (86)	46 (115)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	19.3 (66.7)	20.9 (69.6)	24.2 (75.6)	28.4 (83.1)	32.0 (89.6)	34.9 (94.8)	34.5 (94.1)	34.4 (93.9)	32.4 (90.3)	30.2 (86.4)	25.4 (77.7)	21.1 (70.0)	28.1 (82.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	13.0 (55.4)	14.0 (57.2)	17.2 (63.0)	20.5 (68.9)	24.0 (75.2)	27.1 (80.8)	27.5 (81.5)	27.5 (81.5)	25.6 (78.1)	23.5 (74.3)	19.2 (66.6)	15.0 (59.0)	21.2 (70.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	6.8 (44.2)	7.2 (45.0)	10.3 (50.5)	12.7 (54.9)	16.1 (61.0)	19.3 (66.7)	20.6 (69.1)	20.7 (69.3)	18.9 (66.0)	16.8 (62.2)	13.0 (55.4)	8.9 (48.0)	14.3 (57.7)
Record low °C (°F)	2 (36)	4 (39)	5 (41)	8 (46)	11 (52)	16 (61)	17 (63)	17 (63)	16 (61)	11 (52)	4 (39)	4 (39)	2 (36)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	4 (0.2)	3 (0.1)	2 (0.1)	1 (0.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	3 (0.1)	4 (0.2)	17 (0.7)
Source 1: Climate-Data.org^[16]
Source 2: Voodoo Skies^[15] for record temperatures

History

Ancient era

The area in what is now Giza served as the necropolis of several pharaohs who ruled ancient Egypt, during the second millennium BC. Three of these tombs, in the form of giant pyramids, are what is now the famed Giza pyramid complex, featuring the Great Pyramid of Giza.

Classical to medieval era

As ancient Egypt passed under several conquests under the Persians, Greeks, Romans and Byzantines, so did the area in what is now Giza. A Byzantine village named Phylake (Greek: Φυλακή) or Terso (Coptic: ϯⲣⲥⲱ, meaning "the fortress", now Tersa) was located south of Giza and should not be confused with it.^[17]^[18]^[19]

Egyptians called the area Tipersis (Bohairic Coptic: ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ^[a] and Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ, lit. 'the Persian (fortress) of Babylon').^[20]^[21]^[22] Eutychius gives a legend about the city's name and its foundation by Artaxerxes Ochus or Hūš (Arabic: خوش),^[23] and Abu Salih says it was found by him at the same time as Qasr ash-Sham,^[24] but in view of the fact that older evidence is missing, it is perhaps most likely to have been founded during the Sasanian conquest of Egypt in the early 7th century.^[25]

As Muslims of the fledgling Islamic caliphate went on with their conquest of Egypt from the Byzantine Empire beginning in 639 AD, three years after their victory at the battle of Yarmouk in 636 AD, they conquered all of the land by the time they captured the city of Alexandria in 641 AD. A year later in 642 AD (year 21 in Islamic calendar), they founded the city of Giza. The exact etymology of its name is unknown. Al-Maqrizi suggested an irregular Arameo-Arabic root meaning "edge, side" to be the source. Everett-Heath suggested Ancient Egyptian: r-gs-ḥr "on the side of the height (pyramid)". Peust also suggests a Persian etymology of the word from Middle Persian: 𐭣𐭦, romanized: diz, lit. 'fortress, castle', which Persians could have given to the pyramids or a fortress they found in the area.^[26]

Infrastructure

Giza has seen many changes over time. Changes in infrastructure during the different occupations of Egypt by various rulers, including the British in the 18th and early 20th century, focused on the construction of roads, streets, and buildings in the area. Giza is a thriving centre of Egyptian culture and is quite heavily populated, with many facilities and buildings in the current area. Giza saw much attention in particular to its vast amount of ancient Egyptian monuments found on the Giza Plateau, and has astonished thousands of visitors and tourists over the years. Giza's infrastructure saw much attention from both the British government prior to the 1952 coup d'état, as well as the current Egyptian government due to the city's importance in tourism. Giza's St. George Cathedral is the episcopal see of the Coptic Catholic Eparchy of Giza.

The city hosts the first zoo on the entire African continent and one of the oldest in the Mediterranean region, the Giza Zoo. In addition, there are several parks, the most famous among them is Orman Park, which means "Forest Park" in the Turkish language.

Transportation

Transportation in Giza comprises an extensive road network, rail system, subway system, and maritime services. Road transport is facilitated by personal vehicles, taxi cabs, privately owned public buses and microbuses.

Giza shares with Cairo a subway system, officially called the "Metro (مترو)", a fast and efficient way of getting around. An extensive road network connects Giza with 6th of October City, Cairo and other cities. There are flyovers and bridges such as the 15th. Traffic in Giza is known to be overwhelming and overcrowded.

Other means of transport include:

Cairo Taxi
Uber (available in Cairo and Giza since 2015)^[27]
Careem (available in Cairo and Giza since 2015)^[28]
Swvl (available in Cairo and Giza since 2017)
Water taxis (motorized feluccas) available for transport to nearby places along the Nile River

Economy

Industries here include movies, chemicals, Giza cotton, machinery and cigarettes. In addition, Giza has many luxury apartment buildings along the Nile, making it a popular place to live.

International access

Access to the city of Giza, which has its own governorate adjacent to the Governorate of Cairo, is dependent on the Cairo International Airport. Another local airport is found in Giza, called the Imbaba Airport, but recently the Egyptian government has decided to shut down the area and turn it into a cultural or an athletic area.

Sphinx International Airport was opened in 2018 as an alternative to the already congested Cairo International Airport, but also to improve accessibility to the Giza necropolis as well as to the Grand Egyptian Museum.

Education

Giza's learning institutions include Cairo University, which was moved to Giza in 1924. The city is a hub of education and educational services not only for Egypt but also for the entire Mediterranean Region. Giza has numerous schools, kindergartens, and institutes of higher learning.

The Cairo Japanese School, a Japanese international school, is in Giza.^[29] The Deutsche Evangelische Oberschule, a German international school, is located in Dokki in Giza.^[30] Previously the Pakistan International School of Cairo had its campus in Giza.^[31]

Sports

The city hosts the second most successful sports club in Egypt and Africa, El Zamalek, which is located in the Meet Okba neighbourhood near the Mohandesin neighbourhood. Beside El Zamalek there are other clubs like El Tersana and Seid Shooting Club which is one of the elite clubs in Egypt.

Twin towns and sister cities

Giza is twinned with:

Notable people

Amr Abou El Seoud (born 1968), bank CEO
Maher El-Kady (born 1983), scientist, known for his work in nanotechnology, particularly in graphene-based materials, energy storage, and advanced materials.

References

^ "محافظ الجيزة يترأس اجتماع اللجنة التنفيذية للمبادرة الوطنية للمشروعات الخضراء الذكية", Masrawy, archived from the original on 2 September 2022, retrieved 2 September 2022
^ ^a ^b ^c "Egypt: Governorates, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". citypopulation.de. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
^ Egyptian Arabic Place Names and Monument Names, 11 February 2019, retrieved 30 June 2023
^ ^a ^b Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics (CAPMAS) (2017). "2017 Census for Population and Housing Conditions". CEDEJ-CAPMAS. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
^ ""أبو النجا" يتفقد المراحل النهائية لتطوير نفق مشاه بميدان الجيزة". بوابة اخبار اليوم. 11 February 2020. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
^ "الصفحة الرئيسية - الأحياء". www.giza.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
^ "الصفحة الرئيسية - الشيخ زايد". www.newcities.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
^ "الهيكل الإداري". www.6october.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
^ "الصفحة الرئيسية - مدينة 6 أكتوبر الجديدة". www.newcities.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
^ "الصفحة الرئيسية - حدائق اكتوبر". www.newcities.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
^ "الصفحة الرئيسية - مدينة سفنكس الجديدة". www.newcities.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
^ Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (Jr.) (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 403. ISBN 978-0-19-533770-9. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
^ "Giza, Egypt". Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "The Canary Islands and the Question of the Prime Meridian: The Search for Precision in the Measurement of the Earth", Wilcomb E. Washburn. link Archived 29 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b "El-Giza, Egypt". Voodoo Skies. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
^ "Climate: Giza – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Archived from the original on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
^ "TM Places". www.trismegistos.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ موسوعة " القاموس الجغرافى للبلاد المصرية " – محمد رمزى بك (قسم ثانى ج3 – ص4): مركز وثائق وتاريخ مصر المعاصر الهيئة المصرية العامةللكتاب ط 1994
^ جغرافية مصر في العصر القبطى – الفرنسى أميلينو : الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب2013 ترجمة ميخائيل مكسى إسكندر – استدراكات العلامة محمد رمزى على الكتاب في الجزء الثالث من ص 274: نشر المعهد العلمى الفرنسى
^ Amélineau, Emile (1893). La géographie de l'Egypte à l'époque copte. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. pp. 190.
^ "Trismegistos". www.trismegistos.org. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
^ Stefan, Timm (1988). Das christlich-koptische Agypten in arabischer Zeit. p. 1055.
^ Evetts, B. T. A. The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt and Some Neighbouring Countries. p. 177.
^ Timm, Stefan (1985). Das christlich-koptische Agypten in arabischer Zeit (Teil 3 G-L). Wiesbaden. p. 1058.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Peust, Carsten. "Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten" (PDF). p. 44. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
^ Peust, Carsten. "Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
^ "Ya Om El Donia. Your Uber Has Just Arrived, Cairo! – Uber Blog". Uber. 20 November 2014. Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
^ "Ride or Drive with Careem in Cairo, Egypt – Careem". Careem.com. Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
^ Home (Archive). Cairo Japanese School. Retrieved on 2 January 2014. "NAZLET EL BATRAN EL AHRAM GIZA, A.R.EGYPT"
^ "Kontakt Archived 18 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine." Deutsche Evangelische Oberschule. Retrieved on 18 January 2015. "6, El Dokki St. Dokki / Giza"
^ "Contact Us." Pakistan International School Cairo. Retrieved on 21 April 2015. "12 Midan Tehran, Dokki, Cairo."

^ Other forms are Coptic: ⲧⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ, Coptic: ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲟⲓ, Coptic: ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲟⲥ, Coptic: ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲱϯ and Coptic: ⲡⲣⲥⲱⲓ

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|City in Greater Cairo, Egypt}}
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 {{About|the city in Egypt|other uses}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
 {{Infobox settlement
 <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
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+  | photo1a = Giza-Nile.JPG
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+  | photo2a = Giza-pyramids.JPG
-| photo2b = All Gizah Pyramids.jpg
+  | photo2b = All Gizah Pyramids.jpg
-| photo3a = Great Sphinx of Giza May 2015.JPG
+  | photo3a = Great Sphinx of Giza May 2015.JPG
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-<!-- Area    --------------------->| government_footnotes     =
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-| leader_title             = Governor
+| leader_title       = Governor
-| leader_name              = Ahmed Rashed<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_egypt/details/2022/8/30/2283325/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9|title=محافظ الجيزة يترأس اجتماع اللجنة التنفيذية للمبادرة الوطنية للمشروعات الخضراء الذكية|website=Masrawy|access-date=2 September 2022|archive-date=2 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902035440/https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_egypt/details/2022/8/30/2283325/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9|url-status=live}}</ref>
+| leader_name        = Ahmed Rashed<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_egypt/details/2022/8/30/2283325/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9|title=محافظ الجيزة يترأس اجتماع اللجنة التنفيذية للمبادرة الوطنية للمشروعات الخضراء الذكية|website=Masrawy|access-date=2 September 2022|archive-date=2 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902035440/https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_egypt/details/2022/8/30/2283325/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9|url-status=live}}</ref>
-| leader_title1            = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
+| leader_title1      = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
-| leader_name1             =
+| leader_name1       =
-| unit_pref                = Metric <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
+| unit_pref          = Metric <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
-| area_footnotes           = <ref name="citypopulation">{{cite web |title=Egypt: Governorates, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/egypt/cities/?cityid=566 |website=citypopulation.de |access-date=17 March 2023 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317020114/https://citypopulation.de/en/egypt/cities/?cityid=566 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+| area_footnotes     = <ref name="citypopulation">{{cite web |title=Egypt: Governorates, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/egypt/cities/?cityid=566 |website=citypopulation.de |access-date=17 March 2023 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317020114/https://citypopulation.de/en/egypt/cities/?cityid=566 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-| area_magnitude           =
+| area_magnitude     =
-| area_total_km2           = 98.4
+| area_total_km2     = 98.4
-| area_land_km2            = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
+| area_land_km2      = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
-<!-- Population   ----------------------->| elevation_footnotes      = <ref name="citypopulation" />
+<!-- Population   ----------------------->| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="citypopulation" />
-| elevation_m              = 30
+| elevation_m        = 30
-<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| population_total         = 4,367,343
+<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| population_total   = 4,458,135
-| population_urban         =
+| population_urban   =
-| population_as_of         = 2021
+| population_as_of   = 2023
-| population_footnotes     = <ref name="citypopulation" />
+| population_footnotes = <ref name="citypopulation" />
-| population_density_km2   = auto
+| population_density_km2 = auto
-| population_blank1_title  = [[Demonym]]
+| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
-| population_blank1        = Gizan, Gizanne
+| population_blank1  = Gizan (m), Gizanne (f)
-<!-- General information  --------------->| population_note          =
+<!-- General information  --------------->| population_note    =
-| postal_code_type         = Postal code
+| postal_code_type   = Postal code
-| postal_code              = 5-Digit
+| postal_code        = 5-Digit
-| area_code                = (+20) 2
+| area_code          = (+20) 2
-| website                  = [http://www.giza.gov.eg/English/default.aspx Giza.gov.eg]
+| website            = [http://www.giza.gov.eg/English/default.aspx Giza.gov.eg]
-| footnotes                =
+| footnotes          =
-| timezone                 = [[Egypt Standard Time|EST]]
+| timezone           = [[Egypt Standard Time|EST]]
-| utc_offset               = +2
+| utc_offset         = +2
-| timezone_DST             =
+| timezone_DST       =
-| utc_offset_DST           =
+| utc_offset_DST     =
-| official_name            =
+| official_name      =
 }}
-'''Giza''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|iː|z|ə}}; sometimes spelled ''Gizah, Gizeh, Geeza, Jiza''; {{lang-ar|الجيزة|al-Jīzah}}, {{IPA-ar|aljiːzah|pron}}, {{lang-arz|الجيزة}} ''{{transliteration|arz|el-Gīza}}'' {{IPA-arz|elˈgiːzæ|}})<ref>{{Citation|url=https://discoverdiscomfort.com/egyptian-arabic-place-names-monuments/|title=Egyptian Arabic Place Names and Monument Names|date=11 February 2019 |access-date=30 June 2023}}</ref> is the [[list of cities and towns in Egypt|third-largest city]] in [[Egypt]] by area after [[Cairo]] and [[Alexandria]]; and [[List of cities in Africa by population|fourth-largest city]] in Africa by [[population]] after [[Kinshasa]], [[Lagos]], and Cairo. It is the [[capital]] of [[Giza Governorate]] with a total population of 4,872,448 in the 2017 census.<ref name=":0" /> It is located on the west bank of the [[Nile]] opposite central [[Cairo]], and is a part of the [[Greater Cairo]] metropolis. Giza lies less than {{convert|30|km|2|abbr=on}} north of [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]] (''Men-nefer,'' today the village of Mit Rahina), which was the capital city of the unified Egyptian state during the reign of pharaoh [[Narmer]], roughly 3100 BC.
+'''Giza''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|iː|z|ə}}; sometimes spelled ''Gizah, Gizeh, Geeza, Jiza''; {{langx|ar|الجيزة|al-Jīzah}}, {{IPA|ar|ald͡ʒiːzah|pron}}, {{langx|arz|الجيزة}} ''{{transliteration|arz|el-Gīza}}'' {{IPA|arz|elˈgiːzæ|}})<ref>{{Citation|url=https://discoverdiscomfort.com/egyptian-arabic-place-names-monuments/|title=Egyptian Arabic Place Names and Monument Names|date=11 February 2019 |access-date=30 June 2023}}</ref> is the [[list of cities and towns in Egypt|third-largest city]] in [[Egypt]] by area after [[Cairo]] and [[Alexandria]]; and [[List of cities in Africa by population|fourth-largest city]] in Africa by population after [[Kinshasa]], [[Lagos]], and Cairo. It is the capital of [[Giza Governorate]] with a total population of 4,872,448 in the 2017 census.<ref name=":0" /> It is located on the west bank of the [[Nile]] opposite central Cairo, and is a part of the [[Greater Cairo]] metropolis. Giza lies less than {{convert|30|km|2|abbr=on}} north of [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]] (''Men-nefer,'' today the village of Mit Rahina), which was the capital city of the unified Egyptian state during the reign of pharaoh [[Narmer]], roughly 3100 BC.
 Giza is most famous as the location of the [[Giza Plateau]], the site of some of the most impressive ancient monuments in the world, including a complex of [[ancient Egypt]]ian royal mortuary and [[sacred]] structures, among which are the [[Great Sphinx]], the [[Great Pyramid of Giza]], and a number of other large [[pyramid]]s and temples. Giza has always been a focal point in Egypt's history due to its location close to Memphis, the ancient pharaonic capital of the [[Old Kingdom of Egypt|Old Kingdom]].
@@ Line 82: / Line 83: @@
 The city of Giza is the capital of the [[Giza Governorate]], and is located near the northeast border of this governorate.
-===2017 Population and administrative divisions===
+===2017 population and administrative divisions===
 Giza city is a municipal division and capital of Giza governorate with an appointed city head.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-02-11 |title="أبو النجا" يتفقد المراحل النهائية لتطوير نفق مشاه بميدان الجيزة |url=https://m.akhbarelyom.com/news/newdetails/2997491/1/-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%82%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=بوابة اخبار اليوم |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405210849/https://m.akhbarelyom.com/news/newdetails/2997491/1/-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%82%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1 |url-status=live }}</ref> It comprises nine [[district]]s (''ahya''<nowiki/>', singl. ''hayy'') and five [[Planned community|new towns]] ''(mudun jadidah)'' administered by the [[New Urban Communities Authority]] (NUCA).
@@ Line 175: / Line 176: @@
 |}
-== Geography and history ==
+== Geography and Climate==
 Giza's most famous landform and archaeological site, the [[Giza Plateau]], holds some major monuments of [[History of Egypt|Egyptian history]], and is home to the [[Great Sphinx]]. Once thriving with the [[Nile]] that flowed right into the Giza Plateau, the [[Giza Necropolis|pyramids of Giza]] were built overlooking the [[ancient Egyptian]] capital city of [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]], across the river from modern day Cairo. The Great Pyramid of Giza at one time was advocated (1884) as the location for the [[Prime Meridian]], a reference point used for determining a base longitude.<ref>''"The Canary Islands and the Question of the Prime Meridian: The Search for Precision in the Measurement of the Earth"'', Wilcomb E. Washburn. [http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/geo/WASHBR04.GEO link] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070529031631/http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/geo/WASHBR04.GEO |date=29 May 2007 }}</ref>
@@ Line 271: / Line 272: @@
 |source 2 = ''Voodoo Skies''<ref name="Voodoo Skies"/> for record temperatures
 }}
-*
 ==History==
@@ Line 282: / Line 282: @@
 ===Classical to medieval era===
 [[File:Description de l'Egypte - Etat Moderne - Pl 16.jpg|thumb|Giza and the bridge from [[Roda Island]] in {{circa|1800}} ''[[Description de l'Égypte]]'']]
-As ancient Egypt passed under several conquests under the Persians, Greeks, Romans and Byzantines, so did the area in what is now Giza. A Byzantine village named ''Phylake'' ({{Lang-el|Φυλακή}}) or ''Terso'' ({{Lang-cop|ϯⲣⲥⲱ}}, meaning "the fortress", now ''Tersa'') was located south of Giza and should not be confused with it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trismegistos.org/place/10908|title=TM Places|website=www.trismegistos.org|access-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418092737/https://www.trismegistos.org/place/10908|archive-date=18 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>موسوعة " القاموس الجغرافى للبلاد المصرية " – محمد رمزى بك (قسم ثانى ج3 – ص4): مركز وثائق وتاريخ مصر المعاصر الهيئة المصرية العامةللكتاب ط 1994
+As ancient Egypt passed under several conquests under the Persians, Greeks, Romans and Byzantines, so did the area in what is now Giza. A Byzantine village named ''Phylake'' ({{Langx|el|Φυλακή}}) or ''Terso'' ({{Langx|cop|ϯⲣⲥⲱ}}, meaning "the fortress", now ''Tersa'') was located south of Giza and should not be confused with it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trismegistos.org/place/10908|title=TM Places|website=www.trismegistos.org|access-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418092737/https://www.trismegistos.org/place/10908|archive-date=18 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>موسوعة " القاموس الجغرافى للبلاد المصرية " – محمد رمزى بك (قسم ثانى ج3 – ص4): مركز وثائق وتاريخ مصر المعاصر الهيئة المصرية العامةللكتاب ط 1994
 </ref><ref>جغرافية مصر في العصر القبطى – الفرنسى أميلينو : الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب2013 ترجمة ميخائيل مكسى إسكندر – استدراكات العلامة محمد رمزى على الكتاب في الجزء الثالث من ص 274: نشر المعهد العلمى الفرنسى
 </ref>
-[[Egyptians]] called the area '''Tipersis''' (Bohairic {{Lang-cop|ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ}}{{efn|Other forms are {{lang-cop|ⲧⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ}}, {{lang-cop|ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲟⲓ}}, {{lang-cop|ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲟⲥ}}, {{lang-cop|ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲱϯ}} and {{lang-cop|ⲡⲣⲥⲱⲓ}}}} and Sahidic {{Lang-cop|ⲧⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ|lit=the Persian (fortress) of [[Babylon fortress|Babylon]]}}).<ref>{{Cite book|title=La géographie de l'Egypte à l'époque copte|url=https://archive.org/details/lagographiedele00amgoog|last=Amélineau|first=Emile|publisher=Imprimerie nationale|year=1893|location=Paris|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lagographiedele00amgoog/page/n241 190]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trismegistos.org/place/50123|title=Trismegistos|website=www.trismegistos.org|access-date=22 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034757/http://www.trismegistos.org/place/50123|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stefan |first=Timm |title=Das christlich-koptische Agypten in arabischer Zeit |year=1988 |pages=1055}}</ref> [[Eutychius of Alexandria|Eutychius]] gives a legend the about city's name and its foundation by [[Artaxerxes III|Artaxerxes Ochus]], while Abu Salih says it was found by a Persian king Hūš at the same time as [[Babylon Fortress|Qasr ash-Sham]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Das christlich-koptische Agypten in arabischer Zeit (Teil 3 G-L)|last=Timm|first=Stefan|year=1985|location=Wiesbaden|pages=1058}}</ref> but in view of the fact that older evidence is missing, it is perhaps most likely to have been founded during the [[Sasanian conquest of Egypt]] in the early [[7th century]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Peust |first=Carsten |title=Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten |url=http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf |page=44 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
+[[Egyptians]] called the area '''Tipersis''' (Bohairic {{Langx|cop|ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ}}{{efn|Other forms are {{langx|cop|ⲧⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ}}, {{langx|cop|ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲟⲓ}}, {{langx|cop|ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲟⲥ}}, {{langx|cop|ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲱϯ}} and {{langx|cop|ⲡⲣⲥⲱⲓ}}}} and Sahidic {{Langx|cop|ⲧⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ|lit=the Persian (fortress) of [[Babylon fortress|Babylon]]}}).<ref>{{Cite book|title=La géographie de l'Egypte à l'époque copte|url=https://archive.org/details/lagographiedele00amgoog|last=Amélineau|first=Emile|publisher=Imprimerie nationale|year=1893|location=Paris|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lagographiedele00amgoog/page/n241 190]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trismegistos.org/place/50123|title=Trismegistos|website=www.trismegistos.org|access-date=22 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034757/http://www.trismegistos.org/place/50123|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stefan |first=Timm |title=Das christlich-koptische Agypten in arabischer Zeit |year=1988 |pages=1055}}</ref> [[Eutychius of Alexandria|Eutychius]] gives a legend about the city's name and its foundation by [[Artaxerxes III|Artaxerxes Ochus]] or Hūš ({{Langx|ar|خوش}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Evetts |first=B. T. A. |title=The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt and Some Neighbouring Countries |pages=177}}</ref> and Abu Salih says it was found by him at the same time as [[Babylon Fortress|Qasr ash-Sham]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Das christlich-koptische Agypten in arabischer Zeit (Teil 3 G-L)|last=Timm|first=Stefan|year=1985|location=Wiesbaden|pages=1058}}</ref> but in view of the fact that older evidence is missing, it is perhaps most likely to have been founded during the [[Sasanian conquest of Egypt]] in the early [[7th century]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Peust |first=Carsten |title=Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten |url=http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf |page=44 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
-As [[Muslims]] of the fledgling [[Islamic]] [[Rashidun Caliphate|caliphate]] went on with their conquest of Egypt from the Byzantine Empire beginning in 639 AD, three years after their victory at the [[battle of Yarmouk]] in 636 AD, they conquered all of the land by the time they [[Siege of Alexandria 641|captured]] the city of [[Alexandria]] in 641 AD. A year later in 642 AD ([[Hijri year|year]] 21 in Islamic calendar), they founded the city of Giza. The exact etymology of its name is unknown. [[Al-Maqrizi]] suggested an irregular Arameo-Arabic root meaning "edge, side" to be the source. Everett-Heath suggested {{Lang-egy|r-gs-ḥr}}  "on the side of the height (pyramid)". Peust also suggests a Persian etymology of the word from {{Lang-pal|𐭣𐭦|lit=fortress, castle|translit=diz}}, which Persians could have given to the pyramids or a fortress they found in the area.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten|url=http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf|last=Peust|first=Carsten|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
+As [[Muslims]] of the fledgling [[Islamic]] [[Rashidun Caliphate|caliphate]] went on with their conquest of Egypt from the Byzantine Empire beginning in 639 AD, three years after their victory at the [[battle of Yarmouk]] in 636 AD, they conquered all of the land by the time they [[Siege of Alexandria 641|captured]] the city of [[Alexandria]] in 641 AD. A year later in 642 AD ([[Hijri year|year]] 21 in Islamic calendar), they founded the city of Giza. The exact etymology of its name is unknown. [[Al-Maqrizi]] suggested an irregular Arameo-Arabic root meaning "edge, side" to be the source. Everett-Heath suggested {{Langx|egy|r-gs-ḥr}}  "on the side of the height (pyramid)". Peust also suggests a Persian etymology of the word from {{Langx|pal|𐭣𐭦|lit=fortress, castle|translit=diz}}, which Persians could have given to the pyramids or a fortress they found in the area.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten|url=http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf|last=Peust|first=Carsten|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ==Infrastructure==
@@ Line 302: / Line 302: @@
 Giza shares with Cairo [[Cairo Metro|a subway system]], officially called the "Metro (مترو)", a fast and efficient way of getting around. An extensive road network connects Giza with [[6th of October City]], Cairo and other cities. There are flyovers and bridges such as the 15th. Traffic in Giza is known to be overwhelming and overcrowded.
-There are other means of transport, like:
+Other means of transport include:
 * Cairo Taxi
-* [[Uber]] ''(Available in Cairo and Giza since 2015)''<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.uber.com/en-EG/blog/ya-om-el-donia-your-uber-has-just-arrived-cairo/| title=Ya Om El Donia. Your Uber Has Just Arrived, Cairo! – Uber Blog| date=20 November 2014| work=[[Uber]]| access-date=9 September 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721120657/https://www.uber.com/en-EG/blog/ya-om-el-donia-your-uber-has-just-arrived-cairo| archive-date=21 July 2018| url-status=live| df=dmy-all}}</ref>
+* [[Uber]] (available in Cairo and Giza since 2015)<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.uber.com/en-EG/blog/ya-om-el-donia-your-uber-has-just-arrived-cairo/| title=Ya Om El Donia. Your Uber Has Just Arrived, Cairo! – Uber Blog| date=20 November 2014| work=[[Uber]]| access-date=9 September 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721120657/https://www.uber.com/en-EG/blog/ya-om-el-donia-your-uber-has-just-arrived-cairo| archive-date=21 July 2018| url-status=live| df=dmy-all}}</ref>
-* [[Careem]] ''(Available in Cairo and Giza since 2015)''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.careem.com/cairo|title=Ride or Drive with Careem in Cairo, Egypt – Careem|website=Careem.com|access-date=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212120700/http://www.careem.com/cairo|archive-date=12 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
+* [[Careem]] (available in Cairo and Giza since 2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.careem.com/cairo|title=Ride or Drive with Careem in Cairo, Egypt – Careem|website=Careem.com|access-date=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212120700/http://www.careem.com/cairo|archive-date=12 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
-* [[Swvl]] ''(Available in Cairo and Giza since 2017) (A new concept of shared rides within Egypt). ''
+* [[Swvl]] (available in Cairo and Giza since 2017)
-*Water Taxis (Motorized [[Felucca]]s) available for transport to nearby places along the Nile River
+* [[Water taxi]]s (motorized [[felucca]]s) available for transport to nearby places along the Nile River
 ==Economy==
@@ Line 344: / Line 344: @@
 <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
 *[[Amr Abou El Seoud]] (born 1968), bank CEO
+*[[Maher El-Kady]] (born 1983), scientist, known for his work in nanotechnology, particularly in graphene-based materials, energy storage, and advanced materials.
 ==See also==
@@ Line 381: / Line 382: @@
 [[Category:Giza Plateau]]
 [[Category:Governorate capitals in Egypt]]
-[[Category:Metropolitan areas of Egypt]]
+[[Category:Greater Cairo]]
 [[Category:Populated places established in the 7th century]]
 [[Category:Populated places in Giza Governorate]]

v t e Giza
History	Battle of the Pyramids (1798) 2011 Imbaba church attacks 2022 church fire
Geography	Giza Plateau
Districts	Agouza Dokki Imbaba Mohandessin
Landmarks	Pyramid complex Great Pyramid Pyramid of Khafre Pyramid of Menkaure Great Sphinx
Education	Cairo University Cairo Japanese School Deutsche Evangelische Oberschule El Alsson School Green Land International Schools

v t e Cities and towns in Egypt
Cairo Governorate	Cairo
Giza Governorate	Giza, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed City, El Hawamdeya, El Badrashein, El Saff, Atfih, El Ayyat, Bawiti, Manshiyat al Qanater, Awsim, Kerdasa, Abu El Numrus
Qalyubia Governorate	Benha, Qalyub, Shubra El Kheima, El Qanater El Khayreya, Khanka, Kafr Shukr, Toukh, Qaha, Obour City, Khusus, Shibin El Qanater, Saryaqos, El Kulzom
Alexandria Governorate	Alexandria, Borg El Arab, New Borg El Arab
Beheira Governorate	Damanhur, Kafr El Dawwar, Rosetta, Edku, Abu El Matamir, Abu Hummus, El Delengat, El Mahmoudiyah, El Rahmaniya, Itay El Barud, Hosh Issa, Shubra Khit, Koum Hamada, Badr, Wadi El Natrun, New Nubariya
Matrouh Governorate	Mersa Matruh, El Hamam, El Alamein, El Dabaa, El Negaila, Sidi Barrani, Sallum, Siwa Oasis
Damietta Governorate	Damietta, New Damietta, Ras El Bar, Faraskur, Kafr Saad, El Zarqa, Assarw, Arrawda, Kafr El Battikh, Ezbet El Borg, Mit Abu Ghaleb
Dakahlia Governorate	Mansoura, Talkha, Mit Ghamr, Dekernes, Aga, Minyat An-Nasr, El Senbellawein, El Kurdi, Bani Ebaid, El Manzala, Temay El Amdeed, El Gammalia, Sherbin, El Matareya, Dakahlia, Belqas, Mit Salsil, Gamasa, Mahallat Damana, Nabaruh
Kafr El Sheikh Governorate	Kafr El Sheikh, Desouk, Fuwwah, Metoubes, Baltim, El Hamool, Biyala, El Reyad, Sidi Salem, Qallin, Sidi Ghazi, Borg El Burulus
Gharbia Governorate	Tanta, El Mahalla El Kubra, Kafr Az-Zayyat, Zefta, El Santa, Qutur, Basyoun, Sebennytos
Monufia Governorate	Shibin El Kom, Sadat (city), Menouf, Sirs Al-Layyan, Ashmoun, El Bagour, Quesna, Birket El Sab, Tala, Shuhada
Sharqia Governorate	Zagazig, 10th of Ramadan (city), Minya El Qamh, Bilbeis, Mashtool El Souk, Al-Qinayat, Abu Hammad, El Qurein, Hihya, Abu Kebir, Faqous, El Salheya El Gedida, El Ibrahimiya, Diyarb Negm, Kafr Saqr, Awlad Saqr, El Husseiniya, Tanis, Minshat Abu Omar, Qantir
Port Said Governorate	Port Said, Port Fuad
Ismailia Governorate	Ismailia, Fayed, El Qantara, Tell El Kebir, Abu Suwir, Kassassin
Suez Governorate	Suez
North Sinai Governorate	Arish, Sheikh Zuweid, Rafah, Bir al-Abd, El Hasana, Nekhel
South Sinai Governorate	El Tor, Sharm El Sheikh, Dahab, Nuweiba, Taba, Saint Catherine, Abou Redis, Abu Zenima, Ras Sedr
Beni Suef Governorate	Beni Suef, New Beni Suef, Al Wasta, Nasser, Heracleopolis Magna, Biba, Sumusta, El Fashn
Faiyum Governorate	Faiyum, New Faiyum, Tamiya, Sinnuris, Itsa, Ibsheway, Yousef El Seddik
Minya Governorate	Minya, New Minya, El Idwa, Maghagha, Beni Mazar, Matai, Samalut, Mallawi, Dir Mawas, Aba al-Waqf, Dir Mawas, Dalga, Bahnasa, Idmo, Tuna el-Gebel, Al Madinah Al Fikriyyah
Asyut Governorate	Asyut, New Asyut, Dairut, Dayrut al-Sharif, Manfalut, El Quseyya, Abnub, Abu Tig, El Ghanayem, Sahel Selim, El Badari, Sidfa, Manqabad, Musha
New Valley Governorate	El Kharga, Baris, Mut, Farafra, Balat, Abu Minqar
Red Sea Governorate	Hurghada, Ras Ghareb, Safaga, El Qoseir, Marsa Alam, Shalateen, Halayeb
Sohag Governorate	Sohag, New Sohag, Akhmim, New Akhmim, El Balyana, El Maragha, Ptolemais Hermiou, Dar El Salam, Girga, West Juhayna, Saqultah, Tima, Tahta
Qena Governorate	Qena, New Qena, Abu Tesht, Nag Hammadi, Dishna, El Waqf, Qift, Naqada, Qus, Farshut, Shaarani
Luxor Governorate	Luxor, New Luxor, New Thebes, Zainiya, Bayadiya, Kurna, Armant, El-Tod, Esna, Medamud
Aswan Governorate	Aswan, New Aswan, Daraw, Kom Ombo, Nasr Al-Nuba, Kalabsha, Edfu, Radisia, Busylia, Sebaiya, Abu Simbel
Capital cities are in bold font.

v t e Egyptian cities by population
1,000,000 and more	Alexandria Cairo Helwan Giza Shubra El Kheima
300,000–999,999	Asyut Bilbeis Damietta Faiyum Imbaba Ismailia El Mahalla El Kubra Kom Ombo Mansoura Luxor Port Said Suez Tanta Zagazig
100,000–299,999	6th of October Arish Aswan Benha Beni Suef Damanhur Desouk Edfu Hurghada Kafr El Dawwar Kafr El Sheikh Mallawi Minya New Borg El Arab New Cairo Obour Qena Shibin El Kom Sohag
<99,999	Abydos Ain Sokhna Akhmim Dahab Dakhla Dendera Dekernes El Alamein El Gouna Esna Port Fuad Hamrah Dom Hala'ib Kharga Marsa Alam Marsa Matruh Nag Hammadi New Nubariya Nuweiba Rosetta Sadat Safaga Saint Catherine Siwa Sharm El Sheikh Taba Talkha

v t e Ancient Egypt topics
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