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{{Short description|Turkish Sufi and folk poet (1238–1320)}}
{{Short description|Turkish Sufi and folk poet (1238–1320)}}
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox religious biography
{{Infobox religious biography
| era = [[Anatolian beyliks]]
| era = 13th–14th centuries
| name = Yunus Emre
| name = Yûnus Emre
| native_name = يونس امره
| native_name = يونس امره
| native_name_lang = otm
| native_name_lang = otm
| image = Karaman Yunus Emre monument 4725.jpg
| image = Karaman Yunus Emre monument 4725.jpg
| caption = Statue of Yunus Emre in Karaman, Turkey
| caption = Statue of Yûnus Emre in Karaman, Turkey
| honorific-prefix =
| honorific-prefix =
| birth_date = 1238
| birth_date = 1238
Line 13: Line 14:
| death_place = [[Yunusemre, Mihalıçcık|Yunusemre]] (formerly Saru), [[Rise of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Beylik]], now [[Turkey]]
| death_place = [[Yunusemre, Mihalıçcık|Yunusemre]] (formerly Saru), [[Rise of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Beylik]], now [[Turkey]]
| father =
| father =
| ethnicity = [[Turkish people|Turkish]]
| ethnicity =
| period = 13th and 14th century
| period = 13th and 14th century
| known_for = [[Sufism]], [[Diwan (poetry)|Diwan]] in [[Old Anatolian Turkish]]
| known_for = [[Sufism]], [[Diwan (poetry)|Diwan]] in [[Old Anatolian Turkish]]
| works =
| works =
| influences = [[Tapduk Emre]], [[Rumi]], [[Ahmed Yesevi]], [[Haji Bektash Veli]], [[Ahi Evren]], [[Sarı Saltık]],
| influences = [[Tapduk Emre]], [[Rumi]], [[Ahmed Yesevi]], [[Haji Bektash Veli]], [[Ahi Evren]], [[Sarı Saltık]]
| influenced =
| influenced =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
}}
}}
⚫
'''Yunus Emre''' ({{IPA|tr|juːˈnus emˈɾe}}) also known as '''Derviş Yûnus''' (Yûnus the [[Dervish]]) (1238–1320) ([[Old Anatolian Turkish]]: يونس امره)
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
⚫
was a [[Turkish people|Turkish]] [[folk poetry|folk poet]] and [[Sufism|Sufi]] who greatly influenced Turkish culture. The [[UNESCO]] General Conference unanimously passed a resolution declaring 1991, the 750th anniversary of the poet's birth, International Yunus Emre Year.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rapture and Revolution|last=Halman|first=Talat|publisher=Syracusa University Press, Crescent Hill Publications|year=2007|pages=316}}</ref>
⚫
'''Yunus Emre''' ({{IPA-tr|juˈnus emˈɾe}}) also known as '''Derviş Yunus''' (Yunus the [[Dervish]]) (1238–1328) ([[Old Anatolian Turkish]]: يونس امره)
⚫
was a [[Turkish people|Turkish]] [[folk poetry|folk poet]] and [[Islam|Islamic]] [[Sufism|Sufi]] [[mysticism|mystic]] who greatly influenced [[Turkish culture]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Yunus-Emre |title=Encyclopædia Britannica (2007) |encyclopedia=Britannica.com |access-date=2015-11-13}}</ref> His name, ''Yunus'', is the Muslim equivalent to the English name ''[[Jonah (given name)|Jonah]]''. He wrote in [[Old Anatolian Turkish]], an early stage of [[Turkish language|Turkish]]. The UNESCO General Conference unanimously passed a resolution declaring 1991, the 750th anniversary of the poet's birth, International Yunus Emre Year.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rapture and Revolution|last=Halman|first=Talat|publisher=Syracusa University Press, Crescent Hill Publications|year=2007|pages=316}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
{{Sufism|Notable early}}
{{Sufism|Notable early}}
Yunus Emre has exercised immense influence on [[Turkish literature]] from his own day until the present, because Yunus Emre is, after [[Ahmed Yesevi]] and [[Sultan Walad]], one of the first known poets to have composed works in the spoken [[Turkish language|Turkish]] of his own age and region rather than in [[Persian language|Persian]] or [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. His diction remains very close to the popular speech of the people in Central and Western [[Anatolia]]. This is also the language of a number of anonymous folk-poets, folk-songs, fairy tales, riddles (''tekerlemeler''), and proverbs.
Yunus Emre has exercised immense influence on Turkish literature, because Yunus Emre is, after [[Ahmed Yesevi]] and [[Sultan Walad]], one of the first known poets to have composed works in the spoken [[Old Anatolian Turkish]]. His diction remains very close to the popular speech of the people in Central and Western [[Anatolia]]. This is also the language of a number of anonymous folk-poets, folk-songs, fairy tales, riddles (''Hayran''), and proverbs.


Like the [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] ''[[Book of Dede Korkut]]'', an older and anonymous [[Central Asia]]n epic, the Turkish folklore that inspired Yunus Emre in his occasional use of ''tekerlemeler'' as a poetic device had been handed down orally to him and his contemporaries. This strictly oral tradition continued for a long while.<ref>Edouard Roditi. "Western and Eastern Themes in the Poetry of Yunus Emre", ''Journal of Comparative Poetics'', No. 5, The Mystical Dimension in Literature (Spring, 1985), p. 27</ref> Following the [[Mongol Empire|Mongolian]] invasion of [[Anatolia]], facilitated by the [[Sultanate of Rûm]]'s defeat at the 1243 [[Battle of Köse Dağ]], Islamic mystic literature thrived in Anatolia; Yunus Emre became one of its most distinguished poets. The poetry of Yunus Emre — despite being fairly simple on the surface — evidences his skill in describing quite abstruse mystical concepts in a clear way. He remains a popular figure in a number of countries, stretching from [[Azerbaijan]] to the [[Balkans]], with seven different and widely dispersed localities disputing the privilege of having his tomb within their boundaries. Yunus Emre's most important book is ''Risaletu’n Nushiyye''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enkucuk.com/yunus-emrenin-eserleri/|title=Yunus Emre'nin Eserleri|date=2018-01-21|website=Enkucuk.com|language=tr|access-date=2020-04-24}}</ref>
Like the [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] ''[[Book of Dede Korkut]]'', an older and anonymous [[Central Asia]]n epic, the [[Persian folklore]] that inspired Yunus Emre in his occasional use of ''Hayran'' as a poetic device had been handed down orally to him and his contemporaries. This strictly oral tradition continued for a long while.<ref>Edouard Roditi. "Western and Eastern Themes in the Poetry of Yunus Emre", ''Journal of Comparative Poetics'', No. 5, The Mystical Dimension in Literature (Spring, 1985), p. 27</ref> Following the [[Mongol Empire|Mongolian]] invasion of [[Anatolia]], facilitated by the [[Sultanate of Rûm]]'s defeat at the 1243 [[Battle of Köse Dağ]], Islamic mystic literature thrived in Anatolia; Yunus Emre became one of its most distinguished poets. He remains a popular figure in a number of countries, stretching from [[Azerbaijan]] to the [[Balkans]], with seven different and widely dispersed localities disputing the privilege of having his tomb within their boundaries. Yunus Emre's most important book is ''Risaletu’n Nushiyye''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enkucuk.com/yunus-emrenin-eserleri/|title=Yunus Emre'nin Eserleri|date=2018-01-21|website=Enkucuk.com|language=tr|access-date=2020-04-24}}</ref>{{Opinion|date=April 2024}}

Yunus is the Arabic rooted name for [[Jonah]].


His poems, written in the tradition of [[Turkish folk literature|Anatolian folk poetry]], mainly concern [[divine love]] as well as [[Predestination in Islam|human destiny]]:
His poems, written in the tradition of [[Turkish folk literature|Anatolian folk poetry]], mainly concern [[divine love]] as well as [[Predestination in Islam|human destiny]]:
{{Verse translation|
{{Verse translation|
Yunus'dur benim adım
''Yunus'dur benim adım''
Gün geçtikçe artar odum
''Gün geçtikçe artar odum''
İki cihanda maksûdum
''İki cihanda maksûdum''
Bana seni gerek seni.<ref>Cevdet Kudret. ''Yunus Emre''. Ankara: İnkılâp Kitabevi, 2003. {{ISBN|975-10-2006-9}}, p. 58</ref>
''Bana seni gerek seni.''<ref>Cevdet Kudret. ''Yunus Emre''. Ankara: İnkılâp Kitabevi, 2003. {{ISBN|975-10-2006-9}}, p. 58</ref>
|
|
My name is Yunus,
My name is Yunus,
Each passing day fans and rouses my flame,
Each passing day fans and rouses my flame,
What I desire in both worlds is the same:
What I desire in both worlds is the same:
You're the one I need, you're the one I crave.<ref>Grace Martin Smith. ''The Poetry of Yūnus Emre, A Turkish Sufi Poet''. Berkeley and Los Angeles: [[University of California Press]], 1993. {{ISBN|0-520-09781-5}}, p. 124</ref>}}
You're the One I need, You're the One I crave.<ref>Grace Martin Smith. ''The Poetry of Yūnus Emre, A Turkish Sufi Poet''. Berkeley and Los Angeles: [[University of California Press]], 1993. {{ISBN|0-520-09781-5}}, p. 124</ref>}}
⚫
and a poem about [[Muhammad]], [[Ali ibn Abu Talib|Ali]], [[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]] and [[Hussein ibn Ali|Husayn]]:
and
{{Verse translation|
<blockquote><poem>''Araya araya bulsam izini''
''Araya araya bulsam izini''
''İzinin tozuna sürsem yüzümü''
''İzinin tozuna sürsem yüzümü''
''Hak nasip eylese, görsem yüzünü''
''Hak nasip eylese, görsem yüzünü''
Line 62: Line 65:
''Arayı arayı gurbet illerde''
''Arayı arayı gurbet illerde''
''Ya Muhammed canım arzular seni''
''Ya Muhammed canım arzular seni''
|
By constantly searching, I would find the trace of you
I would rub my face in the dust of your trace
If God would grant me, I would see your face
O Muhammad, my soul desires you


If there was a blessed journey I would go
⚫
(Poem about [[Muhammad]], [[Ali ibn Abu Talib|Ali]], [[Hassan ibn Ali|Hassan]] and [[Hussein ibn Ali|Hussein]].)</poem></blockquote>
Sink in the sand on the way to the Kaaba I would
Watch your beauty once in a dream I would
O Muhammad, my soul loves you so

Ali, and Hasan and Husayn at the same time
Their love is in the heart, fondness in the soul
On the Day of Resurrection, in the Court of the Truth tomorrow
O Muhammad, my soul loves you so

"Yunus" praises you on tongues
On tongues, on tongues, and also in hearts
By constantly searching in foreign parts
O Muhammad, my soul desires you
}}


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
Yunus Emre was the focus of ''[[Yunus Emre: Askin Yolculugu]]'', a two-season 44-episode fictional drama based on the his life, premiering in 2015 on Turkish National Television ([[TRT 1|TRT]]), created by [[Mehmet Bozdağ]], and starring Gökhan Atalay as Yunus Emre. Yunus Emre has also been the focus of a film and a song; his representations in popular culture include:
Yunus Emre was the focus of ''[[Yunus Emre: Askin Yolculugu]]'', a two-season 44-episode fictional drama based on his life, premiering in 2015 on Turkish National Television ([[TRT 1|TRT]]), created by [[Mehmet Bozdağ]], and starring Gökhan Atalay as Yunus Emre. Yunus Emre has also been the focus of a film and a song; his representations in popular culture include:
* ''[[Yunus Emre: Askin Yolculugu]]'' - A two-season 44-episode fictional drama based on the life of Yunus Emre, premiering in 2015 on Turkish National Television ([[TRT 1|TRT]]).
* ''[[Yunus Emre: Askin Yolculugu]]'' – A two-season 44-episode fictional drama based on the life of Yunus Emre, premiering in 2015 on Turkish National Television ([[TRT 1|TRT]]).
* ''Yunus Emre: Aşkın Sesi'' - A 2014 Turkish film based on Yunus Emre's life starring [[Devrim Evin]] in the lead role.
* ''Yunus Emre: Aşkın Sesi'' – A 2014 Turkish film based on Yunus Emre's life starring [[Devrim Evin]] in the lead role.
* ''Adımız Miskindir Bizim'' - A 1973 psychedelic [[folk-rock]] song by [[MFÖ|Mazhar ve Fuat]], with lyrics belongs to Yunus Emre.
* ''Adımız Miskindir Bizim'' – A 1973 psychedelic [[folk-rock]] song by [[MFÖ|Mazhar ve Fuat]], with lyrics belongs to Yunus Emre.
* ''Yûnus Emre Divânı 1''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/78EAEQBhGy8tUAFpx90tRk/|title=Yûnus Emre Divânı 1|date=2021|website=spotify.co|language=tr|access-date=2023-04-09}}</ref> – A 2021 album based on four poems: ''Şükür Şükür Ol Çalab'a, Hak'dan Gelen Şerbeti, Cânlar Cânını Buldum and Biz Dünyadan Gider Olduk'' by Yunus Emre was produced by the group [[An'dan İçeri]], with music from Turkish composer [[Tuncay Korkmaz]].

== International legacy ==
In [[Ashgabat]] (Turkmenistan),a street was named after Yunus Emre and three monuments were erected (in the Parahat-1 microdistrict, in the [[Inspiration Park]] and in the Magtymguly Park<ref>{{cite web | url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/en/post/84252/literary-voyage-through-magtymguly-fragi-cultural-and-park-complex | title=Literary voyage through the Magtymguly Fragi cultural and park complex | date=29 May 2024 }}</ref>).


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:200 Türk Lirası reverse.jpg|Reverse of the 200-[[Turkish lira|lira]] banknote (2009)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/|title=Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey|access-date=20 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615060512/http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/|archive-date=15 June 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E9/200tle.htm|title=E 9 - Two Hundred Turkish Lira I. Series|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref>
File:200 Türk Lirası reverse.jpg|Reverse of the 200-[[Turkish lira|lira]] banknote (2009)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/|title=Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey|access-date=20 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615060512/http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/|archive-date=15 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E9/200tle.htm|title=E 9 – Two Hundred Turkish Lira I. Series|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref>
File:Image-Yunus-Emre-Brunnen Wien-02.jpg|Detail of the Yunus Emre Fountain in the {{ill|Türkenschanzpark|de}}, [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]
File:Image-Yunus-Emre-Brunnen Wien-02.jpg|Detail of the Yunus Emre Fountain in the {{ill|Türkenschanzpark|de}}, [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]
File:Yunus Emre Memorial, Karaman, Turkey.jpg|Yunus Emre Memorial, [[Karaman, Turkey|Karaman]], [[Turkey]]
File:Yunus Emre Memorial, Karaman, Turkey.jpg|Yunus Emre Memorial, [[Karaman, Turkey|Karaman]], [[Turkey]]
Line 81: Line 107:
==See also==
==See also==
* [[Sufism]]
* [[Sufism]]
* [[Turkish folk literature]]
* [[Karacaoğlan]]
* [[Karacaoğlan]]
* [[Anthologies]]
* [[Anthologies]]
Line 95: Line 122:
==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
* Turkish television series (2015-), episode list at IMDB: [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4833638/episodes?season=1 Season 1, episodes 1-22] & [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4833638/episodes?season=2 Season 2, episodes 1-22, 23]
* Turkish television series (2015-), [https://historinhasparadormir.com/ episode list at IMDb: [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4833638/episodes?season=1 Season 1, episodes 1-22] & [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4833638/episodes?season=2 Season 2, episodes 1-22, 23]
* [http://www.lightmillennium.org/summer_fall_01/yunus_emre_humanism.html Yunus Emre's Humanism]
* [http://www.lightmillennium.org/summer_fall_01/yunus_emre_humanism.html Yunus Emre's Humanism]
* [http://www.stwing.upenn.edu/~durduran/yunus/yunus4.html Yunus Emre & Humanism (short)]
* [http://www.stwing.upenn.edu/~durduran/yunus/yunus4.html Yunus Emre & Humanism (short)]
Line 102: Line 129:


{{Literature of Turkey}}
{{Literature of Turkey}}
{{Sufi}}
{{Islamic philosophy|state=expanded}}
{{Islamic philosophy|state=expanded}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Emre, Yunus}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Emre, Yunus}}
[[Category:Turkish poets]]
[[Category:Turkish poets]]
[[Category:1240 births]]
[[Category:1238 births]]
[[Category:1321 deaths]]
[[Category:1321 deaths]]
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Turkish-language writers]]
[[Category:Turkish Sufis]]
[[Category:Turkish Sufis]]
[[Category:Sufi poets]]
[[Category:Sufi poets]]

Latest revision as of 02:01, 13 November 2024

Yûnus Emre
يونس امره
Statue of Yûnus Emre in Karaman, Turkey
Personal
Born1238
Sarıköy near Sivrihisar,[1][2] Sultanate of Rum, now Turkey
Died1320
Yunusemre (formerly Saru), Ottoman Beylik, now Turkey
ReligionIslam
Era13th–14th centuries
Known forSufism, Diwan in Old Anatolian Turkish
Muslim leader
Period in office13th and 14th century
Influenced by

Yunus Emre (Turkish pronunciation: [juːˈnus emˈɾe]) also known as Derviş Yûnus (Yûnus the Dervish) (1238–1320) (Old Anatolian Turkish: يونس امره) was a Turkish folk poet and Sufi who greatly influenced Turkish culture. The UNESCO General Conference unanimously passed a resolution declaring 1991, the 750th anniversary of the poet's birth, International Yunus Emre Year.[3]

Biography

[edit]
Part of a series on Islam
Sufism
Tomb of Abdul Qadir Gilani, Baghdad, Iraq
Ideas
Practices
Sufi orders
List of sufis
Topics in Sufism
Islam portal

Yunus Emre has exercised immense influence on Turkish literature, because Yunus Emre is, after Ahmed Yesevi and Sultan Walad, one of the first known poets to have composed works in the spoken Old Anatolian Turkish. His diction remains very close to the popular speech of the people in Central and Western Anatolia. This is also the language of a number of anonymous folk-poets, folk-songs, fairy tales, riddles (Hayran), and proverbs.

Like the Oghuz Book of Dede Korkut, an older and anonymous Central Asian epic, the Persian folklore that inspired Yunus Emre in his occasional use of Hayran as a poetic device had been handed down orally to him and his contemporaries. This strictly oral tradition continued for a long while.[4] Following the Mongolian invasion of Anatolia, facilitated by the Sultanate of Rûm's defeat at the 1243 Battle of Köse Dağ, Islamic mystic literature thrived in Anatolia; Yunus Emre became one of its most distinguished poets. He remains a popular figure in a number of countries, stretching from Azerbaijan to the Balkans, with seven different and widely dispersed localities disputing the privilege of having his tomb within their boundaries. Yunus Emre's most important book is Risaletu’n Nushiyye.[5][opinion]

Yunus is the Arabic rooted name for Jonah.

His poems, written in the tradition of Anatolian folk poetry, mainly concern divine love as well as human destiny:

and a poem about Muhammad, Ali, Hasan and Husayn:

[edit]

Yunus Emre was the focus of Yunus Emre: Askin Yolculugu, a two-season 44-episode fictional drama based on his life, premiering in 2015 on Turkish National Television (TRT), created by Mehmet Bozdağ, and starring Gökhan Atalay as Yunus Emre. Yunus Emre has also been the focus of a film and a song; his representations in popular culture include:

  • Yunus Emre: Askin Yolculugu – A two-season 44-episode fictional drama based on the life of Yunus Emre, premiering in 2015 on Turkish National Television (TRT).
  • Yunus Emre: Aşkın Sesi – A 2014 Turkish film based on Yunus Emre's life starring Devrim Evin in the lead role.
  • Adımız Miskindir Bizim – A 1973 psychedelic folk-rock song by Mazhar ve Fuat, with lyrics belongs to Yunus Emre.
  • Yûnus Emre Divânı 1[8] – A 2021 album based on four poems: Şükür Şükür Ol Çalab'a, Hak'dan Gelen Şerbeti, Cânlar Cânını Buldum and Biz Dünyadan Gider Olduk by Yunus Emre was produced by the group An'dan İçeri, with music from Turkish composer Tuncay Korkmaz.

International legacy

[edit]

In Ashgabat (Turkmenistan),a street was named after Yunus Emre and three monuments were erected (in the Parahat-1 microdistrict, in the Inspiration Park and in the Magtymguly Park[9]).

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Güzel, Oğuz & Karatay 2002, p. 672.
  2. ^ Ambros 2002, p. 349.
  3. ^ Halman, Talat (2007). Rapture and Revolution. Syracusa University Press, Crescent Hill Publications. p. 316.
  4. ^ Edouard Roditi. "Western and Eastern Themes in the Poetry of Yunus Emre", Journal of Comparative Poetics, No. 5, The Mystical Dimension in Literature (Spring, 1985), p. 27
  5. ^ "Yunus Emre'nin Eserleri". Enkucuk.com (in Turkish). 21 January 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  6. ^ Cevdet Kudret. Yunus Emre. Ankara: İnkılâp Kitabevi, 2003. ISBN 975-10-2006-9, p. 58
  7. ^ Grace Martin Smith. The Poetry of Yūnus Emre, A Turkish Sufi Poet. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993. ISBN 0-520-09781-5, p. 124
  8. ^ "Yûnus Emre Divânı 1". spotify.co (in Turkish). 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  9. ^ "Literary voyage through the Magtymguly Fragi cultural and park complex". 29 May 2024.
  10. ^ "Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey". Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  11. ^ "E 9 – Two Hundred Turkish Lira I. Series". Retrieved 20 September 2014.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yunus Emre.
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