Beckley Park: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|16th-century stately home near the village of Beckley in Oxfordshire, England}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}} |
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{{more footnotes needed|date=November 2018}} |
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[[Image:Beckley Park.jpg|thumb|Beckley Park, Oxfordshire]] |
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[[Image:Beckley 1930s.jpg|thumb|Beckley Park in the 1930s]] |
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Beckley Park has been said to be considered the most atmospheric and rewarding garden in the whole of a county richly endowed with historic gardens. |
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It was built in {{Start date and age|1540|p=y}} by Lord Williams of Thame, who also built a great house at [[Rycote]], a few miles away. It was originally built as a lodge for use when the lord and a party hunted the great park. |
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It is, for a start, extraordinarily remote in feeling for a place only a few miles from Oxford city. A long, rough track, which could never be described as a drive, leads across the fields below Beckley village to a gauntly beautiful house that looks and reads like a construct for one of Iris Murdoch's wilder novels . That a place touched by a perverse and tragic love affair from that most doomed reign of the Middle Ages, Edward Il's twenty strife-torn years from 1307-27, should also have an even earlier Saxon association, seems almost too much to ask from a historic garden. But it was the Saxon 'Beccaule' which King Alfred bequeathed to his kinsman Osferth in his last will and testament, thus setting a pattern of passage, not from father to son in the usual manner, but of gifting from friend to friend as a rare treasure. After the Norman Conquest, Beckley became the capital seat of the so-called Honour of St Valery. Robert d'Oilly gave it to his friend Roger d'Ivry, a luxury toy for the pleasure of a favourite. The lodge has its feet in the last solid, or semi-solid, ground at the edge of Otmoor, a fenland which would at that time have teemed with marsh fowl for hawking and eels and fish for profit. |
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Today it is the home of [[Amanda Feilding]] and the main headquarters of her [[Beckley Foundation]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/sep/15/beckley-park-thinktank-legalise-cannabis | title=The Tudor pile that's home to a thinktank set on shaking up Britain's drug laws | website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=14 September 2013 }}</ref> which is doing research on the benefits of certain types of drugs, including [[cannabis]] and [[LSD]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Amanda Feilding: 'LSD can get deep down and reset the brain – like shaking up a snow globe'|date=10 February 2019|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/feb/10/amanda-feilding-lsd-can-reset-the-brain-interview|work=The Guardian|access-date=2 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="bloomberg_2019-04-01">{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-04-01/the-countess-of-cannabis-has-a-hole-in-her-head-and-a-job-with-canopy|title=The Countess of Cannabis|date=1 April 2019|publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]|access-date=2 April 2019}}</ref> Feilding is married to [[James Charteris, 13th Earl of Wemyss]], who is the owner of [[Stanway House]] in [[Gloucestershire]] and [[Gosford House]] in Scotland. |
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Roger d'Ivry died in 1112 and another owner, Bernard St Valery, died on crusade at the siege of Acre in 1190 putting the property back in the royal gift. In 1230 King Henry III gave it to his brother, the ambitious Earl Richard of Cornwall - who would be crowned King of the Romans in Aachen Cathedral in 1257, though he never quite became Holy Roman Emperor. Edward II gave Beckley to Gaveston. |
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The [[Tudor architecture|Tudor]] brick edifice of the house is encircled by three moats which attest to the place's importance in former days. Beckley Park remained with the descendants of Lord Williams, the [[Earl of Abingdon|Earls of Abingdon]], until 1920 when it was bought by [[Clotilde Kate Brewster|Clotilde Kate Feilding]], grandmother of Amanda Feilding, Lady Neidpath. It is situated between Beckley and [[Otmoor]] just outside Oxford. |
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When the outraged barons captured Gaveston at Deddington and had him murdered at Kenilworth Castle, King Edward gave Beckley to another favourite, Hugh le Despencer. In the next reign the property went to the Black Prince with the poet Geoffrey Chaucer's kinsman, Thomas Chaucer, as its steward. The role of famous names is some indication of how much Beckley was valued, but what is most satisfying is that records stating which of all these owners dug out the three moats on the Otmoor, garden side of the house and the two moats on the entrance side survive in the royal accounts. In 1373 the Black Prince gave the manor of Beckley, together with the hunting lodge, to Edward III and it was rebuilt in 1375. |
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The house is closed to the public, although it is regularly used for photo shoots and as a film location.{{cn|date=October 2022}} |
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Huge buttresses were constructed in the ditch surrounding the inner court of the lodge to support the new great hall. This moat had to be drained during the works, but a new outer moat, 'le utmest dych', was dug and a new entrance to the complex was created. In 1376 a hedge was planted around the outer moat and the park walls were repaired. Unaware of this documentary evidence, Christopher Hussey speculated that it was Richard, Earl of Cornwall, who had the multiple ditches dug. But what is obvious about the triple garden-side moats is that they were never meant to defend a 'castle' as they can quite easily be jumped or even stepped over. They must be functional features like the double moats around so many Worcestershire houses. A moat is more likely to be a medieval damp course than a medieval defensive earthwork; Beckley is a dry house in a wet marsh. Whether the moats also served as larders for eels and fish is another possibility. |
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The most confusing factor at Beckley is the present house itself, which is not medieval but Tudor in date, a work of about 1540 for Lord Williams of Thame, built upon the triple-moated medieval site. |
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Beckley Park was first enclosed in the 12th century from land held by [[Roger d'Ivry]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.beckley-and-stowood-pc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Beckley%20%26%20Stwood%20Neighbourhood%20Plan%20-%20Section%201.1.%20Background%20%26%20History.pdf |title=Beckley and Stowood Neighbourhood Plan |date=December 2017 |page=17 |access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref> and later by [[Richard, Duke of Cornwall]], who built a palace on Beckley Hill around which grew the village. He then limited the area of the park by a stone wall, partly extant, and stocked with deer. The hunting lodge was built on a Saxon site at this spot in the centre of the enclosure. First mentioned in 1347, the lodge was re-built in 1376 for King [[Edward III of England|Edward III]]; the moats, hall buttresses date from the late 14th century. The park was crown property and its keepers appointed by the King for two centuries: notable families were the Hamdens, the Verneys; and Sir John, later Lord Williams of Thame who in 1550 held the park by grant, rebuilt the lodge to probably the present structure.<ref name="beckley-and-stowood-pc p24">{{cite web|url=https://www.beckley-and-stowood-pc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Beckley%20%26%20Stwood%20Neighbourhood%20Plan%20-%20Section%201.1.%20Background%20%26%20History.pdf |title=Beckley and Stowood Neighbourhood Plan |date=December 2017 |page=24 |access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref> |
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The park and lodge passed to the Norreys family, whose head in the late 17th century was created [[Earl of Abingdon]]. In the early 17th Century also a family of Ledwells lived there for generations. The Estate was sold by the son of the seventh Earl of Abingdon to the grandmother of the present owner in 1920. (HM Land Registry, Gloucester Office: Title Number ON145383 Beckley Park: The Title Register refers on Page 7 to a conveyance dated 18 November 1920 made between 1. The Right Hon Vere Frederick Viscount Bertie of Thame (grandson of the Earl of Abingdon), 2. The Rev Hon Alberic Edward Bertie & others and 3. Clotilde Kate Feilding.) |
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There are other distractions at Beckley. The south, or entrance, front is reached over a solid, stone-arched bridge across a moat as green as a lawn with waterweed. Valerian pours out of the crumbling grey lias of the moat walls and there is one pyramidal-roofed pavilion rising out of the water at the right-hand corner. Restored by the Victorians, it is probably the survivor of a Tudor twin pair. Clouds of pink roses billow out from the narrow garden strip between the moat and the plum-coloured brick house walls. |
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[[File:Beckley Park topiary-3621768823.jpg|thumb|Beckley Park topiary (2009)]] |
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The house remains unaltered and 'unmodernised' to an unusual extent.<ref name="Sykes 1988 p. ">{{cite book | last=Sykes | first=C.S. | title=Ancient English Houses, 1240-1612 | publisher=Chatto & Windus | year=1988 | isbn=978-0-7011-3176-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1t7VAAAAMAAJ | access-date=29 Oct 2023 | page=139}}</ref> It has been a [[Grade I listed building]] (with some Grade II listed areas)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/101180781-beckley-park-beckley-and-stowood#.XKS_WVVKipo |title=Beckley Park |website=britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/ |access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="historicengland_100108">{{cite web| url = https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1001087| title = BECKLEY PARK, Beckley and Stowood - 1001087 {{!}} Historic England}}</ref> of historic interest since 1984 (List Entry Number: 1001087). The listing offers this summary: |
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<blockquote> Formal early C20 gardens surrounding a mid C16 hunting lodge, incorporating the remains of three concentric medieval moats, formerly enclosing a medieval royal hunting lodge. The moats were probably part of medieval garden features, which possibly extended into the wider landscape of the surrounding former deer park.</blockquote> |
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[[Amanda Feilding|Lady Amanda Neidpath]], the present owner and thoughtful gardener of Beckley, works not from the house, which for all its towering height is narrow-waisted and surprisingly small in its interior rooms, but from a barn to the side, festooned in white roses, ornamented with richly carved Indian panels and liberally decorated with Buddhist and Tibetan images and drawings. It is a place apart, drenched in its owner's personality and set in its own lawn. From the barn, paths lead past miniature garden enclosures, again Eastern in their ornaments, to turn a corner of the house, and there, beyond a deep pit of water with gunnera, foxgloves and rampageous flowers, is the remarkable north garden with its triple moats, which hang below the house like three strands of a necklace. Between the stone terrace of the house and these moats are two lozenge-shaped garden rooms, one with a tall tulip tree, and round these lozenges topiary passages spread out in a delicious but bewildering green maze, curiously dry above so much still, green water. What crowns these mazes of box and visually overwhelms everything else, floral or green, are the box pyramids, not two or three of them, but an uncountable multitude of 20-30 green spires all kept neat and geometric by the cowman. |
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The Listing document provides a summary of the history of the property including this coverage of the early years:<ref name="historicengland_100108"/> |
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The impact of this area is overpowering and difficult to convey. The north wall of the house, with its three projecting towers, rises up sheer from the narrow terrace, and at every few yards off the terrace there are entry points into the moat and topiary maze. Lady Amanda has created routes into the confusion by bridging the moats with clustered telegraph poles; but because the water is greener even than the lawns there is a perilous uncertainty as to where a foot can be placed. Yellow irises flourish in the green water; wild strawberries grow temptingly brilliant upon surprisingly dry banks. Lilies and roses, these last pale pink and wine dark, almost purple, enliven, together with red hot pokers, every small patch of open ground except for the lawns in those two intimate twin garden rooms. [[Image:Beckley Park northwest face 2.jpg|thumb|Yew Garden]] |
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<blockquote>Beckley Park, known as Lower Park Farm in the C19 and early C20, is first recorded in 1175-6, having been for some time part of the capital seat of the Honour of St Valery, that is, the main property of the St Valery family. In the 1190s the park was refurbished and enclosed by a stone wall. In 1227, the park having come into the hands of the Crown, Henry III granted the manor and park to his brother the Earl of Cornwall who restocked the park with deer and constructed a deer leap. The park subsequently passed through the hands of several members of the Royal Family during the Middle Ages. Beckley Park formed the site of the park hunting lodge, situated at the centre of the c 300ha park, probably initially built in the early C13 and by 1300 being used as a centre for royal hunting parties and other entertainments. The site contained a hall, chambers, chapel, kitchen and stables, together with a garden and vineyard, all possibly contained within a moat. The lodge was rebuilt on a more lavish scale for Edward II over several years from 1373, and included an outer moat, planted around its outer perimeter with a hedge, with two gates and a porter's lodge. This work is assumed to have resulted in the present triple moats (VCH 1957; Taylor 1996).</blockquote> |
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After numerous years in ruin, the property was bought on November 18, 1920, by the first international woman architect{{cn|date=October 2022}} Clotilde Kate Feilding (1874-1937) and restored by Clotilde and her husband, Percy. Clotilde was the daughter of Henry Bennet Brewster of the Palazzo Mattei in Rome and the Baroness Julia von Stockhausen. Among other work, Clotilde Brewster, as she was known then, was the architect of two palaces in Rome: the Palazzo Soderini and the Palazzo Frankenstein. Percy Henry Feilding (1867-1929) was the son of Sir Percy Robert Basil Feilding.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw88079/Percy-Henry-Feilding-at-Beckley-Park| title = NPG Ax140798; Percy Henry Feilding at Beckley Park! - Portrait - National Portrait Gallery}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw88078/Percy-Henry-Feilding-at-Beckley-Park?LinkID=mp72749&role=sit&rNo=0| title = NPG Ax140797; Percy Henry Feilding at Beckley Park - Portrait - National Portrait Gallery}}</ref> |
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Between the first and second moats runs the Ladies'Walk, a rare straight garden feature, tree shaded and reached by one of the causeway bridges. Out at the narrow north-west end of the house is the third and most impressive of the three garden rooms, the Yew Garden, in dark contrast to the cheerful, light green of the prevailing box-hedged walls. Fourteen bushes, each cut into an abstract shape, fill the rectangular area and it seems reasonable, given the general chronological uncertainty of the site, to call this the Privy Garden and date it to at least as early as 1540 because a Tudor-arched doorway and steps lead down into it from the Privy Chamber at the top end of the house's modest hall. This wonderfully intimate, event-crowded complex of garden rooms was planned in 1919 by Bertie Moore, a Buddhist monk and a friend of Amanda's relative, Percy Feilding. So there are spiritual meanings behind the evident horticultural success. It is Moore's triumph that the intensely characterful house does not overwhelm the garden so closely gathered around it. |
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==Beckley Park today== |
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From this west end of the Yew Garden stepping stones set giddily in dark water lead out to the great Fishpond and the blank open spaces of Otmoor. This is a relatively treeless area of the grounds, still under development. Interlocking spaces, gauged to the roots of three and five, make sacred Tibetan geometries. The island in the Fishpond is for the swans, which come over, not gliding elegantly, but battering with their wings like noisy motor bikes, to protect their young cygnets. A Chinese temple or a Buddhist stupa is intended eventually for a mound near the water's edge, as there is a notable lack of horizontal features at this point. |
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| ⚫ | In 2005 Beckley Park was used as the set for one of the opening scenes of ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)|Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]''<ref name="bloomberg_2019-04-01"/> in which [[Frank Bryce]] runs through the garden to [[The Riddle House]]. Photographers who have worked here include [[Mario Testino]]. |
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[[Image:Beckley Park northwest face 2.jpg|left|thumb|Yew Garden]] |
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The Listing provides this summary of the principal building in 1998.<ref name="historicengland_100108"/> |
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<blockquote>Built of dark red brick diapered with black headers and stone dressings, it is of two storeys plus cellars and attics. It is a narrow house, only one room thick, with the most prominent features being the three full-height, projecting gabled towers on the east, garden front, overlooking the former central moated island. The central tower contains the newel stair up the full height of the house, whilst the flanking towers contain garderobe flues. Each of the towers contains first-floor and attic-level windows overlooking the garden. Low extensions have been added to the south side of the house during the C20, that adjacent to the house enclosing a door at the south end of the east front which formerly led directly into the garden. A further door at the bottom of the central staircase tower, and offset from its centre, gives access to the garden. Both doors approached the garden via flights of stone steps.</blockquote> |
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At Beckley there is little or no fall of the land on which to project waterfalls and step-set pools. Topography is the master and the director of any garden. Whoever originally planned Beckley's moist garden simply intended to impose an island of order upon a fen, and succeeded brilliantly. It is a timely reminder of the basic garden problems faced by our ancestors: first drain, then garden. |
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==References== |
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That Fishpond at Beckley does, however, bring two additional elements into the medieval garden equation: one is the larder, the other is visual beauty. Any great house, manor or palace had to be self-sustaining. Eels can only be invited, but fish can be cultivated. Swans too were the medieval equivalents of the Christmas turkey, the most relished and, therefore, jealously guarded roasts on feast days. |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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Timothy Mowl (with permission from the author). |
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* {{Cite book | author=Timothy Mowl | author-link = Timothy Mowl | title=Historic Gardens of Oxfordshire| date=1 May 2007 | publisher=Tempus Publishing Ltd| location=London | isbn=978-0752440866 }} |
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==External links== |
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Beckley Park is the headquarters of the [[Beckley Foundation]], a charitable trust that promotes the investigation of consciousness and its modulation from a multidisciplinary perspective. It is also the home of Amanda Feilding, Lady Neidpath. |
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{{Authority control}} |
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==External links== |
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[[Category:Architecture]] |
[[Category:Architecture in the United Kingdom]] |
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[[Category:Grade I listed houses in Oxfordshire]] |
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Latest revision as of 02:21, 13 November 2024
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (November 2018) |
Beckley Park is an English country house located near the village of Beckley, in Oxfordshire, England.
It was built in 1540 by Lord Williams of Thame, who also built a great house at Rycote, a few miles away. It was originally built as a lodge for use when the lord and a party hunted the great park.
Today it is the home of Amanda Feilding and the main headquarters of her Beckley Foundation[1] which is doing research on the benefits of certain types of drugs, including cannabis and LSD.[2][3] Feilding is married to James Charteris, 13th Earl of Wemyss, who is the owner of Stanway House in Gloucestershire and Gosford House in Scotland.
The Tudor brick edifice of the house is encircled by three moats which attest to the place's importance in former days. Beckley Park remained with the descendants of Lord Williams, the Earls of Abingdon, until 1920 when it was bought by Clotilde Kate Feilding, grandmother of Amanda Feilding, Lady Neidpath. It is situated between Beckley and Otmoor just outside Oxford.
The house is closed to the public, although it is regularly used for photo shoots and as a film location.[citation needed]
History
[edit]Beckley Park was first enclosed in the 12th century from land held by Roger d'Ivry[4] and later by Richard, Duke of Cornwall, who built a palace on Beckley Hill around which grew the village. He then limited the area of the park by a stone wall, partly extant, and stocked with deer. The hunting lodge was built on a Saxon site at this spot in the centre of the enclosure. First mentioned in 1347, the lodge was re-built in 1376 for King Edward III; the moats, hall buttresses date from the late 14th century. The park was crown property and its keepers appointed by the King for two centuries: notable families were the Hamdens, the Verneys; and Sir John, later Lord Williams of Thame who in 1550 held the park by grant, rebuilt the lodge to probably the present structure.[5]
The park and lodge passed to the Norreys family, whose head in the late 17th century was created Earl of Abingdon. In the early 17th Century also a family of Ledwells lived there for generations. The Estate was sold by the son of the seventh Earl of Abingdon to the grandmother of the present owner in 1920. (HM Land Registry, Gloucester Office: Title Number ON145383 Beckley Park: The Title Register refers on Page 7 to a conveyance dated 18 November 1920 made between 1. The Right Hon Vere Frederick Viscount Bertie of Thame (grandson of the Earl of Abingdon), 2. The Rev Hon Alberic Edward Bertie & others and 3. Clotilde Kate Feilding.)
The house remains unaltered and 'unmodernised' to an unusual extent.[6] It has been a Grade I listed building (with some Grade II listed areas)[7][8] of historic interest since 1984 (List Entry Number: 1001087). The listing offers this summary:
Formal early C20 gardens surrounding a mid C16 hunting lodge, incorporating the remains of three concentric medieval moats, formerly enclosing a medieval royal hunting lodge. The moats were probably part of medieval garden features, which possibly extended into the wider landscape of the surrounding former deer park.
The Listing document provides a summary of the history of the property including this coverage of the early years:[8]
Beckley Park, known as Lower Park Farm in the C19 and early C20, is first recorded in 1175-6, having been for some time part of the capital seat of the Honour of St Valery, that is, the main property of the St Valery family. In the 1190s the park was refurbished and enclosed by a stone wall. In 1227, the park having come into the hands of the Crown, Henry III granted the manor and park to his brother the Earl of Cornwall who restocked the park with deer and constructed a deer leap. The park subsequently passed through the hands of several members of the Royal Family during the Middle Ages. Beckley Park formed the site of the park hunting lodge, situated at the centre of the c 300ha park, probably initially built in the early C13 and by 1300 being used as a centre for royal hunting parties and other entertainments. The site contained a hall, chambers, chapel, kitchen and stables, together with a garden and vineyard, all possibly contained within a moat. The lodge was rebuilt on a more lavish scale for Edward II over several years from 1373, and included an outer moat, planted around its outer perimeter with a hedge, with two gates and a porter's lodge. This work is assumed to have resulted in the present triple moats (VCH 1957; Taylor 1996).
After numerous years in ruin, the property was bought on November 18, 1920, by the first international woman architect[citation needed] Clotilde Kate Feilding (1874-1937) and restored by Clotilde and her husband, Percy. Clotilde was the daughter of Henry Bennet Brewster of the Palazzo Mattei in Rome and the Baroness Julia von Stockhausen. Among other work, Clotilde Brewster, as she was known then, was the architect of two palaces in Rome: the Palazzo Soderini and the Palazzo Frankenstein. Percy Henry Feilding (1867-1929) was the son of Sir Percy Robert Basil Feilding.[9][10]
Beckley Park today
[edit]
In 2005 Beckley Park was used as the set for one of the opening scenes of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire[3] in which Frank Bryce runs through the garden to The Riddle House. Photographers who have worked here include Mario Testino.
The Listing provides this summary of the principal building in 1998.[8]
Built of dark red brick diapered with black headers and stone dressings, it is of two storeys plus cellars and attics. It is a narrow house, only one room thick, with the most prominent features being the three full-height, projecting gabled towers on the east, garden front, overlooking the former central moated island. The central tower contains the newel stair up the full height of the house, whilst the flanking towers contain garderobe flues. Each of the towers contains first-floor and attic-level windows overlooking the garden. Low extensions have been added to the south side of the house during the C20, that adjacent to the house enclosing a door at the south end of the east front which formerly led directly into the garden. A further door at the bottom of the central staircase tower, and offset from its centre, gives access to the garden. Both doors approached the garden via flights of stone steps.
References
[edit]- ^ "The Tudor pile that's home to a thinktank set on shaking up Britain's drug laws". TheGuardian.com. 14 September 2013.
- ^ "Amanda Feilding: 'LSD can get deep down and reset the brain – like shaking up a snow globe'". The Guardian. 10 February 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
- ^ a b "The Countess of Cannabis". Bloomberg News. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
- ^ "Beckley and Stowood Neighbourhood Plan" (PDF). December 2017. p. 17. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
- ^ "Beckley and Stowood Neighbourhood Plan" (PDF). December 2017. p. 24. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
- ^ Sykes, C.S. (1988). Ancient English Houses, 1240-1612. Chatto & Windus. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-7011-3176-0. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ^ "Beckley Park". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
- ^ a b c "BECKLEY PARK, Beckley and Stowood - 1001087 | Historic England".
- ^ "NPG Ax140798; Percy Henry Feilding at Beckley Park! - Portrait - National Portrait Gallery".
- ^ "NPG Ax140797; Percy Henry Feilding at Beckley Park - Portrait - National Portrait Gallery".
Further reading
[edit]- Timothy Mowl (1 May 2007). Historic Gardens of Oxfordshire. London: Tempus Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0752440866.
External links
[edit]- The Beckley Foundation
- Stanway, the house of Lady Neidpath's husband James Charteris, 13th Earl of Wemyss and March.