User:Iaof2017/sandbox12: Difference between revisions
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*[[1921 Albanian parliamentary election]] |
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{{Infobox song |
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*https://brucol.be/files/articles/ejis_v3_i4_17/Skender.pdf |
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| name = Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix) |
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== Background == |
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| cover = |
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| caption = |
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| border = yes |
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| type = single |
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| artist = [[Dua Lipa]] featuring [[Madonna]] and [[Missy Elliott]] |
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| album = [[Club Future Nostalgia]] |
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| released = 13 August 2020 |
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| recorded = |
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| studio = |
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| genre = |
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| language = |
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| length = |
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| label = |
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| writer = |
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| producer = |
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| chronology = [[Dua Lipa]] |
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| prev_title = [[Un Día (One Day)]] |
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| prev_year = 2020 |
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| next_title = [[Levitating (song)|Levitating]] |
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| next_year = 2020 |
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| misc = |
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{{Extra chronology |
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| artist = [[Madonna]] |
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| type = single |
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| prev_title = [[I Don't Search I Find]] |
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| prev_year = 2020 |
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| title = Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix) |
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| year = 2020 |
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| next_title = [[Frozen (Madonna song)#Sickick remixes|Frozen (Remix)]] |
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| next_year = 2021}} |
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{{Extra chronology |
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| artist = [[Missy Elliott]] |
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| type = single |
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| prev_title = [[Do It (Toni Braxton song)|Do It]] |
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| prev_year = 2020 |
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| title = Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix) |
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| year = 2020 |
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| next_title = ATM |
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| next_year = 2020}} |
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{{External music video|{{YouTube|E3tCHMagPOY|"Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix)"}}}}}} |
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Following centuries of [[Ottoman Albania|Ottoman dominion]], Albania declared its [[Albanian Declaration of Independence|independence]] on 28 November 1912 in [[Vlorë]], under the leadership of [[Ismail Qemali]] and other prominent figures of the [[Albanian National Awakening|Albanian Renaissance]]. The [[Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire|decline]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]], alongside the [[Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire|rise of nationalist movements]] in the Balkans, formed an opportunity for [[Albanians]] to proclaim their right to self-determination. While the nation's independence was recognised by European powers through the [[Treaty of London (1913)|treaty of London]] in 1913, the borders formed by the treaty excluded significant Albanian populations, particularly in Epirus, Kosovo, and Macedonia, which were incorporated by neighboring states. This territorial settlement heightened regional tensions and deepened internal divisions, as various factions within Albania vied for control over the disputed territories. The outbreak of [[World War I]] further destabilised the region, with the nation subjected to the occupation of multiple foreign forces. At the war's conclusion in 1918, Albania's territorial integrity remained unresolved, with its borders still contested by surrounding states, which continued to challenge its territorial claims. |
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== Background and release == |
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== Electoral system == |
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Following the release of her second studio album ''[[Future Nostalgia]]'' (2020), Lipa was unable to embark on a [[Future Nostalgia Tour|promotional tour]] for the album due to the persisting [[COVID-19 pandemic|pandemic]] of [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Curto |first=Justin |work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |title=Dua Lipa Pushes 'Future Nostalgia' Album Up to March 27 |url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/03/dua-lipa-future-nostalgia-album-release-early.html |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919062757/https://www.vulture.com/2020/03/dua-lipa-future-nostalgia-album-release-early.html |archive-date=19 September 2020 |date=23 March 2020 |url-access=limited |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Reilly |first=Nick |magazine=[[NME]] |title=Dua Lipa reschedules UK and European tour for second time |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/dua-lipa-reschedules-uk-and-european-tour-for-second-time-2796025 |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702044154/https://www.nme.com/news/music/dua-lipa-reschedules-uk-and-european-tour-for-second-time-2796025 |archive-date=2 July 2021 |date=23 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Amidst the [[COVID-19 lockdowns|lockdown]] of the pandemic, the singer enlisted the help of American disc jockey [[the Blessed Madonna]] to create a studio [[remix album]] that would later become ''[[Club Future Nostalgia]]'' (2020).<ref>{{cite web |last=Stern |first=Bradley |work=MuuMuse |title=Dua Lipa Announces Remix Album, 'Club Future Nostalgia' |url=https://muumuse.com/2020/08/dua-lipa-announces-club-future-nostalgia-the-remix-album.html/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200809024724/https://muumuse.com/2020/08/dua-lipa-announces-club-future-nostalgia-the-remix-album.html/ |archive-date=9 August 2020 |date=4 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Wass |first=Mike |work=[[Idolator (website)|Idolator]] |title=Interview: The Blessed Madonna Talks 'Club Future Nostalgia' |url=https://www.idolator.com/7914076/interview-the-blessed-madonna-talks-club-future-nostalgia?ios=1&safari=1&chrome=1 |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200913194441/https://www.idolator.com/7914076/interview-the-blessed-madonna-talks-club-future-nostalgia?ios=1&safari=1&chrome=1 |archive-date=13 September 2020 |date=2 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bain |first=Katie |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |title=The Blessed Madonna on the 'Extraordinary Experience' of 'Club Future Nostalgia' & What Missy Said About Her 'Levitating' Remix |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/9441288/blessed-madonna-club-future-nostalgia-remix-interview |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829054648/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/9441288/blessed-madonna-club-future-nostalgia-remix-interview |archive-date=29 August 2020 |date=28 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> For her rendition, the Blessed Madonna created the remix with the intent of highlighting Lipa's solo vocals on the song.<ref name="Wang">{{cite magazine |last=Wang |first=Steffanee |magazine=[[Nylon (magazine)|Nylon]] |title=The Blessed Madonna On Creating The Dua-Verse In 'Club Future Nostalgia' |access-date=10 March 2023 |url=https://www.nylon.com/entertainment/club-future-nostalgia-dua-lipa-blessed-madonna-interview |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904033437/https://www.nylon.com/entertainment/club-future-nostalgia-dua-lipa-blessed-madonna-interview |archive-date=4 September 2020 |date=3 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> After completing it, both Lipa and Blessed Madonna's team extended an invitation to American singer [[Madonna]] and rapper [[Missy Elliott]] to lend their contributions.<ref name="Wang"/><ref name="Spanos">{{cite magazine |last=Spanos |first=Brittany |magazine=Rolling Stone |title=Dua Lipa Recruits Madonna, Missy Elliott for Flirty, Sped-Up 'Levitating' Remix |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/dua-lipa-madonna-missy-elliott-levitating-remix-1043768/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813223705/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/dua-lipa-madonna-missy-elliott-levitating-remix-1043768/ |archive-date=13 August 2020 |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Madonna replaced the backing vocals and second verse, and featured several variations, including a brief rendition of her single "[[Lucky Star (Madonna song)|Lucky Star]]" (1983).<ref name="Wang"/> Elliott submitted her verse, which incorporated the use of an [[air horn]].<ref name="Kenneally">{{cite magazine |last=Kenneally |first=Cerys |magazine=[[The Line of Best Fit]] |title=Dua Lipa links with Missy Elliott and Madonna on The Blessed Madonna's remix of 'Levitating' |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/latest-news/dua-lipa-missy-elliott-madonna-the-blessed-madonna-remix-levitating |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923120824/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/latest-news/dua-lipa-missy-elliott-madonna-the-blessed-madonna-remix-levitating |archive-date=10 March 2023 |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Blessed Madonna combined the three parts together, while at the request of Madonna, Dean completed the mixing and mastering of the song.<ref name="Wang"/> Although, Lipa's team had previously attempted to organise a collaboration between her and Madonna as reveled by her manager Ben Mawson.<ref name="Richards">{{cite magazine |last=Richards |first=Will |magazine=NME |title=Madonna and Missy Elliott to feature on new remix of Dua Lipa's 'Levitating' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/madonna-and-missy-elliott-to-feature-on-new-remix-of-dua-lipas-levitating-2716271 |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306062218/https://www.nme.com/news/music/madonna-and-missy-elliott-to-feature-on-new-remix-of-dua-lipas-levitating-2716271 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |date=27 July 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The influence of Madonna on ''Future Nostalgia'' is evident in the use of British producer [[Stuart Price]] as a co-producer, who had worked with Madonna on her album ''[[Confessions on a Dance Floor]]'' (2005).<ref name="Richards"/> Then on 27 July 2020, Lipa announced the release of the remix of "Levitating" by the Blessed Madonna featuring Madonna and Elliott.<ref>{{cite web |last=White |first=Jack |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] (OCC) |title=Dua Lipa announces new single ft. Madonna and Missy Elliott |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/dua-lipa-announces-levitating-remix-featuring-madonna-and-missy-elliott__30336 |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200801032934/https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/dua-lipa-announces-levitating-remix-featuring-madonna-and-missy-elliott__30336/ |archive-date=1 August 2020 |date=27 July 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Aniftos |first=Rania |magazine=Billboard |title=Dua Lipa Announces 'Levitating' Remix Featuring Her Two 'Idols' |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/dua-lipa-announces-levitating-remix-featuring-her-two-idols-9425234/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522085407/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/dua-lipa-announces-levitating-remix-featuring-her-two-idols-9425234/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |date=27 July 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> "Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix)" was released for [[Music download|digital download]] and [[Streaming media|streaming]] in various countries by [[Warner Records|Warner]] on 13 August 2020 as the [[lead single]] from Lipa and the Blessed Madonna's album ''Club Future Nostalgia''.<ref name="Release"/> |
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== |
=== Election date === |
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== Results == |
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"Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix)" was penned by Lipa, Madonna, Elliott, [[The Monsters & Strangerz|Clarence Coffee Jr.]], [[Sarah Hudson (singer)|Sarah Hudson]] and [[Koz (musician)|Stephen Kozmeniuk]], with its production completed by Kozmeniuk, [[Stuart Price]] and the Blessed Madonna. |
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== Aftermath == |
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*[[disco]] vibe<ref name="Price">{{cite web |last=Price |first=Joe |work=[[Complex Networks|Complex]] |title=Dua Lipa Shares 'Levitating' Remix f/ Missy Elliott and Madonna |url=https://www.complex.com/music/2020/08/dua-lipa-missy-elliott-madonna-the-blessed-madonna-levitating-remix |access-date=13 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813221922/https://www.complex.com/music/2020/08/dua-lipa-missy-elliott-madonna-the-blessed-madonna-levitating-remix |archive-date=13 August 2020 |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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*dance-oriented production<ref name="Price"/> |
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*upbeat<ref name="Kedem">{{cite web |last=Kedem |first=Maia |publisher=[[Radio.com]] |title=Dua Lipa, Madonna, and Missy Elliott 'Levitating' Remix Video |url=https://www.radio.com/music/pop/dua-lipa-madonna-and-missy-elliott-levitating-remix-video |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824223504/https://www.radio.com/music/pop/dua-lipa-madonna-and-missy-elliott-levitating-remix-video |archive-date=24 August 2020 |date=14 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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*[[Trance music|trance]] vibe<ref name="Kedem"/> |
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*[[Disco|electro-disco]]<ref name="Camp">{{cite magazine |last=Camp |first=Alexa |work=[[Slant Magazine]] |title=Listen: Dua Lipa Elevates 'Levitating' with Help from Madonna and Missy Elliott |url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/news/listen-dua-lipa-elevates-levitating-with-help-from-madonna-and-missy-elliott/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821143431/https://www.slantmagazine.com/news/listen-dua-lipa-elevates-levitating-with-help-from-madonna-and-missy-elliott/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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*backdrop of [[Clapping|handclaps]]<ref name="Camp"/> |
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*skittering [[Bass drum|bass]]<ref name="Camp"/> |
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*[[electro house]]<ref name="Rap-Up">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Rap-Up]] |title=Dua Lipa Enlists Missy Elliott and Madonna for 'Levitating (Remix)' |url=https://www.rap-up.com/2020/08/13/dua-lipa-missy-elliott-madonna-levitating-remix/ |access-date=13 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813221911/https://www.rap-up.com/2020/08/13/dua-lipa-missy-elliott-madonna-levitating-remix/ |archive-date=13 August 2020 |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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*darkly funky [[future bass]]<ref name="Bain2">{{cite magazine |last=Bain |first=Katie |magazine=Billboard |title=The Blessed Madonna On Remixing Dua Lipa's 'Levitating': 'I Was Like, 'Don't Let Anyone Else Have It' |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/9433818/blessed-madonna-dua-lipa-zane-lowe-interview |access-date=13 August 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200813222038/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/9433818/blessed-madonna-dua-lipa-zane-lowe-interview |archive-date=13 August 2020 |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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*[[techno]]<ref name="Slater">{{cite web |last=Slater |first=Bailey |work=Wonderland |title=Miley, Drake and Dua Lipa bring it in this week's Wonderlist |url=https://www.wonderlandmagazine.com/2020/08/14/wonderlist-weekly-playlist-dua-lipa-miley-cyrus/ |access-date=8 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908152446/https://www.wonderlandmagazine.com/2020/08/14/wonderlist-weekly-playlist-dua-lipa-miley-cyrus/ |archive-date=8 September 2020 |date=14 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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== Reception == |
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== Music video and promotion == |
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== Credits and personnel == |
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Credits adapted from [[Tidal (service)|Tidal]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Tidal (service)|Tidal]] |title=Credits / Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix) / Dua Lipa |url=https://listen.tidal.com/album/151272736/credits |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url= |archive-date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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== Charts == |
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{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |
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|+ Weekly chart performance for "Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix)" |
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! scope="col" | Chart (2020) |
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! scope="col" | Peak<br />position |
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|- |
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! scope="row" | Australia ([[Australian Recording Industry Association|ARIA]])<ref name="Australia">{{cite web |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] (ARIA) |title=Aria Top 50 Singles for week of 19 October 2020 |url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/singles-chart/2020-10-19 |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310151951/https://www.aria.com.au/charts/singles-chart/2020-10-19 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |date=19 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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| 35 |
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|- |
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! scope="row" | [[Euro Digital Song Sales]] ([[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]])<ref name="EDSS">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |title=Madonna, 08/29/2020, IDS, Levitating |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/search?artistname=Madonna&charttitle=Levitating&label=&chartcode=IDS&chart_date=08/29/2020 |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.ph/20201208083506/https://www.billboard.com/charts/search?artistname=Madonna&charttitle=Levitating&label=&chartcode=IDS&chart_date=08/29/2020 |archive-date=8 December 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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| 10 |
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|- |
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{{single chart |Italy |46 |artist=Dua Lipa feat. Madonna & Missy Elliott |song=Levitating (The Blessed Madonna Remix) |access-date=10 March 2023 |refname=Italy |rowheader=true}} |
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|- |
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{{single chart |Portugal |83 |artist=Dua Lipa feat. Madonna & Missy Elliott |song=Levitating (The Blessed Madonna Remix) |access-date=10 March 2023 |refname=Portugal |rowheader=true}} |
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|- |
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{{single chart |Spain |71 |artist=Dua Lipa feat. Madonna & Missy Elliott |song=Levitating (The Blessed Madonna Remix) |access-date=10 March 2023 |refname=Spain |rowheader=true}} |
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|- |
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! scope="row" | US [[Bubbling Under Hot 100]] ([[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]])<ref name="BUH100">{{cite magazine |last=Frankenberg |first=Eric |magazine=Billboard |title=Dua Lipa 'Levitates' Onto the Dance Charts With Madonna & Missy Elliott Remix |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/levitating-debuts-hot-dance-electronic-songs-chart/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310150639/https://www.billboard.com/pro/levitating-debuts-hot-dance-electronic-songs-chart/ |archive-date=10 March 2023 |date=27 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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| 10 |
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|- |
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{{single chart |Billboarddanceelectronic |6 |artist=Dua Lipa |access-date=10 March 2023 |refname=HDES |rowheader=true}} |
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|} |
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== Release history == |
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{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |
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|+ Release dates and formats for "Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix)" |
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! scope="col" | Region |
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! scope="col" | Date |
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! scope="col" | Format(s) |
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! scope="col" | Label |
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! scope="col" | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |
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|- |
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! scope="row" | Various |
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| rowspan="3" | 13 August 2020 |
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| {{hlist|Digital download|streaming}} |
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| rowspan="3" | Warner |
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| {{center|<ref name="Release">Citations regarding the release of "Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix)" by Elton John and Dua Lipa in various selected countries: |
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*{{cite web |publisher=[[Apple Music]] (Australia) |title=Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix){{spaced ndash}}Single by Dua Lipa featuring Madonna and Missy Elliott |url=https://music.apple.com/au/album/levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-feat-madonna/1527115169 |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310142909/https://music.apple.com/au/album/levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-feat-madonna/1527115169 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}} |
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*{{cite web |publisher=Apple Music (Canada) |title=Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix){{spaced ndash}}Single by Dua Lipa featuring Madonna and Missy Elliott |url=https://music.apple.com/ca/album/levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-feat-madonna/1527115169 |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310143544/https://music.apple.com/ca/album/levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-feat-madonna/1527115169 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}} |
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*{{cite web |publisher=Apple Music (Kosovo) |title=Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix){{spaced ndash}}Single by Dua Lipa featuring Madonna and Missy Elliott |url=https://music.apple.com/xk/album/levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-feat-madonna/1527115169 |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310143226/https://music.apple.com/xk/album/levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-feat-madonna/1527115169 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}} |
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*{{cite web |publisher=Apple Music (New Zealand) |title=Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix){{spaced ndash}}Single by Dua Lipa featuring Madonna and Missy Elliott |url=https://music.apple.com/nz/album/levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-feat-madonna/1527115169 |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310143435/https://music.apple.com/nz/album/levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-feat-madonna/1527115169 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}} |
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*{{cite web |publisher=Apple Music (United Kingdom) |title=Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix){{spaced ndash}}Single by Dua Lipa featuring Madonna and Missy Elliott |url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-feat-madonna/1527115169 |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310143624/https://music.apple.com/gb/album/levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-feat-madonna/1527115169 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}} |
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*{{cite web |publisher=Apple Music (United States) |title=Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix){{spaced ndash}}Single by Dua Lipa featuring Madonna and Missy Elliott |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-feat-madonna/1527115169 |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310142725/https://music.apple.com/us/album/levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-feat-madonna/1527115169 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} |
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|- |
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! scope="row" | Italy |
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| [[Airplay|Radio airplay]] |
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| {{center|<ref>{{cite web |last=Mompellio |first=Gabriel |publisher=[[Radiomonitor]] |title=Dua Lipa feat. Madonna and Missy Elliott{{spaced ndash}}Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix) {{!}} (Radio Date: 13/08/2020) |url=https://radiodate.it/radio-date/dua-lipa-feat-madonna-and-mussy-elliott-levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-210924-13-08-2020-radiodate/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310143744/https://radiodate.it/radio-date/dua-lipa-feat-madonna-and-mussy-elliott-levitating-the-blessed-madonna-remix-210924-13-08-2020-radiodate/ |archive-date=10 March 2023 |language=it |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} |
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|- |
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! scope="row" | United Kingdom |
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| Various |
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| {{center|<ref>{{cite web |last=Copsey |first=Rob |publisher=[[Official Charts|Official Charts Company]] (OCC) |title=New Releases: Check out this week's new single, album, DVD and Blu-ray releases |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/new-releases/ |access-date=13 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817144233/https://www.officialcharts.com/new-releases/ |archive-date=17 August 2020 |date=13 August 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}} |
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|} |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Latest revision as of 13:39, 13 November 2024
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Background
[edit]Following centuries of Ottoman dominion, Albania declared its independence on 28 November 1912 in Vlorë, under the leadership of Ismail Qemali and other prominent figures of the Albanian Renaissance. The decline of the Ottoman Empire, alongside the rise of nationalist movements in the Balkans, formed an opportunity for Albanians to proclaim their right to self-determination. While the nation's independence was recognised by European powers through the treaty of London in 1913, the borders formed by the treaty excluded significant Albanian populations, particularly in Epirus, Kosovo, and Macedonia, which were incorporated by neighboring states. This territorial settlement heightened regional tensions and deepened internal divisions, as various factions within Albania vied for control over the disputed territories. The outbreak of World War I further destabilised the region, with the nation subjected to the occupation of multiple foreign forces. At the war's conclusion in 1918, Albania's territorial integrity remained unresolved, with its borders still contested by surrounding states, which continued to challenge its territorial claims.