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| name = Oli Vilakku
| name = Oli Vilakku
| image = Oli Vilakku.JPG
| image = Oli Vilakku.JPG
| border = no
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Tapi Chanakya]]
| director = [[Tapi Chanakya]]
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| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = [[Gemini Studios]]
| studio = [[Gemini Studios]]
| distributor = <!-- don't add without source -->
| distributor = Jothi Pictures
| released = {{film date|1968|9|20|df=y}}
| released = {{film date|1968|9|20|df=y}}
| runtime = 164 minutes
| runtime = 164 minutes
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}}
}}


'''''Oli Vilakku''''' ({{translation|Shining Lamp}}) is a 1968 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]], directed by [[Tapi Chanakya]] and produced by [[S. S. Vasan]]. It is a remake of the [[Hindi]]-language film ''[[Phool Aur Patthar]]'' (1966). The film stars [[M. G. Ramachandran]], [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] and [[Sowcar Janaki]], with [[S. A. Ashokan]], [[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]], [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]] and [[V. S. Raghavan]] in supporting roles. It was [[M. G. Ramachandran]] 100th film. It was released on 20 September 1968. All the songs were super hit. It ran more than 150 days in all theatres and it ran for 350 days at Sri Lanka, it became Industry hit at the box office. It became silver jubilee, and was one of the most successful Tamil films of the year, and became a turning point in Ramachandran's career. It gained more profits for Gemini Studios.
'''''Oli Vilakku''''' ({{translation|Shining Lamp}}) is a 1968 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]], directed by [[Tapi Chanakya]] and produced by [[S. S. Vasan]]. It is a remake of the [[Hindi]]-language film ''[[Phool Aur Patthar]]'' (1966). The film stars [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (in his 100th film), [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] and [[Sowcar Janaki]], with [[S. A. Ashokan]], [[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]], [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]] and [[V. S. Raghavan]] in supporting roles. It was released on 20 September 1968, and was one of the most successful Tamil films of the year, and became a turning point in Ramachandran's career.


In the film, a [[burglar]] rescues a widowed woman whose in-laws had left to die during an [[outbreak]] of [[Plague (disease)|plague]]. He is soon framed for [[kidnapping]] her by relatives who are after the woman's [[inheritance]].
When Ramachandran was hospitalised in 1984 at [[Brooklyn Hospital Center|Brooklyn Hospital]], New York, footage showing a tearful Janaki lip syncing to "Aandavane Un" prefaced film screenings across cinema halls in Tamil Nadu.<ref name=":0" />


== Plot ==
== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=September 2022}}
⚫
Muthu is a career criminal who works for Master Jambu along with his girlfriend Geetha. Who becomes friends with Kadri, another petty thief. Due to his repetitive crimes, the court orders him to stay in a small town for six months. But, two days before his release, he escapes. Master Jambu gives him another job to rob a safe full of gold from the rich. When a plague empties Maanggudi of its inhabitants; Muthu takes the opportunity to burgle a house. He finds nothing except Shanti. A widowed daughter-in-law which the cruel relatives left her to die. Pannaiyar Paramsivam, his wife, and their son, Somu. Shanti has married off when she was 4 years old to a boy of 5 years old. But the boy dies soon after. Muthu brings a local village doctor, Kannaiyah, and nurses her back to health. When her relatives return, they are not pleased to find her alive. And even less pleased to discover that someone has tried to rob them. Shanti gets the blame and a beating as they suspect her of having an affair with thief, Muthu. Somu, Pannaiyar Paramasivam's other son, tries to rape Shanti. Muthu saves her from this and the pair flee, with help of Kadri, who treats Shanti as her sister. They set up home in Muthu's house. Much to the displeasure of the respectable neighbours, who are all too ready to think the worst. Shanti's relatives feel dismayed when a lawyer arrives to announce that Shanti's uncle, has left a legacy for 500,000 rupees. They hatch a plot to get her back. By making false police report that Muthu kidnapped Shanti and stole their gold. This is overheard by the Kannaiyah who happens to pass by to visit Shanti and Muthu.
Muthu is a career criminal who works for Master Jambu along with his girlfriend Geetha. Who becomes friends with Kadri, another petty thief. Due to his repetitive crimes, the court orders him to stay in a small town for six months. But, two days before his release, he escapes. Master Jambu gives him another job to rob a safe full of gold from the rich. When a plague empties Maanggudi of its inhabitants; Muthu takes the opportunity to burgle a house.


⚫
Muthy finds nothing except Shanti. She is A widowed daughter-in-law which the cruel relatives had left to die. Pannaiyar Paramsivam, his wife, and their son, Somu. Shanti has married off when she was four years old to a boy of five years old. But the boy dies soon after. Muthu brings a local village doctor, Kannaiyah, and nurses her back to health. When her relatives return, they are not pleased to find her alive. And even less pleased to discover that someone has tried to rob them. Shanti gets the blame and a beating as they suspect her of having an affair with thief, Muthu. Somu, Pannaiyar Paramasivam's other son, tries to rape Shanti. Muthu saves her from this and the pair flee, with help of Kadri, who treats Shanti as her sister. They set up home in Muthu's house. Much to the displeasure of the respectable neighbours, who are all too ready to think the worst. Shanti's relatives feel dismayed when a lawyer arrives to announce that Shanti's uncle, has left a legacy for 500,000 rupees. They hatch a plot to get her back. By making false police report that Muthu kidnapped Shanti and stole their gold. This is overheard by the Kannaiyah who happens to pass by to visit Shanti and Muthu.
⚫
Muthu approaches Master Jambu to borrow money. Yet, Jambu sedates him. Geetha assists with hesitation, Master Jambu. Fearing that they may lose Muthu. Then, Kannaiyah steals the gold from Pannaiyar Paramasivam, which Kadhri comes to know. Meanwhile, Shanti appears as a local prostitute by the local neighbours. Which enrages Muthu, culminating in an assault by him on one of the neighbours. Shanti pacifies Muthu and Muthu reforms to be a good man. One day, Somu notices Muthu with Geetha. Somu, with the help of police, chase both of them but they escape. Somu meets the commissioner and both of them then go to see Muthu and Shanti. But, Kadri, disguised as Shanti, saves them. Shanti persuades both Kadri and Muthu to reform. Master Jambu comes to know that Muthu reforms through Shanti. He persuades Muthu to steal a diamond necklace worth 2 million. Muthu, with hesitation, agrees that the robbery will be his last in exchange for his freedom. Master Jambu reveals that about three years ago, while he was committing a bank robbery, Muthu tried to stop them and saw the robbery. Yet, he cannot prove this to the court due to his past criminal history. Muthu came out after one year from his jail sentence. He works with the commissioner to nab the real culprits, but is foolen by Master Jambu. Master Jambu then traps Muthu into his gang, by playing drama. Geetha, through accident, kills Master Jambu gang member Rathnam to save Muthu. Yet, Rathnam is still alive and both Muthu and Geetha believe that Rathnam is dead. The rest of the story follows how Muthu escapes from Master Jambu's gang, and Shanti and Geetha's fate.

⚫
Muthu approaches Master Jambu to borrow money. Yet, Jambu sedates him. Geetha assists with hesitation, Master Jambu. Fearing that they may lose Muthu. Then, Kannaiyah steals the gold from Pannaiyar Paramasivam, which Kadhri learns of. Meanwhile, Shanti appears as a local prostitute by the local neighbours. Which enrages Muthu, culminating in an assault by him on one of the neighbours. Shanti pacifies Muthu and Muthu reforms to be a good man. One day, Somu notices Muthu with Geetha. Somu, with the help of police, chase both of them but they escape. Somu meets the commissioner and both of them then go to see Muthu and Shanti. But, Kadri, disguised as Shanti, saves them. Shanti persuades both Kadri and Muthu to reform. Master Jambu learns that Muthu reforms through Shanti. He persuades Muthu to steal a diamond necklace worth 2 million. Muthu, with hesitation, agrees that the robbery will be his last in exchange for his freedom. Master Jambu reveals that about three years ago, while he was committing a bank robbery, Muthu tried to stop them and saw the robbery. Yet, he cannot prove this to the court due to his past criminal history. Muthu came out after one year from his jail sentence. He works with the commissioner to nab the real culprits, but is fooled by Master Jambu. Master Jambu then traps Muthu into his gang, by playing drama. Geetha, through accident, kills Master Jambu gang member Rathnam to save Muthu. Yet, Rathnam is still alive and both Muthu and Geetha believe that Rathnam is dead. The rest of the story follows how Muthu escapes from Master Jambu's gang, and Shanti and Geetha's fate.


== Cast ==
== Cast ==
<!-- Sorted according to the opening credits -->
<!-- Sorted according to the opening credits -->
{{Cast listing|
* [[M. G. Ramachandran|M. G. R]] as Muthu<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[M. G. Ramachandran|M. G. R]] as Muthu<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] as Geetha<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] as Geetha<ref name="BFTP" />
Line 46: Line 49:
* [[Kallapart Natarajan]] as Somu<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[Kallapart Natarajan]] as Somu<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[Thengai Srinivasan]] as Kaveri's father<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[Thengai Srinivasan]] as Kaveri's father<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[Ganthimathi]] as Kaveri
* [[Gandhimathi]] as Kaveri
Additionally, [[A. Sakunthala]] appears uncredited as a dancer in the song "Whistlings, Sips and Drunkenness".<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[C. I. D. Sakunthala]] as a dancer in the song "Whistlings, Sips and Drunkenness" (uncredited)<ref name="BFTP" />
}}

== Production ==<!-- https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-61/ -->


⚫
''Oli Vilakku'' was directed by [[Tapi Chanakya]] and produced by [[S. S. Vasan]] under [[Gemini Studios]]; Vasan was not credited onscreen as producer. The film was [[M. G. Ramachandran]]'s 100th as an actor, and a remake of the [[Hindi]]-language film ''[[Phool Aur Patthar]]'' (1966).<ref name="BFTP" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kesavan |first=N. |date=14 May 2016 |title=100th film jinx grips the mighty sans 'Captain' |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tamil-film-industry-100th-film-jinx-grips-the-mighty-sans-captain/article8595803.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628234546/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tamil-film-industry-100th-film-jinx-grips-the-mighty-sans-captain/article8595803.ece |archive-date=28 June 2018}}</ref> Ramachandran agreed to act in the film only after long sessions of negotiations with Vasan, who assented to the conditions laid down by Ramachandran regarding to the choice of costume and the characterisation of the male lead.{{sfn|David|1983|p=71}} It was Gemini' first colour film,<ref>{{Cite news |last=சுவாமிநாதன் |first=ஸ்ரீதர் |date=8 March 2016 |title=எம்ஜிஆர் 100 {{!}} 16&nbsp;– அர்ப்பணிப்புடன் கூடிய உழைப்புக்கு சொந்தக்காரர்! |language=Tamil |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/74484-100-16.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017123732/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/74484-100-16.html |archive-date=17 October 2019}}</ref> being colourised through [[Eastmancolor]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=22 September 1968 |title=ஒளி விளக்கு |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1968/sep/22-09-1968/p2.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220725114459/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1968/sep/22-09-1968/p2.jpg |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=26 July 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=2 |language=ta}}</ref> and was [[V. S. Raghavan]]'s first collaboration with Ramachandran.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=8 October 2010 |title=A virtuoso recalls |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/A-virtuoso-recalls/article15772213.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218130538/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/A-virtuoso-recalls/article15772213.ece |archive-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> While [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] was chosen to reprise the role originally played by [[Shashikala]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunita |date=6 December 2016 |title=First among equals |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/First-among-equals/article16767750.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207144528/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/First-among-equals/article16767750.ece |archive-date=7 December 2016}}</ref> [[Sowcar Janaki]] asked Ramachandran if she could reprise [[Meena Kumari]]'s role; he accepted. This was the second time after ''[[Shavukaru]]'' (1950) that Janaki asked for a role.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mary |first=S. B. Vijaya |date=29 April 2021 |title='Sowcar' Janaki: 'I'm an incurable romantic' |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/im-an-incurable-romantic/article34442602.ece |url-status=live |access-date=23 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502052749/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/im-an-incurable-romantic/article34442602.ece |archive-date=2 May 2021}}</ref>
== Production ==
⚫
''Oli Vilakku'' was directed by [[Tapi Chanakya]] and produced by [[S. S. Vasan]] under [[Gemini Studios]]; Vasan was not credited onscreen as producer. The film was [[M. G. Ramachandran]]'s 100th as an actor, and a remake of the [[Hindi]]-language film ''[[Phool Aur Patthar]]'' (1966).<ref name="BFTP" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kesavan |first=N. |date=14 May 2016 |title=100th film jinx grips the mighty sans 'Captain' |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tamil-film-industry-100th-film-jinx-grips-the-mighty-sans-captain/article8595803.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628234546/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tamil-film-industry-100th-film-jinx-grips-the-mighty-sans-captain/article8595803.ece |archive-date=28 June 2018}}</ref> Ramachandran agreed to act in the film only after long sessions of negotiations with Vasan, who assented to the conditions laid down by Ramachandran regarding to the choice of costume and the characterisation of the male lead.<ref>{{Cite book |last=David |first=C. R. W. |title=Cinema as Medium of Communication in Tamil Nadu |publisher=Christian Literature Society |year=1983 |pages=71 |oclc=10443988}}</ref> It was Gemini' first colour film,<ref>{{Cite news |last=சுவாமிநாதன் |first=ஸ்ரீதர் |date=8 March 2016 |title=எம்ஜிஆர் 100 {{!}} 16&nbsp;– அர்ப்பணிப்புடன் கூடிய உழைப்புக்கு சொந்தக்காரர்! |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/74484-100-16.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017123732/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/74484-100-16.html |archive-date=17 October 2019}}</ref> being colourised through [[Eastmancolor]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 1968 |title=ஒளி விளக்கு |url=https://kalkionline.com/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1968/sep/22-09-1968/p2.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918093619/https://kalkionline.com/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1968/sep/22-09-1968/p2.jpg |archive-date=18 September 1968 |access-date=23 September 2021 |website=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=2 |language=ta}}</ref> and was [[V. S. Raghavan]]'s first collaboration with Ramachandran.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=8 October 2010 |title=A virtuoso recalls |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/A-virtuoso-recalls/article15772213.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218130538/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/A-virtuoso-recalls/article15772213.ece |archive-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> While [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] was chosen to reprise the role originally played by [[Shashikala]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunita |date=6 December 2016 |title=First among equals |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/First-among-equals/article16767750.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207144528/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/First-among-equals/article16767750.ece |archive-date=7 December 2016}}</ref> [[Sowcar Janaki]] asked Ramachandran if she could reprise [[Meena Kumari]]'s role; he accepted. This was the second time after ''[[Shavukaru]]'' (1950) that Janaki asked for a role.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mary |first=S. B. Vijaya |date=29 April 2021 |title=‘Sowcar’ Janaki: ‘I’m an incurable romantic’ |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/im-an-incurable-romantic/article34442602.ece |access-date=23 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502052749/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/im-an-incurable-romantic/article34442602.ece |archive-date=2 May 2021 |lay-url=live}}</ref>


The dialogues were written by Sornam, art direction was handled by A. K. Sekhar,<ref name="poster" /> cinematography was handled by U. Rajagopal and the editing by M. Umanath.<ref name="BFTP" /> While Janaki was initially billed as the first female actress in the opening credits, Jayalalithaa demanded she be billed first as she considered herself more popular; her request was granted.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=6 December 2016 |title=Jayalalithaa: The queen bee of politics |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Jayalalithaa-The-queen-bee-of-politics/article16768040.ece |url-status=live |access-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207152420/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Jayalalithaa-The-queen-bee-of-politics/article16768040.ece |archive-date=7 December 2016}}</ref> During the film's [[Kodaikanal]] shooting schedule, Ramachandran cancelled a day's shoot because of the cold weather and ensured that all the crew members received a blanket.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srivatsan |first=S. |date=18 May 2019 |title='Sholay' to 'Darbar': This man is responsible for shining a light on four generations of actors |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/this-man-is-responsible-for-shining-a-light-on-four-generations-of-actors/article27171167.ece |url-status=live |access-date=27 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527051016/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/this-man-is-responsible-for-shining-a-light-on-four-generations-of-actors/article27171167.ece |archive-date=27 May 2019}}</ref> Unlike the original, where the male lead ([[Dharmendra]]) marries the widow (Kumari), the climax was changed for ''Oli Vilakku'' at Ramachandran's suggestion; it ends with the male lead (Ramachandran) marrying the unmarried woman (Jayalalithaa) while the widow (Janaki) dies.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wI0OAQAAMAAJ&q=oli+vilakku |title=Region, religion, caste, gender and culture in contemporary India |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-563458-7 |editor-last=Sathyamurthy |editor-first=T. V. |pages=545}}</ref>
The dialogues were written by Sornam, art direction was handled by A. K. Sekhar,<ref name="poster" /> cinematography was handled by U. Rajagopal and the editing by M. Umanath.<ref name="BFTP" /> While Janaki was initially billed as the first female actress in the opening credits, Jayalalithaa demanded she be billed first as she considered herself more popular; her request was granted.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=6 December 2016 |title=Jayalalithaa: The queen bee of politics |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Jayalalithaa-The-queen-bee-of-politics/article16768040.ece |url-status=live |access-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207152420/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Jayalalithaa-The-queen-bee-of-politics/article16768040.ece |archive-date=7 December 2016}}</ref> During the film's [[Kodaikanal]] shooting schedule, Ramachandran cancelled a day's shoot because of the cold weather and ensured that all the crew members received a blanket.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srivatsan |first=S. |date=18 May 2019 |title='Sholay' to 'Darbar': This man is responsible for shining a light on four generations of actors |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/this-man-is-responsible-for-shining-a-light-on-four-generations-of-actors/article27171167.ece |url-status=live |access-date=27 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527051016/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/this-man-is-responsible-for-shining-a-light-on-four-generations-of-actors/article27171167.ece |archive-date=27 May 2019}}</ref> Unlike the original, where the male lead ([[Dharmendra]]) marries the widow (Kumari), the climax was changed for ''Oli Vilakku'' at Ramachandran's suggestion; it ends with the male lead (Ramachandran) marrying the unmarried woman (Jayalalithaa) while the widow (Janaki) dies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sri Kantha|first=Sachi|author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha|date=January 21, 2014|title=MGR Remembered – Part 14 {{!}} Carping critics|url=https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-14/|access-date=2022-12-04|website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]|archive-date=4 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204053729/https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-14/|url-status=live}}</ref>


== Soundtrack ==
== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oli Vilakku (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/oli-vilakku-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1328759600 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190218123705/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/oli-vilakku-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1328759600 |archive-date=18 February 2019 |access-date=18 February 2019 |website=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> One sequence required Ramachandran to act drunk and mouth a song. Ramachandran, who generally avoided smoking or drinking in films, was stuck in a dilemma, and approached Vaali who presented a solution: Ramachandran's character would be drunk, but his conscience would emerge as four different beings to criticise his acting in the song. Ramachandran then asked Vaali for the ''[[pallavi]]'', and Vaali wrote the lines "Dhayiriamaaga sol nee manidhan thaanaa, Nee thaan oru mirugam, Indha madhuvil vizhum neram" (Tell me bravely, are you a human? You are a beast when you fall into this alcohol), which impressed Ramachandran.{{sfn|Kannan|2017|pp=87–88}} The song "Aandavane Un" is set in [[Shivaranjani]] raga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |date=28 September 2012 |title=Sivaranjani for pathos |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/sivaranjani-for-pathos/article3945587.ece |url-status=live |access-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009133841/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/sivaranjani-for-pathos/article3945587.ece |archive-date=9 October 2014}}</ref> "Naan Kanda Kanavil" is based on "Zindagi Mein Pyar Karna" from the Hindi original, and the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] song "Andorinha Preta".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Karthik |date=5 February 2019 |title=When A Portuguese Song Made Its Way into Phool Aur Patthar And Its Remake Starring Jayalalitha |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/portuguese-song-phool-aur-patthar-remake-starring-jayalalithaa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205153430/https://www.filmcompanion.in/portuguese-song-phool-aur-patthar-remake-starring-jayalalithaa |archive-date=5 February 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref> The instrumental piece "Whistlings, Sips and Drunkenness" is not included in the soundtrack.<ref name="BFTP" />
The music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oli Vilakku (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/oli-vilakku-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1328759600 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220608080309/https://music.apple.com/us/album/oli-vilakku-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1328759600 |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> One sequence required Ramachandran to act drunk and mouth a song. Ramachandran, who generally avoided smoking and drinking in films, was stuck in a dilemma, and approached Vaali who presented a solution: Ramachandran's character would be drunk, but his conscience would emerge as four different beings to criticise his acting in the song. Ramachandran then asked Vaali for the ''[[pallavi]]'', and Vaali wrote the lines "Dhayiriamaaga sol nee manidhan thaanaa, Nee thaan oru mirugam, Indha madhuvil vizhum neram" (Tell me bravely, are you a human? You are a beast when you fall into this alcohol), which impressed Ramachandran.{{sfn|Kannan|2017|pp=87–88}} The song "Aandavane Un" is set in [[Shivaranjani]] raga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=28 September 2012 |title=Sivaranjani for pathos |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/sivaranjani-for-pathos/article3945587.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009133841/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/sivaranjani-for-pathos/article3945587.ece |archive-date=9 October 2014 |access-date=5 February 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> "Naan Kanda Kanavil" is based on "Zindagi Mein Pyar Karna" from the Hindi original, and the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] song "Andorinha Preta".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=5 February 2019 |title=When A Portuguese Song Made Its Way into Phool Aur Patthar And Its Remake Starring Jayalalitha |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/portuguese-song-phool-aur-patthar-remake-starring-jayalalithaa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205153430/https://www.filmcompanion.in/portuguese-song-phool-aur-patthar-remake-starring-jayalalithaa |archive-date=5 February 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref> The instrumental piece "Whistlings, Sips and Drunkenness" is not included in the soundtrack.<ref name="BFTP" />


{{Track listing
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Dhairyamaka Chol
| title1 = Dhairyamaka Chol
Line 83: Line 89:
| extra8 = L. R. Eswari
| extra8 = L. R. Eswari
| length8 = 3:09
| length8 = 3:09
| total_length = 27:58 <!-- Automatically generated with User:JPxG/TrackSum.js -->
}}
}}


== Release and reception ==
== Release and reception ==
''Oli Vilakku'' was released on 20 September 1968.<ref name="poster" /> Two days later, the reviewer from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' derided the film, saying it "lapses into mediocrity thanks to inept handling of the theme and unconvincing performances." The reviewer criticised the performances of Ramachandran and Jayalalithaa, but praised that of Janaki.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 September 1968 |title=Mediocrity |page=3 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680922&printsec=frontpage&hl=en}}</ref> On 6 October 1968, the magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' published a review jointly conducted by many people, most of whom positively commented on the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 1968 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: ஒளி விளக்கு |url=https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2008-oct-29/vikatan-pokkisham/43901.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226172727/https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2008-oct-29/vikatan-pokkisham/43901.html |archive-date=26 February 2019 |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> ''Oli Vilakku'' ran for over 150 days in all theatres,<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://tamildigitallibrary.in/book-detail.php?id=jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZt8l0U3&tag=%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%20%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%20%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF.%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D. |title=சாதனை நாயகன் எம்.ஜி.ஆர். |publisher=Arulmozhi Publications |year=1997 |page=28 |language=ta |trans-title=MGR, the man of achievements}}</ref> and was Ramachandran's fifth turning point in his career. It became silver jubille.{{sfn|Kannan|2017|p=142}} According to historian [[Randor Guy]], the film was "one of the biggest hits of 1968", and performed well even in Sri Lanka.<ref name="BFTP" />
''Oli Vilakku'' was released on 20 September 1968,<ref name="poster" /> and distributed by Jothi Pictures.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 September 1968 |title=Oli Vilakku |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680908&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Two days later, the reviewer from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' derided the film, saying it "lapses into mediocrity thanks to inept handling of the theme and unconvincing performances." The reviewer criticised the performances of Ramachandran and Jayalalithaa, but praised that of Janaki.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 September 1968 |title=Mediocrity |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680922&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=17 August 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On 6 October 1968, the magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' published a review jointly conducted by many people, most of whom positively commented on the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 1968 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: ஒளி விளக்கு |url=https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2008-oct-29/vikatan-pokkisham/43901.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226172727/https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2008-oct-29/vikatan-pokkisham/43901.html |archive-date=26 February 2019 |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> ''Oli Vilakku'' was Ramachandran's eleventh turning point in his career.{{sfn|Kannan|2017|p=142}} According to historian [[Randor Guy]], the film was "one of the biggest hits of 1968", and performed well even in Sri Lanka.<ref name="BFTP" /> At Zainstan Cinema Hall at Colombo, it ran for over 150 days.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |title=From Sachi's Files – Chapter 20 {{!}} Colombo Diary of Teenage Years (1965-1970) |url=https://sangam.org/from-sachis-files-chapter-20/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204053729/https://sangam.org/from-sachis-files-chapter-20/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |access-date=4 December 2022 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref>


== Legacy ==
== Legacy ==
When Ramachandran was hospitalised in 1984 at [[Brooklyn Hospital Center|Brooklyn Hospital]], New York, footage showing a tearful Janaki lip syncing to "Aandavane Un" prefaced film screenings across cinema halls in Tamil Nadu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Venkatachalapathy |first=A. R. |author-link=A. R. Venkatachalapathy |date=12 May 2015 |title=Amma's apogee moment |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/ar-venkatachalapathy-on-jayalalithaas-acquittal-ammas-apogee-moment/article7194521.ece |url-status=live |access-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527051917/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/ar-venkatachalapathy-on-jayalalithaas-acquittal-ammas-apogee-moment/article7194521.ece |archive-date=27 May 2019}}</ref>
When Ramachandran was hospitalised in 1984 at [[Brooklyn Hospital Center|Brooklyn Hospital]], New York, footage showing a tearful Janaki lip syncing to "Aandavane Un" prefaced film screenings across cinema halls in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkatachalapathy |first=A. R. |author-link=A. R. Venkatachalapathy |date=12 May 2015 |title=Amma's apogee moment |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/ar-venkatachalapathy-on-jayalalithaas-acquittal-ammas-apogee-moment/article7194521.ece |url-status=live |access-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527051917/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/ar-venkatachalapathy-on-jayalalithaas-acquittal-ammas-apogee-moment/article7194521.ece |archive-date=27 May 2019}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="BFTP">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=5 March 2016 |title=Oli Vilakku (1968) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mgr-jayalalitha-and-sowcar-janaki-in-oli-vilakku-1968/article8317872.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605105335/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mgr-jayalalitha-and-sowcar-janaki-in-oli-vilakku-1968/article8317872.ece |archive-date=5 June 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="BFTP">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=5 March 2016 |title=Oli Vilakku (1968) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mgr-jayalalitha-and-sowcar-janaki-in-oli-vilakku-1968/article8317872.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605105335/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mgr-jayalalitha-and-sowcar-janaki-in-oli-vilakku-1968/article8317872.ece |archive-date=5 June 2017 |access-date=18 February 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="poster">{{Cite news |date=20 September 1968 |title=Oli Vilakku |page=3 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680920&printsec=frontpage&hl=en}}</ref>
<ref name="poster">{{Cite news |date=20 September 1968 |title=Oli Vilakku |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680920&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=18 February 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
}}
}}


== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=David |first=C. R. W. |title=Cinema as Medium of Communication in Tamil Nadu |publisher=Christian Literature Society |year=1983 |oclc=10443988}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kannan |first=R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2mclDwAAQBAJ&q=MGR+A+Life |title=MGR: A Life |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-93-86495-88-4 |location=India}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kannan |first=R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2mclDwAAQBAJ&q=MGR+A+Life |title=MGR: A Life |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-93-86495-88-4 |location=India}}


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{{Gemini Studios}}


[[Category:1960s action films]]
[[Category:1968 action films]]
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[[Category:1960s Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1960s Tamil-language films]]
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[[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about criminals]]

Latest revision as of 14:23, 13 November 2024

Oli Vilakku
Theatrical release poster
Directed byTapi Chanakya
Screenplay bySornam (dialogues)
Based onPhool Aur Patthar
by O. P. Ralhan
Produced byS. S. Vasan
StarringM. G. Ramachandran
Jayalalithaa
Sowcar Janaki
CinematographyU. Rajagopal
Edited byM. Umanath
Music byM. S. Viswanathan
Production
company
Distributed byJothi Pictures
Release date
  • 20 September 1968 (1968-09-20)
Running time
164 minutes
CountryIndia
LanguageTamil

Oli Vilakku (transl. Shining Lamp) is a 1968 Indian Tamil-language action film, directed by Tapi Chanakya and produced by S. S. Vasan. It is a remake of the Hindi-language film Phool Aur Patthar (1966). The film stars M. G. Ramachandran (in his 100th film), Jayalalithaa and Sowcar Janaki, with S. A. Ashokan, Manohar, Cho and V. S. Raghavan in supporting roles. It was released on 20 September 1968, and was one of the most successful Tamil films of the year, and became a turning point in Ramachandran's career.

In the film, a burglar rescues a widowed woman whose in-laws had left to die during an outbreak of plague. He is soon framed for kidnapping her by relatives who are after the woman's inheritance.

Plot

[edit]

Muthu is a career criminal who works for Master Jambu along with his girlfriend Geetha. Who becomes friends with Kadri, another petty thief. Due to his repetitive crimes, the court orders him to stay in a small town for six months. But, two days before his release, he escapes. Master Jambu gives him another job to rob a safe full of gold from the rich. When a plague empties Maanggudi of its inhabitants; Muthu takes the opportunity to burgle a house.

Muthy finds nothing except Shanti. She is A widowed daughter-in-law which the cruel relatives had left to die. Pannaiyar Paramsivam, his wife, and their son, Somu. Shanti has married off when she was four years old to a boy of five years old. But the boy dies soon after. Muthu brings a local village doctor, Kannaiyah, and nurses her back to health. When her relatives return, they are not pleased to find her alive. And even less pleased to discover that someone has tried to rob them. Shanti gets the blame and a beating as they suspect her of having an affair with thief, Muthu. Somu, Pannaiyar Paramasivam's other son, tries to rape Shanti. Muthu saves her from this and the pair flee, with help of Kadri, who treats Shanti as her sister. They set up home in Muthu's house. Much to the displeasure of the respectable neighbours, who are all too ready to think the worst. Shanti's relatives feel dismayed when a lawyer arrives to announce that Shanti's uncle, has left a legacy for 500,000 rupees. They hatch a plot to get her back. By making false police report that Muthu kidnapped Shanti and stole their gold. This is overheard by the Kannaiyah who happens to pass by to visit Shanti and Muthu.

Muthu approaches Master Jambu to borrow money. Yet, Jambu sedates him. Geetha assists with hesitation, Master Jambu. Fearing that they may lose Muthu. Then, Kannaiyah steals the gold from Pannaiyar Paramasivam, which Kadhri learns of. Meanwhile, Shanti appears as a local prostitute by the local neighbours. Which enrages Muthu, culminating in an assault by him on one of the neighbours. Shanti pacifies Muthu and Muthu reforms to be a good man. One day, Somu notices Muthu with Geetha. Somu, with the help of police, chase both of them but they escape. Somu meets the commissioner and both of them then go to see Muthu and Shanti. But, Kadri, disguised as Shanti, saves them. Shanti persuades both Kadri and Muthu to reform. Master Jambu learns that Muthu reforms through Shanti. He persuades Muthu to steal a diamond necklace worth 2 million. Muthu, with hesitation, agrees that the robbery will be his last in exchange for his freedom. Master Jambu reveals that about three years ago, while he was committing a bank robbery, Muthu tried to stop them and saw the robbery. Yet, he cannot prove this to the court due to his past criminal history. Muthu came out after one year from his jail sentence. He works with the commissioner to nab the real culprits, but is fooled by Master Jambu. Master Jambu then traps Muthu into his gang, by playing drama. Geetha, through accident, kills Master Jambu gang member Rathnam to save Muthu. Yet, Rathnam is still alive and both Muthu and Geetha believe that Rathnam is dead. The rest of the story follows how Muthu escapes from Master Jambu's gang, and Shanti and Geetha's fate.

Cast

[edit]

Production

[edit]

Oli Vilakku was directed by Tapi Chanakya and produced by S. S. Vasan under Gemini Studios; Vasan was not credited onscreen as producer. The film was M. G. Ramachandran's 100th as an actor, and a remake of the Hindi-language film Phool Aur Patthar (1966).[1][2] Ramachandran agreed to act in the film only after long sessions of negotiations with Vasan, who assented to the conditions laid down by Ramachandran regarding to the choice of costume and the characterisation of the male lead.[3] It was Gemini' first colour film,[4] being colourised through Eastmancolor,[5] and was V. S. Raghavan's first collaboration with Ramachandran.[6] While Jayalalithaa was chosen to reprise the role originally played by Shashikala,[7] Sowcar Janaki asked Ramachandran if she could reprise Meena Kumari's role; he accepted. This was the second time after Shavukaru (1950) that Janaki asked for a role.[8]

The dialogues were written by Sornam, art direction was handled by A. K. Sekhar,[9] cinematography was handled by U. Rajagopal and the editing by M. Umanath.[1] While Janaki was initially billed as the first female actress in the opening credits, Jayalalithaa demanded she be billed first as she considered herself more popular; her request was granted.[10] During the film's Kodaikanal shooting schedule, Ramachandran cancelled a day's shoot because of the cold weather and ensured that all the crew members received a blanket.[11] Unlike the original, where the male lead (Dharmendra) marries the widow (Kumari), the climax was changed for Oli Vilakku at Ramachandran's suggestion; it ends with the male lead (Ramachandran) marrying the unmarried woman (Jayalalithaa) while the widow (Janaki) dies.[12]

Soundtrack

[edit]

The music was composed by M. S. Viswanathan and lyrics were written by Vaali.[13] One sequence required Ramachandran to act drunk and mouth a song. Ramachandran, who generally avoided smoking and drinking in films, was stuck in a dilemma, and approached Vaali who presented a solution: Ramachandran's character would be drunk, but his conscience would emerge as four different beings to criticise his acting in the song. Ramachandran then asked Vaali for the pallavi, and Vaali wrote the lines "Dhayiriamaaga sol nee manidhan thaanaa, Nee thaan oru mirugam, Indha madhuvil vizhum neram" (Tell me bravely, are you a human? You are a beast when you fall into this alcohol), which impressed Ramachandran.[14] The song "Aandavane Un" is set in Shivaranjani raga.[15] "Naan Kanda Kanavil" is based on "Zindagi Mein Pyar Karna" from the Hindi original, and the Portuguese song "Andorinha Preta".[16] The instrumental piece "Whistlings, Sips and Drunkenness" is not included in the soundtrack.[1]

Track listing
No.TitleSinger(s)Length
1."Dhairyamaka Chol"T. M. Soundararajan3:23
2."Nanga Pudusa"T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela3:12
3."Aandavane Un"P. Susheela3:16
4."Rukminiye"T. M. Soundararajan, L. R. Eswari3:18
5."Mampazha Thottam"Sirkazhi Govindarajan, L. R. Eswari4:15
6."Iraiva Un Maaligaiyil"P. Susheela4:04
7."Nee Thaan"T. M. Soundararajan3:21
8."Naan Kanda Kanavinil"L. R. Eswari3:09
Total length:27:58

Release and reception

[edit]

Oli Vilakku was released on 20 September 1968,[9] and distributed by Jothi Pictures.[17] Two days later, the reviewer from The Indian Express derided the film, saying it "lapses into mediocrity thanks to inept handling of the theme and unconvincing performances." The reviewer criticised the performances of Ramachandran and Jayalalithaa, but praised that of Janaki.[18] On 6 October 1968, the magazine Ananda Vikatan published a review jointly conducted by many people, most of whom positively commented on the film.[19] Oli Vilakku was Ramachandran's eleventh turning point in his career.[20] According to historian Randor Guy, the film was "one of the biggest hits of 1968", and performed well even in Sri Lanka.[1] At Zainstan Cinema Hall at Colombo, it ran for over 150 days.[21]

Legacy

[edit]

When Ramachandran was hospitalised in 1984 at Brooklyn Hospital, New York, footage showing a tearful Janaki lip syncing to "Aandavane Un" prefaced film screenings across cinema halls in Tamil Nadu.[22]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Guy, Randor (5 March 2016). "Oli Vilakku (1968)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  2. ^ Kesavan, N. (14 May 2016). "100th film jinx grips the mighty sans 'Captain'". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  3. ^ David 1983, p. 71.
  4. ^ சுவாமிநாதன், ஸ்ரீதர் (8 March 2016). "எம்ஜிஆர் 100 | 16 – அர்ப்பணிப்புடன் கூடிய உழைப்புக்கு சொந்தக்காரர்!". Hindu Tamil Thisai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  5. ^ "ஒளி விளக்கு". Kalki (in Tamil). 22 September 1968. p. 2. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  6. ^ Rangarajan, Malathi (8 October 2010). "A virtuoso recalls". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  7. ^ Chowdhary, Y. Sunita (6 December 2016). "First among equals". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  8. ^ Mary, S. B. Vijaya (29 April 2021). "'Sowcar' Janaki: 'I'm an incurable romantic'". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Oli Vilakku". The Indian Express. 20 September 1968. p. 3. Retrieved 18 February 2019 – via Google News Archive.
  10. ^ Narasimham, M. L. (6 December 2016). "Jayalalithaa: The queen bee of politics". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  11. ^ Srivatsan, S. (18 May 2019). "'Sholay' to 'Darbar': This man is responsible for shining a light on four generations of actors". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  12. ^ Sri Kantha, Sachi (21 January 2014). "MGR Remembered – Part 14 | Carping critics". Ilankai Tamil Sangam. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  13. ^ "Oli Vilakku (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". Apple Music. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  14. ^ Kannan 2017, pp. 87–88.
  15. ^ Mani, Charulatha (28 September 2012). "Sivaranjani for pathos". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  16. ^ Srinivasan, Karthik (5 February 2019). "When A Portuguese Song Made Its Way into Phool Aur Patthar And Its Remake Starring Jayalalitha". Film Companion. Archived from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  17. ^ "Oli Vilakku". The Indian Express. 8 September 1968. p. 3. Retrieved 12 July 2022 – via Google News Archive.
  18. ^ "Mediocrity". The Indian Express. 22 September 1968. p. 3. Retrieved 17 August 2018 – via Google News Archive.
  19. ^ "சினிமா விமர்சனம்: ஒளி விளக்கு". Ananda Vikatan (in Tamil). 6 October 1968. Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  20. ^ Kannan 2017, p. 142.
  21. ^ Sri Kantha, Sachi. "From Sachi's Files – Chapter 20 | Colombo Diary of Teenage Years (1965-1970)". Ilankai Tamil Sangam. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  22. ^ Venkatachalapathy, A. R. (12 May 2015). "Amma's apogee moment". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.

Bibliography

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