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{{short description|1970 Churchill-class nuclear-powered fleet submarine of the Royal Navy}}

{{Other ships|HMS Churchill}}
{{Other ships|HMS Churchill}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
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{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image= Hms_churchill_s46.jpg
|Ship image= Hms_churchill_s46.jpg
|Ship caption= HMS ''Churchill'' (S46) nuclear submarine at sea
|Ship caption= HMS ''Churchill'' at sea
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag=[[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|RN Ensign]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship name= HMS ''Churchill''
|Ship name= HMS ''Churchill''
|Ship namesake=[[Winston Churchill]]
|Ship namesake=[[Winston Churchill]]
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|Ship type=
|Ship type=
|Ship displacement= {{convert|4900|t|LT|0}} submerged
|Ship displacement= {{convert|4900|t|LT|0}} submerged
|Ship length= {{convert|86.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship length= {{convert|86.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam= {{convert|10.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam= {{convert|10.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship height=
|Ship draught= {{convert|8.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught= {{convert|8.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
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*[[British 21-inch torpedo#Mark VIII|Mark 8 torpedoes]]
*[[British 21-inch torpedo#Mark VIII|Mark 8 torpedoes]]
*[[Mark 24 Tigerfish|Tigerfish]] torpedoes
*[[Mark 24 Tigerfish|Tigerfish]] torpedoes
*[[Boeing Harpoon|RN Sub Harpoon missiles]]
*[[Boeing Harpoon|RN Sub Harpoon missiles]]
|Ship armour=
|Ship armour=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
|}
|}
'''HMS ''Churchill''''' was the first of three {{sclass|Churchill|submarine}} nuclear fleet submarines that served with the [[Royal Navy]].
'''HMS ''Churchill''''' was the first of three {{sclass|Churchill|submarine|0}}{{#tag:ref|Some sources call ''Churchill'' a "Repeat ''Valiant''",{{sfn|Hennessey|Jinks|2016|p=291}}<ref>{{harvnb|Friedman|2021|loc=Chapter 7: Going Nuclear}} "SSN 04 and SSN 05 were described as the Repeat ''Valiant'' Class (NSR 7064)."</ref> while others treat ''Churchill'' as a member of the five-submarine ''Valiant'' class.{{sfn|Blackman|1971|p=336}}{{sfn|Gardiner|Chumbley|1995|p=530}}|group=lower-alpha}} nuclear fleet submarines that served with the [[Royal Navy]].


==Construction==
==Construction==
''Churchill'', the Royal Navy's fourth nuclear-powered [[fleet submarine]] was ordered on 21 October 1965, and was [[Keel laying|laid down]] at [[Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering|Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Limited]] (VSEL)'s [[Barrow-in-Furness]] shipyard on 30 June 1967. The submarine was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] by [[Mary Soames, Baroness Soames|Mary Soames]], [[Winston Churchill]]'s youngest daughter, on 20 December 1968 and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 15 July 1970.<ref name="jfs71 p336">Blackman 1971, p. 336.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hillbeck|first=Ian W.|title=Boat Database: Churchill (S46)|work=Submariner's Associated: Barrow-in-Furness Branch|year=1997|url=http://www.rnsubs.co.uk/Boats/BoatDB2/index.php?BoatID=685|accessdate=11 April 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417121028/http://www.rnsubs.co.uk/Boats/BoatDB2/index.php?BoatID=685|archivedate=17 April 2015}}</ref>
In 1965, following a decision by the [[Labour government, 1964–1970|Labour government]] not to build a fifth {{sclass|Resolution|submarine|4}} ballistic missile submarine, production of nuclear-powered [[fleet submarine]]s, which had been postponed owing to the priority given to the [[Polaris (UK nuclear programme)|Polaris programme]], could be restarted.{{sfn|Hennessey|Jinks|2016|p=291}} ''Churchill'', the Royal Navy's fourth nuclear-powered [[fleet submarine]] was ordered on 21 October 1965, and was [[Keel laying|laid down]] at [[Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering|Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Limited]] (VSEL)'s [[Barrow-in-Furness]] shipyard on 30 June 1967.{{sfn|Blackman|1971|p=336}} Following a collision between sister submarine {{HMS|Warspite|S103|2}} and a Soviet [[Echo-class submarine#Echo II class|Echo II-class submarine]] in the [[Barents Sea]] on 9 October 1968, the [[Sail (submarine)|fin]] of ''Churchill'', still under construction at Barrow, was used to replace ''Warspite''{{'}}s fin, which had been badly damaged in the collision.{{sfn|Ballantyne|2014|p=134}}{{sfn|Hennessey|Jinks|2016|pp=310–313}} ''Churchill'' was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] by [[Mary Soames, Baroness Soames|Mary Soames]], [[Winston Churchill]]'s youngest daughter, on 20 December 1968,<ref>{{cite news |last=Gingeill |first=Basil |title=Tradition broken by Navy |newspaper=[[The Times]] |date=21 December 1968 |issue=57440 |page=1}}</ref> and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 15 July 1970.{{sfn|Blackman|1971|p=336}}


==Propulsion==
==Propulsion==
''Churchill'' was chosen to trial the first full-size submarine [[pump jet]] propulsion. Trials of a high-speed unit were followed by further trials with a low-speed unit, and these were successful enough for the same propulsion to be fitted in the rest of the class.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cold war, hot science: applied research in Britain's defence laboratories, 1945-1990|last1=Bud|first1=Robert|last2=Gummett|first2=Philip|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMx_6FtHBcUC&q=british+submarine+pump+jet&pg=PA166|publisher=NMSI Trading Ltd|year=2002|page=166|isbn=978-1-900747-47-9}}</ref> Later British submarine classes also featured the pump jet, although first-of-class vessels ''Swiftsure'' and ''Trafalgar'' were fitted with propellers at build.
''Churchill'' was chosen to trial the first full-size submarine [[pump jet]] propulsion. Trials of a high-speed unit were followed by further trials with a low-speed unit, and these were successful enough for the same propulsion to be fitted in the rest of the class.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cold war, hot science: applied research in Britain's defence laboratories, 1945-1990|last1=Bud|first1=Robert|last2=Gummett|first2=Philip|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMx_6FtHBcUC&q=british+submarine+pump+jet&pg=PA166|publisher=NMSI Trading Ltd|year=2002|page=166|isbn=978-1-900747-47-9}}</ref> Later British submarine classes also featured the pump jet, although first-of-class vessels ''Swiftsure'' and ''Trafalgar'' were fitted with propellers at build.


==References==
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
==Citations==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==References==
⚫
*{{cite book|editor-last=Blackman|editor-first=Raymond V. B.|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1971–72|year=1971|publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd|location=London|isbn=0-354-00096-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Ballantyne |first=Iain |title=Hunter Killers: The Dramatic Untold Story of the Royal Navy's Most Secret Service |year=2014 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-1-4091-3901-0}}
⚫
* {{cite book |editor-last=Blackman |editor-first=Raymond V. B. |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1971–72 |year=1971 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd |location=London |isbn=0-354-00096-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Friedman |first=Norman |author-link=Norman Friedman |title=British Submarines in the Cold War Era |year=2021 |location=Barnsley, UK |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |isbn=978-1-5267-7123-0}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Gardiner |editor1-first=Robert |editor2-last=Chumbley |editor2-first=Stephen |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995 |year=1995 |location=Annapolis, Maryland, US |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=1-55750-132-7}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hennessey |first1=Peter |last2=Jinks |first2=James |title=The Silent Deep: The Royal Navy Submarine Service since 1945 |year=2016 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-241-95948-0}}


==External links==
==External links==
* http://www.hmschurchill.co.uk
* http://www.hmschurchill.co.uk {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517171608/http://hmschurchill.co.uk/ |date=17 May 2008 }}
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1060023769 Film of ''Churchill''{{'}}s launch- Imperial War Museum]
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1060023769 Film of ''Churchill''{{'}}s launch- Imperial War Museum]


<!-- non-breaking space to keep AWB drones from altering the space before the navbox-->
{{Churchill class submarine}}
{{Churchill class submarine}}


Latest revision as of 21:34, 13 November 2024

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Churchill.

HMS Churchill at sea
History
United Kingdom
NameHMS Churchill
NamesakeWinston Churchill
Ordered21 October 1965
Laid down30 June 1967
Launched20 December 1968
Commissioned15 July 1970
Decommissioned28 February 1991
FateAwaiting disposal
Badge
General characteristics
Class and typeChurchill-class submarine
Displacement4,900 tonnes (4,823 long tons) submerged
Length86.9 m (285 ft 1 in)
Beam10.1 m (33 ft 2 in)
Draught8.2 m (26 ft 11 in)
Propulsion1 Rolls-Royce PWR nuclear reactor, 1 shaft
Speed28 knots (32 mph; 52 km/h) submerged
Complement103
Armament

HMS Churchill was the first of three Churchill-class[a] nuclear fleet submarines that served with the Royal Navy.

Construction

[edit]

In 1965, following a decision by the Labour government not to build a fifth Resolution class ballistic missile submarine, production of nuclear-powered fleet submarines, which had been postponed owing to the priority given to the Polaris programme, could be restarted.[1] Churchill, the Royal Navy's fourth nuclear-powered fleet submarine was ordered on 21 October 1965, and was laid down at Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Limited (VSEL)'s Barrow-in-Furness shipyard on 30 June 1967.[3] Following a collision between sister submarine Warspite and a Soviet Echo II-class submarine in the Barents Sea on 9 October 1968, the fin of Churchill, still under construction at Barrow, was used to replace Warspite's fin, which had been badly damaged in the collision.[5][6] Churchill was launched by Mary Soames, Winston Churchill's youngest daughter, on 20 December 1968,[7] and commissioned on 15 July 1970.[3]

Propulsion

[edit]

Churchill was chosen to trial the first full-size submarine pump jet propulsion. Trials of a high-speed unit were followed by further trials with a low-speed unit, and these were successful enough for the same propulsion to be fitted in the rest of the class.[8] Later British submarine classes also featured the pump jet, although first-of-class vessels Swiftsure and Trafalgar were fitted with propellers at build.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Some sources call Churchill a "Repeat Valiant",[1][2] while others treat Churchill as a member of the five-submarine Valiant class.[3][4]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Hennessey & Jinks 2016, p. 291.
  2. ^ Friedman 2021, Chapter 7: Going Nuclear "SSN 04 and SSN 05 were described as the Repeat Valiant Class (NSR 7064)."
  3. ^ a b c Blackman 1971, p. 336.
  4. ^ Gardiner & Chumbley 1995, p. 530.
  5. ^ Ballantyne 2014, p. 134.
  6. ^ Hennessey & Jinks 2016, pp. 310–313.
  7. ^ Gingeill, Basil (21 December 1968). "Tradition broken by Navy". The Times. No. 57440. p. 1.
  8. ^ Bud, Robert; Gummett, Philip (2002). Cold war, hot science: applied research in Britain's defence laboratories, 1945-1990. NMSI Trading Ltd. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-900747-47-9.

References

[edit]
  • Ballantyne, Iain (2014). Hunter Killers: The Dramatic Untold Story of the Royal Navy's Most Secret Service. London: Orion. ISBN 978-1-4091-3901-0.
  • Blackman, Raymond V. B., ed. (1971). Jane's Fighting Ships 1971–72. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd. ISBN 0-354-00096-9.
  • Friedman, Norman (2021). British Submarines in the Cold War Era. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5267-7123-0.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, US: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
  • Hennessey, Peter; Jinks, James (2016). The Silent Deep: The Royal Navy Submarine Service since 1945. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-241-95948-0.
[edit]
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