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{{Short description|Steam locomotive wheel arrangement}} |
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{{one source|date=February 2015}} |
{{one source|date=February 2015}} |
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Under the [[Whyte notation]] for the classification of [[steam locomotive]]s, '''4-2-2-0''' represents the [[wheel arrangement]] of four [[leading wheel]]s on two axles, four powered but uncoupled [[driving wheel]]s on two axles, and no [[trailing wheel]]s. |
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Under the [[Whyte notation]] for the classification of [[steam locomotive]]s, '''4-2-2-0''' represents the [[wheel arrangement]] of four [[leading wheel]]s on two axles, four independently driven [[driving wheel]]s on two axles, and no [[trailing wheel]]s. The arrangement became known as ''double single''.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DuTvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA63 |title=L&SWR Drummond Passenger and Mixed Traffic Locomotive Classes |year=2020 |publisher=Pen and Sward Transport |language=en |page=63|isbn=978-1-5267-6984-8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Evolution of Compound Locomotives |periodical=|publisher=|url=http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r043.html |url-status=|format=|access-date=2023-07-08|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=|year=1935|language=en|pages=|quote=}}</ref> |
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==Usage== |
==Usage== |
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This unusual wheel arrangement was first used 1884 by Francis Webb in LNWR No. 3026, a 3-cylinder rebuild of a Metropolitan 4-4-0 Tank engine. |
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This very unusual wheel arrangement was first used 1893 by ''Frederick Charles Winby'' for the locomotive ''James Toleman'', built by [[Hawthorn Leslie & Company]]. It was exhibited at the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in [[Chicago]] and then delivered to the [[Milwaukee Road]].<ref>{{cite web|title=James Toleman|periodical=|publisher=|url=http://britbahn.wikidot.com/james-toleman|url-status=|format=|access-date=2022-05-11|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=|date=|year=|language=de|pages=|quote=}}</ref> |
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[[File:James Toleman 1893 World's Columbian Exposition.jpg|thumb|The ''James Toleman'']] |
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In 1893, the arrangement was used by the British engineer Frederick Charles Winby for the locomotive ''James Toleman'', built by [[Hawthorn Leslie & Company]] in Britain. It was exhibited at the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in [[Chicago]] and then delivered to the [[Milwaukee Road]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Angus|last=Sinclair |title=Development of the Locomotive Engine |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924003627167/page/496 |year=1907 |publisher=Angus Sinclair Publishing Company |language=English |page=496-499}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=John W. |last=Smith |title=F. C. Winby’s "James Toleman" |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_railroad-history_1928_17/page/n13/mode/2up |year=1928 |publisher=The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society |language=English |page=12-14}}</ref> |
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Between 1897 and 1901 [[Dugald Drummond]] of the [[London and South Western Railway]] used this wheel arrangement on two classes of [[divided drive (locomotive)|divided drive]] locomotives, the [[LSWR T7 class|T7]] and |
Between 1897 and 1901 [[Dugald Drummond]] of the [[London and South Western Railway]] used this wheel arrangement on two classes of [[divided drive (locomotive)|divided drive]] locomotives, the [[LSWR T7 class|T7]] and E10 classes. The absence of [[coupling rods]] enabled the driving wheels to be more widely spaced than on a [[4-4-0]] locomotive and permitted the inclusion of a larger [[Firebox (steam engine)|firebox]]<ref>{{cite book| first=D.L.| last=Bradley| title=Locomotives of the London and South Western Railway, Part 2| publisher=Railway Correspondence and Travel Society| year=1967| page=77}}</ref> |
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Seven locomotives of the type were built which performed adequately, but |
Seven locomotives of the type were built which performed adequately, but the uncoupled drivers led to poorer balance and increased wheelslip compared to 4-4-0s,<ref>{{cite web|title=London & South Western 4-2-2-0 Locomotives in Great_Britain|url=https://www.steamlocomotive.com/locobase.php?country=Great_Britain&wheel=4-2-2-0&railroad=lsw|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> thus the type was not perpetuated. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 21:57, 13 November 2024
 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (February 2015) |
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-2-2-0 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, four independently driven driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels. The arrangement became known as double single.[1][2]
Usage
[edit]This unusual wheel arrangement was first used 1884 by Francis Webb in LNWR No. 3026, a 3-cylinder rebuild of a Metropolitan 4-4-0 Tank engine.
In 1893, the arrangement was used by the British engineer Frederick Charles Winby for the locomotive James Toleman, built by Hawthorn Leslie & Company in Britain. It was exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago and then delivered to the Milwaukee Road.[3][4]
Between 1897 and 1901 Dugald Drummond of the London and South Western Railway used this wheel arrangement on two classes of divided drive locomotives, the T7 and E10 classes. The absence of coupling rods enabled the driving wheels to be more widely spaced than on a 4-4-0 locomotive and permitted the inclusion of a larger firebox[5]
Seven locomotives of the type were built which performed adequately, but the uncoupled drivers led to poorer balance and increased wheelslip compared to 4-4-0s,[6] thus the type was not perpetuated.
References
[edit]- ^ L&SWR Drummond Passenger and Mixed Traffic Locomotive Classes. Pen and Sward Transport. 2020. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-5267-6984-8.
- ^ "The Evolution of Compound Locomotives". 1935. Retrieved 2023-07-08.
- ^ Sinclair, Angus (1907). Development of the Locomotive Engine. Angus Sinclair Publishing Company. p. 496-499.
- ^ Smith, John W. (1928). F. C. Winby’s "James Toleman". The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society. p. 12-14.
- ^ Bradley, D.L. (1967). Locomotives of the London and South Western Railway, Part 2. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. p. 77.
- ^ "London & South Western 4-2-2-0 Locomotives in Great_Britain". Retrieved 2024-06-18.