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{{Short description|Indian academic, judge and politician (1867–1955)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Dewan Bahadur]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Dewan Bahadur]]
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| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1867|06|03}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1867|06|03}}
| birth_place = [[Ajmer]], [[Ajmer-Merwara]]
| birth_place = [[Ajmer]], [[Ajmer-Merwara]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1955|01|20|1867|06|03}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1955|01|20|1867|06|03}}
| death_place = Ajmer, [[Ajmer State]]
| death_place = Ajmer, [[Ajmer State]]
| death_cause =
| death_cause =
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| education =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = teacher, judge, legislator
| occupation = Teacher, judge, legislator, social reformer
| years_active =
| years_active =
| era =
| era =
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| opponents =
| opponents =
| boards =
| boards =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| denomination = [[Arya Samaj]]
| spouse = <!-- Use article title or common name -->
| spouse = <!-- Use article title or common name -->
| partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) -->
| partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) -->
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| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Har Bilas Sarda''' (1867-1955) was an Indian academic, judge and politician. He is best known for having introduced the [[Child Marriage Restraint Act]] (1929).
'''Har Bilas Sarda''' (1867–1955) was an Indian academic, judge, and politician. He is best known for having introduced the [[Child Marriage Restraint Act]] (1929).


== Early life ==
== Early life ==


Har Bilas Sarda was born on 3 June 1867 in Ajmer, in a [[Maheshwari]] family. His father Sriyut Har Narayan Sarda (Maheshwari) was a [[Vedanta|Vedantist]], who worked as a librarian at the Government College, Ajmer. He had a sister who died in September 1892. As a child, Har Bilas helped his father during summer vacations, and read a number of books on literature, philosophy and history.<ref name="HBS_1935">{{cite book |author=Ram Gopal |title=Har Bilas Sarda: A Sketch |work=Speeches and Writings: Har Bilas Sarda |url=https://archive.org/details/speechesandwriti030754mbp |year=1935 |publisher=Vedic Yantralaya |pages=xxv-xlvi}}</ref>
Har Bilas Sarda was born on 3 June 1867 in Ajmer, in a [[Maheshwari]] family. His father, Sriyut Har Narayan Sarda (Maheshwari), was a [[Vedanta|Vedantist]] who worked as a librarian at the Government College, Ajmer. He had a sister who died in September 1892.<ref name="HBS_1935"/>


Sarda passed his matriculation exam in 1883. Subsequently, he studied at the [[Agra College]] (then affiliated to [[Calcutta University]]), and obtained a [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA) degree in 1888. He passed with Honours in English, and also studied philosophy and [[Persian language|Persian]]. He started his career as a teacher in the [[Government College, Ajmer]], in 1889. He wanted to pursue further studies at the Oxford University, but abandoned his plans because of his father's poor health. His father died in April 1892; a few months later, his sister and mother also died.<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
Sarda passed his matriculation exam in 1883. Subsequently, he studied at [[Agra College]] (then affiliated with [[Calcutta University]]), and obtained a [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA) degree in 1888. He passed with Honours in English and also studied philosophy and [[Persian language|Persian]]. He started his career as a teacher at the [[Government College, Ajmer]], in 1889. He wanted to pursue further studies at Oxford University, but abandoned his plans because of his father's poor health. His father died in April 1892; a few months later, his sister and mother also died.<ref name="HBS_1935">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/speechesandwriti030754mbp|chapter=Har Bilas Sarda: A Sketch|author=Ram Gopal|title=Speeches and Writings: Har Bilas Sarda|publisher=Vedic Yantralaya|year=1935|pages=xxv-xlvi}}</ref>


Sarda travelled extensively in British India, from [[Shimla]] in north to [[Rameswaram]] in south, and from [[Bannu]] in west to [[Calcutta]] in east. In 1888, Sarda visited the [[Indian National Congress]] session at [[Allahabad]]. He attended several more meetings of the Congress, including those at [[Nagpur]], [[Bombay]], [[Benares]], [[Calcutta]] and [[Lahore]].<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
Sarda travelled extensively in British India, from [[Shimla]] in the north to [[Rameswaram]] in the south, and from [[Bannu]] in the west to [[Calcutta]] in the east. In 1888, Sarda visited the [[Indian National Congress]] session in [[Allahabad]]. He attended several more meetings of the Congress, including those at [[Nagpur]], [[Bombay]], [[Benares]], [[Calcutta]], and [[Lahore]].<ref name="HBS_1935"/>


== Judicial service ==
== Judicial service ==


In 1892, Sarda started working at the Judicial Department of the [[Ajmer-Merwara]] province. In 1894, he became the Municipal Commissioner of Ajmer, and worked on revising the ''Ajmer Regulation Book'', the province's compendium of laws and regulations. Later, he was transferred to the Foreign Department, where he was appointed Guardian to the ruler of the [[Jaisalmer State]]. He returned to the Judicial Department of Ajmer-Merwara in 1902. There, over the years, he served in various roles, including the Additional Extra Assistant Commissioner, the Sub-judge First Class, and the Judge of Small Cause Court. He also served as the Honorary Secretary of the Ajmer-Merwara Publicity Board during [[World War I]]. In 1923, he was made the Additional District and Sessions Judge. He retired from the government service in December 1923.<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
In 1892, Sarda started working at the Judicial Department of the [[Ajmer-Merwara]] province. In 1894, he became the Municipal Commissioner of Ajmer and worked on revising the ''Ajmer Regulation Book'', the province's compendium of laws and regulations. Later, he was transferred to the Foreign Department, where he was appointed Guardian to the ruler of [[Jaisalmer State]]. He returned to the Judicial Department of Ajmer-Merwara in 1902. Over the years, he served in various roles, including the Additional Extra Assistant Commissioner, the Sub-judge First Class, and the Judge of Small Cause Court. He also served as the Honorary Secretary of the Ajmer-Merwara Publicity Board during [[World War I]]. In 1923, he was made the Additional District and Sessions Judge. He retired from the government service in December 1923.<ref name="HBS_1935"/>


In 1925, he was appointed Senior Judge of the Chief Court, [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]].<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
In 1925, he was appointed Senior Judge of the Chief Court, [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]].<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
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== Political career ==
== Political career ==


Sarda was elected a Member of the [[Central Legislative Assembly]] in January [[Indian general election, 1923|1924]], when Ajmer-Merwara was given a seat in the Assembly for the first time. He was re-elected to the Assembly in [[Indian general election, 1926|1926]] and [[Indian general election, 1930|1930]]. A member of the now-defunct Nationalist Party, he was elected its Deputy Leader in 1932. The same year, he was elected one of the Assembly's chairpersons.<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
Sarda was elected a member of the [[Central Legislative Assembly]] in January [[1923 Indian general election|1924]], when Ajmer-Merwara was given a seat in the Assembly for the first time. He was re-elected to the Assembly in [[1926 Indian general election|1926]] and [[1930 Indian general election|1930]]. A member of the now-defunct Nationalist Party, he was elected its Deputy Leader in 1932. The same year, he was elected one of the Assembly's chairpersons.<ref name="HBS_1935"/>


He served in several committees, including:<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
He served in several committees, including:<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
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# [[Child Marriage Restraint Act]] (passed in September 1929; came into effect in 1930)
# [[Child Marriage Restraint Act]] (passed in September 1929; came into effect in 1930)
# Ajmer-Merwara Court Fee Amendment Act (passed)
# Ajmer-Merwara Court Fee Amendment Act (passed)
# Ajmer- Merwara Juvenile Smoking Bill (thrown out by the [[Council of State (India)|Council of State]])
# Ajmer-Merwara Juvenile Smoking Bill (thrown out by the [[Council of State (India)|Council of State]])
# A bill to give the Hindu widows a right in family property (thrown out due to Government opposition)
# A bill to give the Hindu widows a right to family property (thrown out due to government opposition)


Sarda also played a role in the municipal administration. He was appointed a member of the Ajmer Municipal Administration Enquiry Committee in 1933, and was elected Senior Vice-Chairman of the New Municipal Committee in 1934.<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
Sarda also played a role in the municipal administration. He was appointed a member of the Ajmer Municipal Administration Enquiry Committee in 1933 and was elected Senior Vice-chairman of the New Municipal Committee.<ref name="HBS_1935"/> He served as the President of Rajasthan, Harijan Sevak Sangh, in 1934.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}


Besides legislative politics, he also participated in several social organizations. In 1925, he was elected President of the All India [[Vaishya]] Conference in [[Bareilly]]. In 1930, he was elected President of the Indian National Social Conference in [[Lahore]].<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
Besides legislative politics, he also participated in several social organizations. In 1925, he was elected President of the All India [[Vaishya]] Conference in [[Bareilly]]. In 1930, he was elected President of the Indian National Social Conference in [[Lahore]].<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
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== Arya Samaj ==
== Arya Samaj ==


Har Bilas Sarda was a follower of the Hindu reformer [[Dayanand Saraswati]] since childhood, and a member of the [[Arya Samaj]]. In 1888, he was appointed President of the Ajmer chapter of the Samaj, and also President of the Pratinidhi Sabha (representative committee of the Arya Samajis) of [[Rajputana Agency|Rajputana]]. In 1890, he was appointed a member of the Paropkarini Sabha, a body of 23 members appointed by Dayanand Saraswati by his will to carry on his works after him. In 1894, he replaced [[Mohanlal Pandya]] as the Joint Secretary of the Paropkarini Sabha, when the organization's office moved from [[Udaipur]] to Ajmer. After Pandya's retirement, Sarda became the sole Secretary of the organization.<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
Har Bilas Sarda was a follower of the Hindu reformer [[Dayanand Saraswati]] since childhood and a member of the [[Arya Samaj]]. In 1888, he was appointed President of the Ajmer chapter of the Samaj, and also President of the Pratinidhi Sabha (representative committee of the Arya Samajis) of [[Rajputana Agency|Rajputana]]. In 1890, he was appointed a member of the Paropkarini Sabha, a body of 23 members appointed by Dayanand Saraswati by his will to carry on his works after him. In 1894, he replaced [[Mohanlal Pandya]] as the Joint Secretary of the Paropkarini Sabha when the organization's office moved from [[Udaipur]] to Ajmer. After Pandya's retirement, Sarda became the sole secretary of the organization.<ref name="HBS_1935"/>


Sarda played an important role in the establishment of a [[Dayanand Anglo-Vedic Schools System|DAV School]] in Ajmer, and later became the President of DAV Committee of Ajmer.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sambodh Goswami |title=Female Infanticide and Child Marriage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=do_aAAAAMAAJ |date=1 January 2007 |publisher=Rawat Publications |isbn=978-81-316-0112-9 |page=212 }}</ref> He also played an important role in organizing Dayanand's Birth Centenary functions in [[Mathura]], in 1925. He was General Secretary of the group that organized a function for Semi-Centenary of Dayanand in Ajmer, in 1933.<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
Sarda played an important role in the establishment of a [[Dayanand Anglo-Vedic Schools System|DAV school]] in Ajmer and later became the President of the DAV Committee of Ajmer.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sambodh Goswami |title=Female Infanticide and Child Marriage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=do_aAAAAMAAJ |date=1 January 2007 |publisher=Rawat Publications |isbn=978-81-316-0112-9 |page=212 }}</ref> He also played an important role in organizing Dayanand's Birth Centenary functions in [[Mathura]], in 1925. He was General Secretary of the group that organized a function for the semi-centenary of Dayanand in Ajmer in 1933.<ref name="HBS_1935"/>


== Author ==
== Author ==
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Sarda authored the following books and monographs:<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
Sarda authored the following books and monographs:<ref name="HBS_1935"/>


# ''Hindu Superiority'' {{ISBN|9780265215074}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarda |first=Harb Bilas |url=https://archive.org/details/hindusuperiority00sarduoft |title=Hindu Superiority: an attempt to determine the position of the Hindu race in the scale of nations |publisher=Ajmer Rajputana Printing Works |year=1906 |isbn=9780265215074 |location=Ajmer}}</ref>
# ''Hindu Superiority''
# ''Ajmer: Historical and Descriptive'' {{ISBN|9789381839119}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarda |first=Har Bilas |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.213052 |title=Ajmer: Historical And Descriptive |publisher=Scottish Mission Industries Company Limited |year=1911 |isbn=9789381839119 |location=Ajmer}}</ref>
# ''Ajmer: Historical and Descriptive''
# ''Maharana Kumbha'' {{ISBN|9780267557141}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarda |first=Har Bilas |url=https://archive.org/details/maharanakumbhaso00sardrich |title=Maharana Kumbha: sovereign, soldier, scholar |publisher=Scottish Industries Company Limited |year=1917 |isbn=9780267557141 |edition=1st |location=Ajmer}}</ref>
# ''Maharana Kumbha''
# ''Maharana Sanga'' {{ISBN|9781290942614}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarda |first=Har Bilas |url=https://archive.org/details/maharanasangahin00sardrich |title=Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race |publisher=Scottish Industries Company Limited |year=1918 |isbn=9781290942614 |location=Ajmer}}</ref>
# ''Maharana Sanga''
# ''Maharaja Hammir of Ranthambhor''
# ''Maharaja Hammir of Ranthambhor''


He wrote research papers for ''[[The Indian Antiquary]]'' and ''[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society]]''.<ref name="HBS_1935"/>
He wrote research papers for ''[[The Indian Antiquary]]'' and the ''[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society]]''.<ref name="HBS_1935"/>


== Awards and honours ==
== Awards and honours ==


Sarda was awarded following titles by the British Indian government:<ref name="Thomas1937">{{cite book |author=Thomas Peter |title=The Royal Coronation Number and Who's who in India, Burma and Ceylon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4BAbAAAAIAAJ |year=1937 |publisher=Sun Publishing House}}</ref>
Sarda was awarded the following titles by the British Indian government:<ref name="Thomas1937">{{cite book |author=Thomas Peter |title=The Royal Coronation Number and Who's who in India, Burma and Ceylon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4BAbAAAAIAAJ |year=1937 |publisher=Sun Publishing House}}</ref>


* [[Rai Sahib]], for his services in garnering support for the British government during the [[World War I]]
* [[Rai Sahib]], for his services in garnering support for the British government during [[World War I]]
* [[Dewan Bahadur]] (1931), for his work in the Legislative Assembly
* [[Dewan Bahadur]] (1931), for his work in the Legislative Assembly


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* ''[https://archive.org/details/maharanasangahin00sardrich Maharana Sanga]'' by Har Bilas Sarda
* ''[https://archive.org/details/maharanasangahin00sardrich Maharana Sanga]'' by Har Bilas Sarda


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[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
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[[Category:Arya Samajis]]
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[[Category:People from Ajmer]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
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[[Category:1867 births]]
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[[Category:1955 deaths]]

Latest revision as of 01:00, 14 November 2024

Dewan Bahadur
Har Bilas Sarda
Born(1867-06-03)3 June 1867
Ajmer, Ajmer-Merwara
Died20 January 1955(1955-01-20) (aged 87)
Ajmer, Ajmer State
NationalityIndian
Other namesHarbilas Sharda
Occupation(s)Teacher, judge, legislator, social reformer
Known forChild Marriage Restraint Act

Har Bilas Sarda (1867–1955) was an Indian academic, judge, and politician. He is best known for having introduced the Child Marriage Restraint Act (1929).

Early life

[edit]

Har Bilas Sarda was born on 3 June 1867 in Ajmer, in a Maheshwari family. His father, Sriyut Har Narayan Sarda (Maheshwari), was a Vedantist who worked as a librarian at the Government College, Ajmer. He had a sister who died in September 1892.[1]

Sarda passed his matriculation exam in 1883. Subsequently, he studied at Agra College (then affiliated with Calcutta University), and obtained a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1888. He passed with Honours in English and also studied philosophy and Persian. He started his career as a teacher at the Government College, Ajmer, in 1889. He wanted to pursue further studies at Oxford University, but abandoned his plans because of his father's poor health. His father died in April 1892; a few months later, his sister and mother also died.[1]

Sarda travelled extensively in British India, from Shimla in the north to Rameswaram in the south, and from Bannu in the west to Calcutta in the east. In 1888, Sarda visited the Indian National Congress session in Allahabad. He attended several more meetings of the Congress, including those at Nagpur, Bombay, Benares, Calcutta, and Lahore.[1]

Judicial service

[edit]

In 1892, Sarda started working at the Judicial Department of the Ajmer-Merwara province. In 1894, he became the Municipal Commissioner of Ajmer and worked on revising the Ajmer Regulation Book, the province's compendium of laws and regulations. Later, he was transferred to the Foreign Department, where he was appointed Guardian to the ruler of Jaisalmer State. He returned to the Judicial Department of Ajmer-Merwara in 1902. Over the years, he served in various roles, including the Additional Extra Assistant Commissioner, the Sub-judge First Class, and the Judge of Small Cause Court. He also served as the Honorary Secretary of the Ajmer-Merwara Publicity Board during World War I. In 1923, he was made the Additional District and Sessions Judge. He retired from the government service in December 1923.[1]

In 1925, he was appointed Senior Judge of the Chief Court, Jodhpur.[1]

Political career

[edit]

Sarda was elected a member of the Central Legislative Assembly in January 1924, when Ajmer-Merwara was given a seat in the Assembly for the first time. He was re-elected to the Assembly in 1926 and 1930. A member of the now-defunct Nationalist Party, he was elected its Deputy Leader in 1932. The same year, he was elected one of the Assembly's chairpersons.[1]

He served in several committees, including:[1]

  • Petitions Committee
  • Primary Education Committee
  • Retrenchment Committee
  • General Purposes Sub-Committee
  • Standing Finance Committee
  • House Committee (President)
  • B. B. &. C. I. Railway Advisory Committee

As a legislator, he introduced several bills passed in the Assembly:[1]

  1. Child Marriage Restraint Act (passed in September 1929; came into effect in 1930)
  2. Ajmer-Merwara Court Fee Amendment Act (passed)
  3. Ajmer-Merwara Juvenile Smoking Bill (thrown out by the Council of State)
  4. A bill to give the Hindu widows a right to family property (thrown out due to government opposition)

Sarda also played a role in the municipal administration. He was appointed a member of the Ajmer Municipal Administration Enquiry Committee in 1933 and was elected Senior Vice-chairman of the New Municipal Committee.[1] He served as the President of Rajasthan, Harijan Sevak Sangh, in 1934.[citation needed]

Besides legislative politics, he also participated in several social organizations. In 1925, he was elected President of the All India Vaishya Conference in Bareilly. In 1930, he was elected President of the Indian National Social Conference in Lahore.[1]

Arya Samaj

[edit]

Har Bilas Sarda was a follower of the Hindu reformer Dayanand Saraswati since childhood and a member of the Arya Samaj. In 1888, he was appointed President of the Ajmer chapter of the Samaj, and also President of the Pratinidhi Sabha (representative committee of the Arya Samajis) of Rajputana. In 1890, he was appointed a member of the Paropkarini Sabha, a body of 23 members appointed by Dayanand Saraswati by his will to carry on his works after him. In 1894, he replaced Mohanlal Pandya as the Joint Secretary of the Paropkarini Sabha when the organization's office moved from Udaipur to Ajmer. After Pandya's retirement, Sarda became the sole secretary of the organization.[1]

Sarda played an important role in the establishment of a DAV school in Ajmer and later became the President of the DAV Committee of Ajmer.[2] He also played an important role in organizing Dayanand's Birth Centenary functions in Mathura, in 1925. He was General Secretary of the group that organized a function for the semi-centenary of Dayanand in Ajmer in 1933.[1]

Author

[edit]

Sarda authored the following books and monographs:[1]

  1. Hindu Superiority ISBN 9780265215074[3]
  2. Ajmer: Historical and Descriptive ISBN 9789381839119[4]
  3. Maharana Kumbha ISBN 9780267557141[5]
  4. Maharana Sanga ISBN 9781290942614[6]
  5. Maharaja Hammir of Ranthambhor

He wrote research papers for The Indian Antiquary and the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.[1]

Awards and honours

[edit]

Sarda was awarded the following titles by the British Indian government:[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Ram Gopal (1935). "Har Bilas Sarda: A Sketch". Speeches and Writings: Har Bilas Sarda. Vedic Yantralaya. pp. xxv–xlvi.
  2. ^ Sambodh Goswami (1 January 2007). Female Infanticide and Child Marriage. Rawat Publications. p. 212. ISBN 978-81-316-0112-9.
  3. ^ Sarda, Harb Bilas (1906). Hindu Superiority: an attempt to determine the position of the Hindu race in the scale of nations. Ajmer: Ajmer Rajputana Printing Works. ISBN 9780265215074.
  4. ^ Sarda, Har Bilas (1911). Ajmer: Historical And Descriptive. Ajmer: Scottish Mission Industries Company Limited. ISBN 9789381839119.
  5. ^ Sarda, Har Bilas (1917). Maharana Kumbha: sovereign, soldier, scholar (1st ed.). Ajmer: Scottish Industries Company Limited. ISBN 9780267557141.
  6. ^ Sarda, Har Bilas (1918). Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race. Ajmer: Scottish Industries Company Limited. ISBN 9781290942614.
  7. ^ Thomas Peter (1937). The Royal Coronation Number and Who's who in India, Burma and Ceylon. Sun Publishing House.
[edit]
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