1871 Ruang eruption and tsunami: Difference between revisions
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|name=1871 Ruang eruption and tsunami |
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|volcano=[[Ruang]] |
|volcano=[[Mount Ruang]] |
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|start_date=March 3, 1871 |
|start_date=March 3, 1871 |
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The '''1871 Ruang eruption''' began on March 3, and ended on March 14 at the [[Ruang]] volcano in the [[Molucca Sea]], Indonesia. The eruption triggered a locally devastating [[tsunami]] measuring 25 |
The '''1871 Ruang eruption''' began on March 3, and ended on March 14 at the [[Mount Ruang|Ruang]] volcano in the [[Molucca Sea]], Indonesia. The eruption triggered a locally devastating [[tsunami]] measuring {{cvt|25|m}}. It flooded many villages on nearby islands, killing some 400 people. |
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==Eruption== |
==Eruption== |
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The eruption on March 3 began when volcanic materials began falling from the summit and into the sea. German [[zoologist]] and [[anthropologist]] Dr. [[Adolf Bernhard Meyer]], an eyewitness to the eruption described Ruang as a conical island rising above the sea. At the time of the eruption, the island was uninhabited. The residents of nearby [[Tagulandang]] island however, owned plantations on Ruang island. A strong [[earthquake]] and loud rumbling sound occurred at 20:00 local time. Based on examining historical observations of the eruption, Pranantyo and others interpreted it as the partial collapse of the eastern volcanic flank. Simulation of a flank collapse and the triggered tsunami indicate the volume of the slide at 0.1 |
The eruption on March 3 began when volcanic materials began falling from the summit and into the sea. German [[zoologist]] and [[anthropologist]] Dr. [[Adolf Bernhard Meyer]], an eyewitness to the eruption described Ruang as a conical island rising above the sea. At the time of the eruption, the island was uninhabited. The residents of nearby [[Tagulandang]] island however, owned plantations on Ruang island. A strong [[earthquake]] and loud rumbling sound occurred at 20:00 local time. Based on examining historical observations of the eruption, Pranantyo and others interpreted it as the partial collapse of the eastern volcanic flank. Simulation of a flank collapse and the triggered tsunami indicate the volume of the slide at {{cvt|0.1|km3}} best fit the historical descriptions of the tsunami heights on nearby islands.<ref name="Pranantyo et al.">{{cite journal |author1=Ignatius R. Pranantyo |author2=Mohammad Heidarzadeh |author3=Phil R. Cummins |title=Complex tsunami hazards in eastern Indonesia from seismic and non-seismic sources: Deterministic modelling based on historical and modern data |journal=Geoscience Letters |date=2021 |volume=8 |issue=8 |page=20 |doi=10.1186/s40562-021-00190-y |bibcode=2021GSL.....8...20P |s2cid=233746800 |url=https://geoscienceletters.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40562-021-00190-y.pdf |doi-access=free }}</ref> The [[Global Volcanism Program]] at the [[Smithsonian Institution]] assigned the eruption Level 2 on the [[volcanic explosivity index]] (VEI).<ref name="gvp">{{cite gvp|name=Ruang|vn=267010|access-date=2022-01-23}}</ref> Eruptions continued on March 9–10 and 14.<ref name="NGDCA" /> |
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==Tsunami== |
==Tsunami== |
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According to Dr. Meyer, the tsunami caused extreme devastation on Tagulandang island, located next to Ruang, very few homes survived the tsunami.<ref name="om2">{{cite book|last1=Rowley |first1=G. D.|url = https://archive.org/stream/Ornithologicalm2#page/324/mode/1up | title=Ornithological Miscellany |date=1877|publisher=Taylor and Francis|location=London|pages= |
According to Dr. Meyer, the tsunami caused extreme devastation on Tagulandang island, located next to Ruang, very few homes survived the tsunami.<ref name="om2">{{cite book|last1=Rowley |first1=G. D.|url = https://archive.org/stream/Ornithologicalm2#page/324/mode/1up | title=Ornithological Miscellany |date=1877|publisher=Taylor and Francis|location=London|pages=324–325|volume=2}}</ref> Waves of up to {{cvt|25|m}} swept into the seaside settlements, and inundated {{cvt|180|m}} inland. Two additional tsunami waves struck the coast shortly after. The tsunami destroyed the village of Bahhuas; at least 75 homes were destroyed. Three homes remained at the coast but only one was safe for use; the two other homes suffered major damage. Many homes were overturned or obliterated. A church on the island with thick exterior walls was also demolished. Debris of homes were deposited all over the former settlement.<ref name="NGDCA">{{cite web |title=Significant Volcanic Eruption |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/volcano/event-more-info/533 |website=ngdc.noaa.gov |publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |access-date=23 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="Tsunami Event">{{cite web |title=Tsunami Event Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/1022 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |access-date=23 January 2022}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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*[[1888 Ritter Island eruption and tsunami]] |
*[[1888 Ritter Island eruption and tsunami]] |
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*[[2018 Sunda Strait tsunami]] |
*[[2018 Sunda Strait tsunami]] |
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*[[2022 Hunga |
*[[2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami]] |
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*[[List of tsunamis]] |
*[[List of tsunamis]] |
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*[[List of volcanic eruptions by death toll]] |
*[[List of volcanic eruptions by death toll]] |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Volcanic eruptions in Indonesia}} |
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[[Category:Tsunamis in Indonesia]] |
[[Category:Tsunamis in Indonesia]] |
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[[Category:19th-century volcanic events]] |
[[Category:19th-century volcanic events]] |
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[[Category:VEI-2 eruptions]] |
[[Category:VEI-2 eruptions]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:19th-century tsunamis]] |
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[[Category:Volcanic tsunamis]] |
[[Category:Volcanic tsunamis]] |
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[[Category:1871 natural disasters]] |
[[Category:1871 natural disasters]] |
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[[Category:Sangihe Islands]] |
[[Category:Sangihe Islands]] |
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[[Category:Geography of North Sulawesi]] |
[[Category:Geography of North Sulawesi]] |
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[[Category:Volcanic eruptions in Indonesia]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:57, 14 November 2024
| 1871 Ruang eruption and tsunami | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Volcano | Mount Ruang |
| Start date | March 3, 1871 |
| End date | March 14, 1871 |
| Location | Sangihe Islands, Molucca Sea |
| VEI | 2 |
| Deaths | 416 |
The 1871 Ruang eruption began on March 3, and ended on March 14 at the Ruang volcano in the Molucca Sea, Indonesia. The eruption triggered a locally devastating tsunami measuring 25 m (82 ft). It flooded many villages on nearby islands, killing some 400 people.
Eruption
[edit]The eruption on March 3 began when volcanic materials began falling from the summit and into the sea. German zoologist and anthropologist Dr. Adolf Bernhard Meyer, an eyewitness to the eruption described Ruang as a conical island rising above the sea. At the time of the eruption, the island was uninhabited. The residents of nearby Tagulandang island however, owned plantations on Ruang island. A strong earthquake and loud rumbling sound occurred at 20:00 local time. Based on examining historical observations of the eruption, Pranantyo and others interpreted it as the partial collapse of the eastern volcanic flank. Simulation of a flank collapse and the triggered tsunami indicate the volume of the slide at 0.1 km3 (0.024 cu mi) best fit the historical descriptions of the tsunami heights on nearby islands.[1] The Global Volcanism Program at the Smithsonian Institution assigned the eruption Level 2 on the volcanic explosivity index (VEI).[2] Eruptions continued on March 9–10 and 14.[3]
Tsunami
[edit]According to Dr. Meyer, the tsunami caused extreme devastation on Tagulandang island, located next to Ruang, very few homes survived the tsunami.[4] Waves of up to 25 m (82 ft) swept into the seaside settlements, and inundated 180 m (590 ft) inland. Two additional tsunami waves struck the coast shortly after. The tsunami destroyed the village of Bahhuas; at least 75 homes were destroyed. Three homes remained at the coast but only one was safe for use; the two other homes suffered major damage. Many homes were overturned or obliterated. A church on the island with thick exterior walls was also demolished. Debris of homes were deposited all over the former settlement.[3][5]
See also
[edit]- 1741 eruption of Oshima–Ōshima and the Kampo tsunami
- 1888 Ritter Island eruption and tsunami
- 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami
- 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami
- List of tsunamis
- List of volcanic eruptions by death toll
References
[edit]- ^ Ignatius R. Pranantyo; Mohammad Heidarzadeh; Phil R. Cummins (2021). "Complex tsunami hazards in eastern Indonesia from seismic and non-seismic sources: Deterministic modelling based on historical and modern data" (PDF). Geoscience Letters. 8 (8): 20. Bibcode:2021GSL.....8...20P. doi:10.1186/s40562-021-00190-y. S2CID 233746800.
- ^ "Ruang". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
- ^ a b "Significant Volcanic Eruption". ngdc.noaa.gov. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
- ^ Rowley, G. D. (1877). Ornithological Miscellany. Vol. 2. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 324–325.
- ^ "Tsunami Event Information". earthquake.usgs.gov. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 23 January 2022.