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{{Short description|Order of fishes}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Gadiformes
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Maastrichtian|present}}
| image = Atlantic-cod-1.jpg
| image = Atlantic-cod-1.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_upright = 1.15
| image_caption = ''Gadus morhua''
| image_caption = ''[[Gadus morhua]]''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| taxon = Gadiformes
⚫
| authority = [[Edwin Stephen Goodrich|Goodrich]], 1909
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
⚫
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| ordo = '''Gadiformes'''
⚫
| ordo_authority = [[Edwin Stephen Goodrich|Goodrich]], 1909
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision =
| subdivision = * [[Bregmacerotidae]] <small>Gill, 1872</small>
* [[Bathygadidae]] <small>Jordan & Evermann, 1898</small><ref name=Iwamoto2015/>
* [[Bregmacerotidae]] <small>Gill, 1872</small>
* [[Euclichthyidae]] <small>Cohen, 1984</small>
* [[Euclichthyidae]] <small>Cohen, 1984</small>
* [[Gadidae]] <small>Rafinesque, 1810</small>
* [[Gadidae]] <small>Rafinesque, 1810</small>
* [[Lotidae]] <small>Bonaparte, 1832</small>
* [[Lotidae]] <small>Bonaparte, 1832</small>
* [[Macrouridae]] <small>Bonaparte, 1831</small> <ref name=Iwamoto2015/>
* [[Macrouridae]] <small>Bonaparte, 1831</small> <ref name=Iwamoto2015>Iwamoto, T., Nakayama, N., Shao, K.-T. & Ho, H.-C. (2015): Synopsis of the Grenadier Fishes (Gadiformes; Teleostei) of Taiwan. ''Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (Series 4), 62 (3): 31–126.''</ref>
* [[Macrouroididae]] <small>Smith & Radcliffe, 1912</small><ref name=Iwamoto2015/>
* [[Melanonidae]] <small>Goode & Bean, 1896</small>
* [[Melanonidae]] <small>Goode & Bean, 1896</small>
* [[Merlucciidae]] <small>Gill, 1884</small>
* [[Merlucciidae]] <small>Gill, 1884</small>
Line 23: Line 18:
* [[Muraenolepididae]] <small>Regan, 1903</small>
* [[Muraenolepididae]] <small>Regan, 1903</small>
* [[Phycidae]] <small>Swainson, 1838</small>
* [[Phycidae]] <small>Swainson, 1838</small>
| type_species = ''[[Gadus morhua]]''
* [[Trachyrincidae]] <small>Goode & Bean, 1896</small> <ref name=Iwamoto2015>Iwamoto, T., Nakayama, N., Shao, K.-T. & Ho, H.-C. (2015): Synopsis of the Grenadier Fishes (Gadiformes; Teleostei) of Taiwan. ''Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (Series 4), 62 (3): 31-126.''</ref>
| type_species_authority = Linnaeus 1758
}}
}}


'''Gadiformes''' are an order of [[ray-finned fish]], also called the '''Anacanthini''', that includes the [[cod]] and its allies. Many major food fish are in this order. They are found in marine waters throughout the world and the vast majority of the species are found in [[temperate]] or colder regions (tropical species are typically deep-water). A few species may enter [[estuaries]] but only one, the [[burbot]] (''Lota lota''), is a freshwater fish.
'''Gadiformes''' {{IPAc-en|'|g|æ|d|ᵻ|f|ɔːr|m|iː|z}}, also called the '''Anacanthini''', are an [[order (biology)|order]] of [[ray-finned fish]] that include the [[cod]], [[hake]]s, [[pollock]], [[haddock]], [[burbot]], [[Lotidae|rockling]]s and [[Moridae|mora]]s, many of which are [[food fish]] of major commercial value. They are mostly [[marine fish]] found throughout the world and the vast majority are found in [[temperate]] or colder regions (tropical species are typically deep-water) while a few species may enter [[brackish]] [[estuaries]]. [[Microgadus proximus|Pacific tomcod]]s, one of the two species that makes up the genus [[Microgadus]], are able to enter freshwater, but there is no evidence that they breed there. Some populations of landlocked [[Microgadus tomcod|Atlantic tomcod]] on the other hand, complete their entire life cycle in freshwater. Yet only one species, the [[burbot]] (''Lota lota''), is a true [[freshwater fish]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UO6nAgAAQBAJ&dq=Gadidae+tomcod+landlocked+life+cycle+burbot&pg=PA417 The Freshwater Fishes of British Columbia]</ref>


Common characteristics include the positioning of the [[pelvic fin]]s (if present), below or in front of the [[pectoral fin]]s. Gadiformes are [[physoclist]]s, which means their [[gas bladder]]s do not have a [[pneumatic duct]]. The fins are spineless. Gadiform fish range in size from the [[codlet]]s, which may be as small as {{convert|7|cm|in|abbr=on}} in adult length, to the [[Atlantic cod]], ''Gadus morhua'', which reaches up to {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=EoF>{{cite book |editor=Paxton, J.R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N.|author= Cohen, D.M.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages= 130–132|isbn= 0-12-547665-5}}</ref>
Common characteristics include the positioning of the [[pelvic fin]]s (if present), below or in front of the [[pectoral fin]]s. Gadiformes are [[physoclist]]s, which means their [[swim bladder]]s do not have a [[pneumatic duct]]. The fins are spineless. Gadiform fish range in size from the [[codlet]]s, which may be as small as {{convert|7|cm|in|abbr=on}} in adult length, to the [[Atlantic cod]], ''Gadus morhua'', which reaches up to {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=EoF>{{cite book |editor=Paxton, J.R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N.|author= Cohen, D.M.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages= 130–132|isbn= 0-12-547665-5}}</ref>

The earliest gadiforms are ''[[Palaeogadus|Palaeogadus weltoni]]'' from the [[Maastrichtian]] of the United States and the undescribed, informally named "''Protocodus''" from the [[Danian|Early Paleocene]] of [[Greenland]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stringer |first1=Gary |last2=Schwarzhans |first2=Werner |date=2021-09-01 |title=Upper Cretaceous teleostean otoliths from the Severn Formation (Maastrichtian) of Maryland, USA, with an unusual occurrence of Siluriformes and Beryciformes and the oldest Atlantic coast Gadiformes |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=125 |pages=104867 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104867 |issn=0195-6671|doi-access=free |bibcode=2021CrRes.12504867S }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Friedman |first1=Matt |last2=V. Andrews |first2=James |last3=Saad |first3=Hadeel |last4=El-Sayed |first4=Sanaa |date=2023-06-16 |title=The Cretaceous–Paleogene transition in spiny-rayed fishes: surveying "Patterson's Gap" in the acanthomorph skeletal record André Dumont medalist lecture 2018 |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=7048 |journal=Geologica Belgica |language=en |doi=10.20341/gb.2023.002 |issn=1374-8505|doi-access=free }}</ref>

{{clear}}


==Timeline of genera==
==Timeline of genera==
<timeline>
<timeline>
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Period = from:-145.5 till:10
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


⚫
{{Actinopterygii}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q216241}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Gadiformes| ]]
[[Category:Gadiformes| ]]
[[Category:Paracanthopterygii]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edwin Stephen Goodrich]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edwin Stephen Goodrich]]
[[Category:Ray-finned fish orders]]

[[Category:Extant Maastrichtian first appearances]]
{{Gadiformes-stub}}

Latest revision as of 05:56, 14 November 2024

Gadiformes
Temporal range: Maastrichtian–present
Gadus morhua
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Superorder: Paracanthopterygii
Order: Gadiformes
Goodrich, 1909
Type species
Gadus morhua
Linnaeus 1758
Families

Gadiformes /ˈɡædɪfɔːrmiːz/, also called the Anacanthini, are an order of ray-finned fish that include the cod, hakes, pollock, haddock, burbot, rocklings and moras, many of which are food fish of major commercial value. They are mostly marine fish found throughout the world and the vast majority are found in temperate or colder regions (tropical species are typically deep-water) while a few species may enter brackish estuaries. Pacific tomcods, one of the two species that makes up the genus Microgadus, are able to enter freshwater, but there is no evidence that they breed there. Some populations of landlocked Atlantic tomcod on the other hand, complete their entire life cycle in freshwater. Yet only one species, the burbot (Lota lota), is a true freshwater fish.[2]

Common characteristics include the positioning of the pelvic fins (if present), below or in front of the pectoral fins. Gadiformes are physoclists, which means their swim bladders do not have a pneumatic duct. The fins are spineless. Gadiform fish range in size from the codlets, which may be as small as 7 cm (2.8 in) in adult length, to the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, which reaches up to 2 m (6.6 ft).[3]

The earliest gadiforms are Palaeogadus weltoni from the Maastrichtian of the United States and the undescribed, informally named "Protocodus" from the Early Paleocene of Greenland.[4][5]

Timeline of genera

[edit]
QuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly CretaceousPollachiusLycodopsisMelanogrammusMicrogadusTheragraGadellaPseudophycisBrosmeGadomusGadusParatrisopterusBolbocaraEclipesLaemonemaLepidionMerlangiusMolvaAustrophycisPhysiculusVentrifossaTrichiurichthysBregmaceriniaBrosmiusCoryphaenoidesMicromesistiusTrisopterusPalaeomolvaPseudoranicepsGadiculusGaidropsarusHymenocephalusLotaPhycisSqualogadusTrachyrhinchusEophycisBathygadusCoelorhynchusEulichthysMacruronusTripterophycisBregmacerosMelanonusMerlucciusNezumiaRanicepsUrophycisPalaeogadusTrichuridesRhinocephalusParatichthysRankinianQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly Cretaceous

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Iwamoto, T., Nakayama, N., Shao, K.-T. & Ho, H.-C. (2015): Synopsis of the Grenadier Fishes (Gadiformes; Teleostei) of Taiwan. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (Series 4), 62 (3): 31–126.
  2. ^ The Freshwater Fishes of British Columbia
  3. ^ Cohen, D.M. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 130–132. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
  4. ^ Stringer, Gary; Schwarzhans, Werner (2021-09-01). "Upper Cretaceous teleostean otoliths from the Severn Formation (Maastrichtian) of Maryland, USA, with an unusual occurrence of Siluriformes and Beryciformes and the oldest Atlantic coast Gadiformes". Cretaceous Research. 125: 104867. Bibcode:2021CrRes.12504867S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104867. ISSN 0195-6671.
  5. ^ Friedman, Matt; V. Andrews, James; Saad, Hadeel; El-Sayed, Sanaa (2023-06-16). "The Cretaceous–Paleogene transition in spiny-rayed fishes: surveying "Patterson's Gap" in the acanthomorph skeletal record André Dumont medalist lecture 2018". Geologica Belgica. doi:10.20341/gb.2023.002. ISSN 1374-8505.
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