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{{Short description|Species of gastropod}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = ''Rumina decollata''
| name = ''Rumina decollata''
| image = Rumina decollata 0106.JPG
| image = Rumina decollata 0106.JPG
| image_caption = A live individual of the decollate snail
| image_caption = A live individual of the decollate snail
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn|author=Gómez Moliner, B.J. |year=2017 |title=''Rumina decollata'' (Europe assessment) |page= e.T171533A105796803 |access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref>
| classis = [[Gastropoda]]
| status2 = G5
| unranked_superfamilia = clade [[Heterobranchia]]
| status2_system = TNC
clade [[Euthyneura]]<br/>clade [[Panpulmonata]]<br/>
| status2_ref = <ref name=NatureServe>{{cite web |title=''Rumina decollata'' |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106780/Rumina_decollata |website=NatureServe Explorer An online encyclopedia of life |version=7.1|publisher=NatureServe|access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref>
clade [[Eupulmonata]]<br/>
⚫
| taxon = Rumina decollata
clade [[Stylommatophora]]<br/>
⚫
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])<ref>Linnaeus C. 1758. ''[[Systema naturae]] per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis''. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1-4], 1-824. Holmiae. (Salvius).</ref>
informal group [[Sigmurethra]]
| superfamilia = [[Achatinoidea]]
| familia = [[Subulinidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Rumininae]]
| genus = ''[[Rumina (gastropod)|Rumina]]''
| species = '''''R. decollata'''''
⚫
| binomial = ''Rumina decollata''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])<ref>Linnaeus C. 1758. ''[[Systema naturae]] per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis''. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1-4], 1-824. Holmiae. (Salvius).</ref>
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
* ''Bulimus decollatus'' Draparaud, 1805
* ''Bulimus bavouxi'' <small>Coquand, 1862</small> (junior subjective synonym)
* ''Bulimus decollatus'' <small>Draparaud, 1805</small>
* ''Helix decollata'' Linnaeus, 1758
* ''Helix decollata'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small>
⚫
* ''Orbitina incomparabilis'' (Germain, 1930)
* ''Orbitina truncatella'' (Germain, 1930)
* ''Orbitina incomparabilis'' <small>(Germain, 1930)</small>
⚫
* ''Orbitina truncatella'' <small>(Germain, 1930)</small>
* ''Rumina decollata cylindrica''<ref name=IUCN/>
* ''Rumina paivae'' <small>(Lowe, 1861)</small>
* ''Stenogyra (Rumina) decollata'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> (superseded combination)
* ''Stenogyra bavouxi'' <small>(Coquand, 1862)</small> (junior subjective synonym)
* ''Stenogyra decollata'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> (unaccepted combination)
|display_parents= 3
}}
}}


The '''decollate snail''', [[scientific name]] ''Rumina decollata'', is a medium-sized [[predatory]] [[land snail]], a [[species]] of [[Terrestrial animal|terrestrial]] [[pulmonate]] [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]] in the family [[Subulinidae]]. It is a European species that has been introduced in a number of areas worldwide.
The '''decollate snail''', [[scientific name]] ''Rumina decollata'', is a medium-sized [[predatory]] [[land snail]], a [[species]] of [[Terrestrial animal|terrestrial]] [[pulmonate]] [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]] in the family [[Achatinidae]].<ref name=bank>{{WRMS source|278821|Bank, R. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017.|10 January 2019}}</ref> It originated in the Mediterranean but has been introduced in a number of areas worldwide. It was recently found to represent a [[species complex]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Prévot |first1=V. |last2=Jordaens |first2=K. |last3=Sonet |first3=G. |last4=Backeljau |first4=T. |title=Exploring Species Level Taxonomy and Species Delimitation Methods in the Facultatively Self-Fertilizing Land Snail Genus ''Rumina'' (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) |journal=PLOS ONE |date=2013 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=e60736 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0060736|doi-access=free |pmid=23577154 |pmc=3618274 }}</ref>

==Varieties==
* ''Rumina decollata var. cruda'' <small>Monterosato, 1892</small>
* ''Rumina decollata var. cylindrica'' <small>Monterosato, 1892</small>
* ''Rumina decollata var. dentata'' <small>Pallary, 1922</small>
* ''Rumina decollata var. fusca'' <small>Pallary, 1899</small>
* ''Rumina decollata var. maura'' <small>Crosse, 1873</small>
* ''Rumina decollata var. pellucida'' <small>Monterosato, 1892</small>
* ''Rumina decollata var. solida'' <small>Monterosato, 1892</small>
* ''Rumina decollata var. striatula'' <small>Pallary, 1920</small>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
This species is native to the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] excluding south-east Mediterranean.<ref name="Mienis"/>
This species is native to the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] excluding south-east Mediterranean.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snailsuk.weebly.com/rumina-decollata.html|title=Rumina decollata|website=Snails UK|access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref>


It is introduced in [[List of non-marine molluscs of Israel|Israel]] and in [[List of non-marine molluscs of Egypt|Egypt]]<ref>Commonwealth of Australia. 2002 (April) [http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/24702/fin_egyptian_citrus.pdf Citrus Imports from the Arab Republic of Egypt. A Review Under Existing Import Conditions for Citrus from Israel''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109152749/http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/24702/fin_egyptian_citrus.pdf |date=January 9, 2009 }}. Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia. Caption: Gastropods, page 12 and Appendix 2.</ref> since [[Ancient Rome|Roman times]].<ref name="Mienis">Mienis H. K. (2003). "A new colony of ''Rumina saharica'' discovered in Israel". ''Tentacle'' [http://www.hawaii.edu/cowielab/tentacle/tentacle_11.pdf '''11''']: 11-12.</ref> It has been introduced into [[North America]], including [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] and [[Glendale, Arizona]], and other areas as a [[biological pest control|biological control]] agent, in hopes of controlling populations of the [[brown garden snail]].
It is introduced in [[List of non-marine molluscs of Israel|Israel]] and in [[List of non-marine molluscs of Egypt|Egypt]]<ref>Commonwealth of Australia. 2002 (April) [http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/24702/fin_egyptian_citrus.pdf Citrus Imports from the Arab Republic of Egypt. A Review Under Existing Import Conditions for Citrus from Israel''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109152749/http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/24702/fin_egyptian_citrus.pdf |date=January 9, 2009 }}. Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia. Caption: Gastropods, page 12 and Appendix 2.</ref> since [[Ancient Rome|Roman times]]. It has been introduced into [[North America]], including [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] and [[Glendale, Arizona]], and other areas [[Fresno, California]]<ref>{{Cite GBIF|id=2294129 |taxon=''Rumina decollata''}}</ref><ref name=NatureServe/> as a [[biological pest control|biological control]] agent, in hopes of controlling populations of the [[brown garden snail]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Wilen |first1=Cheryl A. |last2=Flint |first2=Mary Louise |title=Pests in Gardens and Landscapes: Snails and Slugs |url=http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7427.html |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=Institute of Pest Management |publisher=University of California Dep. Agriculture and Natural Resources}}</ref><br />
⚫
Also found in southern [[Brazil]], and in [[List of non-marine molluscs of Great Britain|Great Britain]], as a "hothouse alien".

⚫
It is found in [[List of non-marine molluscs of Great Britain|Great Britain]], as a "hothouse alien"


==Shell description==
==Shell description==
The shell of the decollate snail is long and roughly cone-shaped. It grows to approximately 40&nbsp;mm in length, and upon reaching mature size, grinds or chips off the end of its own shell by moving its body roughly against hard surfaces, so that the shell takes on a ''decollate'' shape, tapering to a blunt end.
The shell of the decollate snail is long and roughly cone-shaped. It grows to approximately {{cvt|40-45|mm|abbr=on}} in length and a width of {{cvt|14|mm|abbr=on}},<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Fact Sheet: Rumina decollata |url=https://idtools.org/id/mollusc/factsheet.php?name=Rumina%20decollata |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=idtools.org |publisher=Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST)}}</ref> and upon reaching mature size, grinds or chips off the end of its own shell by moving its body roughly against hard surfaces, so that the shell takes on a ''decollate'' shape, tapering to a blunt end.


==Life habits==
==Life habits==
[[File:Decollate snail2.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Front view of decollate snail from [[Austin, Texas]]]]
[[File:Decollate snail2.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Front view of decollate snail from [[Austin, Texas]]]]
[[File:Decollate snail1.jpg|thumb|Lateral view of decollate snail]]
[[File:Decollate snail1.jpg|thumb|Lateral view of decollate snail]]
Sexual maturity occurs at approximately 10 months. An adult is capable of laying 500 eggs in its lifetime. The eggs are deposited singly in the soil and hatch within 10–45 days.<ref name=":0" />
⚫
''Rumina decollata'' is a voracious predator, and feeds readily upon common garden snails and slugs and their eggs. The snail eats plant matter as well, but the damage it causes to plants is considered minor when compared with the benefit of its predation on garden snails and other pest species of snails. Unfortunately it will also consume harmless local species of land gastropods, and beneficial [[annelid]]s.

⚫
''Rumina decollata'' is a voracious predator, and will readily feed upon [[Cornu aspersum|common garden snails]] and slugs and their eggs. The snail eats plant matter as well, but this generalist predator is indiscriminate in its feeding and has been implicated in the decimation of native gastropods (including non-pest species) and beneficial annelids.<ref name=":0" />


Decollate snails are tolerant of dry and cold conditions, during which they burrow deep into the soil. They are most active during the night and during rainfall.
Decollate snails are tolerant of dry and cold conditions, during which they burrow deep into the soil. They are most active during the night and during rainfall.


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* Herbert, D.G. (2010). The introduced terrestrial Mollusca of South Africa. SANBI Biodiversity Series, 15: vi + 108 pp. Pretoria.

==Further reading==
* Mienis H. K. (2002). "''Rumina paivae'': the giant decollated snail from North Africa". ''Triton'' '''5''': 33–34.


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Rumina decollata}}
{{Commons category|Rumina decollata}}
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/gastro/snail_eating_snails.htm ''Rumina decollata''] on the [[University of Florida|UF]] / [[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences|IFAS]] — ''Featured Creatures website''.
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/gastro/snail_eating_snails.htm ''Rumina decollata''] on the [[University of Florida|UF]] / [[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences|IFAS]] — ''Featured Creatures website''.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080630082932/http://www.associatesinsectary.com/rumina_decollata.htm A photo of decollates feeding on ''Helix'' (ivy)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080630082932/http://www.associatesinsectary.com/rumina_decollata.htm A photo of decollates feeding on ''Helix'' (ivy)]
* [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15145011 Crosse H. (1873). Diagnoses molluscorum novorum. Journal de Conchyliologie. 21(2): 136-144.]
* [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k55312179/f5 Coquand H. (1862). Géologie et Paléontologie de la région sud de la Provence de Constantine. Mémoires de la Société d'Emulation de la Provence. 2: 5-342.]
* [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45974319 Bieler, R. & Slapcinsky, J. (2000). A case study for the development of an island fauna: Recent terrestrial mollusks of Bermuda. Nemouria. 44: 1-99.]
* [https://doi.org/10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2021.12.3.589.624 Sparacio, I., Surdo, S., Viviano, R., Liberto, F. & Reitano, A. (2021). Land molluscs from the Isola delle Femmine Nature Reserve (north-western Sicily, Italy) (Gastropoda Architaenioglossa Pulmonata). Biodiversity Journal. 12 (3): 589–624]
* [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42800021 Johnson, C. W. (1900). Some notes on Rumina decollata Linn. The Nautilus. 13(10): 117.]
* [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1738199 Smith, H. H. (1912). Rumina decollata in Mobile and New Orleans. The Nautilus. 26(1): 4-6]
* [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1750464 Ferriss, J. H. (1914). Rumina decollata in Texas. The Nautilus. 28(1): 11]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q834936}}


[[Category:Subulinidae]]
[[Category:Achatinidae]]
[[Category:Biota of the Mediterranean Sea]]
[[Category:Biota of the Mediterranean Sea]]
[[Category:Biological pest control agents]]
[[Category:Biological pest control agents]]
[[Category:Molluscs described in 1758]]
[[Category:Gastropods described in 1758]]
[[Category:Invasive gastropod species]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Molluscs of Egypt]]

Latest revision as of 07:14, 14 November 2024

Rumina decollata
A live individual of the decollate snail

Secure  (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Stylommatophora
Suborder: Achatinina
Superfamily: Achatinoidea
Family: Achatinidae
Subfamily: Rumininae
Genus: Rumina
Species:
R. decollata
Binomial name
Rumina decollata
Synonyms
  • Bulimus bavouxi Coquand, 1862 (junior subjective synonym)
  • Bulimus decollatus Draparaud, 1805
  • Helix decollata Linnaeus, 1758
  • Orbitina incomparabilis (Germain, 1930)
  • Orbitina truncatella (Germain, 1930)
  • Rumina decollata cylindrica[1]
  • Rumina paivae (Lowe, 1861)
  • Stenogyra (Rumina) decollata (Linnaeus, 1758) (superseded combination)
  • Stenogyra bavouxi (Coquand, 1862) (junior subjective synonym)
  • Stenogyra decollata (Linnaeus, 1758) (unaccepted combination)

The decollate snail, scientific name Rumina decollata, is a medium-sized predatory land snail, a species of terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinidae.[4] It originated in the Mediterranean but has been introduced in a number of areas worldwide. It was recently found to represent a species complex.[5]

Varieties

[edit]
  • Rumina decollata var. cruda Monterosato, 1892
  • Rumina decollata var. cylindrica Monterosato, 1892
  • Rumina decollata var. dentata Pallary, 1922
  • Rumina decollata var. fusca Pallary, 1899
  • Rumina decollata var. maura Crosse, 1873
  • Rumina decollata var. pellucida Monterosato, 1892
  • Rumina decollata var. solida Monterosato, 1892
  • Rumina decollata var. striatula Pallary, 1920

Distribution

[edit]

This species is native to the Mediterranean excluding south-east Mediterranean.[6]

It is introduced in Israel and in Egypt[7] since Roman times. It has been introduced into North America, including Phoenix and Glendale, Arizona, and other areas Fresno, California[8][2] as a biological control agent, in hopes of controlling populations of the brown garden snail.[9]
Also found in southern Brazil, and in Great Britain, as a "hothouse alien".

Shell description

[edit]

The shell of the decollate snail is long and roughly cone-shaped. It grows to approximately 40–45 mm (1.6–1.8 in) in length and a width of 14 mm (0.55 in),[10] and upon reaching mature size, grinds or chips off the end of its own shell by moving its body roughly against hard surfaces, so that the shell takes on a decollate shape, tapering to a blunt end.

Life habits

[edit]
Front view of decollate snail from Austin, Texas
Lateral view of decollate snail

Sexual maturity occurs at approximately 10 months. An adult is capable of laying 500 eggs in its lifetime. The eggs are deposited singly in the soil and hatch within 10–45 days.[10]

Rumina decollata is a voracious predator, and will readily feed upon common garden snails and slugs and their eggs. The snail eats plant matter as well, but this generalist predator is indiscriminate in its feeding and has been implicated in the decimation of native gastropods (including non-pest species) and beneficial annelids.[10]

Decollate snails are tolerant of dry and cold conditions, during which they burrow deep into the soil. They are most active during the night and during rainfall.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Gómez Moliner, B.J. (2017). "Rumina decollata (Europe assessment)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T171533A105796803. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Rumina decollata". NatureServe Explorer An online encyclopedia of life. 7.1. NatureServe. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
  3. ^ Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1-4], 1-824. Holmiae. (Salvius).
  4. ^ Bank, R. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017.. World Register of Marine Species, Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  5. ^ Prévot, V.; Jordaens, K.; Sonet, G.; Backeljau, T. (2013). "Exploring Species Level Taxonomy and Species Delimitation Methods in the Facultatively Self-Fertilizing Land Snail Genus Rumina (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)". PLOS ONE. 8 (4): e60736. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060736. PMC 3618274. PMID 23577154.
  6. ^ "Rumina decollata". Snails UK. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
  7. ^ Commonwealth of Australia. 2002 (April) Citrus Imports from the Arab Republic of Egypt. A Review Under Existing Import Conditions for Citrus from Israel Archived January 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia. Caption: Gastropods, page 12 and Appendix 2.
  8. ^ "Rumina decollata". Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
  9. ^ Wilen, Cheryl A.; Flint, Mary Louise. "Pests in Gardens and Landscapes: Snails and Slugs". Institute of Pest Management. University of California Dep. Agriculture and Natural Resources. Retrieved 2022-04-14.
  10. ^ a b c "Fact Sheet: Rumina decollata". idtools.org. Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST). Retrieved 2022-04-14.
  • Herbert, D.G. (2010). The introduced terrestrial Mollusca of South Africa. SANBI Biodiversity Series, 15: vi + 108 pp. Pretoria.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Mienis H. K. (2002). "Rumina paivae: the giant decollated snail from North Africa". Triton 5: 33–34.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rumina decollata.
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