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{{short description|Half vampire, half human creature}} |
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A '''Dhampir''' is a being in [[Roma people|Roma]] [[folklore]] that is half-[[vampire]] and half-[[human]], born from a vampire father and a human mother. Generally the female does not come to full term and the baby is lost. In other instances, the mother comes to term and gives birth to a [[stillborn]]. In extremely rare cases will a dhampir be born and grow to adulthood. |
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{{Infobox mythical creature |
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|name = Dhampir |
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|AKA = |
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|image = |
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|image_size = |
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|caption = |
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|Folklore = |
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|Grouping = [[Legendary creature]] |
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|Sub_Grouping = Living |
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|Family = Offspring of [[vampire]] and human |
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|Region = [[Balkans]], [[the Americas]], [[Europe]], [[Asia]], [[Africa]] |
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|Habitat = |
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|Similar_entities = [[Zombie]], [[revenant]], [[werewolf]], [[cambion]], [[Nephilim]] |
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}} |
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In [[Balkan]] folklore, a '''dhampir''' ({{IPA-sq|ðamˈpir}}) is a [[mythical creature]] that is the result of a union between a [[vampire]] and a [[human]]. This union was usually between male vampires and female humans, with stories of female vampires mating with male humans being rare.<ref>"Vampires Through the Ages: Lore & Legends of the World's Most Notorious Blood Drinkers" "These vampires then, usually male, but in some rare stories female as well, traveled to another village where they were unknown to the inhabitants and married, producing offspring."</ref> |
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They are sometimes said to be able to kill vampires. Dhampirs are conflicted creatures, as they cannot turn from either of their bloodlines. They are outcasts among both humans and vampires, for they are neither. They also tend to have many health problems including [[bi-polar disorder]], [[major depression]], [[insanity]], [[heat syndrome]], [[photodermatosis]], and [[anemia]]. During their teen years, many dhampirs also have urges of [[suicide]], which can extend into their adulthood if they survive. |
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== Name == |
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==Dhampirs in literature, film and other media == |
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=== Etymology === |
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[[Japan]]ese author [[Hideyuki Kikuchi]] has written over fourteen novels in his ''[[Vampire Hunter D]]'' series about a dhampir called 'D', who travels across a war-torn land fighting against "The Nobility" ( who are actually vampires). There have been two [[anime]] adaptions of his books, and the anime ''[[Hellsing]]'' is said to have borrowed ideas from Kikuchi's novels by the way of the dhampir [[Alucard]], who has a very similar parentage to that of Kikuchi's D. |
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The word {{lang|sq|dhampir}} is an [[Albanian language|Albanian]] word which in turn is borrowed from Serbo-Croat ''vampír'' or its Bulgarian equivalent.<ref name=Husić/> The shift ''v > dh'' is a feature of [[Gheg Albanian]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Palmér |first1=Axel I. |last2=Jakob |first2=Anthony |last3=Thorsø |first3=Rasmus |last4=Sluis |first4=Paulus van |last5=Swanenvleugel |first5=Cid |last6=Kroonen |first6=Guus |date=2021 |title=Proto-Indo-European 'fox' and the reconstruction of an athematic ḱ-stem |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/ieul/9/1/article-p234_8.xml |journal=Indo-European Linguistics |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=234–263 |doi=10.1163/22125892-bja10008 |issn=2212-5884 |quote=Indeed, additional support for such a development can be found in the borrowing of the South Slavic word for ‘vampire’, Bulg. vampir, SCr. vàmpīr, as Alb. dhampir (see Topalli 2003 for a discussion)|hdl=1887/3212933 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Elsie |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_IXHrXIsYkC&pg=PA69 |title=A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology and Folk Culture |date=2001 |publisher=C. Hurst |isbn=978-1-85065-570-1 |pages=69 |language=en |quote=This vampire-like being, Alb. ''dhampir'', def.''dhampiri'', from Slav. ''vampir'' |author-link=Robert Elsie}}</ref> but it could also have been encouraged by a folk etymology, connecting it with the Albanian words {{lang|aln|dhamb}} 'tooth' and {{lang|aln|pir}} 'to drink'.<ref name=Husić>{{cite web |last=Husić |first=Geoff |title=A Vampire by Any Other Name |url=https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/6213/vampire_exhibit_catalog_2010.pdf;jsessionid=5B6036D02A0A800372E52679CB932EA0?sequence=3}}</ref> |
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=== Variants === |
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From the ''[[Castlevania]]'' series of [[video games]], [[Alucard Tepes|Adrian Farenheights Tepes]] (also known as simply as ''Alucard'') is the offspring of an unnatural bond between [[Dracula (Castlevania)|Dracula]] and a human woman named [[Lisa (Castlevania)|Lisa]]. As he grew up, Alucard discovered his strong powers and decided to go against his father and stop his evil doings. |
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Mythical creatures like dhampirs are widely associated with Balkan folklore. In the rest of the region, terms such as [[Serbian language|Serbian]] ''vampirović'', ''vampijerović'', ''vampirić'' (thus, [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] ''lampijerović'', etc.) literally meaning "vampire's son", are used.<ref name=levk>Levkievskaja, E.E. La mythologie slave : problèmes de répartition dialectale (une étude de cas : le vampire). Cahiers slaves n°1 (septembre 1997). [http://www.recherches-slaves.paris4.sorbonne.fr/Cahier1/Levkievskaja.htm Online (French).] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112192340/http://www.recherches-slaves.paris4.sorbonne.fr/Cahier1/Levkievskaja.htm |date=2008-01-12 }}</ref><ref name=petr>Петровић, Сретен. 2000. Основи демонологије. In: Систем српске митологије. Просвета, Ниш 2000. [http://svevlad.org.rs/knjige_files/petrovic_mitologija.html#vampir Online (Serbian)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331041243/http://www.svevlad.org.rs/knjige_files/petrovic_mitologija.html |date=2009-03-31 }}</ref> |
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In other regions, the child is named "Vampir" if a boy and "Vampirica" if a girl, or "Dhampir" if a boy and "Dhampirica" if a girl.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} In Bulgarian folklore, numerous terms such as ''glog'' (lit. "[[Common Hawthorn|hawthorn]]"), ''vampirdzhiya'' ("vampire" + ''[[nomen agentis]]'' [[suffix]]), ''vampirar'' ("vampire" + ''nomen agentis'' suffix), ''dzhadadzhiya'' and ''svetocher'' are used to refer to vampire children and descendants, as well as to other specialized [[vampire hunter]]s.<ref name=dimitr>Димитрова, Иваничка. 1983. Българска народна митология. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071024035846/http://bgrod.org/Vjara/index.php?p=bogove&page=vampir Online article (Bulgarian)]}} reproducing text from Ivanichka Dimitrova. Bulgarian folk mythology. С.1983.стр. 153- 159</ref> Dhampiraj is also an Albanian surname.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} |
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Another dhampir is [[Blade (comics)|Blade]], from the eponymous [[comic book]] series. He became a popular character through the ''[[Blade (movie)|Blade]]'' movie made in [[1998]] and its sequels, starring [[Wesley Snipes]] as the main [[hybrid]] hero. However, instead of being the offspring of a vampire and human, Blade's mother was bitten by a vampire while she was pregnant with her baby, Eric. As the bite changed Eric's mother, it changed him as well. Eric's mother gave birth, then died; rising later that night as a vampire and leaving Eric alone in the world to grow up half starved and meet the vampire hunter Abraham Whistler ([[Kris Kristofferson]]). |
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==Origin== |
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Rayne, the main character of the ''[[BloodRayne]]'' video game franchise, is another dhampir. |
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In the Balkans, it was believed that male vampires have a great desire for human women, so a vampire will return to have intercourse with his wife or with a woman to whom he was attracted in life.<ref name=levk /> In one case, a Serbian widow tried to blame her pregnancy on her late husband, who had supposedly become a vampire,<ref name="petr"/> and there were cases of Serbian men pretending to be vampires in order to reach the women they desired.<ref>Laković, Aleksandar. 2001. Vampiri kolo vode. In: [[Glas javnosti]], 20-12-2001. [http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2001/12/20/srpski/F01121902.shtml Online (Serbian)]</ref> In Bulgarian folklore, vampires were sometimes said to [[Defloration|deflower]] virgins as well.<ref name="levk"/> The sexual activity of the vampire seems to be a peculiarity of [[South Slav]]ic vampire belief as opposed to other Slavs,<ref name="levk"/> although a similar motif also occurs in [[Belarus]]ian legends.<ref>Міфы Бацькаўшчыны. Вупыр (Вупар). [http://slounik.org/82139.html Online (Belarusian)]</ref> |
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==Features== |
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Donovan Baine, a character in the video game series "[[Darkstalkers]]", is also a dhampir. |
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Legends{{which|date=October 2021}} state that dhampirs were, for the most part, normal members of the community. But dhampirs, especially male, of paternal vampire descent could see invisible vampires and practice sorcery, often starting careers as vampire hunters, which would be practiced for generations from father to son.<ref>The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead</ref><ref>[[Tatomir Vukanović|T. P. Vukanović]]. 1957-1959. "The Vampire." ''Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society'', 3rd ser. Part 1: 36(3-4): 125-133; Part 2: 37(1-2): 21-31; Part 3: 37(3-4): 111-118; Part 4: 39(1-2): 44-55. Reprinted in ''Vampires of the Slavs'', ed. Jan Perkowski (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Slavica, 1976), 201-234. The reprint lacks footnotes. Most material on dhampirs is in part 4, under the heading "Dhampir as the Chief Magician for the Destruction of Vampires."</ref><ref>''Vampires of the Slavs'' by Jan Louis Perkowski "The practice of sorcery for the destruction of vampires is carried on in the house of Dhampir's descendants from father to son, throughout the generations."</ref> Some traditions specify signs by which the children of a vampire can be recognized. [[Albania]]n legends state they have untamed dark or black hair and are very cunning or courageous in nature. They are not attracted to blood and can eat normally like other human beings, though the option to bite other living beings in order to extend one's life is always an open choice. |
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When being compared to a vampire, dhampirs are said to be very lethal towards the blood drinkers, since a dhampir's blood and spit is like an acid for the vampires, making them impossible to be bitten. Due to having mixed blood, a dhampir will not be burned by the sun. |
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[[Barb Hendee]] and her husband [[J.C. Hendee]] are [[as of 2005]] writing a series of books, informally referred to as the ''[[Saga of the Noble Dead]]'', about a dhampir named "[[Magiere]]": at the start of the series she is unaware of her heritage and earns a living pretending to be a vampire-hunter. |
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In [[Bulgaria]]n folklore, possible indications include being "very dirty", having a soft body, no nails or bones (the latter physical peculiarity is also ascribed to the vampire itself), and "a deep mark on the back, like a tail." In contrast, a pronounced nose was often a sign, as were larger than normal ears, teeth or eyes. According to J. Gordon Melton, from his book, ''The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead'', in some areas, a true dhampir possessed a "slippery, jelly-like body and lived only a short life—a belief{{nbsp}}... that vampires have no bones."<ref name=Melton>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/vampirebookencyc00melt|url-access=registration|quote=slippery, jelly-like body and lived only a short life.|title=The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead|year=2010|publisher=Visible Ink Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/vampirebookencyc00melt/page/201 201]|last=Melton|first=J. Gordon|isbn=9781578592814}} |
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</ref> |
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== In modern culture == |
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Examples of modern dhampir characters include [[Blade (character)|Blade]], a vampire-slaying hero in the [[Marvel Entertainment|Marvel]] comics and films; [[Alucard (Castlevania)|Alucard]] from the ''[[Castlevania]]'' video games and TV series; Rayne, the red-headed anti-heroine protagonist of the ''[[BloodRayne]]'' franchise; D from the ''[[Vampire Hunter D]]'' novels and their adaptations; and Kagura from ''[[OneChanbara|OneChanbara Z: Kagura]]''. |
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Dhampirs also appear in the works of [[Scott Baker (writer)|Scott Baker]], [[Nancy A. Collins]], [[Millie Devon]], [[Barb Hendee|Barb]] and [[J. C. Hendee|J. C.]] Hendee, [[Rebecca York]], and [[Stephenie Meyer]].<ref>{{harvnb|Melton|2010|p=201}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
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* [[List of dhampirs]] |
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* [[List of vampires]] |
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* [[List of vampiric creatures in folklore]] |
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* [[Cambion]] – a half-demon |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Albanian mythology}} |
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[[Category:Albanian legendary creatures]] |
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[[Category:Corporeal undead]] |
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[[Category:Mythological human hybrids]] |
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[[Category:Fictional half-vampires| ]] |
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[[Category:Fictional vampire hunters]] |
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[[Category:Fictional species and races]] |
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[[Category:Fictional vampires]] |
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[[Category:Serbian mythology]] |
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[[Category:Slavic legendary creatures]] |
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[[Category:Vampires]] |
[[Category:Vampires]] |
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[[Category:Fictional Serbian people]] |
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[[Category:Slavic folklore characters]] |
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[[Category:Romanian legendary creatures]] |
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[[Category:North Macedonia folklore]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:40, 14 November 2024
| Grouping | Legendary creature |
|---|---|
| Sub grouping | Living |
| Similar entities | Zombie, revenant, werewolf, cambion, Nephilim |
| Family | Offspring of vampire and human |
| Region | Balkans, the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa |
In Balkan folklore, a dhampir (Albanian pronunciation: [ðamˈpir]) is a mythical creature that is the result of a union between a vampire and a human. This union was usually between male vampires and female humans, with stories of female vampires mating with male humans being rare.[1]
Name
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The word dhampir is an Albanian word which in turn is borrowed from Serbo-Croat vampír or its Bulgarian equivalent.[2] The shift v > dh is a feature of Gheg Albanian,[3][4] but it could also have been encouraged by a folk etymology, connecting it with the Albanian words dhamb 'tooth' and pir 'to drink'.[2]
Variants
[edit]Mythical creatures like dhampirs are widely associated with Balkan folklore. In the rest of the region, terms such as Serbian vampirović, vampijerović, vampirić (thus, Bosnian lampijerović, etc.) literally meaning "vampire's son", are used.[5][6]
In other regions, the child is named "Vampir" if a boy and "Vampirica" if a girl, or "Dhampir" if a boy and "Dhampirica" if a girl.[citation needed] In Bulgarian folklore, numerous terms such as glog (lit. "hawthorn"), vampirdzhiya ("vampire" + nomen agentis suffix), vampirar ("vampire" + nomen agentis suffix), dzhadadzhiya and svetocher are used to refer to vampire children and descendants, as well as to other specialized vampire hunters.[7] Dhampiraj is also an Albanian surname.[citation needed]
Origin
[edit]In the Balkans, it was believed that male vampires have a great desire for human women, so a vampire will return to have intercourse with his wife or with a woman to whom he was attracted in life.[5] In one case, a Serbian widow tried to blame her pregnancy on her late husband, who had supposedly become a vampire,[6] and there were cases of Serbian men pretending to be vampires in order to reach the women they desired.[8] In Bulgarian folklore, vampires were sometimes said to deflower virgins as well.[5] The sexual activity of the vampire seems to be a peculiarity of South Slavic vampire belief as opposed to other Slavs,[5] although a similar motif also occurs in Belarusian legends.[9]
Features
[edit]Legends[which?] state that dhampirs were, for the most part, normal members of the community. But dhampirs, especially male, of paternal vampire descent could see invisible vampires and practice sorcery, often starting careers as vampire hunters, which would be practiced for generations from father to son.[10][11][12] Some traditions specify signs by which the children of a vampire can be recognized. Albanian legends state they have untamed dark or black hair and are very cunning or courageous in nature. They are not attracted to blood and can eat normally like other human beings, though the option to bite other living beings in order to extend one's life is always an open choice.
When being compared to a vampire, dhampirs are said to be very lethal towards the blood drinkers, since a dhampir's blood and spit is like an acid for the vampires, making them impossible to be bitten. Due to having mixed blood, a dhampir will not be burned by the sun.
In Bulgarian folklore, possible indications include being "very dirty", having a soft body, no nails or bones (the latter physical peculiarity is also ascribed to the vampire itself), and "a deep mark on the back, like a tail." In contrast, a pronounced nose was often a sign, as were larger than normal ears, teeth or eyes. According to J. Gordon Melton, from his book, The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead, in some areas, a true dhampir possessed a "slippery, jelly-like body and lived only a short life—a belief ... that vampires have no bones."[13]
In modern culture
[edit]Examples of modern dhampir characters include Blade, a vampire-slaying hero in the Marvel comics and films; Alucard from the Castlevania video games and TV series; Rayne, the red-headed anti-heroine protagonist of the BloodRayne franchise; D from the Vampire Hunter D novels and their adaptations; and Kagura from OneChanbara Z: Kagura.
Dhampirs also appear in the works of Scott Baker, Nancy A. Collins, Millie Devon, Barb and J. C. Hendee, Rebecca York, and Stephenie Meyer.[14]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Vampires Through the Ages: Lore & Legends of the World's Most Notorious Blood Drinkers" "These vampires then, usually male, but in some rare stories female as well, traveled to another village where they were unknown to the inhabitants and married, producing offspring."
- ^ a b Husić, Geoff. "A Vampire by Any Other Name".
- ^ Palmér, Axel I.; Jakob, Anthony; Thorsø, Rasmus; Sluis, Paulus van; Swanenvleugel, Cid; Kroonen, Guus (2021). "Proto-Indo-European 'fox' and the reconstruction of an athematic ḱ-stem". Indo-European Linguistics. 9 (1): 234–263. doi:10.1163/22125892-bja10008. hdl:1887/3212933. ISSN 2212-5884.
Indeed, additional support for such a development can be found in the borrowing of the South Slavic word for 'vampire', Bulg. vampir, SCr. vàmpīr, as Alb. dhampir (see Topalli 2003 for a discussion)
- ^ Elsie, Robert (2001). A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology and Folk Culture. C. Hurst. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-85065-570-1.
This vampire-like being, Alb. dhampir, def.dhampiri, from Slav. vampir
- ^ a b c d Levkievskaja, E.E. La mythologie slave : problèmes de répartition dialectale (une étude de cas : le vampire). Cahiers slaves n°1 (septembre 1997). Online (French). Archived 2008-01-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Петровић, Сретен. 2000. Основи демонологије. In: Систем српске митологије. Просвета, Ниш 2000. Online (Serbian) Archived 2009-03-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Димитрова, Иваничка. 1983. Българска народна митология. Online article (Bulgarian)[usurped] reproducing text from Ivanichka Dimitrova. Bulgarian folk mythology. С.1983.стр. 153- 159
- ^ Laković, Aleksandar. 2001. Vampiri kolo vode. In: Glas javnosti, 20-12-2001. Online (Serbian)
- ^ Міфы Бацькаўшчыны. Вупыр (Вупар). Online (Belarusian)
- ^ The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead
- ^ T. P. Vukanović. 1957-1959. "The Vampire." Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, 3rd ser. Part 1: 36(3-4): 125-133; Part 2: 37(1-2): 21-31; Part 3: 37(3-4): 111-118; Part 4: 39(1-2): 44-55. Reprinted in Vampires of the Slavs, ed. Jan Perkowski (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Slavica, 1976), 201-234. The reprint lacks footnotes. Most material on dhampirs is in part 4, under the heading "Dhampir as the Chief Magician for the Destruction of Vampires."
- ^ Vampires of the Slavs by Jan Louis Perkowski "The practice of sorcery for the destruction of vampires is carried on in the house of Dhampir's descendants from father to son, throughout the generations."
- ^ Melton, J. Gordon (2010). The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead. Visible Ink Press. p. 201. ISBN 9781578592814.
slippery, jelly-like body and lived only a short life.
- ^ Melton 2010, p. 201
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Categories:
- Albanian legendary creatures
- Bulgarian folklore
- Corporeal undead
- Mythological human hybrids
- Fictional half-vampires
- Fictional vampire hunters
- Fictional species and races
- Fictional vampires
- Serbian mythology
- Slavic legendary creatures
- Vampires
- Fictional Serbian people
- Slavic folklore characters
- Romanian legendary creatures
- North Macedonia folklore