Rufous-bellied heron: Difference between revisions

Rufous-bellied heron
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Pelecaniformes
Family:	Ardeidae
Genus:	Ardeola
Species:	A. rufiventris
Binomial name
	Ardeola rufiventris; (Sundevall, 1850)
	resident range
Synonyms
	Ardea rufiventris Sundevall, 1850

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The rufous-bellied heron (Ardeola rufiventris) is a species of heron in the genus Ardeola, the pond herons, of the family Ardeidae. It is found in southern Africa.

Taxonomy

The rufous-bellied heron was formally described in 1850 by the Swedish zoologist Carl Jakob Sundevall from specimens collected along the Mooi River near Potchefstroom in South Africa. Sundevall coined the binomial name Ardea rufiventris.^[2]^[3] The specific epithet rufiventris combines Latin rufus meaning "ruddy" or "rufous" with venter, ventris meaning "belly".^[4] The rufous-bellied heron is now placed in the genus Ardeola that was introduced in 1822 by the German naturalist Friedrich Boie. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.^[5]

Description

This is a small dark species of heron with a dark grey head, back and breast contrasting with a rufous belly, wings and tail. When seen in flight the bright yellow legs and feet contrast with the dark feathers of the underside of the body. Juveniles are paler and browner, darkening as they mature.^[6]

Distribution and habitat

It is found in eastern, central and southern sub-Saharan Africa widespread although absent from the arid south-west and is found in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

It is found in seasonally flooded grasslands, marshes, flood-plains and inland deltas (e.g. the Okavango Delta), shallow water along riverbanks and lake shores, stands of papyrus, reedbeds and paddies.

Behaviour

This is a skulking species which when hiding assumes a bittern-like posture but with its bill in a horizontal rather than vertical position. It usually prefers to hunt on the landward side of well vegetated wetlands and in the shallow water. It is a largely sedentary species, which may make partial migratory movements to follow rainy season inundations of flood-plains.

Breeding

Breeding occurs during the rainy season, or when flooding is at a peak where this occurs early in the dry season. It nests colonially in mixed colonies, typically in small groups of 6-30 pairs, although at Lake Bangwelu in Zambia, groups of 60-80 pairs have been recorded. Rufous-bellied herons feed during the day but will sometimes forage at night, normally they hunt alone or in small flocks of no more than five individuals, although aggregations of over 120 have been recorded. It prefers to roost in trees.^[7] The nest is a small platform of vegetation positioned low in reeds, trees or shrubs that are normally positioned over standing water. In mixed-species colonies rufous-bellied herons normally nest around the edges.^[1]

Food and feeding

The diet consists mainly of small fish such as tilapia and barbus, amphibians, crustaceans, aquatic insects and other aquatic invertebrates.

References

^ ^a ^b BirdLife International (2016). "Ardeola rufiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22697150A93601738. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697150A93601738.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ Sundevall, Carl Jakob (1850). "Foglar från Södra Afrika". Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar (in Swedish). 7 (4): 96–111 [110–111].
^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 218–219.
^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 342. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Ibis, spoonbills, herons, Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
^ Sinclair, I. & Ryan P.(2003), A Comprehensive Illustrated Field Guide Birds of Africa South of the Sahara, Struik, ISBN 1 86872 857 9
^ Brown, L.H., Urban, E.K, Newman K. (eds) (1982) The Birds of Africa Volume I,Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-137301-0

External links

Rufous-bellied heron - Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds

[iucn_status_17_November_2021-1] BirdLife International (2016). "Ardeola rufiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22697150A93601738. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697150A93601738.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.

[2] Sundevall, Carl Jakob (1850). "Foglar från Södra Afrika". Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar (in Swedish). 7 (4): 96–111 [110–111].

[3] Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 218–219.

[4] Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 342. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[ioc-5] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Ibis, spoonbills, herons, Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 September 2023.

[6] Sinclair, I. & Ryan P.(2003), A Comprehensive Illustrated Field Guide Birds of Africa South of the Sahara, Struik, ISBN 1 86872 857 9

[7] Brown, L.H., Urban, E.K, Newman K. (eds) (1982) The Birds of Africa Volume I,Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-137301-0

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of bird}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{speciesbox
 | image = Rufous-bellied Heron (Ardeola rufiventris).jpg
 | status = LC
 | status_system = IUCN3.1
-| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=22697150 |title=''Ardeola rufiventris'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
+| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Ardeola rufiventris'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22697150A93601738 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697150A93601738.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>
-| regnum = [[Animalia]]
+| genus = Ardeola
-| phylum = [[Chordata]]
+| species = rufiventris
+| authority = ([[Carl Jakob Sundevall|Sundevall]], 1850)
-| classis = [[Aves]]
+| synonyms = ''Ardea rufiventris'' <small>Sundevall, 1850</small>
-| ordo = [[Pelecaniformes]]
+| range_map =Ardeola rufiventris map.svg
-| familia = [[Ardeidae]]
+| range_map_caption = {{legend0|#008100|&nbsp;resident range}}
-| genus = ''[[Ardeola]]''
+}}
-| species = '''''A. rufiventris'''''
-| binomial = ''Ardeola rufiventris''
-| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Jakob Sundevall|Sundevall]], 1851)
-| synonyms = }}
-The '''rufous-bellied heron''' (''Ardeola rufiventris'') is a species of [[heron]] in the [[genus]] ''[[Ardeola]]'', the pond herons, of the family [[Ardeidae]].
+The '''rufous-bellied heron''' ('''''Ardeola rufiventris''''') is a species of [[heron]] in the [[genus]] ''[[Ardeola]]'', the pond herons, of the family [[Ardeidae]]. It is found in southern Africa.
-==Identification==
-This is a small dark species of heron with a dark grey head, back and breast contrasting with a rufous belly wings and tail.  When seen in flight the bright yellow legs and feet contrast with the dark feathers of the underside of the body.  Juveniles are paler and browner, darkening as they mature.<ref>Sinclair, I. & Ryan P.(2003),  A Comprehensive Illustrated Field Guide Birds of Africa South of the Sahara, Struik, ISBN 1 86872 857 9</ref>
-==Behaviour==
+==Taxonomy==
+The rufous-bellied heron was [[species description|formally described]] in 1850 by the Swedish zoologist [[Carl Jakob Sundevall]] from specimens collected along the [[Mooi River (Vaal)|Mooi River]] near [[Potchefstroom]] in South Africa. Sundevall coined the [[binomial name]] ''Ardea rufiventris''.<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Sundevall  | first=Carl Jakob  | author-link=Carl Jakob Sundevall | date=1850 | title=Foglar från Södra Afrika | language=Swedish | journal=Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar  | volume=7 | issue=4 | pages=96–111 [110–111] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/60167550 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Cottrell | editor2-first=G. William | year=1979 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=1 | edition=2nd | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | location=Cambridge, Massachusetts | pages=218–219 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16108858 }}</ref>  The specific epithet ''rufiventris'' combines [[Latin]] ''rufus'' meaning "ruddy" or "rufous" with ''venter'', ''ventris'' meaning "belly".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=342 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n342/mode/1up }}</ref> The rufous-bellied heron is now placed in the genus ''[[Ardeola]]'' that was introduced in 1822 by the German naturalist [[Friedrich Boie]]. The species is [[monotypic]]: no [[subspecies]] are recognised.<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2023 | title=Ibis, spoonbills, herons, Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans | work=IOC World Bird List Version 13.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/pelicans/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=20 September 2023 }}</ref>
-This is a skulking species which when hiding assumes a [[bittern]]-like posture but with its bill in a horizontal rather than vertical position.   It usually prefers to hunt on the landward side of well vegetated wetlands and in the shallow water. It is a largely sedentary species, which may make partial migratory movements to follow rainy season inundations of flood-plains. Breeding occurs during the rainy season, or when flooding is at a peak where this occurs early in the dry season. It nests colonially in mixed colonies, typically in small groups of 6-30 pairs, although at Lake Bangwelu in Zambia, groups of 60-80 pairs have been recorded. Rufous-bellied herons feed during the day but will sometimes forage at night, normally they hunt alone or in small flocks of no more than five individuals, although aggregations of over 120 have been recorded. It prefers to roost in trees.<ref>Brown, L.H., Urban, E.K, Newman K. (eds) (1982) The Birds of Africa Volume I,Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-137301-0</ref>
+==Description==
-The nest is a small platform of vegetation positioned low in reeds, trees or shrubs that are normally positioned over standing water. In mixed-species colonies rufous-bellied herons normally nest around the edges.<ref>http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/106003736/0</ref>
+This is a small dark species of heron with a dark grey head, back and breast contrasting with a rufous belly, wings and tail.  When seen in flight the bright yellow legs and feet contrast with the dark feathers of the underside of the body.  Juveniles are paler and browner, darkening as they mature.<ref>Sinclair, I. & Ryan P.(2003),  A Comprehensive Illustrated Field Guide Birds of Africa South of the Sahara, Struik, {{ISBN|1 86872 857 9}}</ref>
+==Distribution and habitat==
-==Habitat==
+It is found in eastern, central and southern sub-Saharan Africa widespread although absent from the arid south-west and is found in [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eswatini]], [[Kenya]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mali]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[Rwanda]], [[South Africa]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], [[Zambia]], and [[Zimbabwe]].
-Seasonally flooded grasslands, marshes, flood-plains and [[inland delta]]s (e.g. the [[Okavango Delta]]), shallow water along riverbanks and lake shores, stands of [[papyrus]], reedbeds and paddies.
+It is found in seasonally flooded grasslands, marshes, flood-plains and [[inland delta]]s (e.g. the [[Okavango Delta]]), shallow water along riverbanks and lake shores, stands of [[papyrus]], reedbeds and paddies.
-==Diet==
-The diet consists mainly of small fish such as [[tilapia]] and [[barbus]], [[amphibians]], [[crustacean]]s, aquatic [[insects]] and other aquatic invertebrates.
-==Distribution==
+==Behaviour==
+This is a skulking species which when hiding assumes a [[bittern]]-like posture but with its bill in a horizontal rather than vertical position.   It usually prefers to hunt on the landward side of well vegetated wetlands and in the shallow water. It is a largely sedentary species, which may make partial migratory movements to follow rainy season inundations of flood-plains.
-It is found in eastern, central and southern sub-Saharan Africa widespread although absent from the arid south-west<ref>http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/heron-rb.htm</ref> and is found in [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Kenya]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mali]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[Rwanda]], [[South Africa]], [[Swaziland]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], [[Zambia]], and [[Zimbabwe]].
+===Breeding===
+Breeding occurs during the rainy season, or when flooding is at a peak where this occurs early in the dry season. It nests colonially in mixed colonies, typically in small groups of 6-30 pairs, although at [[Lake Bangwelu]] in Zambia, groups of 60-80 pairs have been recorded. Rufous-bellied herons feed during the day but will sometimes forage at night, normally they hunt alone or in small flocks of no more than five individuals, although aggregations of over 120 have been recorded. It prefers to roost in trees.<ref>Brown, L.H., Urban, E.K, Newman K. (eds) (1982) The Birds of Africa Volume I,Academic Press, {{ISBN|0-12-137301-0}}</ref> The nest is a small platform of vegetation positioned low in reeds, trees or shrubs that are normally positioned over standing water. In mixed-species colonies rufous-bellied herons normally nest around the edges.<ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" />
+===Food and feeding===
+The diet consists mainly of small fish such as [[tilapia]] and [[barbus]], [[amphibians]], [[crustacean]]s, aquatic [[insects]] and other aquatic invertebrates.
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ==External links==
 * Rufous-bellied heron - [http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/075.pdf Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds]
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q498158}}
-[[Category:Ardeola]]
-[[Category:Animals described in 1851]]
+[[Category:Ardeola|rufous-bellied heron]]
+[[Category:Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa]]
+[[Category:Birds described in 1851|rufous-bellied heron]]
+[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]