Rod Rosenstein: Difference between revisions

Rod Rosenstein
Rod Rosenstein
	Official portrait, 2019
37th United States Deputy Attorney General
	In office; April 26, 2017 – May 11, 2019
President	Donald Trump
Preceded by	Sally Yates
Succeeded by	Jeffrey A. Rosen
Acting United States Attorney General
	In office; November 7, 2018
President	Donald Trump
Deputy	Himself
Preceded by	Jeff Sessions
Succeeded by	Matthew Whitaker (acting)
United States Attorney for the District of Maryland
	In office; July 12, 2005 – April 26, 2017
President	George W. Bush; Barack Obama; Donald Trump
Preceded by	Thomas M. DiBiagio
Succeeded by	Robert K. Hur
Personal details
Born	Rod Jay Rosenstein; January 13, 1965 (age 59); Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Lisa Barsoomian
Children	2
Relatives	Nancy Messonnier (sister)
Education	University of Pennsylvania (BS); Harvard University (JD)
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Rod Jay Rosenstein (/ˈroʊzənˌstaɪn/;^[2] born January 13, 1965) is an American attorney who served as the 37th United States deputy attorney general from 2017 to 2019. Prior to his appointment, he served as a United States attorney for the District of Maryland.^[3] At the time of his confirmation as deputy attorney general in April 2017, he was the longest-serving U.S. attorney.^[4] Rosenstein had also been nominated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in 2007, but his nomination was never considered by the U.S. Senate.^[1]

President Donald Trump nominated Rosenstein to serve as Deputy Attorney General on February 1, 2017. Rosenstein was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on April 25, 2017. In May 2017, at Trump's behest,^[5] he authored a memo that Trump then cited as the basis for his decision to dismiss FBI Director James Comey.^[6]^[5]

In May 2018, Rosenstein reportedly told the five U.S. Attorneys in districts along the border with Mexico, where refugees were concerned, that they should not "be categorically declining immigration prosecutions of adults in family units because of the age of a child." The directive, issued as part of the Trump administration family separation policy, led to the separation of thousands of small children from their parents, many of whom were seeking asylum in the United States after fleeing violence in Central America.^[7]

Following the recusal of Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Comey's dismissal, Rosenstein appointed Robert Mueller as special counsel to investigate the myriad links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies and related matters.^[8] Rosenstein previously assumed authority over the parallel FBI probe after Sessions recused himself over misleading remarks he made to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary during his confirmation process. The New York Times reported Rosenstein prevented the FBI and Mueller from investigating Trump's personal and financial dealings in Russia.^[9] Following the resignation of Jeff Sessions as United States Attorney General at the request of President Donald Trump, Rosenstein also served as acting United States Attorney General for a few hours on November 7, 2018 until President Donald Trump signed an executive order naming Matthew Whitaker as acting United States Attorney General later that day.^[10] On November 7, 2018, Trump transferred this oversight to acting United States Attorney General Matthew Whitaker.^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

Rosenstein submitted his resignation as deputy attorney general on April 29, 2019, which took effect on May 11, 2019.^[15] In 2020, he joined the law firm King & Spalding as a partner in its "Special Matters and Government Investigations" practice.^[16]

Early life and education

Rosenstein was born in 1965 to an Ashkenazi Jewish family in Philadelphia.^[17]^[18] His father, Robert, ran a small business, whilst his mother, Gerri Rosenstein, was a bookkeeper and local school board president. Rod grew up in Lower Moreland Township, Pennsylvania.^[19] Rosenstein graduated from Lower Moreland High School.^[20] His sister, Nancy Messonnier, is a physician who was the director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2016 to 2021.^[21]^[22]^[23]

Rosenstein attended the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1986 with a Bachelor of Science, summa cum laude, in economics and Phi Beta Kappa membership.^[24] He then attended Harvard Law School, where he was an editor of the Harvard Law Review and graduated in 1989 with a Juris Doctor, cum laude.^[24]

Career

Early career

Rosenstein during his time working for the Independent Counsel. Brett Kavanaugh, Alex Azar, and Ken Starr are present.

After law school, Rosenstein was a law clerk to Judge Douglas H. Ginsburg of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1989 to 1990.^[25] He then joined the United States Department of Justice through the Attorney General's Honors Program. From 1990 to 1993, he prosecuted public corruption cases as a trial attorney with the Public Integrity Section of the Criminal Division, the latter of which was led by then Assistant Attorney General Robert Mueller.^[24]^[26]

During the Clinton Administration, Rosenstein served as counsel to Deputy Attorney General Philip B. Heymann (1993–1994) and Special Assistant to Criminal Division Assistant Attorney General Jo Ann Harris (1994–1995). Rosenstein then worked in the United States Office of the Independent Counsel under Ken Starr on the Whitewater investigation into President Bill Clinton.^[27] As an Associate Independent Counsel from 1995 to 1997, he was co-counsel in the trial of three defendants who were convicted of fraud, and he supervised the investigation that found no basis for criminal prosecution of White House officials who had obtained FBI background reports.^[24]

United States Attorney Lynne A. Battaglia hired Rosenstein as an Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Maryland in 1997.^[24]

From 2001 to 2005, Rosenstein served as Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Tax Division of the United States Department of Justice. He coordinated the tax enforcement activities of the Tax Division, the U.S. Attorneys' Offices and the IRS, and he supervised 90 attorneys and 30 support employees. He oversaw civil litigation and served as the acting head of the Tax Division when Assistant Attorney General Eileen J. O'Connor was unavailable, and he personally briefed and argued civil appeals in several federal appellate courts.^[28]

U.S. Attorney

President George W. Bush nominated Rosenstein to serve as the United States Attorney for the District of Maryland on May 23, 2005. He took office on July 12, 2005, after the U.S. Senate unanimously confirmed his nomination.^[26]^[28] He was the only U.S. Attorney retained by President Barack Obama.

As United States Attorney, he oversaw federal civil and criminal litigation, assisted with federal law enforcement strategies in Maryland, and presented cases in the U.S. District Court and in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.^[28] In 2012, Attorney General Eric Holder directed Rosenstein to investigate leaks regarding the U.S.'s Stuxnet operation, which sabotaged Iran's nuclear program; as a result of the investigation, former U.S. Marine Corps General James Cartwright pleaded guilty to making false statements to the FBI and acknowledged leaking information about the operation to New York Times journalist David E. Sanger.^[29] During his tenure as U.S. Attorney, Rosenstein successfully prosecuted leaks of classified information, corruption, murders and burglaries, and was "particularly effective taking on corruption within police departments."^[30]

Rosenstein secured several convictions against prison guards in Baltimore for conspiring with the Black Guerrilla Family.^[27] He indicted Baltimore police officers Wayne Jenkins, Momodu Gondo, Evodio Hendrix, Daniel Hersl, Jemell Rayam, Marcus Taylor, and Maurice Ward for racketeering.^[31] Rosenstein, with the aid of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms and the Drug Enforcement Administration, secured convictions in large scale narcotics cases in the District of Maryland, including the arrest and conviction of Terrell Plummer,^[32] Richard Christopher Byrd,^[33]^[34] and Yasmine Geen Young.^[35]

The Attorney General appointed Rosenstein to serve on the Advisory Committee of U.S. Attorneys, which evaluates and recommends policies for the Department of Justice. He was vice-chair of the Violent and Organized Crime Subcommittee and a member of the Subcommittees on White Collar Crime, Sentencing Issues and Cyber/Intellectual Property Crime. He also served on the Attorney General's Anti-Gang Coordination Committee.

Attorney General Eric Holder appointed Rosenstein to prosecute General James Cartwright, a former Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, for leaking to reporters.^[27] Cartwright pled guilty, but he was later pardoned.^[27]

Rosenstein served as the U.S. Attorney in Maryland during a period in which homicides decreased by approximately one-third, in other words, double the decline at the national level. Additionally, the robbery and aggravated assault rates fell faster than the national average. According to Thiru Vignarajah, the former deputy attorney general of Maryland, "Collaboration between prosecutors, police, and the community combined with a dogged focus on violent repeat offenders was the anchor of Rosenstein’s approach." Rosenstein regarded the heroin and opioid epidemic as a public health crisis, hired a re-entry specialist to help ex-offenders adjust to life outside of prison, and prosecuted several individual cases of corrupt police officers.^[36]

Judicial nomination

In 2007, President Bush nominated Rosenstein to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. Rosenstein was a Maryland resident at the time. Maryland's Democratic United States Senators, Barbara Mikulski and Ben Cardin, blocked Rosenstein's nomination, claiming he did not have strong enough ties to Maryland.^[37]

Deputy Attorney General of the United States

Nomination and confirmation

President Trump nominated Rosenstein to serve as Deputy Attorney General on February 1, 2017.^[38]^[39] He was one of the 46 United States Attorneys ordered on March 10, 2017, to resign by Attorney General Jeff Sessions; Trump declined to accept his resignation.^[40] Rosenstein was confirmed by the Senate on April 25, 2017, by a vote of 94–6.^[41]^[42]

Comey memo

On May 8, 2017, President Trump directed Sessions and Rosenstein to make a case against FBI Director James Comey in writing. The next day, Rosenstein handed a memo to Sessions providing the basis for Sessions's recommendation to President Trump that Comey be dismissed.^[43]^[44] In his memo Rosenstein asserted that the FBI must have "a Director who understands the gravity of the mistakes and pledges never to repeat them". He ends with an argument against keeping Comey as FBI director, on the grounds that he was given an opportunity to "admit his errors" but that there is no hope that he will "implement the necessary corrective actions."^[45]

Some critics argued that Rosenstein, in enabling the dismissal of Comey amid an investigation into Russian election interference, damaged his own reputation.^[46]^[47]^[48]^[49]^[50]

After administration officials cited Rosenstein's memo as the main reason for Comey's dismissal, an anonymous source in the White House said that Rosenstein threatened to resign.^[51] Rosenstein denied the claim and said he was "not quitting," when asked directly by a reporter from Sinclair Broadcast Group.^[52]^[53]

On May 17, Rosenstein told the Senate he knew that Comey would be fired before he wrote his memo that the White House initially used as justification for President Trump firing Comey.^[54]

The New York Times reported in August 2020 that concerns about a possible counterintelligence threat posed by Trump's personal and financial dealings with Russia increased after his May 9 firing of Comey, prompting the FBI to open an inquiry separate from the Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation) and the incipient Mueller investigation. Within days, Rosenstein curtailed that inquiry, giving the bureau the impression that Mueller would pursue it, though Rosenstein instructed Mueller not to, effectively ending the inquiry.^[55]

Special counsel appointment

On May 17, 2017, Rosenstein appointed Robert Mueller as a special counsel to conduct the investigation into "any links and/or coordination between the Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump" as well as any matters arising directly from that investigation.^[56] Rosenstein's order authorizes Mueller to bring criminal charges in the event that he discovers any federal crimes.^[56] Rosenstein said in a statement, "My decision is not a finding that crimes have been committed or that any prosecution is warranted. I have made no such determination. What I have determined is that based upon the unique circumstances the public interest requires me to place this investigation under the authority of a person who exercises a degree of independence from the normal chain of command."^[57]

In an interview with the Associated Press, Rosenstein said he would recuse from supervision of Mueller, if he himself were to become a subject in the investigation due to his role in the dismissal of James Comey.^[58] Under that scenario, supervision would have fallen to DOJ's third-ranking official, Associate Attorney General Rachel Brand.^[59] Brand resigned on February 20, 2018,^[60] leaving the responsibility to Jesse Panuccio.

Michael Cohen investigation

In April 2018, Rosenstein reportedly personally approved the FBI raid on President Trump's attorney, Michael Cohen, in which the FBI seized emails, tax documents, and records, some of them related to Cohen's payment to adult-film star Stormy Daniels.^[61]^[62] After interim U.S. Attorney Geoffrey Berman had recused himself, the search was executed by others in the office of the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York and approved by a federal judge.^[63]

Impeachment articles

Eleven House GOP members filed articles of impeachment against Rosenstein on July 25, 2018, alleging he has stonewalled document requests from Congress and he mishandled the 2016 election investigation. Rosenstein has denied the allegations.^[64]^[65] No such impeachment resolution was brought to the floor, with Ryan and Meadows backing down.^[66] Subsequently, it was revealed that Devin Nunes wanted to impeach Rosenstein, but was concerned that attempting to do so would delay the confirmation of Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh.^[67]

Alleged 25th Amendment discussions

On September 21, 2018, The New York Times reported that Rosenstein suggested, in the spring of 2017 shortly after the dismissal of Comey, that he could secretly tape conversations between himself and Trump. He also allegedly suggested invoking the 25th amendment to attempt to remove Trump from office.^[68]^[69] Rosenstein strongly denied it, and other reporting suggested he had been sarcastic in his reference to taping Trump.^[70]^[71] The report gave rise to rumors that he would be fired.^[72]

Former FBI deputy director Andrew McCabe stated in a February 2019 60 Minutes interview that during the days after Comey was fired, "the highest levels of American law enforcement were trying to figure out what to do with the president," including the possibility of invoking the 25th Amendment to have Trump removed from office. Rosenstein again denied such discussions occurred.^[73]

Rosenstein went to the White House on September 24, where he met with Chief of Staff John Kelly; according to some reports, he offered his resignation.^[74]^[75] Following the meeting, the White House issued a statement that Rosenstein retained his position as deputy attorney general and would meet with Trump on September 27.^[76] Due to the ongoing hearings of Brett Kavanaugh, Rosenstein instead met with Trump on October 8.^[77]^[78]^[79] Further, Rosenstein agreed to meet with House Republicans within the next two weeks.^[80]^[81]

Transfer of Mueller oversight and issuance of report

On November 7, 2018, Trump named Matthew Whitaker as Acting Attorney General, and Whitaker took over the oversight of Mueller's investigation. Oversight of the investigation was later assumed by William Barr upon his confirmation as attorney general.^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

On March 22, 2019, Mueller released his report to Barr. On March 24, Barr sent a four-page letter to Congressional leaders "summarizing" the Mueller report, although he later said he had not intended the letter as a summary.^[82] In it, he said that Mueller had made no determination about whether Trump had committed obstruction of justice, and that Barr and Rosenstein had concluded that the evidence in the report was "not sufficient to establish that the President committed an obstruction-of-justice offense."^[83]

In an address at the Yale Club as he was preparing to leave the Justice Department following the release of the Mueller Report, Rosenstein criticized the Obama administration, the FBI, Congress, and the press for their conduct regarding Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. Rosenstein asserted, "The previous administration chose not to publicize the full story about Russian computer hackers and social media trolls, and how they relate to a broader strategy to undermine America."^[84] He asserted that former FBI director James Comey had stated that Trump pressured him to end the investigation into the matter. Rosenstein went on to say, "In politics — as in journalism — the rules of evidence do not apply." He quoted President Trump advocating for the rule of law. He also criticized the FBI and Congress for leaks regarding the investigation.^[85]

Involvement in Trump administration's family separation policy

In May 2018, Rosenstein reportedly told five U.S. Attorneys in districts along the border with Mexico that, where refugees were concerned, they should not "be categorically declining immigration prosecutions of adults in family units because of the age of a child." The directive, issued under Attorney General Jeff Sessions and other Trump Justice Department officials as part of the Trump administration family separation policy, led to the separation of thousands of small children from their parents, many of whom were seeking asylum in the United States after fleeing violence in Central America.^[86] Rosenstein insisted that children should be separated from their parents irrespective of the child's age, even if they were infants.^[87]

In January 2021, the Inspector General for the Department of Justice concluded an investigation into the policy.^[88] The findings led Rosenstein to admit that family separations "should never have been implemented".^[89]

Departure

Rosenstein was expected to step down from his position in mid-March 2019.^[90]^[91] On February 19, 2019, President Trump announced his intention to nominate Jeffrey A. Rosen for the position of Deputy Attorney General.^[92] Rosenstein subsequently resigned effective May 11, 2019.^[15]

Post-government career

Rosenstein joined King & Spalding in January 2020, a white-shoe international law firm. He works primarily in assisting clients with federal investigations.^[93]

Rosenstein has served as an adjunct professor, teaching classes on federal criminal prosecution at the University of Maryland School of Law and trial advocacy at the University of Baltimore School of Law.^[17]

Personal life

Rosenstein is married to Lisa Barsoomian, an Armenian American lawyer who worked for the National Institutes of Health until 2011. They have two daughters.^[17]^[94] As a government attorney, Barsoomian represented the United States in various matters, including Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) cases, and the FBI's "Carnivore" surveillance system, which monitors and captures e-mail.^[95]^[96] Rosenstein resides in Bethesda, Maryland.^[97]

Rosenstein is a registered Republican.^[1]^[98]

He was a member of Washington D.C.'s Temple Sinai, a Reform Jewish congregation, from 2008 to 2014.^[99] According to a questionnaire that Rosenstein completed ahead of a hearing with the Senate Judiciary Committee, he was a member of a Jewish Community Center's sports league from 1993 to 2012.^[99] Rosenstein served on the board of directors of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum from 2001 to 2011.^[99]

In popular culture

Rosenstein was the subject of a song by Ben Folds called "Mr Peepers", a reference to the supposed nickname given to him by President Trump.^[100]

Rosenstein was portrayed by actor Scoot McNairy in the Showtime TV miniseries The Comey Rule.

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^ Rubin, Jennifer (March 31, 2019). "When is a summary not a summary?". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
^ Breuninger, Kevin (March 25, 2019). "Attorney General William Barr's letter to Congress on special counsel Robert Mueller's Russia report left many unanswered questions". CNBC. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
^ Landler, Mark (February 20, 2018). "Trump Tries to Shift Blame to Obama for Not Countering Russian Meddling". The New York Times.
^ Benner, Katie (April 26, 2019). "Rosenstein Assails Obama Administration, Comey and Journalists in Defending Handling of Russia Inquiry". The New York Times. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
^ Shear, Michael D. (October 6, 2020). "'We Need to Take Away Children,' No Matter How Young, Justice Dept. Officials Said". The New York Times.
^ Ed Pilkington, "Parents of 545 children still not found three years after Trump separation policy", The Guardian, 21 October 2020
^ "Watchdog: DOJ bungled 'zero tolerance' immigration policy". AP NEWS. January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2021. The report from the inspector general for the Justice Department found that leadership failed to prepare to implement the policy or manage the fallout, which resulted in more than 3,000 family separations during "zero tolerance" and caused lasting emotional damage to children who were taken from their parents at the border. ... According to the report, department leaders underestimated how difficult it would be to carry out the policy in the field and did not inform local prosecutors and others that children would be separated. They also failed to understand that children would be separated longer than a few hours, and when that was discovered, they pressed on.
^ Holpuch, Amanda; Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (January 14, 2021). "Trump official admits family separation policy 'should never have been implemented'". the Guardian. Retrieved January 15, 2021. Rod Rosenstein publicly denounces 'zero-tolerance' policy for first time, following report showing US didn't effectively coordinate care for children
^ Lynch, Sarah (February 18, 2019). "Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein to step down in March: official". Reuters. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
^ Darrah, Nicole (February 18, 2019). "Deputy AG Rod Rosenstein expected to step down by mid-March, official says". Fox News. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
^ Rucker, Philip (February 19, 2019). "'Enjoy your life': Trump puts new attorney general in an awkward position from the start". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
^ "Rod J. Rosenstein". kslaw.com. King & Spalding.
^ Ruben Castaneda. Profile of Rod Rosenstein Archived March 3, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post, October 9, 2011.
^ McBride, Jessica (May 2, 2018). "Lisa Barsoomian, Rod Rosenstein's Wife: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". Heavy.com. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
^ Asseo, Laurie (January 7, 2006). "FBI Given Deadline on 'Carnivore' Issues". ABC News. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
^ "Rod Rosenstein: 5 things to know about the man who helped get Comey fired". jta.org. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. May 10, 2017. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
^ "Deputy AG Rod Rosenstein Under Pressure As Republicans Prepare To Release Memo". NPR.org. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sales, Ben (May 11, 2017). "5 things to know about Rod Rosenstein, who helped get Comey fired". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on May 11, 2017. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
^ Reed, Ryan (September 10, 2018). "Hear Ben Folds Satirize Trump, Denounce Bullying on New Song 'Mister Peepers'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved January 21, 2022.

Sources

This article incorporates public domain material from Rod J. Rosenstein, District of Maryland. U.S. Department of Justice. Archived from the original on October 13, 2016.

External links

Appearances on C-SPAN

Legal offices
Preceded by Thomas M. DiBiagio	United States Attorney for the District of Maryland 2005–2017	Succeeded by Robert K. Hur
Preceded by Dana Boente Acting	United States Deputy Attorney General 2017–2019	Succeeded by Ed O'Callaghan Acting
Preceded by Jeff Sessions	United States Attorney General Acting 2018	Succeeded by Matthew Whitaker Acting

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[86] Shear, Michael D. (October 6, 2020). "'We Need to Take Away Children,' No Matter How Young, Justice Dept. Officials Said". The New York Times.

[87] Ed Pilkington, "Parents of 545 children still not found three years after Trump separation policy", The Guardian, 21 October 2020

[ap-2021-01-14-88] "Watchdog: DOJ bungled 'zero tolerance' immigration policy". AP NEWS. January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2021. The report from the inspector general for the Justice Department found that leadership failed to prepare to implement the policy or manage the fallout, which resulted in more than 3,000 family separations during "zero tolerance" and caused lasting emotional damage to children who were taken from their parents at the border. ... According to the report, department leaders underestimated how difficult it would be to carry out the policy in the field and did not inform local prosecutors and others that children would be separated. They also failed to understand that children would be separated longer than a few hours, and when that was discovered, they pressed on.

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@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 | predecessor  = [[Sally Yates]]
 | successor    = [[Jeffrey A. Rosen]]
-| office1      = [[United States Attorney for the District of Maryland]]
+| office1      = Acting [[United States Attorney General]]
-| president1   = [[George W. Bush]]<br/>[[Barack Obama]]<br/>[[Donald Trump]]
+| president1   = [[Donald Trump]]
-| term_start1  = July 12, 2005
+| term1        = November 7, 2018
-| term_end1    = April 26, 2017
+| deputy1       = ''Himself''
-| predecessor1 = [[Thomas M. DiBiagio]]
+| predecessor1 = [[Jeff Sessions]]
-| successor1   = [[Robert K. Hur]]
+| successor1   = [[Matthew Whitaker]] (acting)
+| office2      = [[United States Attorney for the District of Maryland]]
+| president2   = [[George W. Bush]]<br/>[[Barack Obama]]<br/>[[Donald Trump]]
+| term_start2  = July 12, 2005
+| term_end2    = April 26, 2017
+| predecessor2 = [[Thomas M. DiBiagio]]
+| successor2   = [[Robert K. Hur]]
 | birth_name   = Rod Jay Rosenstein
 | birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1965|1|13}}
@@ Line 31: / Line 37: @@
 }}
-'''Rod Jay Rosenstein''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|oʊ|z|ən|ˌ|s|t|aɪ|n}};<ref>{{cite AV media|date=March 7, 2017|title=Deputy Attorney General and Associate Attorney General Nominations|medium=video broadcast |publisher=C-SPAN |time=33:32| url= https://www.c-span.org/video/?424989-1/deputy-associate-attorneys-general-testify-confirmation-hearing&start=2012|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180210081825/https://www.c-span.org/video/?424989-1%2Fdeputy-associate-attorneys-general-testify-confirmation-hearing&start=2012|archive-date=February 10, 2018}}</ref> born January 13, 1965) is an American attorney who served as the 37th [[United States Deputy Attorney General|United States deputy attorney general]] from April 2017 until May 2019. Prior to his appointment, he served as a [[United States attorney]] for the [[United States District Court for the District of Maryland|District of Maryland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/5-things-to-know-about-rod-rosenstein-who-helped-get-comey-fired/|title=5 things to know about Rod Rosenstein, who helped get Comey fired|website=[[The Times of Israel]] |access-date=April 29, 2019}}</ref> At the time of his confirmation as deputy attorney general in April 2017, he was the longest-serving U.S. attorney.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fritze|first1= John |title=Rosenstein poised for confirmation as deputy attorney general |url= http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-rosenstein-cloture-20170424-story.html |access-date=April 25, 2017|work=Baltimore Sun|date=April 24, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170425023347/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-rosenstein-cloture-20170424-story.html|archive-date=April 25, 2017}}</ref> Rosenstein had also been nominated to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]] in 2007, but his nomination was never considered by the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]].<ref name="ncna730126" />
+'''Rod Jay Rosenstein''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|oʊ|z|ən|ˌ|s|t|aɪ|n}};<ref>{{cite AV media|date=March 7, 2017|title=Deputy Attorney General and Associate Attorney General Nominations|medium=video broadcast |publisher=C-SPAN |time=33:32| url= https://www.c-span.org/video/?424989-1/deputy-associate-attorneys-general-testify-confirmation-hearing&start=2012|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180210081825/https://www.c-span.org/video/?424989-1%2Fdeputy-associate-attorneys-general-testify-confirmation-hearing&start=2012|archive-date=February 10, 2018}}</ref> born January 13, 1965) is an American attorney who served as the 37th [[United States Deputy Attorney General|United States deputy attorney general]] from 2017 to 2019. Prior to his appointment, he served as a [[United States attorney]] for the [[United States District Court for the District of Maryland|District of Maryland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/5-things-to-know-about-rod-rosenstein-who-helped-get-comey-fired/|title=5 things to know about Rod Rosenstein, who helped get Comey fired|website=[[The Times of Israel]] |access-date=April 29, 2019}}</ref> At the time of his confirmation as deputy attorney general in April 2017, he was the longest-serving U.S. attorney.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fritze|first1= John |title=Rosenstein poised for confirmation as deputy attorney general |url= http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-rosenstein-cloture-20170424-story.html |access-date=April 25, 2017|work=Baltimore Sun|date=April 24, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170425023347/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-rosenstein-cloture-20170424-story.html|archive-date=April 25, 2017}}</ref> Rosenstein had also been nominated to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]] in 2007, but his nomination was never considered by the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]].<ref name="ncna730126" />
-President [[Donald Trump]] nominated Rosenstein to serve as Deputy Attorney General on February 1, 2017. Rosenstein was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on April 25, 2017. In May 2017, at Trump's behest,<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39866767| title= Rod Rosenstein's letter recommending Comey be fired|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170510022336/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39866767| archivedate=May 10, 2017| website=bbc.com| date=May 10, 2017}}</ref> he authored a memo that Trump then cited as the basis for his decision to [[Dismissal of James Comey|dismiss]] [[Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI Director]] [[James Comey]].<ref>{{cite web |first= Tamara|last=Keith|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/05/10/527817905/deputy-attorney-general-rod-rosenstein-played-key-role-in-comeys-firing|title=Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein Played Key Role In Comey's Firing |website=[[NPR]]|date=April 26, 2017|access-date=June 17, 2023|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170511011022/http://www.npr.org/2017/05/10/527817905/deputy-attorney-general-rod-rosenstein-played-key-role-in-comeys-firing|archive-date=May 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39866767| title= Rod Rosenstein's letter recommending Comey be fired| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170510022336/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39866767| archivedate=May 10, 2017| website= bbc.com| date= May 10, 2017}}</ref>
+President [[Donald Trump]] nominated Rosenstein to serve as Deputy Attorney General on February 1, 2017. Rosenstein was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on April 25, 2017. In May 2017, at Trump's behest,<ref name= fired-bbc>{{cite news| url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39866767| title= Rod Rosenstein's letter recommending Comey be fired|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170510022336/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39866767| archivedate=May 10, 2017| website=bbc.com| date=May 10, 2017}}</ref> he authored a memo that Trump then cited as the basis for his decision to [[Dismissal of James Comey|dismiss]] [[Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI Director]] [[James Comey]].<ref>{{cite web |first= Tamara|last=Keith|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/05/10/527817905/deputy-attorney-general-rod-rosenstein-played-key-role-in-comeys-firing|title=Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein Played Key Role In Comey's Firing |website=[[NPR]].org|date=April 26, 2017|access-date=June 17, 2023|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170511011022/http://www.npr.org/2017/05/10/527817905/deputy-attorney-general-rod-rosenstein-played-key-role-in-comeys-firing|archive-date=May 11, 2017}}</ref><ref name= fired-bbc />
-In May 2018, Rosenstein reportedly told the five [[U.S. Attorney]]s in districts along the border with Mexico that, where refugees were concerned, they should not "be categorically declining immigration prosecutions of adults in family units because of the age of a child." The directive, issued as part of the [[Trump administration family separation policy]], led to the separation of thousands of small children from their parents, many of whom were seeking asylum in the United States after fleeing [[Northern Triangle of Central America|violence in Central America]].<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/06/us/politics/family-separation-border-immigration-jeff-sessions-rod-rosenstein.html|title='We Need to Take Away Children,' No Matter How Young, Justice Dept. Officials Said|first=Michael D.|last=Shear|date=October 6, 2020|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
+In May 2018, Rosenstein reportedly told the five [[U.S. Attorney]]s in districts along the border with Mexico, where refugees were concerned, that they should not "be categorically declining immigration prosecutions of adults in family units because of the age of a child." The directive, issued as part of the [[Trump administration family separation policy]], led to the separation of thousands of small children from their parents, many of whom were seeking asylum in the United States after fleeing [[Northern Triangle of Central America|violence in Central America]].<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/06/us/politics/family-separation-border-immigration-jeff-sessions-rod-rosenstein.html|title='We Need to Take Away Children,' No Matter How Young, Justice Dept. Officials Said|first=Michael D.|last=Shear|date=October 6, 2020|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
-Following the recusal of Attorney General [[Jeff Sessions]] and Comey's dismissal, Rosenstein appointed [[Robert Mueller]] as special counsel to investigate the myriad [[links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies]] and related matters.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rod|last=Rosenstein|url=https://nyti.ms/2rsdmXO|title=Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel|newspaper= The New York Times |date=May 17, 2017|access-date=January 11, 2017}}</ref> Rosenstein previously assumed authority over the parallel FBI probe after Sessions recused himself over misleading remarks he made to the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Committee on the Judiciary]] during his confirmation process. ''The New York Times'' reported Rosenstein prevented the FBI and Mueller from investigating Trump's personal and financial dealings in Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html|title=Justice Dept. Never Fully Examined Trump's Ties to Russia, Ex-Officials Say|first=Michael S.|last=Schmidt|date=August 30, 2020|newspaper= The New York Times}}</ref> On November 7, 2018, Trump transferred this oversight to acting US Attorney General [[Matthew Whitaker]].<ref name= cnbcnov7>{{cite web|url= https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/07/trumps-acting-attorney-general-matthew-whitaker-will-take-over-mueller-probe-oversight-nbc-news.html|title=Trump's new acting attorney general has criticized the Mueller probe. Now he will oversee it|first=Kevin|last= Breuninger|website=[[CNBC]] |date=November 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=voxnov7 /><ref name=theweeknov7>{{cite web|url= https://theweek.com/speedreads/806484/rod-rosenstein-no-longer-charge-mueller-probe|title=Rod Rosenstein is no longer in charge of the Mueller probe|date=November 7, 2018 | work= The Week| publisher=| accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=hillnov7>{{cite web |url= https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/415594-rosenstein-goes-to-white-house-for-preplanned-meeting-after-sessions |title=Rosenstein goes to White House for 'preplanned' meeting after Sessions departure|first=Jacqueline |last=Thomsen|website= [[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=November 7, 2018}}</ref>
+Following the recusal of Attorney General [[Jeff Sessions]] and Comey's dismissal, Rosenstein appointed [[Robert Mueller]] as special counsel to investigate the myriad [[links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies]] and related matters.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rod|last=Rosenstein|url=https://nyti.ms/2rsdmXO|title=Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel|newspaper= The New York Times |date=May 17, 2017|access-date=January 11, 2017}}</ref> Rosenstein previously assumed authority over the parallel FBI probe after Sessions recused himself over misleading remarks he made to the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Committee on the Judiciary]] during his confirmation process. ''The New York Times'' reported Rosenstein prevented the FBI and Mueller from investigating Trump's personal and financial dealings in Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html|title=Justice Dept. Never Fully Examined Trump's Ties to Russia, Ex-Officials Say|first=Michael S.|last=Schmidt|date=August 30, 2020|newspaper= The New York Times}}</ref> Following the resignation of [[Jeff Sessions]] as [[United States Attorney General]] at the request of President [[Donald Trump]], Rosenstein also served as acting [[United States Attorney General]] for a few hours on November 7, 2018 until President [[Donald Trump]] signed an executive order naming [[Matthew Whitaker]] as acting [[United States Attorney General]] later that day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blitzer|first=Ronn |date=November 7, 2018|title=Attorney General Jeff Sessions is Out. Here's What Could Happen Next.|url=https://lawandcrime.com/high-profile/attorney-general-jeff-sessions-is-out-heres-what-could-happen-next/|access-date=September 18, 2024|website=Law & Crime|language=en-US}}</ref> On November 7, 2018, Trump transferred this oversight to acting [[United States Attorney General]] [[Matthew Whitaker]].<ref name= cnbcnov7>{{cite web|url= https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/07/trumps-acting-attorney-general-matthew-whitaker-will-take-over-mueller-probe-oversight-nbc-news.html|title=Trump's new acting attorney general has criticized the Mueller probe. Now he will oversee it|first=Kevin|last= Breuninger|website=[[CNBC]].com |date=November 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=voxnov7 /><ref name=theweeknov7>{{cite web|url= https://theweek.com/speedreads/806484/rod-rosenstein-no-longer-charge-mueller-probe|title=Rod Rosenstein is no longer in charge of the Mueller probe|date=November 7, 2018 | work= The Week| publisher=| accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=hillnov7>{{cite web |url= https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/415594-rosenstein-goes-to-white-house-for-preplanned-meeting-after-sessions/ |title=Rosenstein goes to White House for 'preplanned' meeting after Sessions departure|first=Jacqueline |last=Thomsen|website= [[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=November 7, 2018}}</ref>
-Rosenstein submitted his resignation as deputy attorney general on April 29, 2019, which took effect on May 11, 2019.<ref name = resignation>{{Cite web|url= https://www.marketwatch.com/story/deputy-attorney-general-rod-rosenstein-resigns-effective-may-11-2019-04-29|title=Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein resigns, effective May 11|last=Gurman|first=Sadie|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=April 29, 2019|access-date=April 29, 2019}}</ref> Rosenstein joined the law firm [[King & Spalding]]'s D.C. office as a partner on the "Special Matters and Government Investigations" team in January 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.kslaw.com/news-and-insights/former-us-deputy-attorney-general-rod-rosenstein-joins-king-spalding-as-a-partner-in-washington-dc|title=Former U.S. Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein Joins King & Spalding as a Partner in Washington, D.C.|website= kslaw.com|language=en|date=January 8, 2020|access-date=January 10, 2020}}</ref>
+Rosenstein submitted his resignation as deputy attorney general on April 29, 2019, which took effect on May 11, 2019.<ref name = resignation>{{Cite web|url= https://www.marketwatch.com/story/deputy-attorney-general-rod-rosenstein-resigns-effective-may-11-2019-04-29|title=Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein resigns, effective May 11|last=Gurman|first=Sadie|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=April 29, 2019|access-date=April 29, 2019}}</ref> In 2020, he joined the law firm [[King & Spalding]] as a [[partner (business rank)|partner]] in its "Special Matters and Government Investigations" practice.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.kslaw.com/news-and-insights/former-us-deputy-attorney-general-rod-rosenstein-joins-king-spalding-as-a-partner-in-washington-dc|title=Former U.S. Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein Joins King & Spalding as a Partner in Washington, D.C.|website= kslaw.com|language=en|date=January 8, 2020|access-date=January 10, 2020}}</ref>
 ==Early life and education==
-Rosenstein was born in 1965 to an [[Ashkenazi]] [[Jewish]] family in [[Philadelphia]].<ref name=10things /><ref name="SJQ">{{cite web |url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Rosenstein%20SJQ%20(Public).pdf|title=Questionnaire for non-judicial nominees |publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|first=Rod|last=Rosenstein|access-date=May 9, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513173952/https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Rosenstein%20SJQ%20(Public).pdf|archive-date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> His father, Robert, ran a small business, whilst his mother, Gerri Rosenstein, was a bookkeeper and local school board president. Rod grew up in [[Lower Moreland Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Lower Moreland Township, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Whelan|first1=Aubrey|title=The Montco-reared deputy AG who recommended firing Comey |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/presidential/The-Montco-raised-deputy-AG-who-recommended-Comeys-firing.html |access-date=May 12, 2017|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=May 10, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510210504/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/presidential/The-Montco-raised-deputy-AG-who-recommended-Comeys-firing.html|archive-date=May 10, 2017}}</ref> Rosenstein graduated from [[Lower Moreland Township School District|Lower Moreland High School]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/rod-rosenstein-biography-4175896|title=Biography of Rod Rosenstein|first=Tom|last=Murse|website=[[ThoughtCo]]|date=July 9, 2019}}</ref> He has one sister, Dr. [[Nancy Messonnier]], who directed the [[National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases]] at the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], during the [[COVID-19]] epidemic until March 14, 2021 when her resignation became effective.<ref name="written">{{cite web|title=Written Statement of Rod J. Rosenstein Nominee to Serve as Deputy Attorney General |url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/03-07-17%20Rosenstein%20Testimony.pdf|publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|access-date=May 12, 2017|date=March 7, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513154930/https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/03-07-17%20Rosenstein%20Testimony.pdf|archive-date=May 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nancy Messonnier, Director, NCIRD |url=https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/new-leaders/ncird.html|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] |access-date=May 12, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505063538/https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/new-leaders/ncird.html|archive-date=May 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/05/07/cdc-official-resigns/?carta-url=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.washingtonpost.com%2Fcar-ln-tr%2F323a012%2F609569c29d2fdae302463acd%2F5de1dfc5ade4e25a93873aa0%2F27%2F70%2F609569c29d2fdae302463acd|title=Senior CDC official who met Trump's wrath for raising alarm about coronavirus to resign|last1=Stanley-Becker|first1=Isaac|last2=Sun|first2=Lena H.|date=May 7, 2021|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=17 June 2023|archive-date=July 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710200217/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/05/07/cdc-official-resigns/?carta-url=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.washingtonpost.com%2Fcar-ln-tr%2F323a012%2F609569c29d2fdae302463acd%2F5de1dfc5ade4e25a93873aa0%2F27%2F70%2F609569c29d2fdae302463acd|url-status=live}}</ref>
+Rosenstein was born in 1965 to an [[Ashkenazi]] [[Jewish]] family in [[Philadelphia]].<ref name=10things /><ref name="SJQ">{{cite web |url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Rosenstein%20SJQ%20(Public).pdf|title=Questionnaire for non-judicial nominees |publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|first=Rod|last=Rosenstein|access-date=May 9, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513173952/https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Rosenstein%20SJQ%20(Public).pdf|archive-date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> His father, Robert, ran a small business, whilst his mother, Gerri Rosenstein, was a bookkeeper and local school board president. Rod grew up in [[Lower Moreland Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Lower Moreland Township, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Whelan|first1=Aubrey|title=The Montco-reared deputy AG who recommended firing Comey |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/presidential/The-Montco-raised-deputy-AG-who-recommended-Comeys-firing.html |access-date=May 12, 2017|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=May 10, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510210504/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/presidential/The-Montco-raised-deputy-AG-who-recommended-Comeys-firing.html|archive-date=May 10, 2017}}</ref> Rosenstein graduated from [[Lower Moreland Township School District|Lower Moreland High School]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/rod-rosenstein-biography-4175896|title=Biography of Rod Rosenstein|first=Tom|last=Murse|website=[[ThoughtCo]]|date=July 9, 2019}}</ref> His sister, [[Nancy Messonnier]], is a physician who was the director of the [[National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases]] of the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] from 2016 to 2021.<ref name="written">{{cite web|title=Written Statement of Rod J. Rosenstein Nominee to Serve as Deputy Attorney General |url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/03-07-17%20Rosenstein%20Testimony.pdf|publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|access-date=May 12, 2017|date=March 7, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513154930/https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/03-07-17%20Rosenstein%20Testimony.pdf|archive-date=May 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nancy Messonnier, Director, NCIRD |url=https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/new-leaders/ncird.html|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] |access-date=May 12, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505063538/https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/new-leaders/ncird.html|archive-date=May 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/05/07/cdc-official-resigns/?carta-url=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.washingtonpost.com%2Fcar-ln-tr%2F323a012%2F609569c29d2fdae302463acd%2F5de1dfc5ade4e25a93873aa0%2F27%2F70%2F609569c29d2fdae302463acd|title=Senior CDC official who met Trump's wrath for raising alarm about coronavirus to resign|last1=Stanley-Becker|first1=Isaac|last2=Sun|first2=Lena H.|date=May 7, 2021|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=17 June 2023|archive-date=July 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710200217/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/05/07/cdc-official-resigns/?carta-url=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.washingtonpost.com%2Fcar-ln-tr%2F323a012%2F609569c29d2fdae302463acd%2F5de1dfc5ade4e25a93873aa0%2F27%2F70%2F609569c29d2fdae302463acd|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Rosenstein attended the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]] of the [[University of Pennsylvania]], where he graduated ''[[summa cum laude]]'' and [[Phi Beta Kappa]] in 1986 with a [[Bachelor of Science]] in [[economics]].<ref name="wapo">{{cite news |title=Profile of Rod Rosenstein, U.S. attorney for Maryland|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/profile-of-rod-rosenstein-us-attorney-for-maryland/2011/09/29/gIQAfOTWYL_story.html|access-date=February 13, 2017|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=October 9, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303202238/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/profile-of-rod-rosenstein-us-attorney-for-maryland/2011/09/29/gIQAfOTWYL_story.html|archive-date=March 3, 2017}}</ref>
+Rosenstein attended the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]] of the [[University of Pennsylvania]], graduating in 1986 with a [[Bachelor of Science]], [[Latin honors|''summa cum laude'']], in [[economics]] and [[Phi Beta Kappa]] membership.<ref name="wapo">{{cite news |title=Profile of Rod Rosenstein, U.S. attorney for Maryland|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/profile-of-rod-rosenstein-us-attorney-for-maryland/2011/09/29/gIQAfOTWYL_story.html|access-date=February 13, 2017|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=October 9, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303202238/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/profile-of-rod-rosenstein-us-attorney-for-maryland/2011/09/29/gIQAfOTWYL_story.html|archive-date=March 3, 2017}}</ref> He then attended [[Harvard Law School]], where he was an editor of the ''[[Harvard Law Review]]'' and graduated in 1989 with a [[Juris Doctor]], ''cum laude''.<ref name="wapo" />
-After graduating from Penn, Rosenstein attended [[Harvard Law School]] where he was an editor of the ''[[Harvard Law Review]]''. Rosenstein graduated from Harvard in 1989 with a [[Juris Doctor]] degree, ''[[cum laude]]''.<ref name=wapo/> He then served as a [[law clerk]] to Judge [[Douglas H. Ginsburg]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dolan|first1=Matthew|title=Rosenstein takes office as top U.S. prosecutor|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2005-08-12/news/0508120097_1_rosenstein-chief-judge-ginsburg |access-date=February 13, 2017|newspaper=[[Baltimore Sun]]|date=August 12, 2005|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214175756/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2005-08-12/news/0508120097_1_rosenstein-chief-judge-ginsburg|archive-date=February 14, 2017}}</ref> He was a Wasserstein Fellow at [[Harvard Law School]] from 1997–98.<ref>{{cite web|title=Past Wasserstein Fellows|url=http://hls.harvard.edu/dept/opia/career-contacts/past-wasserstein-fellows|publisher=[[Harvard Law School]]|access-date=December 9, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720192527/http://hls.harvard.edu/dept/opia/career-contacts/past-wasserstein-fellows|archive-date=July 20, 2017}}</ref>
 ==Career==
 ===Early career===
 [[File:Independent-Counsel-Office-Group.jpg|thumb|right|Rosenstein during his time working for the Independent Counsel. [[Brett Kavanaugh]], [[Alex Azar]], and [[Ken Starr]] are present.]]
-After his clerkship, Rosenstein joined the [[United States Department of Justice]] through the Attorney General's Honors Program. From 1990 to 1993, he prosecuted public corruption cases as a trial attorney with the Public Integrity Section of the Criminal Division, the latter of which was led by then Assistant Attorney General [[Robert Mueller]].<ref name=wapo /><ref name=sun>{{cite news|last1=Rector|first1=Kevin |title=Maryland leaders hope state's long-serving U.S. attorney will survive Trump transition |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-rosenstein-future-20161120-story.html|access-date=February 13, 2017 |newspaper=[[Baltimore Sun]]|date=November 20, 2016|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170214102541/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-rosenstein-future-20161120-story.html|archive-date=February 14, 2017}}</ref>
+After law school, Rosenstein was a [[law clerk]] to Judge [[Douglas H. Ginsburg]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit]] from 1989 to 1990.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dolan|first1=Matthew|title=Rosenstein takes office as top U.S. prosecutor|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2005/08/12/rosenstein-takes-office-as-top-us-prosecutor/ |access-date=February 13, 2017|newspaper=[[Baltimore Sun]]|date=August 12, 2005|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214175756/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2005-08-12/news/0508120097_1_rosenstein-chief-judge-ginsburg|archive-date=February 14, 2017}}</ref> He then joined the [[United States Department of Justice]] through the Attorney General's Honors Program. From 1990 to 1993, he prosecuted public corruption cases as a trial attorney with the Public Integrity Section of the Criminal Division, the latter of which was led by then Assistant Attorney General [[Robert Mueller]].<ref name=wapo /><ref name=sun>{{cite news|last1=Rector|first1=Kevin |title=Maryland leaders hope state's long-serving U.S. attorney will survive Trump transition |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-rosenstein-future-20161120-story.html|access-date=February 13, 2017 |newspaper=[[Baltimore Sun]]|date=November 20, 2016|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170214102541/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-rosenstein-future-20161120-story.html|archive-date=February 14, 2017}}</ref>
 During the [[Presidency of Bill Clinton|Clinton Administration]], Rosenstein served as counsel to Deputy Attorney General [[Philip B. Heymann]] (1993–1994) and Special Assistant to Criminal Division Assistant Attorney General [[Jo Ann Harris (federal prosecutor)|Jo Ann Harris]] (1994–1995). Rosenstein then worked in the [[United States Office of the Independent Counsel]] under [[Ken Starr]] on the [[Whitewater controversy|Whitewater investigation]] into President [[Bill Clinton]].<ref name="NYT22may17">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/21/us/politics/rod-rosenstein-justice-comey.html|title=Caught in White House Chaos, Justice Dept. Official Seeks Neutral Ground|last1=Davis|first1=Julie Hirschfeld|date=May 22, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 24, 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170523150220/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/21/us/politics/rod-rosenstein-justice-comey.html|archive-date=May 23, 2017|url-status=live|last2=Ruiz|first2=Rebecca R.|page=A1}}</ref> As an Associate Independent Counsel from 1995 to 1997, he was co-counsel in the trial of three defendants who were convicted of fraud, and he supervised the investigation that found no basis for criminal prosecution of White House officials who had obtained FBI background reports.<ref name=wapo/>
@@ Line 64: / Line 68: @@
 As United States Attorney, he oversaw federal civil and criminal litigation, assisted with federal law enforcement strategies in Maryland, and presented cases in the [[United States District Court|U.S. District Court]] and in the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]].<ref name="usao"/> In 2012, Attorney General [[Eric Holder]] directed Rosenstein to investigate leaks regarding the U.S.'s [[Stuxnet]] operation, which sabotaged Iran's nuclear program; as a result of the investigation, former [[U.S. Marine Corps]] General [[James Cartwright]] pleaded guilty to [[making false statements]] to the FBI and acknowledged leaking information about the operation to ''New York Times'' journalist [[David E. Sanger]].<ref>{{cite web| first= Josh | last= Gerstein| url= https://www.politico.com/blogs/under-the-radar/2018/01/12/stuxnet-leak-probe-court-unseals-details-337912| title= Court unseals details on Stuxnet leak probe| website= Politico.com | date= January 12, 2018}}</ref> During his tenure as U.S. Attorney, Rosenstein successfully prosecuted leaks of classified information, corruption, murders and burglaries, and was "particularly effective taking on corruption within police departments."<ref>Sales, Ben. (11 May 2017). {{cite web|url= http://www.timesofisrael.com/5-things-to-know-about-rod-rosenstein-who-helped-get-comey-fired|title=5 things to know about Rod Rosenstein, who helped get Comey fired|website=[[The Times of Israel]]| accessdate= 12 March 2020}}</ref>
-Rosenstein secured several convictions against prison guards in Baltimore for conspiring with the [[Black Guerrilla Family]].<ref name=NYT22may17 /> He indicted [[Baltimore Police Department|Baltimore police officers]] Wayne Jenkins, Momodu Gondo, Evodio Hendrix, Daniel Hersl, Jemell Rayam, Marcus Taylor, and Maurice Ward for racketeering.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.fox10tv.com/story/34642939/7-baltimore-officers-accused-of-abusing-power-robbing-citizens|title=7 Baltimore officers accused of abusing power, robbing citizens|first=Spencer|last=Ernst|url-status=live| website= fox10tv.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170729011916/http://www.fox10tv.com/story/34642939/7-baltimore-officers-accused-of-abusing-power-robbing-citizens|archive-date=July 29, 2017}}</ref> Rosenstein, with the aid of the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms]] and the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]], secured convictions in large scale narcotics cases in the District of Maryland, including the arrest and conviction of Terrell Plummer,<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.atf.gov/news/pr/seven-baltimore-men-indicted-federal-drug-conspiracy-related-2014-murder-mckenzie-elliott|title=Seven Baltimore Men Indicted in Federal Drug Conspiracy Related to 2014 Murder of McKenzie Elliott | publisher= Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives|website= atf.gov| url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514044416/https://www.atf.gov/news/pr/seven-baltimore-men-indicted-federal-drug-conspiracy-related-2014-murder-mckenzie-elliott|archive-date=May 14, 2017}}</ref> Richard Christopher Byrd,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-md/pr/richard-byrd-pleads-guilty-leading-major-baltimore-drug-distribution-organization |title= Richard 'Rob' Byrd Pleads Guilty to Leading Major Baltimore Drug Distribution Organization|website= justice.gov|date=November 2, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170729012542/https://www.justice.gov/usao-md/pr/richard-byrd-pleads-guilty-leading-major-baltimore-drug-distribution-organization|archive-date=July 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= http://articles.herald-mail.com/2006-11-07/news/25068008_1_marijuana-indictment-drug-trafficking-charges|title=Feds indict 11 on drug trafficking charges|url-status=live | website= herald-mail.com| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170519022052/http://articles.herald-mail.com/2006-11-07/news/25068008_1_marijuana-indictment-drug-trafficking-charges|archive-date=May 19, 2017}}</ref> and Yasmine Geen Young.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.justice.gov/usao-md/pr/baltimore-woman-sentenced-over-five-years-federal-prison-bank-fraud-and-narcotics |title=Baltimore Woman Sentenced to Over Five Years in Federal Prison for Bank Fraud and Narcotics Conspiracy |website= justice.gov |date=April 25, 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170613052810/https://www.justice.gov/usao-md/pr/baltimore-woman-sentenced-over-five-years-federal-prison-bank-fraud-and-narcotics|archive-date=June 13, 2017}}</ref>
+Rosenstein secured several convictions against prison guards in Baltimore for conspiring with the [[Black Guerrilla Family]].<ref name=NYT22may17 /> He indicted [[Baltimore Police Department|Baltimore police officers]] Wayne Jenkins, Momodu Gondo, Evodio Hendrix, Daniel Hersl, Jemell Rayam, Marcus Taylor, and Maurice Ward for racketeering.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.fox10tv.com/story/34642939/7-baltimore-officers-accused-of-abusing-power-robbing-citizens|title=7 Baltimore officers accused of abusing power, robbing citizens|first=Spencer|last=Ernst|url-status=live| website= fox10tv.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170729011916/http://www.fox10tv.com/story/34642939/7-baltimore-officers-accused-of-abusing-power-robbing-citizens|archive-date=July 29, 2017}}</ref> Rosenstein, with the aid of the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms]] and the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]], secured convictions in large scale narcotics cases in the District of Maryland, including the arrest and conviction of Terrell Plummer,<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.atf.gov/news/pr/seven-baltimore-men-indicted-federal-drug-conspiracy-related-2014-murder-mckenzie-elliott|title=Seven Baltimore Men Indicted in Federal Drug Conspiracy Related to 2014 Murder of McKenzie Elliott | publisher= Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives|website= atf.gov| url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514044416/https://www.atf.gov/news/pr/seven-baltimore-men-indicted-federal-drug-conspiracy-related-2014-murder-mckenzie-elliott|archive-date=May 14, 2017}}</ref> Richard Christopher Byrd,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-md/pr/richard-byrd-pleads-guilty-leading-major-baltimore-drug-distribution-organization |title= Richard 'Rob' Byrd Pleads Guilty to Leading Major Baltimore Drug Distribution Organization|website= justice.gov|date=November 2, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170729012542/https://www.justice.gov/usao-md/pr/richard-byrd-pleads-guilty-leading-major-baltimore-drug-distribution-organization|archive-date=July 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= http://articles.herald-mail.com/2006-11-07/news/25068008_1_marijuana-indictment-drug-trafficking-charges|title=Feds indict 11 on drug trafficking charges|url-status=dead | website= herald-mail.com| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170519022052/http://articles.herald-mail.com/2006-11-07/news/25068008_1_marijuana-indictment-drug-trafficking-charges|archive-date=May 19, 2017}}</ref> and Yasmine Geen Young.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.justice.gov/usao-md/pr/baltimore-woman-sentenced-over-five-years-federal-prison-bank-fraud-and-narcotics |title=Baltimore Woman Sentenced to Over Five Years in Federal Prison for Bank Fraud and Narcotics Conspiracy |website= justice.gov |date=April 25, 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170613052810/https://www.justice.gov/usao-md/pr/baltimore-woman-sentenced-over-five-years-federal-prison-bank-fraud-and-narcotics|archive-date=June 13, 2017}}</ref>
 The [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] appointed Rosenstein to serve on the Advisory Committee of U.S. Attorneys, which evaluates and recommends policies for the Department of Justice. He was vice-chair of the Violent and Organized Crime Subcommittee and a member of the Subcommittees on White Collar Crime, Sentencing Issues and Cyber/Intellectual Property Crime. He also served on the Attorney General's Anti-Gang Coordination Committee.
@@ Line 85: / Line 89: @@
 On May 8, 2017, President Trump directed Sessions and Rosenstein to make a case against FBI Director [[James Comey]] in writing. The next day, Rosenstein handed a memo to Sessions providing the basis for Sessions's recommendation to President Trump that Comey be [[James Comey#Dismissal|dismissed]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39866767|work=BBC News |title=Rod Rosenstein's letter recommending Comey is fired |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510022336/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39866767|archive-date=May 10, 2017 |access-date=May 9, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/09/us/politics/comey-fbi-memo-rod-rosenstein.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|title=Deputy Attorney General's Memo Spells Out Case Against Comey|first=Charlie |last=Savage|quote=When President Trump fired James B. Comey as F.B.I. director on Tuesday, the White House made public a memorandum from Rod J. Rosenstein, the deputy attorney general, recommending the dismissal.|date=May 9, 2017|access-date=May 18, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518101124/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/09/us/politics/comey-fbi-memo-rod-rosenstein.html|archive-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref> In his memo Rosenstein asserted that the FBI must have "a Director who understands the gravity of the mistakes and pledges never to repeat them". He ends with an argument against keeping Comey as FBI director, on the grounds that he was given an opportunity to "admit his errors" but that there is no hope that he will "implement the necessary corrective actions."<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39866767 Rod Rosenstein's letter recommending Comey be fired] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510022336/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39866767|date=May 10, 2017}}, bbc.com, May 10, 2017.</ref>
-Some critics argued that Rosenstein, in enabling the dismissal of Comey amid an investigation into [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Russian election interference]], damaged his own reputation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/10/opinion/rod-rosenstein-comey-firing.html|title=Rod Rosenstein Fails His Ethics Test |first=David|last=Leonhardt|date=May 10, 2017|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=May 18, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518071734/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/10/opinion/rod-rosenstein-comey-firing.html |archive-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-mcmanus-comey-rosenstein-fbi-trump-20170510-story.html|title=All eyes in Washington are on Rod Rosenstein. Does he have what it takes to investigate Trump?|newspaper=LA Times|access-date=May 11, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511004859/http://www.latimes.com/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-mcmanus-comey-rosenstein-fbi-trump-20170510-story.html|archive-date=May 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lichtblau|first=Eric |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/10/politics/rod-rosenstein-unlikely-hatchet-man|title=Rod Rosenstein: Trump's unlikely hatchet man |publisher=Cnn.com|date=September 1, 2015|access-date=May 11, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516071827/http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/10/politics/rod-rosenstein-unlikely-hatchet-man/ |archive-date=May 16, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/05/10/rosenstein-prosecutors-prosecutor-center-comey-firestorm/101525482|title=Rod Rosenstein: Veteran prosecutor in firestorm over firing of FBI's Comey |publisher=Usatoday.com|access-date=May 11, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603002949/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/05/10/rosenstein-prosecutors-prosecutor-center-comey-firestorm/101525482|archive-date=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lawfareblog.com/et-tu-rod-why-deputy-attorney-general-must-resign|title=Et Tu Rod? Why The Deputy Attorney General Must Resign|date=May 12, 2017 |access-date=May 17, 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518085110/https://lawfareblog.com/et-tu-rod-why-deputy-attorney-general-must-resign|archive-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref>
+Some critics argued that Rosenstein, in enabling the dismissal of Comey amid an investigation into [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Russian election interference]], damaged his own reputation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/10/opinion/rod-rosenstein-comey-firing.html|title=Rod Rosenstein Fails His Ethics Test |first=David|last=Leonhardt|date=May 10, 2017|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=May 18, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518071734/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/10/opinion/rod-rosenstein-comey-firing.html |archive-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-mcmanus-comey-rosenstein-fbi-trump-20170510-story.html|title=All eyes in Washington are on Rod Rosenstein. Does he have what it takes to investigate Trump?|newspaper=LA Times|access-date=May 11, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511004859/http://www.latimes.com/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-mcmanus-comey-rosenstein-fbi-trump-20170510-story.html|archive-date=May 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lichtblau|first=Eric |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/10/politics/rod-rosenstein-unlikely-hatchet-man|title=Rod Rosenstein: Trump's unlikely hatchet man |publisher=Cnn.com|date=September 1, 2015|access-date=May 11, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516071827/http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/10/politics/rod-rosenstein-unlikely-hatchet-man/ |archive-date=May 16, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/05/10/rosenstein-prosecutors-prosecutor-center-comey-firestorm/101525482|title=Rod Rosenstein: Veteran prosecutor in firestorm over firing of FBI's Comey |publisher=Usatoday.com|access-date=May 11, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603002949/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/05/10/rosenstein-prosecutors-prosecutor-center-comey-firestorm/101525482|archive-date=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/et-tu-rod-why-deputy-attorney-general-must-resign|title=Et Tu Rod? Why The Deputy Attorney General Must Resign|date=May 12, 2017 |access-date=May 17, 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903164004/https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/et-tu-rod-why-deputy-attorney-general-must-resign|archive-date=September 3, 2023}}</ref>
 After administration officials cited Rosenstein's memo as the main reason for Comey's dismissal, an anonymous source in the White House said that Rosenstein threatened to resign.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-trumps-anger-and-impatience-prompted-him-to-fire-the-fbi-director/2017/05/10/d9642334-359c-11e7-b373-418f6849a004_story.html|title=Inside Trump's anger and impatience — and his sudden decision to fire Comey|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=May 11, 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511004734/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-trumps-anger-and-impatience-prompted-him-to-fire-the-fbi-director/2017/05/10/d9642334-359c-11e7-b373-418f6849a004_story.html|archive-date=May 11, 2017}}</ref> Rosenstein denied the claim and said he was "not quitting," when asked directly by a reporter from [[Sinclair Broadcast Group]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/11/politics/rod-rosenstein-meeting-senate-intelligence-committee/index.html|title=Deputy AG Rosenstein says he's 'not quitting'|first1=Laura|last1=Jarrett|first2=Tom|last2=LoBianco|first3=Jeremy|last3=Herb|website=CNN|date=May 11, 2017 |access-date=May 18, 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517204659/http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/11/politics/rod-rosenstein-meeting-senate-intelligence-committee/index.html|archive-date=May 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/11/deputy-ag-rosenstein-reportedly-threatened-to-quit-over-depiction-of-his-role-in-comey-dismissal.html|title=Deputy AG Rosenstein denies he threatened to quit over Comey dismissal|last=Wang|first=Christine|date=May 11, 2017|website=CNBC|access-date=May 18, 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518233353/http://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/11/deputy-ag-rosenstein-reportedly-threatened-to-quit-over-depiction-of-his-role-in-comey-dismissal.html|archive-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref>
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 ===Michael Cohen investigation===
-In April 2018, Rosenstein reportedly personally approved the FBI raid on President Trump's attorney, [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]], in which the FBI seized emails, tax documents, and records, some of them related to Cohen's payment to adult-film star [[Stormy Daniels]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/382467-rosenstein-personally-signed-off-on-fbi-decision-to-raid-trump-lawyer|title=Rosenstein signed off on FBI raid of Trump lawyer: report|last=Savransky|first=Rebecca|date=April 10, 2018|work=TheHill|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/10/us/politics/trump-russia-mueller-rosenstein.html|title=Rod Rosenstein Personally Approved F.B.I. Raid on Trump Lawyer, Officials Say|last1=Shear|first1=Michael D.|date=April 10, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 10, 2018|last2=Apuzzo|first2=Matt|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|last3=Goldman|first3=Adam}}</ref> After interim [[U.S. Attorney]] [[Geoffrey Berman]] had recused himself, the search was executed by others in the office of the [[U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York]] and approved by a federal judge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-attorney-trump-appointee-recused-michael-cohen-investigation/story?id=54365546|title=US attorney recused from Michael Cohen investigation|date=April 10, 2018|website=ABC News|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref>
+In April 2018, Rosenstein reportedly personally approved the FBI raid on President Trump's attorney, [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]], in which the FBI seized emails, tax documents, and records, some of them related to Cohen's payment to adult-film star [[Stormy Daniels]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/382467-rosenstein-personally-signed-off-on-fbi-decision-to-raid-trump-lawyer/|title=Rosenstein signed off on FBI raid of Trump lawyer: report|last=Savransky|first=Rebecca|date=April 10, 2018|work=TheHill|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/10/us/politics/trump-russia-mueller-rosenstein.html|title=Rod Rosenstein Personally Approved F.B.I. Raid on Trump Lawyer, Officials Say|last1=Shear|first1=Michael D.|date=April 10, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 10, 2018|last2=Apuzzo|first2=Matt|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|last3=Goldman|first3=Adam}}</ref> After interim [[U.S. Attorney]] [[Geoffrey Berman]] had recused himself, the search was executed by others in the office of the [[U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York]] and approved by a federal judge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-attorney-trump-appointee-recused-michael-cohen-investigation/story?id=54365546|title=US attorney recused from Michael Cohen investigation|date=April 10, 2018|website=ABC News|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref>
 ===Impeachment articles===
@@ Line 105: / Line 109: @@
 ===Alleged 25th Amendment discussions===
-On September 21, 2018, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that Rosenstein suggested, in the spring of 2017 shortly after the dismissal of Comey, that he could secretly tape conversations between himself and Trump. He also allegedly suggested invoking the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|25th amendment]] to attempt to remove Trump from office.<ref>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Carrie|publisher=NPR|title=Rosenstein Denies That He Discussed Recording Trump, Invoking 25th Amendment|date=September 21, 2018|access-date=September 24, 2018|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/21/650545077/rosenstein-denies-that-he-discussed-recording-trump-invoking-25th-amendment}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Singman|first=Brooke|publisher=Fox News|title=Rosenstein reportedly discussed wearing 'wire,' invoking 25th Amendment against Trump|date=September 21, 2018|access-date=September 24, 2018|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/09/21/rosenstein-reportedly-discussed-wearing-wire-invoking-25th-amendment-against-trump.html}}</ref> Rosenstein strongly denied it, and other reporting suggested he had been sarcastic in his reference to taping Trump.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/21/650545077/rosenstein-denies-that-he-discussed-recording-trump-invoking-25th-amendment|title=Rosenstein Denies That He Discussed Recording Trump, Invoking 25th Amendment|date=September 21, 2018|work=NPR|access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/rosenstein-joked-about-secretly-recording-trump-say-sources-n911981|title=Rosenstein joked about secretly recording Trump, Justice Department officials say|date=September 21, 2018|work=NBC News|access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref> The report gave rise to rumors that he would be fired.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/9/24/17157194/rosenstein-trump-mueller-fired-resigned-doj-fbi|title=Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein's future in question|last=Ward|first=Alex|date=September 24, 2018|work=Vox|access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref>
+On September 21, 2018, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that Rosenstein suggested, in the spring of 2017 shortly after the dismissal of Comey, that he could secretly tape conversations between himself and Trump. He also allegedly suggested invoking the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|25th amendment]] to attempt to remove Trump from office.<ref>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Carrie|publisher=NPR|title=Rosenstein Denies That He Discussed Recording Trump, Invoking 25th Amendment|date=September 21, 2018|access-date=September 24, 2018|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/21/650545077/rosenstein-denies-that-he-discussed-recording-trump-invoking-25th-amendment}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Singman|first=Brooke|publisher=Fox News|title=Rosenstein reportedly discussed wearing 'wire,' invoking 25th Amendment against Trump|date=September 21, 2018|access-date=September 24, 2018|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/rosenstein-reportedly-discussed-wearing-wire-invoking-25th-amendment-against-trump}}</ref> Rosenstein strongly denied it, and other reporting suggested he had been sarcastic in his reference to taping Trump.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/21/650545077/rosenstein-denies-that-he-discussed-recording-trump-invoking-25th-amendment|title=Rosenstein Denies That He Discussed Recording Trump, Invoking 25th Amendment|date=September 21, 2018|work=NPR|access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/rosenstein-joked-about-secretly-recording-trump-say-sources-n911981|title=Rosenstein joked about secretly recording Trump, Justice Department officials say|date=September 21, 2018|work=NBC News|access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref> The report gave rise to rumors that he would be fired.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/9/24/17157194/rosenstein-trump-mueller-fired-resigned-doj-fbi|title=Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein's future in question|last=Ward|first=Alex|date=September 24, 2018|work=Vox|access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref>
 Former FBI deputy director [[Andrew McCabe]] stated in a February 2019 ''[[60 Minutes]]'' interview that during the days after Comey was fired, "the highest levels of American law enforcement were trying to figure out what to do with the president," including the possibility of invoking the 25th Amendment to have Trump removed from office. Rosenstein again denied such discussions occurred.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/14/us/politics/mccabe-trump.html|title=McCabe Says Justice Officials Discussed Recruiting Cabinet Members to Push Trump Out of Office|first1=Adam|last1=Goldman|first2=Matthew|last2=Haag|newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 14, 2019}}</ref>
-Rosenstein went to the White House on September 24, where he met with Chief of Staff John Kelly; according to some reports, he offered his resignation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.axios.com/rod-rosenstein-resign-justice-department-trump-cf761f4c-fca3-4794-92d4-a56c9e32ff43.html|title=Rod Rosenstein offered to resign|last=Swan|first=Jonathan|date=September 24, 2018|work=Axios|access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gurman|first=Sadie|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|title=Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein Expects to Be Fired, Clouding Mueller Investigation|date=September 24, 2018|access-date=September 24, 2018|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/deputy-attorey-general-rod-rosenstein-expects-to-be-fired-monday-1537801806}}</ref> Following the meeting, the White House issued a statement that Rosenstein retained his position as deputy attorney general and would meet with Trump on September 27.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/24/651093301/rosenstein-expecting-to-be-fired-heads-to-white-house-for-meeting-on-tense-morni|title=Rosenstein Still Deputy Attorney General, For Now|date=September 24, 2018|work=NPR|access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref> Due to the ongoing [[Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination|hearings of Brett Kavanaugh]], Rosenstein instead met with Trump on October 8.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fabian|first1=Jordan|title=Trump has 'good talk' with Rosenstein|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/410437-trump-has-good-talk-with-rosenstein|access-date=October 9, 2018|newspaper=The Hill|date=October 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Jackson|first1=David|first2=Kevin|last2=Johnson|first3=Bart|last3=Jansen|title=Donald Trump delays meeting with Rod Rosenstein until next week|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/09/27/donald-trump-delays-meeting-rosenstein/1433168002/|access-date=September 29, 2018|newspaper=USA Today|date=September 27, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Tucker|first1=Eric|first2=Jack|last2=Date|title=President Trump and Rod Rosenstein Agree to Postpone Meeting Due to Kavanaugh Hearing|url=http://time.com/5408691/white-house-trump-rosenstein-meeting-postponed/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928042951/http://time.com/5408691/white-house-trump-rosenstein-meeting-postponed/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 28, 2018|access-date=September 29, 2018|magazine=Time|date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> Further, Rosenstein agreed to meet with House Republicans within the next two weeks.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bruggeman|first1=Lucien|title=Rosenstein agrees to meet with House Republicans next week|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/rosenstein-agrees-meet-house-republicans-week/story?id=58161223|access-date=September 29, 2018|publisher=ABC News|date=September 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Singman|first1=Brooke|title=House GOP, Deputy AG Rosenstein agree to meet to discuss 'wire' report|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/09/28/house-gop-deputy-ag-rosenstein-agree-to-meet-to-discuss-wire-report.html|access-date=September 29, 2018|publisher=Fox News|date=September 28, 2018}}</ref>
+Rosenstein went to the White House on September 24, where he met with Chief of Staff John Kelly; according to some reports, he offered his resignation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.axios.com/rod-rosenstein-resign-justice-department-trump-cf761f4c-fca3-4794-92d4-a56c9e32ff43.html|title=Rod Rosenstein offered to resign|last=Swan|first=Jonathan|date=September 24, 2018|work=Axios|access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gurman|first=Sadie|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|title=Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein Expects to Be Fired, Clouding Mueller Investigation|date=September 24, 2018|access-date=September 24, 2018|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/deputy-attorey-general-rod-rosenstein-expects-to-be-fired-monday-1537801806}}</ref> Following the meeting, the White House issued a statement that Rosenstein retained his position as deputy attorney general and would meet with Trump on September 27.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/24/651093301/rosenstein-expecting-to-be-fired-heads-to-white-house-for-meeting-on-tense-morni|title=Rosenstein Still Deputy Attorney General, For Now|date=September 24, 2018|work=NPR|access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref> Due to the ongoing [[Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination|hearings of Brett Kavanaugh]], Rosenstein instead met with Trump on October 8.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fabian|first1=Jordan|title=Trump has 'good talk' with Rosenstein|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/410437-trump-has-good-talk-with-rosenstein/|access-date=October 9, 2018|newspaper=The Hill|date=October 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Jackson|first1=David|first2=Kevin|last2=Johnson|first3=Bart|last3=Jansen|title=Donald Trump delays meeting with Rod Rosenstein until next week|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/09/27/donald-trump-delays-meeting-rosenstein/1433168002/|access-date=September 29, 2018|newspaper=USA Today|date=September 27, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Tucker|first1=Eric|first2=Jack|last2=Date|title=President Trump and Rod Rosenstein Agree to Postpone Meeting Due to Kavanaugh Hearing|url=http://time.com/5408691/white-house-trump-rosenstein-meeting-postponed/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928042951/http://time.com/5408691/white-house-trump-rosenstein-meeting-postponed/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 28, 2018|access-date=September 29, 2018|magazine=Time|date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> Further, Rosenstein agreed to meet with House Republicans within the next two weeks.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bruggeman|first1=Lucien|title=Rosenstein agrees to meet with House Republicans next week|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/rosenstein-agrees-meet-house-republicans-week/story?id=58161223|access-date=September 29, 2018|publisher=ABC News|date=September 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Singman|first1=Brooke|title=House GOP, Deputy AG Rosenstein agree to meet to discuss 'wire' report|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/house-gop-deputy-ag-rosenstein-agree-to-meet-to-discuss-wire-report|access-date=September 29, 2018|publisher=Fox News|date=September 28, 2018}}</ref>
 ===Transfer of Mueller oversight and issuance of report===
@@ Line 133: / Line 137: @@
 ==Personal life==
-Rosenstein is married to Lisa Barsoomian, an [[Armenian American]] lawyer who worked for the [[National Institutes of Health]] until 2011. They have two daughters.<ref name="10things">{{cite magazine|last1=Clarke|first1=Sara|title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Rod Rosenstein|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-03-08/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-rod-rosenstein|access-date=April 25, 2017|magazine=U.S. News & World Report|date=March 8, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426072541/https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-03-08/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-rod-rosenstein|archive-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>Ruben Castaneda. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/profile-of-rod-rosenstein-us-attorney-for-maryland/2011/09/29/gIQAfOTWYL_story.html Profile of Rod Rosenstein] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303202238/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/profile-of-rod-rosenstein-us-attorney-for-maryland/2011/09/29/gIQAfOTWYL_story.html|date=March 3, 2017}}, ''[[Washington Post]]'', October 9, 2011.</ref> As a government attorney, Barsoomian represented the United States in various matters, including [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]] (FOIA) cases, and the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]]'s "Carnivore" surveillance system, which monitors and captures e-mail.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/05/lisa-barsoomian-rod-rosenstein-wife-spouse/|title=Lisa Barsoomian, Rod Rosenstein's Wife: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|last=McBride|first=Jessica|date=May 2, 2018|work=[[Heavy.com]]|access-date=July 26, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=119597&page=1|title=FBI Given Deadline on 'Carnivore' Issues|last=Asseo|first=Laurie|date=January 7, 2006|website=[[ABC News]]|language=en|access-date=July 26, 2018}}</ref> Rosenstein resides in [[Bethesda, Maryland]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Rod Rosenstein: 5 things to know about the man who helped get Comey fired | publisher= Jewish Telegraphic Agency |url=https://www.jta.org/2017/05/10/news-opinion/united-states/rod-rosenstein-5-things-to-know-about-the-man-who-helped-get-comey-fired|access-date=August 20, 2018|website= jta.org|date=May 10, 2017 }}</ref>
+Rosenstein is married to Lisa Barsoomian, an [[Armenian American]] lawyer who worked for the [[National Institutes of Health]] until 2011. They have two daughters.<ref name="10things">{{cite magazine|last1=Clarke|first1=Sara|title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Rod Rosenstein|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-03-08/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-rod-rosenstein|access-date=April 25, 2017|magazine=U.S. News & World Report|date=March 8, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426072541/https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-03-08/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-rod-rosenstein|archive-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>Ruben Castaneda. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/profile-of-rod-rosenstein-us-attorney-for-maryland/2011/09/29/gIQAfOTWYL_story.html Profile of Rod Rosenstein] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303202238/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/profile-of-rod-rosenstein-us-attorney-for-maryland/2011/09/29/gIQAfOTWYL_story.html|date=March 3, 2017}}, ''[[Washington Post]]'', October 9, 2011.</ref> As a government attorney, Barsoomian represented the United States in various matters, including [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]] (FOIA) cases, and the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]]'s "Carnivore" surveillance system, which monitors and captures e-mail.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/05/lisa-barsoomian-rod-rosenstein-wife-spouse/|title=Lisa Barsoomian, Rod Rosenstein's Wife: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|last=McBride|first=Jessica|date=May 2, 2018|work=[[Heavy.com]]|access-date=July 26, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=119597&page=1|title=FBI Given Deadline on 'Carnivore' Issues|last=Asseo|first=Laurie|date=January 7, 2006|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|language=en|access-date=July 26, 2018}}</ref> Rosenstein resides in [[Bethesda, Maryland]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Rod Rosenstein: 5 things to know about the man who helped get Comey fired | publisher= Jewish Telegraphic Agency |url=https://www.jta.org/2017/05/10/news-opinion/united-states/rod-rosenstein-5-things-to-know-about-the-man-who-helped-get-comey-fired|access-date=August 20, 2018|website= jta.org|date=May 10, 2017 }}</ref>
 Rosenstein is a registered [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]].<ref name="ncna730126">{{cite web|url= https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna730126|title=Who is Rod Rosenstein? He's the man who swung the ax on James Comey|website=[[NBC News]] |date=May 10, 2017 |access-date=August 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.npr.org/2018/02/01/582513447/deputy-ag-rod-rosenstein-under-pressure-as-republicans-prepare-to-release-memo|title=Deputy AG Rod Rosenstein Under Pressure As Republicans Prepare To Release Memo|website=NPR.org |access-date=August 20, 2018}}</ref>
@@ Line 168: / Line 172: @@
 {{s-ttl|title=[[United States Deputy Attorney General]]|years=2017–2019}}
 {{s-aft|after=[[Ed O'Callaghan]]<br>{{small|Acting}}}}
+|-
+{{s-bef|before=[[Jeff Sessions]]}}
+{{s-ttl|title=[[United States Attorney General]]<br>{{small|Acting}}|years=2018}}
+{{s-aft|after=[[Matthew Whitaker]]<br>{{small|Acting}}}}
 {{s-end}}
@@ Line 178: / Line 186: @@
 [[Category:George W. Bush administration personnel]]
 [[Category:Harvard Law School alumni]]
-[[Category:Jewish American attorneys]]
+[[Category:American lawyers]]
 [[Category:Lawyers from Philadelphia]]
 [[Category:Living people]]
@@ Line 186: / Line 194: @@
 [[Category:United States Attorneys for the District of Maryland]]
 [[Category:United States Department of Justice lawyers]]
-[[Category:United States Deputy Attorneys General]]
+[[Category:United States deputy attorneys general]]
-[[Category:Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni]]
+[[Category:Wharton School alumni]]
 [[Category:People associated with Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections]]

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