Fatima al-Suqutriyya: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Alarichall (talk | contribs) Submitting (AFCH 0.9.1) |
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (Whoop whoop pull up - 21746 |
||
| (35 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Yemeni writer and poet}} |
|||
{{AFC submission||ns=118|u=Alarichall|ts=20201024174325}} <!-- Do not remove this line! --> |
|||
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} |
|||
'''Fāṭima bint Aḥmad Muḥammad al-Jahḍamī''' ({{ |
'''Fāṭima bint Aḥmad Muḥammad al-Jahḍamī''' ({{langx|ar|فاطمة بنت أحمد محمد الجهضمي}}), known as '''Fāṭima al-Suqutriyya''' ({{langx|ar|فاطمة السقطرية}}, Fatima the Socotran) and nicknamed '''al-Zahra''' on the model of the Prophet's daughter [[Fāṭima]], for whom ''al-Zahra'' ('the shining one') was a popular epithet,<ref>{{Cite web|last=جمعان الزهراني|first=قينان|date=11 June 2012|title=اطمة الجهضمية تستنجد إمام عمان بقصيدة|url=https://magazine.islamtoday.net/art.aspx?ID=552|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813213415/https://magazine.islamtoday.net/art.aspx?ID=552|archive-date=13 August 2016|website=الإسلام اليوم}}</ref> was a Yemeni writer and poet who lived on the island of [[Socotra]] in the third century [[Anno Hegirae|AH]] (816–913 CE).{{efn|The principal scholarly accounts of al-Suqutriyya are found in [[Nur al-Din al-Salimi|Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd Allāh bin Ḥumayd wal-Sālimī]], ''[https://archive.org/details/tohfata3yansao/tasao1 Tuḥfat al-Aʿyān bi-sīrat ahl ʿUmān]'', 2 vols (Cairo: Matba‘at al-sufliyya, 1347/1928), p. 112 and Sālim ibn Ḥumūd, ''[https://archive.org/details/Omaan_20161228 ʿUmān ʿabr al-tārīkh]'' (Muscat, 1982), II, 191, cited by Isam Ali Ahmad al-Rawas, '[http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1497 Early Islamic Oman (ca - 622/280-893): A Political History]' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Durham, 1990), p. 273. See also R. B. Serjeant, 'The Coastal Population of Socotra', in ''Socotra: Island of Tranquility'', ed. by Brian Doe (London: IMMEL Publishing, 1992), pp. 133–80 (pp. 136-40) (repr. in R. B. Serjeant, ''Society and Trade in South Arabia'' (Aldershot: Variorum, 1996), ch XVII) and J. C. Wilkinson, ''The Imamate Tradition of Oman'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), pp. 332, 344.}} She is thought to be the first known Socotran poet.<ref name=":3">Serge D. Elie, '[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240532551_Soqotra_South_Arabia%27s_Strategic_Gateway_and_Symbolic_Playground Soqotra: South Arabia’s Strategic Gateway and Symbolic Playground]', ''British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies'', 33.2 (November 2006), 131-60, {{doi|10.1080/13530190600953278}} (p. 158 n. 105).</ref> |
||
== Biography == |
== Biography == |
||
Little is actually known about al-Suqutriyya.<ref name=":3" /> She is thought to have been born on the island of Socotra, during the third century AH.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date= |
Little is actually known about al-Suqutriyya.<ref name=":3" /> She is thought to have been born on the island of Socotra, during the third century AH.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=27 April 2014|title=الجمهورية نت - علم وقصيدة السقطرية - فاطمة بنت أحمد محمد الجهضمي|url=http://www.algomhoriah.net/newsweekprint.php?sid=44828|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427205229/http://www.algomhoriah.net/newsweekprint.php?sid=44828|archive-date=27 April 2014}}</ref> She was a poet and was related to Sultan al-Qāsim bin Muḥammad al-Jahḍamī, the ruler of the Yemeni island of Socotra.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=4 March 2016|title=السقطرية|url=http://www.al-aalam.com/al-aalam/personinfo.asp?pid=17018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093105/http://www.al-aalam.com/al-aalam/personinfo.asp?pid=17018|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref> He was killed by Ethiopians who attacked the island.<ref name=":0" /> Al-Suqutriyya reputedly wrote a [[qasida]] to Imam [[Al-Salt bin Malik|al-Ṣalt ibn Mа̄lik]], who had assumed the [[imamate of Oman]] in 273 AH / 886 CE, requesting help from him.<ref name=":0" /> The poem was sent by sea and found by a fisherman who passed it on to the imam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=فاطمة الزهراء السقطرية من اعز نساء العرب (قصيدة رهيبة جدا) من فارس حمدان|url=https://vb.shbab7.com/t69300|access-date=23 October 2020|website=vb.shbab7.com|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026065020/https://vb.shbab7.com/t69300|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Imam sent a fleet of one hundred boats to Socotra, defeating the Ethiopian force on Socotra.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=سقطرى المحتلة وبطولة العمانيين لتحريرها|date=17 July 2014|url=https://www.atheer.om/archives/6739/%d8%b3%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a/|access-date=23 October 2020|language=ar}}</ref> |
||
Al-Suqutriyya died some time after the year 273 AH / 886 CE.<ref name=":2" /> |
Al-Suqutriyya died some time after the year 273 AH / 886 CE.<ref name=":2" /> |
||
==Work== |
==Work== |
||
Al-Suqutriyya is known for the long poem attributed to her, addressed to al-Ṣalt ibn Mа̄lik. |
Al-Suqutriyya is known for the long poem attributed to her, addressed to al-Ṣalt ibn Mа̄lik. The opening of the poem runs |
||
{{Verse translation|{{lang|ar| |
{{Verse translation|{{Noitalics|{{lang|ar| |
||
قل للإمام الذي ترجى فضائلُـــه * ابن الكرام وابن السَّادة النجــــبِ |
قل للإمام الذي ترجى فضائلُـــه * ابن الكرام وابن السَّادة النجــــبِ |
||
وابن الجحاجحة الشمِّ الذين هــمُ * كانوا سناها وكانوا سادة العـــربِ |
وابن الجحاجحة الشمِّ الذين هــمُ * كانوا سناها وكانوا سادة العـــربِ |
||
أمست (سقطرى) من الإسلام مقفــرةً * بعد الشرائع والفرقان والكتـبِ |
أمست (سقطرى) من الإسلام مقفــرةً * بعد الشرائع والفرقان والكتـبِ |
||
واستبدلت بالهدى كفرًا ومعصيتاً * وبالأذان نواقيسًا من الخشـبِ}}|Tell the imam whose virtues are to be hoped for, the son of the noble and distinguished [[Sayyids]] |
واستبدلت بالهدى كفرًا ومعصيتاً * وبالأذان نواقيسًا من الخشـبِ}}}}|Tell the imam whose virtues are to be hoped for, the son of the noble and distinguished [[Sayyids]], |
||
The son of the gentlemen who were its light and the best of the Arabs: |
|||
Socotra has become empty of Islam after [it was full of] Islamic law, the Qur'an, and the books [of faith]. |
|||
The Christians have committed an outrage against your governor, have taken women captive, and have continued to plunder. |
|||
It has replaced the right guidance with disbelief and sin, and the call to prayer with wooden bells.<ref>Isam Ali Ahmad al-Rawas, '[http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1497 Early Islamic Oman (ca - 622/280-893): A Political History]' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Durham, 1990), p. 273.</ref>}} |
|||
Oh for men! Help every Muslim woman, even if you creep along on your chins and knees.}} |
|||
== Reception == |
== Reception == |
||
Al-Suqutriyya is considered a lost voice in Omani literature, whose work was re-discovered in the twentieth century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=محمد بن سليمان الحضرمي |
Al-Suqutriyya is considered a lost voice in Omani literature, whose work was re-discovered in the twentieth century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=محمد بن سليمان الحضرمي|title=المشرب العذب.. قراءات في الشعر العماني|year=2020|publisher=Alaan Publishing Co.|isbn=9789996933677|pages=82–3}}</ref> In the assessment of Serge D. Elie, her poem |
||
<blockquote>seems to be the first act of writing—or more aptly, discursive insurrection—attributed to a Soqotran, and as such it is the source of pride among Soqotrans. However, as this poem became part of popular ‘historiology’—that peculiar combination of orality and literacy, resulting into a synthesis of fact and fiction—the incident was believed to have taken place during the time of the Portuguese, and through a process of osmosis (as literacy remains a problem) has permeated the culture and shaped collective memory.<ref name=":3" /></blockquote> |
|||
Al-Suqutriyya's story and her poetry featured in an episode of "History and Heritage (Omani Personalities Immortalized by History)" presented by Dr. Hamid Al-Nawfali for Al-Ru'ya TV.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=FictionX|title=البوابة الإعلامية -وزارة الإعلام - سلطنة عمان -أحمد بن ماجد والزهراء السقطرية في برنامج|url=https://omaninfo.om/topics/96/show/171410|access-date=21 October 2020|website=البوابة الإعلامية -وزارة الإعلام - سلطنة عمان|language=ar}}</ref> This programme became controversial when it was aired in Socotra, because it claimed that Al-Suqutriyya was from Oman.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=اخبار محلية : تلفزيون عمان يثير موجة استياء في سقطرى|url=http://sahafahnet.net/show772584.html|access-date=21 October 2020|website=sahafahnet.net|language=ar}}</ref> A resident of the island, Abdul Karim Qabalan, called on the television company to apologise.<ref name=":1" /> In 2016, the novelist Munir Talal published a retelling of the poem.<ref>{{Cite web|title=الزهراء السقطرية / إصدار جديد للكاتب اليمني/منير طلال - الرباط بريس|url=http://www.aribatpress.com/2016/10/blog-post.html|access-date=21 October 2020|website=www.aribatpress.com}}</ref> |
|||
==Notes== |
|||
{{notelist}} |
|||
== References == |
== References == |
||
| Line 28: | Line 34: | ||
== External links == |
== External links == |
||
* Of Oman's Poets: Al-Zahra Al-Soqatriya - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfDjFxmFeV8 Fatima bint Hamad bin Khalfan Al-Jahhamiya] by Dr. Muhammad Al-Harthi |
* Of Oman's Poets: Al-Zahra Al-Soqatriya - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfDjFxmFeV8 Fatima bint Hamad bin Khalfan Al-Jahhamiya] by Dr. Muhammad Al-Harthi |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fatima al-Suqutriyya}} |
|||
[[Category:Medieval women poets]] |
|||
[[Category:Arabic-language women poets]] |
|||
[[Category:Arabic-language poets]] |
|||
[[Category:9th-century deaths]] |
|||
[[Category:9th-century women writers]] |
|||
[[Category:9th-century Arabic-language poets]] |
|||
[[Category:Socotra]] |
|||
[[Category:9th-century Arab people]] |
|||
[[Category:Arab women]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 19:59, 14 November 2024
Fāṭima bint Aḥmad Muḥammad al-Jahḍamī (Arabic: فاطمة بنت أحمد محمد الجهضمي), known as Fāṭima al-Suqutriyya (Arabic: فاطمة السقطرية, Fatima the Socotran) and nicknamed al-Zahra on the model of the Prophet's daughter Fāṭima, for whom al-Zahra ('the shining one') was a popular epithet,[1] was a Yemeni writer and poet who lived on the island of Socotra in the third century AH (816–913 CE).[a] She is thought to be the first known Socotran poet.[2]
Biography
[edit]Little is actually known about al-Suqutriyya.[2] She is thought to have been born on the island of Socotra, during the third century AH.[3] She was a poet and was related to Sultan al-Qāsim bin Muḥammad al-Jahḍamī, the ruler of the Yemeni island of Socotra.[4] He was killed by Ethiopians who attacked the island.[4] Al-Suqutriyya reputedly wrote a qasida to Imam al-Ṣalt ibn Mа̄lik, who had assumed the imamate of Oman in 273 AH / 886 CE, requesting help from him.[4] The poem was sent by sea and found by a fisherman who passed it on to the imam.[5] The Imam sent a fleet of one hundred boats to Socotra, defeating the Ethiopian force on Socotra.[4][6]
Al-Suqutriyya died some time after the year 273 AH / 886 CE.[3]
Work
[edit]Al-Suqutriyya is known for the long poem attributed to her, addressed to al-Ṣalt ibn Mа̄lik. The opening of the poem runs
قل للإمام الذي ترجى فضائلُـــه * ابن الكرام وابن السَّادة النجــــبِ |
Tell the imam whose virtues are to be hoped for, the son of the noble and distinguished Sayyids, |
Reception
[edit]Al-Suqutriyya is considered a lost voice in Omani literature, whose work was re-discovered in the twentieth century.[8] In the assessment of Serge D. Elie, her poem
seems to be the first act of writing—or more aptly, discursive insurrection—attributed to a Soqotran, and as such it is the source of pride among Soqotrans. However, as this poem became part of popular ‘historiology’—that peculiar combination of orality and literacy, resulting into a synthesis of fact and fiction—the incident was believed to have taken place during the time of the Portuguese, and through a process of osmosis (as literacy remains a problem) has permeated the culture and shaped collective memory.[2]
Al-Suqutriyya's story and her poetry featured in an episode of "History and Heritage (Omani Personalities Immortalized by History)" presented by Dr. Hamid Al-Nawfali for Al-Ru'ya TV.[9] This programme became controversial when it was aired in Socotra, because it claimed that Al-Suqutriyya was from Oman.[10] A resident of the island, Abdul Karim Qabalan, called on the television company to apologise.[10] In 2016, the novelist Munir Talal published a retelling of the poem.[11]
Notes
[edit]- ^ The principal scholarly accounts of al-Suqutriyya are found in Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd Allāh bin Ḥumayd wal-Sālimī, Tuḥfat al-Aʿyān bi-sīrat ahl ʿUmān, 2 vols (Cairo: Matba‘at al-sufliyya, 1347/1928), p. 112 and Sālim ibn Ḥumūd, ʿUmān ʿabr al-tārīkh (Muscat, 1982), II, 191, cited by Isam Ali Ahmad al-Rawas, 'Early Islamic Oman (ca - 622/280-893): A Political History' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Durham, 1990), p. 273. See also R. B. Serjeant, 'The Coastal Population of Socotra', in Socotra: Island of Tranquility, ed. by Brian Doe (London: IMMEL Publishing, 1992), pp. 133–80 (pp. 136-40) (repr. in R. B. Serjeant, Society and Trade in South Arabia (Aldershot: Variorum, 1996), ch XVII) and J. C. Wilkinson, The Imamate Tradition of Oman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), pp. 332, 344.
References
[edit]- ^ جمعان الزهراني, قينان (11 June 2012). "اطمة الجهضمية تستنجد إمام عمان بقصيدة". الإسلام اليوم. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016.
- ^ a b c Serge D. Elie, 'Soqotra: South Arabia’s Strategic Gateway and Symbolic Playground', British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 33.2 (November 2006), 131-60, doi:10.1080/13530190600953278 (p. 158 n. 105).
- ^ a b "الجمهورية نت - علم وقصيدة السقطرية - فاطمة بنت أحمد محمد الجهضمي". 27 April 2014. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
- ^ a b c d "السقطرية". 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
- ^ "فاطمة الزهراء السقطرية من اعز نساء العرب (قصيدة رهيبة جدا) من فارس حمدان". vb.shbab7.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
- ^ "سقطرى المحتلة وبطولة العمانيين لتحريرها" (in Arabic). 17 July 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
- ^ Isam Ali Ahmad al-Rawas, 'Early Islamic Oman (ca - 622/280-893): A Political History' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Durham, 1990), p. 273.
- ^ محمد بن سليمان الحضرمي (2020). المشرب العذب.. قراءات في الشعر العماني. Alaan Publishing Co. pp. 82–3. ISBN 9789996933677.
- ^ Team, FictionX. "البوابة الإعلامية -وزارة الإعلام - سلطنة عمان -أحمد بن ماجد والزهراء السقطرية في برنامج". البوابة الإعلامية -وزارة الإعلام - سلطنة عمان (in Arabic). Retrieved 21 October 2020.
- ^ a b "اخبار محلية : تلفزيون عمان يثير موجة استياء في سقطرى". sahafahnet.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 21 October 2020.
- ^ "الزهراء السقطرية / إصدار جديد للكاتب اليمني/منير طلال - الرباط بريس". www.aribatpress.com. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
External links
[edit]- Of Oman's Poets: Al-Zahra Al-Soqatriya - Fatima bint Hamad bin Khalfan Al-Jahhamiya by Dr. Muhammad Al-Harthi