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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
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'''[[Bellary]]''' ({{lang-kn|ಬಳ್ಳಾರಿ}} pronounced {{IPA-te|ˈbəɭɭaːri||Bellary.ogg}}) is a historic city in [[Bellary District]] in [[Karnataka]] state, [[India]].
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
⚫
'''[[Ballari]]''' pronounced ({{IPA-te|ˈbəɭɭaːri|}}) is a historic city in [[Bellary district]] in [[Karnataka]] state, [[India]].


==Historical names of the Bellary area==
==Historical names of the Ballari area==


*Kuntala Desha
*Kuntala Desha
:Bellary was once part of an area also known as ''Kuntala Desha (ಕುಂತಲ ದೇಶ)''<ref name="sloth_bear_foundation">{{cite web
:Ballari was once part of an area also known as ''Kuntala Desha (ಕುಂತಲ ದೇಶ)''<ref name="sloth_bear_foundation">{{cite web
| title = Sloth Bear Foundation
| title = Sloth Bear Foundation
| url = http://www.slothbearfoundation.org/bellary.html
| url = http://www.slothbearfoundation.org/bellary.html
⚫
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081011231334/http://www.slothbearfoundation.org/bellary.html
⚫
| accessdate = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| archive-date = 11 October 2008
| url-status = dead
⚫
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = Legends behind the Indian states
| title = Legends behind the Indian states
| url = http://www.indianmirror.com/history/hist6.html
| url = http://www.indianmirror.com/history/hist6.html
| accessdate = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Vol VI – Inscriptions of Kulottunga-Chola I
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Vol VI – Inscriptions of Kulottunga-Chola I
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_1/vijayanagara.html | accessdate = 10 October 2007 }}</ref> or ''Kuntala Vishaya (ಕುಂತಲ ವಿಷಯ)'' (Vishaya – a territorial division or district of a kingdom). Many inscriptions refer to the [[Western Chalukya]]s as rulers of ''Kuntala'' or ''Kondala''.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_1/vijayanagara.html | access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref> or ''Kuntala Vishaya (ಕುಂತಲ ವಿಷಯ)'' ([[Vishaya]] – a territorial division or district of a kingdom). Many inscriptions refer to the [[Western Chalukya]]s as rulers of ''Kuntala'' or ''Kondala''.<ref>{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Addenda, II-Inscriptions at Vijyanagara
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Addenda, II-Inscriptions at Vijyanagara
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_3/no_66_to_68_kulottunga_chola_i.html
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_3/no_66_to_68_kulottunga_chola_i.html
| accessdate = 10 October 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Tanjavur Brihadhiswara Temple Inscriptions
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Tanjavur Brihadhiswara Temple Inscriptions
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/tanjavur_temple/no.57_58_outside_east_enclosure.html
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/tanjavur_temple/no.57_58_outside_east_enclosure.html
| accessdate = 10 October 2007 }}</ref>
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref>


[[Image:Western Chalukya Monuments.svg|thumb|right|200px|Core area of [[Western Chalukya]] monuments, roughly corresponding to ''Sindavadi-1000 (ಸಿಂದವಾಡಿ-1000)'']]
[[File:Western Chalukya Monuments.svg|thumb|right|200px|Core area of [[Western Chalukya]] monuments, roughly corresponding to ''Sindavadi-1000 (ಸಿಂದವಾಡಿ-1000)'']]
*Sindavadi
*Sindavadi
:An inscription during the [[Gangas]] of [[Talakadu]] speaks of a certain ''Sindha Vishaya (ಸಿಂಧ ವಿಷಯ)'', which consists parts or whole of today's Bellary, [[Haveri]], [[Gadag]], [[Dharwad|Dharawada]], [[Koppala]] and [[Bagalakote]] districts.<ref name="sloth_bear_foundation"/> Many inscriptions by [[Seuna|Yadavas]]<ref name="south_inscriptions_yadava">{{cite web
:An inscription during the [[Gangas]] of [[Talakadu]] speaks of a certain ''Sindha Vishaya (ಸಿಂಧ ವಿಷಯ)'', which consists parts or whole of today's Ballari, [[Haveri]], [[Gadag]], [[Dharwad|Dharawada]], [[Koppala]] and [[Bagalakote]] districts.<ref name="sloth_bear_foundation"/> Many inscriptions by [[Seuna|Yadavas]]<ref name="south_inscriptions_yadava">{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions in Kannada, Vol IX – Part – I, Yadavas
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions in Kannada, Vol IX – Part – I, Yadavas
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/yadavas.html
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/yadavas.html
| accessdate = 10 October 2007 }}</ref> and Kalyani Chalukyas<ref name="south_inscriptions_kalyani_chalukya">{{cite web
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref> and Kalyani Chalukyas<ref name="south_inscriptions_kalyani_chalukya">{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions, Vol IX – Part – I, Chalukyas of Kalyani
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions, Vol IX – Part – I, Chalukyas of Kalyani
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/chalukyas_of_kalyani_105.html
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/chalukyas_of_kalyani_105.html
| accessdate = 16 December 2007 }}</ref> refer to this areas as ''Sindavadi (ಸಿಂದವಾಡಿ)'' or ''Sindavadi-nadu (ಸಿಂದವಾಡಿ-ನಾಡು)'' (''Sindavadi-1000'').
| access-date = 16 December 2007 }}</ref> refer to this areas as ''Sindavadi (ಸಿಂದವಾಡಿ)'' or ''Sindavadi-nadu (ಸಿಂದವಾಡಿ-ನಾಡು)'' (''Sindavadi-1000'').


*Nolambavadi
*Nolambavadi
: During the rule of Western Chalukyas, the area around Bellary was part of ''Nolambavadi (ನೊಳಂಬವಾಡಿ)'' (referred to as ''Nolambavadi-32000''), which included parts of the present [[Shimoga|Shivamogga]], [[Chitradurga]], [[Davanagere]], Bellary and [[Anantapur district|Anantapuram]] Districts.<ref name="south_inscriptions_geo_div">{{cite web
: During the rule of Western Chalukyas, the area around Bellary was part of ''Nolambavadi (ನೊಳಂಬವಾಡಿ)'' (referred to as ''Nolambavadi-32000''), which included parts of the present [[Shimoga|Shivamogga]], [[Chitradurga]], [[Davanagere]], Ballari and [[Anantapur district|Anantapuram]] Districts.<ref name="south_inscriptions_geo_div">{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Vol III, Bombay Karnataka Inscriptions, Geographical Divisions
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Vol III, Bombay Karnataka Inscriptions, Geographical Divisions
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_18/geographical_divisions.html
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_18/geographical_divisions.html
| accessdate = 10 October 2007 }}</ref> Further, some inscriptions mention that ''Nolambavadi-nadu (ನೊಳಂಬವಾಡಿ-ನಾಡು)'' was a part of ''Kuntala desha''<ref name="south_inscriptions_yadava"/>
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref> Further, some inscriptions mention that ''Nolambavadi-nadu (ನೊಳಂಬವಾಡಿ-ನಾಡು)'' was a part of ''Kuntala desha''<ref name="south_inscriptions_yadava"/>


==Timeline==
==Timeline==
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|year=2008
|year=2008
| location = Delhi
| location = Delhi
| isbn = 9788131711200
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&printsec=frontcover
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC
}}</ref><ref>
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite book
{{cite book
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| publisher = Human Relations Area Files, inc
| publisher = Human Relations Area Files, inc
|year=2008
|year=2008
| isbn = 9780306462627
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=C-TQpUtI-dgC&printsec=frontcover
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=C-TQpUtI-dgC
}}</ref><ref>
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite book
{{cite book
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|year=1963
|year=1963
| location = London
| location = London
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YSM9AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YSM9AAAAIAAJ
}}</ref><ref name="dh_neolithic">{{cite web
}}</ref><ref name="dh_neolithic">{{cite web
| title = Early village unearthed
| title = Early village unearthed
| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/28818/early-village-unearthed.html
| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/28818/early-village-unearthed.html
| accessdate = 22 July 2010 }}</ref>
| access-date = 22 July 2010 }}</ref>
: Numerous [[neolithic]] [[archeological]] sites have been discovered around Bellary, some of the closest to the city being the [[Neolithic ashmounds (India)|ash mounds]] at [[Kupgal petroglyphs|Sanganakallu, Budhihal, Kudithini, Tekkalakote, Hiregudda and Kupgal]] in Bellary District, [[Maski]] in [[Raichur district]] and Palvoy & Velpumudugu in [[Anantapur district|Ananthapuram district]]. These ash mounds were formed by the accumulation and burning of [[cow dung|dung]] in rituals performed by Neolithic [[pastoral]]ists.
: Numerous [[neolithic]] [[archeological]] sites have been discovered around Bellary, some of the closest to the city being the [[Neolithic ashmounds (India)|ash mounds]] at [[Kupgal petroglyphs|Sanganakallu, Budhihal, Kudithini, Tekkalakote, Hiregudda and Kupgal]] in Bellary District, [[Maski]] in [[Raichur district]] and Palvoy & Velpumudugu in [[Anantapur district|Ananthapuram district]]. These ash mounds were formed by the accumulation and burning of [[cow dung|dung]] in rituals performed by Neolithic [[pastoral]]ists.
:The Sanganakallu settlement, spread over an area of {{convert|1000|acre|km2}}, is one of the largest neolithic complexes known around Bellary. Some of the neolithic artefacts found here have been :
:The Sanganakallu settlement, spread over an area of {{convert|1000|acre|km2}}, is one of the largest neolithic complexes known around Bellary. Some of the neolithic artefacts found here have been :
Line 71: Line 78:
:* Shallow concave surfaces on boulders where grain was processed
:* Shallow concave surfaces on boulders where grain was processed
:* [[Dolerite]] [[Dike (geology)|dyke]]s [[Quarry|quarried]] to manufacture stone tools on an industrical scale.
:* [[Dolerite]] [[Dike (geology)|dyke]]s [[Quarry|quarried]] to manufacture stone tools on an industrical scale.
* '''Ancient History'''
:Some of the events in the [[Ramayana]] are related to this historical place. It is said that [[Rama]] while searching for [[Sita]] met [[Sugriva]] and [[Hanuman]] at a place near [[Hampi]], the celebrated capital of the [[Vijayanagara empire]].<ref name="bellary_district_profile">{{cite web
⚫
|title = Bellary District – A Profile
⚫
|url = http://www.kar.nic.in/bellary/profile.htm
|accessdate =
|deadurl = yes
⚫
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090503190141/http://www.kar.nic.in/bellary/profile.htm
⚫
|archivedate = 2009-05-03
|df =
⚫
}}</ref>
* '''300 BCE – 1336 AD'''
* '''300 BCE – 1336 AD'''
:Bellary was ruled in succession by the [[Maurya]]s, [[Satavahana]]s, the [[Pallava]]s, the [[Kadamba Dynasty|Kadamba]]s, the [[Chalukya|Badami Chalukya]]s, the [[Rashtrakuta]]s, the [[Western Chalukyas|Kalyani Chalukya]]s, the [[Kalachuris of Kalyani|Southern Kalachurya]]s, the [[Seuna|Sevuna Yadava]]s, and the [[Hoysala]]s.
:Bellary was ruled in succession by the [[Maurya]]s, [[Satavahana]]s, the [[Pallava]]s, the [[Kadamba Dynasty|Kadamba]]s, the [[Chalukya|Badami Chalukya]]s, the [[Rashtrakuta]]s, the [[Western Chalukyas|Kalyani Chalukya]]s, the [[Kalachuris of Kalyani|Southern Kalachurya]]s, the [[Seuna|Sevuna Yadava]]s, and the [[Hoysala]]s.
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* '''9th century AD''' and '''1000–1250 AD'''
* '''9th century AD''' and '''1000–1250 AD'''
:A branch of the [[Pallava]] family called the ''[[Nolamba]]-Pallavas'' ruled Nolambavadi-32000.<ref name="south_inscriptions_yadava">{{cite web
:A branch of the [[Pallava]] family called the ''[[Nolamba]]-Pallavas'' ruled Nolambavadi-32000.<ref>{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions in Kannada, Vol IX – Part – I, [[Nolamba]] Pallavas
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions in Kannada, Vol IX – Part – I, Nolamba Pallavas
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/nolamba_pallavas.html
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/nolamba_pallavas.html
| accessdate = 16 December 2007 }}</ref> Later in the 11th century AD, they ruled parts of Nolambavadi under Western Chalukyas and Hoysalas.<ref name="south_inscriptions_kalyani_chalukya"/><ref>{{cite web
| access-date = 16 December 2007 }}</ref> Later in the 11th century AD, they ruled parts of Nolambavadi under Western Chalukyas and Hoysalas.<ref name="south_inscriptions_kalyani_chalukya"/><ref>{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Pallava Inscriptions
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Pallava Inscriptions
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_12/introduction.html
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_12/introduction.html
| accessdate = 10 October 2007 }}</ref>
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref>


* '''1100–1188 AD'''
* '''1100–1188 AD'''
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| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions, Vol IX – Part – I, Chalukyas of Kalyani
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions, Vol IX – Part – I, Chalukyas of Kalyani
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/chalukyas_of_kalyani_181.html
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/chalukyas_of_kalyani_181.html
| accessdate = 10 October 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Vol III, Bombay Karnataka Inscriptions, Feudatory Dynasties
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Vol III, Bombay Karnataka Inscriptions, Feudatory Dynasties
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_18/the_pandya_chiefs.html
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_18/the_pandya_chiefs.html
| accessdate = 10 October 2007 }}</ref>
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref>
* '''1336–1565 AD'''
* '''1336–1565 AD'''
:After the Sevuna Yadavas and the Hoysalas (and the [[Kakatiya]]s of [[Warangal]] & the [[Pandya]]s of [[Madurai]]) were defeated by the [[Delhi Sultanate|Islamic sultanate]]s from [[Delhi]] under [[Allauddin Khilji]], [[Malik Kafur]] and [[Muhammad bin Tughlaq]], the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] arose under [[Harihara I]] and [[Bukka I]]. The Bellary area was dominated by the Vijayanagara rulers until 1565 AD.<ref group="map">{{cite web
:After the Sevuna Yadavas and the Hoysalas (and the [[Kakatiya]]s of [[Warangal]] & the [[Pandya]]s of [[Madurai]]) were defeated by the [[Delhi Sultanate|Islamic sultanate]]s from [[Delhi]] under [[Allauddin Khilji]], [[Malik Kafur]] and [[Muhammad bin Tughlaq]], the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] arose under [[Harihara I]] and [[Bukka I]]. The Bellary area was dominated by the Vijayanagara rulers until 1565 AD.<ref group="map">{{cite web
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| year = 1907
| year = 1907
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/joppenset/joppen1525max.jpg
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/joppenset/joppen1525max.jpg
| accessdate = 20 November 2007 }}</ref>
| access-date = 20 November 2007 }}</ref>
:Bellary itself was ruled by the family of Hande Hanumappa [[Nayak (title)|Nayaka]], a [[Palayagara]] (ಪಾಳೆಯಗಾರ – vassal) of the Vijayanagara rulers.
:Bellary itself was ruled by the family of Hande Hanumappa [[Nayak (title)|Nayaka]], a [[Palayagara]] (ಪಾಳೆಯಗಾರ – vassal) of the Vijayanagara rulers.


* '''1565 AD'''
* '''1565 AD'''
:The dominance of the Vijayanagara empire ended with the [[Battle of Talikota|Battle of Talikote]], where they were defeated by a conglomerate of [[Deccan sultanates]]. After the fall of Vijayanagara, the Hande Nayakas of Bellary were subsidiary to the [[Adilshahi]] [[Sultanate]] of [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]].<ref group="map">{{cite web
:The dominance of the Vijayanagara empire ended with the [[Battle of Talikota]], where they were defeated by a conglomerate of [[Deccan sultanates]]. After the fall of Vijayanagara, the Hande Nayakas of Bellary were subsidiary to the [[Adilshahi]] [[Sultanate]] of [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]].<ref group="map">{{cite web
| title = Historical Atlas of India: India Map in 1605
| title = Historical Atlas of India: India Map in 1605
| last = Joppen
| last = Joppen
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| year = 1907
| year = 1907
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/joppenset/joppen1605max.jpg
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/joppenset/joppen1605max.jpg
| accessdate = 20 November 2007 }}</ref>
| access-date = 20 November 2007 }}</ref>


* '''1678 AD'''
* '''1678 AD'''
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| year = 1907
| year = 1907
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/joppenset/joppenmarathasmax.jpg
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/joppenset/joppenmarathasmax.jpg
| accessdate = 20 November 2007 }}</ref> The story goes that as Shivaji was passing that way some of his foragers had been killed by the garrison, prompting him to occupy Bellary; but he restored it again to the Hande Nayakas at once on condition that tribute should be paid to him.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer">
| access-date = 20 November 2007 }}</ref> The story goes that as Shivaji was passing that way some of his foragers had been killed by the garrison, prompting him to occupy Bellary; but he restored it again to the Hande Nayakas at once on condition that tribute should be paid to him.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer">
{{cite book
{{cite book
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| title =The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 7
| title =The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 7
| publisher = Clarendon Press
| publisher = Clarendon Press
⚫
| year = 1908
|date=1908-1931 [vol. 1, 1909]
| location = Oxford
| location = Oxford
| pages =158–176
| page = 175
| url = http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/toc.html?volume=7
| url = https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/toc.html?volume=7
| doi =
}}
⚫
| id = }}
</ref>
</ref>


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| year = 1907
| year = 1907
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/joppenset/joppenmysoremax.jpg
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/joppenset/joppenmysoremax.jpg
| accessdate = 20 November 2007 }}</ref>).
| access-date = 20 November 2007 }}</ref>).


* '''1724 AD'''
* '''1724 AD'''
:[[Qamar ad-Din Chin Qilij Khan Asif Jah I|Asif Jah I]], who was the [[Subedar]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Malwa]], defeated and killed the Delhi sponsored [[Mobariz Khan]], the Subedar of the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], at the battle fought at [[Shakar Kheda]] in the district of [[Berar Subah|Berar]].
:[[Qamar ad-Din Chin Qilij Khan Asaf Jah I|Asaf Jah I]], who was the [[Subedar]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Malwa]], defeated and killed the Delhi sponsored [[Mobariz Khan]], the Subedar of the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], at the battle fought at [[Shakar Kheda]] in the district of [[Berar Subah|Berar]].
:Soon after, Asif Jah I assumed independence from Mughal control to establish [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]] as a separate state, beginning the [[Asaf Jahi]] dynasty. Asif Jah I assumed the title ''[[Nizam|Nizam-ul-mulk]]'', and Bellary was included in the Nizam's Dominion.<ref name="hyd_on_the_net_nizams">{{cite web
:Soon after, [[Asaf Jah I]] assumed independence from Mughal control to establish [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]] as a separate state, beginning the [[Asaf Jahi]] dynasty. Asif Jah I assumed the title ''[[Nizam|Nizam-ul-mulk]]'', and Bellary was included in the Nizam's Dominion.<ref name="hyd_on_the_net_nizams">{{cite web
| title = Hyderabad on the Net: The Nizams
| title = Hyderabad on the Net: The Nizams
| url = http://www.hyderabad.co.uk/nizam.htm
| url = http://www.hyderabad.co.uk/nizam.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120204205748/http://www.hyderabad.co.uk/nizam.htm
⚫
| accessdate = }}</ref><ref name="sheperd-map-1760" group="map">{{cite web
| archive-date = 4 February 2012
| url-status = dead
⚫
}}</ref><ref name="sheperd-map-1760" group="map">{{cite web
| title = India Map, In the time of Clive, 1760, from The Public Schools Historical Atlas
| title = India Map, In the time of Clive, 1760, from The Public Schools Historical Atlas
| last = Colbeck
| last = Colbeck
Line 173: Line 169:
|year=1905
|year=1905
| url = http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~poyntz/India/images/india1760_1905.jpg
| url = http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~poyntz/India/images/india1760_1905.jpg
| accessdate = 15 June 2007 }}</ref>
| access-date = 15 June 2007 }}</ref>


* '''1761 AD'''
* '''1761 AD'''
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| title = Historical Sketches of the South of India in an Attempt to Trace the History of Mysoor
| title = Historical Sketches of the South of India in an Attempt to Trace the History of Mysoor
| publisher = Mysore: Government Branch Press
| publisher = Mysore: Government Branch Press
|origyear=1810|year=1930
|orig-year=1810|year=1930
| id = }}
}}
</ref><ref group="map">{{cite web
</ref><ref group="map">{{cite web
| title = India Map 1700–1792, from The Historical Atlas R.
| title = India Map 1700–1792, from The Historical Atlas R.
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|year=1923
|year=1923
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/colonial/shepherd1700s/india1700smax.jpg
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/colonial/shepherd1700s/india1700smax.jpg
| accessdate = 15 June 2007 }}</ref>
| access-date = 15 June 2007 }}</ref>
* '''1792 AD'''
* '''1792 AD'''
:At the partition of [[Tipu Sultan]]'s territory by the British after the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]], the district was given to the then Nizam [[Ali Khan Asaf Jah II|Asif Jah II]].<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>
:At the partition of [[Tipu Sultan]]'s territory by the British after the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]], the district was given to the then Nizam [[Ali Khan Asaf Jah II|Asaf Jah II]].<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>


* '''1800 AD'''
* '''1800 AD'''
:After the defeat and death of Tipu Sultan in the [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]] at [[Battle of Seringapatam|Srirangapattanam (Seringapatam)]], the Mysore territories were further divided up between the [[Wodeyar]]s, Asif Jah II and the British.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>
:After the defeat and death of Tipu Sultan in the [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]] at [[Battle of Seringapatam|Srirangapattanam (Seringapatam)]], the Mysore territories were further divided up between the [[Wodeyar]]s, [[Asaf Jah II]] and the British.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>
:In 1796 AD, Asaf Jah II, harassed by the Marathas and Tipu Sultan, had opted to get British military protection under [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Lord Wellesley's]] doctrine of [[Subsidiary alliance|Subsidiary Alliance]]. As part of this agreement, Asif Jah II ceded a large portion of the acquired territory including Bellary, to the British, to be added to the [[Madras Presidency]] as 'Bellary District'. This area was also known as the [[Ceded Districts]],<ref group="map">{{cite web
:In 1796 AD, Asaf Jah II, harassed by the Marathas and Tipu Sultan, had opted to get British military protection under [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Lord Wellesley's]] doctrine of [[Subsidiary alliance|Subsidiary Alliance]]. As part of this agreement, Asif Jah II ceded a large portion of the acquired territory including Bellary, to the British, with the consent of the Hande Nayakas to be added to the [[Madras Presidency]] as 'Bellary District'. This area was also known as the [[Ceded Districts]],<ref group="map">{{cite web
| title = Historical Atlas of India: India Map in 1805
| title = Historical Atlas of India: India Map in 1805
| last = Joppen
| last = Joppen
Line 207: Line 203:
| year = 1907
| year = 1907
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/colonial/joppenearly1800s/joppen1805max.jpg
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/colonial/joppenearly1800s/joppen1805max.jpg
| accessdate = 20 November 2007 }}</ref> a term still used for the areas, and was considerably larger than the present [[Bellary district|district]], including the present districts of [[Cuddapah District|Kadapa (Cuddapah)]], [[Anantapur district|Anantapuram]] and much of [[Kurnool district|Karnoolu (Kurnool)]].<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>
| access-date = 20 November 2007 }}</ref> a term still used for the areas, and was considerably larger than the present [[Bellary district|district]], including the present districts of [[Cuddapah District|Kadapa (Cuddapah)]], [[Anantapur district|Anantapuram]] and much of [[Kurnool district|Karnoolu (Kurnool)]].<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>


* '''1800–1807 AD'''
* '''1800–1807 AD'''
:All through these political changes since Vijayanagar times, the Hande Nayakas were the de facto rulers of Bellary – while their masters constantly changed, locally their powers were absolute. All this changed with the arrival of [[Major]] [[Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet|Thomas Munro]], the first collector of the Ceded Districts (1800–1807), who [[Polygar War|disposed of]] the eighty palayagars ([[Polygars]]) of the districts either with pensions or assimilation of their estates and established the ''[[Ryotwari]]'' system – land revenue collected directly from the tiller of the soil.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>
:All through these political changes since Vijayanagar times, the Hande Nayakas were the de facto rulers of Bellary – while their masters constantly changed, locally their powers were absolute. All this changed with the arrival of [[Major (rank)|Major]] [[Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet|Thomas Munro]], the first collector of the Ceded Districts (1800–1807), who [[Polygar War|disposed of]] the eighty palayagars ([[Polygars]]) of the districts either with pensions or assimilation of their estates and established the ''[[Ryotwari]]'' system – land revenue collected directly from the tiller of the soil.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>


*'''1808 AD'''
*'''1808 AD'''
Line 219: Line 215:
| publisher = Richardson Brothers
| publisher = Richardson Brothers
| location = 23, Cornhill, London
| location = 23, Cornhill, London
|year=1854
| year=1854
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JLEvA9Jkh1wC&pg=PA60&dq=bellary&as_brr=1
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JLEvA9Jkh1wC&dq=bellary&pg=PA60
| id =
| access-date = 2007-06-14
| accessdate = 2007-06-14
| page =60}}
| page =60}}
</ref>
</ref>
Line 233: Line 228:


* '''1882 AD'''
* '''1882 AD'''
:Seven of the southern talukas were was carved out to form Anantapuram district, further reducing the size of Bellary District.
:Seven of the southern talukas were carved out to form Anantapuram district, further reducing the size of Bellary District.
:The Maratha [[princely state]] of [[Sandur, India|Sandur]] was surrounded by Bellary district.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/><ref group="map">{{cite web
:The Maratha [[princely state]] of [[Sandur, India|Sandur]] was surrounded by Bellary district.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/><ref group="map">{{cite web
| title = India Map 1893
| title = India Map 1893
Line 239: Line 234:
| year =1893
| year =1893
| url = http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~poyntz/India/images/Madras&Mysore1.JPG
| url = http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~poyntz/India/images/Madras&Mysore1.JPG
| accessdate = 2007-06-15}}</ref><ref group="map">{{cite web
| access-date = 2007-06-15}}</ref><ref group="map">{{cite web
| last = Bartholomew
| last = Bartholomew
| first = J G
| first = J G
| title = Map: Madras (Southern section) with Mysore, Coorg, and Travancore
| title = Map: Madras (Southern section) with Mysore, Coorg, and Travancore
| publisher = Clarendon Press
| publisher = Clarendon Press
|date=1907-1909 [vol. 18, 1909]
| date = 1908
| location = Oxford
| location = Oxford
| pages = 250
| pages = 250
| url = http://dsal.uchicago.edu/maps/gazetteer/images/gazetteer_V18_pg250.jpg
| url = https://dsal.uchicago.edu/maps/gazetteer/images/gazetteer_V18_pg250.jpg
| accessdate = 15 June 2007 }}</ref>
| access-date = 15 June 2007 }}</ref>


* '''1894 AD'''
* '''1894 AD'''
Line 259: Line 254:
: The industries in the town included a small distillery and two steam cotton-presses. The steam cotton-spinning mill established in 1894 had 17,800 spindles, and employed 520 hands.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>
: The industries in the town included a small distillery and two steam cotton-presses. The steam cotton-spinning mill established in 1894 had 17,800 spindles, and employed 520 hands.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>


* '''1 October 1953 AD'''<ref name="bellary_district_profile"/>[[Image:India Administrative Divisions 1951.svg|thumb|right|200px|A 1951 map showing Bellary district in [[Madras State]]]]
* '''1 October 1953 AD'''<ref name="bellary_district_profile">{{cite web
⚫
|title = Bellary District – A Profile
⚫
|url = http://www.kar.nic.in/bellary/profile.htm
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090503190141/http://www.kar.nic.in/bellary/profile.htm
⚫
|archive-date = 2009-05-03
}}</ref>[[File:India Administrative Divisions 1951.svg|thumb|right|200px|A 1951 map showing Bellary district in [[Madras State]]]]


:Bellary district of [[Madras State]] was divided on linguistic basis.
:Bellary district of [[Madras State]] was divided on linguistic basis.
:Areas with significant [[Kannada language|Kannada]] speaking populations ([[Harapanahalli]], [[Hoovina Hadagalli|Hadagali]], [[Kudligi]], [[Hosapete]], [[Sanduru]] and [[Siruguppa]]) were transferred to [[Mysore state]], which would later become [[Karnataka]] state.
:Areas with significant [[Kannada language|Kannada]] speaking populations ([[Harapanahalli]], [[Hoovina Hadagalli|Hadagali]], [[Kudligi]], [[Hosapete]], [[Sanduru]] and [[Siruguppa]]) were transferred to [[Mysore state]], which would later become [[Karnataka]] state.
:Areas of the district with significant [[Telugu Language|Telugu]] speaking populations ([[Yemmiganur]]u, [[Adoni|Aadavaani]], [[Alur, Kurnool|Aaluru]], [[Rayadurg|Raayadurgam]], [[D.Hirehal|D.Hirehaalu]], [[Kanekal]]lu, [[Bommanahal|Bommanahaalu]], [[Gummagatta]]) were merged into Anantapuram and Karnulu districts in what would later become [[Andhra Pradesh]] state.
:Areas of the district with significant [[Telugu Language|Telugu]] speaking populations ([[Yemmiganur]]u, [[Adoni|Aadavaani]], [[Alur, Kurnool|Aaluru]], [[Rayadurg|Raayadurgam]], [[D.Hirehal|D.Hirehaalu]], [[Kanekal]]lu, [[Bommanahal|Bommanahaalu]], [[Gummagatta]]) were merged into Anantapuram and Karnulu districts in what would later become [[Andhra Pradesh]] state.
:Bellary city was the one and only city with both Kannada and Telugu speaking population in large numbers, was included into Mysore state after a protracted debate and controversy.<ref>{{cite news|title=When the borders were redrawn |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=2003-09-26 |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep26/spt1.asp |accessdate=2007-06-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050413162821/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep26/spt1.asp |archivedate=April 13, 2005 }}
:Bellary city had a majority of Telugu speaking population with highest minority of Kannada speakers, But it was included into Mysore state after a protracted debate and controversy.<ref>{{cite news|title=When the borders were redrawn |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=2003-09-26 |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep26/spt1.asp |access-date=2007-06-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050413162821/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep26/spt1.asp |archive-date=13 April 2005 }}
</ref><ref>{{cite web
</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = History Of Anantapur
| title = History Of Anantapur
| publisher = anantapurinfo.com
| publisher = anantapurinfo.com
| url = http://www.anantapurinfo.com/history.aspx
| url = http://www.anantapurinfo.com/history.aspx
| accessdate = 2 January 2008 }}
| access-date = 2 January 2008
| archive-date = 28 February 2008
</ref>
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080228162114/http://www.anantapurinfo.com/history.aspx
| url-status = dead
⚫
}}</ref>


* '''1997 AD'''
* '''1997 AD'''
Line 278: Line 282:
: Bellary City Municipal Council was upgraded to a City Corporation.<ref>{{cite news
: Bellary City Municipal Council was upgraded to a City Corporation.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Bellary City Municipal Council upgraded to corporation
| title = Bellary City Municipal Council upgraded to corporation
| publisher = Deccan Herald
|date=2004-09-29
|date=2004-09-29
| url =http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/29/stories/2004092904670300.htm
| url =http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/29/stories/2004092904670300.htm
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20041125154346/http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/29/stories/2004092904670300.htm
| accessdate =
| url-status =dead
⚫
| location=Chennai, India}}
| archive-date =2004-11-25
| work = [[The Hindu]]
⚫
| location=Chennai, India}}
</ref>
</ref>
* '''2018 AD'''
:[[Harapanahalli]] [[taluk]] was again transferred back to Bellary District
* '''2021 AD'''
:[[Vijayanagar District]] was separated from Bellary District in 2021 at present [[Bellary District]] consists of only five taluks [[Kampli]], [[Sandur, India|Sandur]], [[Siruguppa]], [[Kurugodu]] and [[Bellary]].
* '''2023 AD'''
:As of September 2023 some of the [[Telugu people|Telugu]] people of Bellary City who are proper residents of the city have raised an issue that Bellary City should be a [[Union Territory]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] should also be the official language and have the equal status with [[Kannada]] in the City of Bellary, because they were verbally discriminated by some of the kannada people with regard to their language stating that their mother tongue is Telugu and it is the official language of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and they should not speak in Telugu in Bellary and speak only in [[Kannada]] or else they should go out of [[Bellary]] to [[Andhra Pradesh]], from the time when Veteran Telugu actor and politician [[N.T. Rama Rao]]'s statue was built at Kamma Bhavan of Bellary and was inaugurated by [[Telugu Desam]] leader [[Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]. But the issue raised by [[Telugus]] have not gained any popularity.


==References==
==References==
Line 293: Line 305:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|History of Bellary}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110315103432/http://www.bellarycity.gov.in/ Official Website of Bellary City Corporation]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110315103432/http://www.bellarycity.gov.in/ Official Website of Bellary City Corporation]


[[Category:Bellary]]
[[Category:Ballari]]
[[Category:History of Karnataka]]
[[Category:History of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Histories of cities in India]]
[[Category:Histories of cities in India]]

Latest revision as of 20:36, 14 November 2024

Ballari pronounced ([ˈbəɭɭaːri]) is a historic city in Bellary district in Karnataka state, India.

Historical names of the Ballari area

[edit]
  • Kuntala Desha
Ballari was once part of an area also known as Kuntala Desha (ಕುಂತಲ ದೇಶ)[1][2][3] or Kuntala Vishaya (ಕುಂತಲ ವಿಷಯ) (Vishaya – a territorial division or district of a kingdom). Many inscriptions refer to the Western Chalukyas as rulers of Kuntala or Kondala.[4][5]
Core area of Western Chalukya monuments, roughly corresponding to Sindavadi-1000 (ಸಿಂದವಾಡಿ-1000)
  • Sindavadi
An inscription during the Gangas of Talakadu speaks of a certain Sindha Vishaya (ಸಿಂಧ ವಿಷಯ), which consists parts or whole of today's Ballari, Haveri, Gadag, Dharawada, Koppala and Bagalakote districts.[1] Many inscriptions by Yadavas[6] and Kalyani Chalukyas[7] refer to this areas as Sindavadi (ಸಿಂದವಾಡಿ) or Sindavadi-nadu (ಸಿಂದವಾಡಿ-ನಾಡು) (Sindavadi-1000).
  • Nolambavadi
During the rule of Western Chalukyas, the area around Bellary was part of Nolambavadi (ನೊಳಂಬವಾಡಿ) (referred to as Nolambavadi-32000), which included parts of the present Shivamogga, Chitradurga, Davanagere, Ballari and Anantapuram Districts.[8] Further, some inscriptions mention that Nolambavadi-nadu (ನೊಳಂಬವಾಡಿ-ನಾಡು) was a part of Kuntala desha[6]

Timeline

[edit]
Numerous neolithic archeological sites have been discovered around Bellary, some of the closest to the city being the ash mounds at Sanganakallu, Budhihal, Kudithini, Tekkalakote, Hiregudda and Kupgal in Bellary District, Maski in Raichur district and Palvoy & Velpumudugu in Ananthapuram district. These ash mounds were formed by the accumulation and burning of dung in rituals performed by Neolithic pastoralists.
The Sanganakallu settlement, spread over an area of 1,000 acres (4.0 km2), is one of the largest neolithic complexes known around Bellary. Some of the neolithic artefacts found here have been :
  • Houses of mud and stone, querns, stone axes, incised and painted pottery.
  • Rock art as evidence of rituals and social ceremonies involving ringing rocks, still preserved in the form of hand-percussion marks.
  • Grinding grooves where stone axes were polished
  • Shallow concave surfaces on boulders where grain was processed
  • Dolerite dykes quarried to manufacture stone tools on an industrical scale.
  • 300 BCE – 1336 AD
Bellary was ruled in succession by the Mauryas, Satavahanas, the Pallavas, the Kadambas, the Badami Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas, the Kalyani Chalukyas, the Southern Kalachuryas, the Sevuna Yadavas, and the Hoysalas.
The Bellary area was also ruled briefly by the Cholas during the wars between Kalyani Chalukyas and the Cholas (often involving Vengi Chalukyas), the region constantly changing hands under turmoil.
A dynasty called Ballariya Naredu ruled Bellary under the Hoysalas.[1]
  • 9th century AD and 1000–1250 AD
A branch of the Pallava family called the Nolamba-Pallavas ruled Nolambavadi-32000.[13] Later in the 11th century AD, they ruled parts of Nolambavadi under Western Chalukyas and Hoysalas.[7][14]
  • 1100–1188 AD
Feudatories of Kalyani Chalukyas, Kalachuryas and Hoysalas, calling themselves Pandyas (Nolambavadi Pandyas), ruled parts of Nolambavadi-32000. They were actively involved in the conflicts amongst their overlords.[15][16]
  • 1336–1565 AD
After the Sevuna Yadavas and the Hoysalas (and the Kakatiyas of Warangal & the Pandyas of Madurai) were defeated by the Islamic sultanates from Delhi under Allauddin Khilji, Malik Kafur and Muhammad bin Tughlaq, the Vijayanagara Empire arose under Harihara I and Bukka I. The Bellary area was dominated by the Vijayanagara rulers until 1565 AD.[map 1]
Bellary itself was ruled by the family of Hande Hanumappa Nayaka, a Palayagara (ಪಾಳೆಯಗಾರ – vassal) of the Vijayanagara rulers.
  • 1565 AD
The dominance of the Vijayanagara empire ended with the Battle of Talikota, where they were defeated by a conglomerate of Deccan sultanates. After the fall of Vijayanagara, the Hande Nayakas of Bellary were subsidiary to the Adilshahi Sultanate of Bijapur.[map 2]
  • 1678 AD
Bellary was subsidiary to the Marathas under Shivaji.[map 3] The story goes that as Shivaji was passing that way some of his foragers had been killed by the garrison, prompting him to occupy Bellary; but he restored it again to the Hande Nayakas at once on condition that tribute should be paid to him.[17]
  • 1685 AD
Bellary fell to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb's campaign in the Deccan [map 4]).
  • 1724 AD
Asaf Jah I, who was the Subedar of Gujarat and Malwa, defeated and killed the Delhi sponsored Mobariz Khan, the Subedar of the Deccan, at the battle fought at Shakar Kheda in the district of Berar.
Soon after, Asaf Jah I assumed independence from Mughal control to establish Hyderabad as a separate state, beginning the Asaf Jahi dynasty. Asif Jah I assumed the title Nizam-ul-mulk, and Bellary was included in the Nizam's Dominion.[18][map 5]
  • 1761 AD
Bellary became tributary to Basalat Jang, the brother of the then Nizam Salabat Jang and the Subedar of Aadavaani (Adoni) and Raichur.[17]
  • 1769 AD
The Hande Nayaka of Bellary refused to pay tribute to Basalat Jang, which prompted him to occupy Bellary. The Nayaka then pleaded for Hyder Ali of Mysuru (Mysore) to rescue Bellary. Hyder Ali forcefully expelled the occupiers, after which the Hande Nayakas were tributary to him.[17][19][map 6]
  • 1792 AD
At the partition of Tipu Sultan's territory by the British after the Third Anglo-Mysore War, the district was given to the then Nizam Asaf Jah II.[17]
  • 1800 AD
After the defeat and death of Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War at Srirangapattanam (Seringapatam), the Mysore territories were further divided up between the Wodeyars, Asaf Jah II and the British.[17]
In 1796 AD, Asaf Jah II, harassed by the Marathas and Tipu Sultan, had opted to get British military protection under Lord Wellesley's doctrine of Subsidiary Alliance. As part of this agreement, Asif Jah II ceded a large portion of the acquired territory including Bellary, to the British, with the consent of the Hande Nayakas to be added to the Madras Presidency as 'Bellary District'. This area was also known as the Ceded Districts,[map 7] a term still used for the areas, and was considerably larger than the present district, including the present districts of Kadapa (Cuddapah), Anantapuram and much of Karnoolu (Kurnool).[17]
  • 1800–1807 AD
All through these political changes since Vijayanagar times, the Hande Nayakas were the de facto rulers of Bellary – while their masters constantly changed, locally their powers were absolute. All this changed with the arrival of Major Thomas Munro, the first collector of the Ceded Districts (1800–1807), who disposed of the eighty palayagars (Polygars) of the districts either with pensions or assimilation of their estates and established the Ryotwari system – land revenue collected directly from the tiller of the soil.[17]
  • 1808 AD
The ceded districts area was split into two districts, Bellary and Kadapa.[17] The Bellary area was still larger than Kadapa and the second largest district in Madras Presidency, measuring 13000 square miles (nearly twice the size of Wales), and a population of 1,250,000 (one and half times that of Wales).[20]
  • 1840 AD
Bellary became the headquarters of the district. The Collector until this year lived in Anantapuram.[17]
  • 1867 AD
The Bellary Municipal Council was created, along with the Adoni Municipal Council.[17] These were the only two municipal townships in the whole of Bellary district for a long time.
  • 1882 AD
Seven of the southern talukas were carved out to form Anantapuram district, further reducing the size of Bellary District.
The Maratha princely state of Sandur was surrounded by Bellary district.[17][map 8][map 9]
  • 1894 AD
A steam cotton-spinning mill was established.[17]
  • 1901 AD
Bellary was the seventh largest town in Madras Presidency, and was one of the chief military stations in Southern India, garrisoned by British and native Indian troops under the British Indian Government. A company of the Southern Mahratta Railway Volunteer Rifles was also stationed in the town.[17]
The town included a civil railway station to the east of the Bellary Fort, the cantonment and its railway station on the west, the Cowl Bazar and the suburbs of 'Bruce-pettah' (currently spelt Brucepet) and 'Mellor-pettah', named after two British officers once stationed in the town.[17]
The town was also headquarters for the Roman Catholic Mission and the London Mission.[17]
The industries in the town included a small distillery and two steam cotton-presses. The steam cotton-spinning mill established in 1894 had 17,800 spindles, and employed 520 hands.[17]
Bellary district of Madras State was divided on linguistic basis.
Areas with significant Kannada speaking populations (Harapanahalli, Hadagali, Kudligi, Hosapete, Sanduru and Siruguppa) were transferred to Mysore state, which would later become Karnataka state.
Areas of the district with significant Telugu speaking populations (Yemmiganuru, Aadavaani, Aaluru, Raayadurgam, D.Hirehaalu, Kanekallu, Bommanahaalu, Gummagatta) were merged into Anantapuram and Karnulu districts in what would later become Andhra Pradesh state.
Bellary city had a majority of Telugu speaking population with highest minority of Kannada speakers, But it was included into Mysore state after a protracted debate and controversy.[22][23]
  • 1997 AD
With the re-organisation of the districts in Karnataka, Harapanahalli taluk was transferred to Davanagere district, reducing the number of talukas in the district to seven.[21]
  • 2004 AD
Bellary City Municipal Council was upgraded to a City Corporation.[24]
  • 2018 AD
Harapanahalli taluk was again transferred back to Bellary District
  • 2021 AD
Vijayanagar District was separated from Bellary District in 2021 at present Bellary District consists of only five taluks Kampli, Sandur, Siruguppa, Kurugodu and Bellary.
  • 2023 AD
As of September 2023 some of the Telugu people of Bellary City who are proper residents of the city have raised an issue that Bellary City should be a Union Territory and Telugu should also be the official language and have the equal status with Kannada in the City of Bellary, because they were verbally discriminated by some of the kannada people with regard to their language stating that their mother tongue is Telugu and it is the official language of Andhra Pradesh and they should not speak in Telugu in Bellary and speak only in Kannada or else they should go out of Bellary to Andhra Pradesh, from the time when Veteran Telugu actor and politician N.T. Rama Rao's statue was built at Kamma Bhavan of Bellary and was inaugurated by Telugu Desam leader Nara Chandrababu Naidu. But the issue raised by Telugus have not gained any popularity.

References

[edit]

Maps

[edit]
  1. ^ Joppen, Charles (1907). "Historical Atlas of India: India Map in 1525". London: Longmans, Green, and Co. Retrieved 20 November 2007.
  2. ^ Joppen, Charles (1907). "Historical Atlas of India: India Map in 1605". London: Longmans, Green, and Co. Retrieved 20 November 2007.
  3. ^ Joppen, Charles (1907). "Historical Atlas of India: India Map – Early Marathas". London: Longmans, Green, and Co. Retrieved 20 November 2007.
  4. ^ Joppen, Charles (1907). "Historical Atlas of India: Dominions of Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar in 1704". London: Longmans, Green, and Co. Retrieved 20 November 2007.
  5. ^ Colbeck, C (1905). "India Map, In the time of Clive, 1760, from The Public Schools Historical Atlas". Longmans, Green, and Co. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
  6. ^ Shepherd, William R (1923). "India Map 1700–1792, from The Historical Atlas R." Longmans, Green, and Co. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
  7. ^ Joppen, Charles (1907). "Historical Atlas of India: India Map in 1805". London: Longmans, Green, and Co. Retrieved 20 November 2007.
  8. ^ "India Map 1893". Longmans, Green, and Co. 1893. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
  9. ^ Bartholomew, J G (1908). "Map: Madras (Southern section) with Mysore, Coorg, and Travancore". Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 250. Retrieved 15 June 2007.

General

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Sloth Bear Foundation". Archived from the original on 11 October 2008.
  2. ^ "Legends behind the Indian states".
  3. ^ "South Indian Inscriptions, Vol VI – Inscriptions of Kulottunga-Chola I". Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  4. ^ "South Indian Inscriptions, Addenda, II-Inscriptions at Vijyanagara". Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  5. ^ "South Indian Inscriptions, Tanjavur Brihadhiswara Temple Inscriptions". Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  6. ^ a b "South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions in Kannada, Vol IX – Part – I, Yadavas". Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  7. ^ a b "South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions, Vol IX – Part – I, Chalukyas of Kalyani". Retrieved 16 December 2007.
  8. ^ "South Indian Inscriptions, Vol III, Bombay Karnataka Inscriptions, Geographical Divisions". Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  9. ^ Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Delhi: Pearson Longman. ISBN 9788131711200.
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