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{{italictitle}}
{{italictitle}}
{{Short description|Officer's rank in the German, Swiss and Austrian armed forces}}
{{distinguish|text=the more senior [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|20px]] German Army/Air Force rank [[Oberstleutnant]] (OF4), equivalent to [[lieutenant colonel]]}}
{{distinguish|text=the more senior Germanic rank [[Oberstleutnant]], equivalent to lieutenant colonel}}
{{refimprove|date=November 2022}}


'''{{lang|de|Oberleutnant}}''' (English: First Lieutenant)<ref name="LS1">{{cite web|access-date=2024-08-24|location=Stuttgart|publisher=Langenscheidt|title=German-English translation for "Oberleutnant"|url=https://en.langenscheidt.com/german-english/oberleutnant}}</ref> is a senior [[lieutenant]] [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] rank in the [[German (language)|German]]-speaking armed forces of [[Germany]] ([[Bundeswehr]]), the [[Austrian Armed Forces]], and the [[Swiss Armed Forces]]. In Austria, ''Oberleutnant'' is also a designation for certain positions in the federal police and prison guards. In the former [[West Germany]], it was also a rank in the Federal Border Guard (''[[Bundesgrenzschutz]]'').
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; float:right; width:250px"
|+
|-----
| bgcolor="#efefef" colspan=2 align="center"|[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|left|30px]] '''Oberleutnant <small> </small>'''
|-----
| align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid gray;font-size:smaller" |
{|align="center"
| [[File:DH221-Oberleutnant.png]]
|
⚫
|}
|-----
| bgcolor="#efefef" | <small>Rank insignia</small> || bgcolor="#dfefff" | [[Rank insignia of the German Bundeswehr#Commissioned officers (CO/ de: Offiziere)|German officer rank]]
|-----
| bgcolor="#efefef" | <small>Introduction</small>|| bgcolor="#dfefff" | 1871
|-----
| bgcolor="#efefef" | <small>Rank group</small>|| bgcolor="#dfefff" | [[Officer (armed forces)|Commissioned officers]]
|-----
| bgcolor="#efefef" | <small>Army / Air Force</small>|| bgcolor="#dfefff" | ''Oberleutnant''
|-----
| bgcolor="#efefef" | <small>Navy</small>|| bgcolor="#dfefff" | [[Oberleutnant zur See]]
|-----
| bgcolor="#efefef" | [[Ranks and insignia of NATO|NATO<br />equivalent]] || bgcolor="#dfefff" | OF-1a
|-----
| bgcolor="#efefef" |<small>Army</small>|| bgcolor="#dfefff" | <small>[[First lieutenant]]</small>
|-----
| bgcolor="#efefef" |<small>Navy</small>|| bgcolor="#dfefff" |<small>*[[Lieutenant (junior grade)]] *[[Sub-Lieutenant]]</small>
|-----
|}


==Occupied Austria==
'''''Oberleutnant''''' (OF-1a) is the highest [[lieutenant]] [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] rank in the armed forces of [[Germany]] ([[Bundeswehr]]), [[Austrian Armed Forces]], and [[Military of Switzerland]].
{{see also|Ranks of the Bundesheer}}
{{empty section|date=November 2022}}


==History==
==Germany==
{{Infobox military rank
⚫
In the [[German Army]], it dates from the early 19th century. Translated as "senior lieutenant", the rank is typically bestowed upon commissioned officers after five to six years of active duty service.
| name = First lieutenant
| native_name = {{lang|de|Oberleutnant}}
| image = {{nowrap|[[File:HD H 42 Oberleutnant Pz.svg|88px]] [[File:LD B 42 Oberleutnant.svg|88px]]}}
| image_size =
| caption = Army and Air Force insignia
| image2 =
| image_size2 =
| caption2 =
| country = {{flagcountry|Germany}}
| service branch = {{army|Germany}}<br>{{air force|Germany}}
| abbreviation = OLt
| rank =
| NATO rank = [[Ranks and insignia of NATO armies officers#Officers (OF 1–10)|OF-1]]
| Non-NATO rank =
| formation = 1871
| abolished =
| higher rank = {{lang|de|[[Hauptmann]]}}
| lower rank = {{lang|de|[[Leutnant]]}}
| equivalents = {{lang|de|[[Oberleutnant zur See]]}}
⚫
}}
⚫
In the [[German Army]], it dates from the early 19th century. Translated as "first lieutenant",<ref name="LS1" /> the rank is typically bestowed upon commissioned officers after five to six years of active-duty service.


Oberleutnant is used by both the [[German Army]] and the [[German Air Force]]. In the [[NATO]] military comparison system, a German ''Oberleutnant'' is the equivalent of a [[First lieutenant]] or [[Poruchik]] in the Army/Air Forces of Allied nations.
{{lang|de|Oberleutnant}} is used by both the [[German Army]] and the [[German Air Force]]. In the [[NATO]] military comparison system, a German {{lang|de|Oberleutnant}} is the equivalent of a [[first lieutenant]] in the Army/Air Forces of Allied nations.


;Other uses
;Other uses


The equivalent naval rank is [[Oberleutnant zur See]].
The equivalent naval rank is ''[[Oberleutnant zur See]]''.


In [[Nazi Germany]], within the [[SS]], [[Sturmabteilung|SA]] and [[Waffen-SS]], the rank of [[Obersturmführer]] was considered the equivalent of an ''Oberleutnant'' in the German Army.{{sfn|Flaherty|2004|p= 148}}{{sfn|McNab|2009|p=15}}
In [[Nazi Germany]], within the [[SS]], [[Sturmabteilung|SA]] and [[Waffen-SS]], the rank of'' [[Obersturmführer]]'' was considered the equivalent of an {{lang|de|Oberleutnant}} in the German Army.{{sfn|Flaherty|2004|p= 148}}{{sfn|McNab|2009|p=15}}

{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0.5em auto; clear: both;"
|-
|width="30%" align="center" style="background:#cfcfcf;"|junior Rank<br>'''[[Leutnant]]'''
|width="40%" align="center" style="background:#bfbfbf;"|[[File:Bundeswehr Logo Heer with lettering.svg|28px]] [[File:Bundeswehr Logo Luftwaffe with lettering.svg|63px]]
<small>([[Rank insignia of the German Bundeswehr#Commissioned officers (CO/ de: Offiziere)|German officer rank]])</small><br />'''Oberleutnant'''
|width="30%" align="center" style="background:#afafaf;"|senior Rank<br>'''[[Hauptmann]]'''
|}


{| class=wikitable
{| class=wikitable
⚫
! colspan="10" |Rank insignias Oberleutnant/Oberleutnant zur See (OF-1)
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
⚫
! colspan="10" |Rank insignias Oberleutnant/Oberleutnant zur See (OF-1a)
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
! colspan="3" |[[File:Bundeswehr Logo Heer with lettering.svg|33x80px]]
! colspan="3" |[[File:Bundeswehr Logo Heer with lettering.svg|33x80px]]
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| <!-- Luftwaffe -->[[File:LD B 42 Oberleutnant.svg|50x100px]]
| <!-- Luftwaffe -->[[File:LD B 42 Oberleutnant.svg|50x100px]]
| [[File:LA OS5 42 Oberleutnant.svg|50x100px]]
| [[File:LA OS5 42 Oberleutnant.svg|50x100px]]
|
|

| <!-- Marine Schulterklappe -->[[File:MDS 42 Oberleutnant zur See Trp.svg|50x100px]]
| <!-- Marine Schulterklappe -->[[File:MDS 42 Oberleutnant zur See Trp.svg|50x100px]]
| [[File:MDJA 42 Oberleutnant zur See Trp Lu.svg|50x100px]]
| [[File:MDJA 42 Oberleutnant zur See Trp Lu.svg|50x100px]]
| [[File:MA OG5 42 Oberleutnant zur See.svg|50x100px]]
| [[File:MA OG5 42 Oberleutnant zur See.svg|50x100px]]
|
|

|- align="center"
|- align="center"
| Service uniform<br /><small>(basic form)<br />([[Armored corps]])</small>
| Service uniform<br /><small>(basic form)<br />([[Armored corps]])</small>
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{{main|Ranks of the National People's Army}}
{{main|Ranks of the National People's Army}}


In the GDR [[National People's Army]] (NPA) the OF1a-rank «Oberleutnant» was the highest lieutenant rank, comparable to NATO first lieutenant, until 1990. This was in reference to the Soviet military doctrine and in line to other armed forces of the Warsaw pact.
In the GDR [[National People's Army]] (NPA) the rank was the highest lieutenant rank, until 1990. This was in reference to Soviet military doctrine and in line with other armed forces of the Warsaw pact.


The equivalent rank of the [[Volksmarine]] (en: GDR Navy) was the [[Oberleutnant zur See]], later simple ''Oberleutnant''. However, internal the wording ''Oberleutnant zur See'' was used continuously. In reference to the Soviet armed forces and to other armed forces of the Warsaw pact ''Oberleutnant'' was the second lowest officer rank until 1990.
The equivalent rank in the [[Volksmarine]] (en: GDR Navy) was [[Oberleutnant zur See]]. Later it was shortened to simply {{lang|de|Oberleutnant}}; however, internally {{lang|de|Oberleutnant zur See}} continued to be used. With reference to the Soviet armed forces and to other armed forces of the Warsaw pact {{lang|de|Oberleutnant}} was the second lowest officer rank until 1990.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0.5em auto; clear: both;"
|-
|width="30%" align="center" style="background:#cfcfcf;"|Junior Rank<br>[[Leutnant]]'''
|width="40%" align="center" style="background:#bfbfbf;"|[[File:Flag of NVA (East Germany).svg|30px]]<br />'''National People's Army rank'''<br>'''Oberleutnant'''<br><small>(Oberleutnant zur See)</small>
|width="30%" align="center" style="background:#afafaf;"|Senior Rank<br>[[Hauptmann]]<br />
|}


{| class=wikitable
{| class=wikitable
!colspan="10"| Rank insignia
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
!colspan="10"| Rank insignias «Oberleutnant» / «Oberleutnant zur See» (OF-1a)
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
!colspan="2"| [[File:Emblem of the Ground Forces of NVA (East Germany).svg|25px]] [[Land Forces of the National People's Army|Land forces]]
!colspan="2"| [[File:Emblem of the Ground Forces of NVA (East Germany).svg|25px]] [[Land Forces of the National People's Army|Land forces]]
Line 114: Line 93:
| [[File:GDR Army OF1 Oberleutnant.gif|60px]]
| [[File:GDR Army OF1 Oberleutnant.gif|60px]]
| [[File:OF-1c Oberleutnant Pz.png|55px]]
| [[File:OF-1c Oberleutnant Pz.png|55px]]
| style="vertical-align: middle" | N/A
|[[File:None.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Oberleutnant GT Schulterstück.jpg|70px]]
|[[File:Oberleutnant GT Schulterstück.jpg|70px]]
| [[File:OF-1c Oberleutnant zur See.png|55px]]
| [[File:OF-1c Oberleutnant zur See.png|55px]]
Line 122: Line 101:
!colspan="2"| Oberleutnant zur See
!colspan="2"| Oberleutnant zur See
|}
|}

==Switzerland==
{{see also|Military ranks of Switzerland}}
{{empty section|date=November 2022}}


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Comparative military ranks of World War I]]
* [[Comparative army officer ranks of Europe]]
* [[Comparative military ranks of World War II]]
* [[Ranks of the German Bundeswehr]]
* [[Rank insignia of the German Bundeswehr]]
* [[Rank insignia of the German Bundeswehr]]
* [[Yliluutnantti]]
* [[Yliluutnantti]]


== Notes ==
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist}}


== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book | last=Flaherty | first=T. H. | editor-link = Time-Life | title = The Third Reich: The SS | publisher = Time-Life Books, Inc | year = 2004 | origyear = 1988 | isbn = 1 84447 073 3 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book |last1=Flaherty |first1=T. H. |title=The Third Reich: The SS |publisher=Time-Life Books, Inc |year=2004 |orig-year=1988 |isbn=1-84447-073-3}}
* {{cite book | last=McNab | first=Chris | title = The Third Reich | publisher = Amber Books Ltd | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-1-906626-51-8 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book |last1=McNab |first1=Chris |title=The Third Reich |publisher=Amber Books Ltd |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-906626-51-8}}
{{refend}}


{{German military ranks}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Military ranks of Germany]]
[[Category:Military ranks of Germany]]
[[Category:Military officer ranks]]


{{germany-mil-stub}}
{{germany-mil-stub}}

Latest revision as of 21:09, 14 November 2024

Not to be confused with the more senior Germanic rank Oberstleutnant, equivalent to lieutenant colonel.

Oberleutnant (English: First Lieutenant)[1] is a senior lieutenant officer rank in the German-speaking armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr), the Austrian Armed Forces, and the Swiss Armed Forces. In Austria, Oberleutnant is also a designation for certain positions in the federal police and prison guards. In the former West Germany, it was also a rank in the Federal Border Guard (Bundesgrenzschutz).

Occupied Austria

[edit]
See also: Ranks of the Bundesheer

Germany

[edit]
First lieutenant
Oberleutnant
Army and Air Force insignia
Country Germany
Service branch German Army
 German Air Force
AbbreviationOLt
NATO rank codeOF-1
Formation1871
Next higher rankHauptmann
Next lower rankLeutnant
Equivalent ranksOberleutnant zur See

In the German Army, it dates from the early 19th century. Translated as "first lieutenant",[1] the rank is typically bestowed upon commissioned officers after five to six years of active-duty service.

Oberleutnant is used by both the German Army and the German Air Force. In the NATO military comparison system, a German Oberleutnant is the equivalent of a first lieutenant in the Army/Air Forces of Allied nations.

Other uses

The equivalent naval rank is Oberleutnant zur See.

In Nazi Germany, within the SS, SA and Waffen-SS, the rank of Obersturmführer was considered the equivalent of an Oberleutnant in the German Army.[2][3]

Rank insignias Oberleutnant/Oberleutnant zur See (OF-1)
Service uniform
(basic form)
(Armored corps) 		Field uniform
(Armored infantry) 		San OA Service uniform
(basic form) 		Field uniform San OA Shoulder strap Sleeve insignia Mountain loop San OA

National People's Army

[edit]
Main article: Ranks of the National People's Army

In the GDR National People's Army (NPA) the rank was the highest lieutenant rank, until 1990. This was in reference to Soviet military doctrine and in line with other armed forces of the Warsaw pact.

The equivalent rank in the Volksmarine (en: GDR Navy) was Oberleutnant zur See. Later it was shortened to simply Oberleutnant; however, internally Oberleutnant zur See continued to be used. With reference to the Soviet armed forces and to other armed forces of the Warsaw pact Oberleutnant was the second lowest officer rank until 1990.

Rank insignia
Land forces Air Force GDR Border troops Volksmarine
N/A
Oberleutnant Oberleutnant zur See

Switzerland

[edit]
See also: Military ranks of Switzerland

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "German-English translation for "Oberleutnant"". Stuttgart: Langenscheidt. Retrieved 2024-08-24.
  2. ^ Flaherty 2004, p. 148.
  3. ^ McNab 2009, p. 15.

Bibliography

[edit]
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