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Leonard Francis Comber (20 September 1921 – 11 May 2023) was a British military and police officer, and later book publisher, operating in British India, Malaya, Singapore, Hong Kong and Australia. He was also an editor and author of books relating to South-East Asia.^[1]^[2]

Early life

Leonard Francis Comber,^[3] an only child, was born in London on 20 September 1921. His mother was married to a master bookbinder and typesetter. He was reading law at King's College, London, in 1939 when the Second World War began.

World War II

During World War Two, Comber served as an officer in the Indian Army^[4] and took part in military operations in Assam and Burma.^[5] At the end of the war, he was among those who landed at Morib Beach, Selangor, on the west coast of Malaya, and witnessed the surrender of Japanese forces in Kelantan.

Malaya

Following service with the British Military Administration of Malaya (BMA), he was appointed to the British Colonial Service (Malayan Police) when the army handed over administration of the country to the civilian government in April 1946. Leon Comber, a Chinese speaker, spent most of his police service with the Special Branch, the organisation responsible for political, security and operational intelligence.^[6] Special Branch participated in the Malayan Emergency (1948-1960), when counter-insurgency operations were launched against the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM) and its guerrilla force, the MNLA (Malayan National Liberation Army).^[1]

Comber left Special Branch after his wife, author Han Suyin, whom he married in 1952, wrote a novel, And the Rain My Drink (1956), which was viewed as being anti-British in its depiction of the guerrilla war of Chinese rubber workers against the government.^[7] They divorced in 1958.^[8]

Comber then worked for more than twenty years in book publishing. First based in Singapore, later in Hong Kong, he was the regional representative of Heinemann Educational Books of London.^[9] He became managing director of local Heinemann subsidiary companies established in Hong Kong, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. In 1966 he founded Heinemann Educational Books (Asia) Ltd's Writing in Asia Series. Subsequently, he was Publisher and Director of Hong Kong University Press.^[10]

Comber was involved^[how?] with the Asiaweek Short Story Competition, which was run annually between 1981 and 1988. He edited and wrote an introduction for Prizewinning Asian Fiction, an anthology of prizewinning short stories from the competition. Throughout this period, he also wrote and edited a large number of books and articles, including several about Malayan policing and intelligence.^[11]

In 1991, he moved to Melbourne, Australia, with his second wife, Takako Kawai, and their daughter. Subsequently, he became an Honorary Research Fellow at Monash Asia Institute, Monash University. At the age of 76, he was awarded a Ph.D. in Asian Studies.^{[citation needed]}

Comber was a senior fellow at the Institute of South East Asian Studies, Singapore, from 2011 to 2020.^[12]

Comber died in Melbourne, Australia on 11 May 2023, at the age of 101.^[13]^[14]

Selected publications

Books

Chinese Ancestor Worship in Malaya (1954).^[15]
Chinese Temples in Singapore (1958).^[16]
Chinese Secret Societies in Malaya: A Survey of the Triad Society from 1800 to 1900 (1959).
Favourite Chinese Stories (1967; 1975; 1988).
The Strange Cases of Magistrate Pao: Chinese Tales of Crime and Detection. Translated from the Chinese and Retold by Leon Comber [with] Illustrations by Lo Koon-chiu (1970; 1972; 2010).
The Golden Treasure Box: Favourite Stories From the Orient (1979).
Malaya's Secret Police 1945-1960: The Role of the Special Branch in the Malayan Emergency (2008).^[17]
The Triads: Chinese Secret Societies in 1950s Malaya and Singapore (2009).
Through the Bamboo Window: Chinese Life and Culture in 1950s Malaya and Singapore (2009).^[18]
Singapore Correspondent: Political Dispatches from Singapore, 1958-1962 (2012).
Templer and the Road to Malaysian Independence: The Man and His Time (2015).^[4]
Dalley and the Malayan Security Service, 1945-48: MI5 vs. MSS (2018).

Articles

"The Origins of the Cold War in Southeast Asia: The Case of the Communist Party of Malaysia (1948–1960): A Special Branch Perspective", in: Kajian Malaysia, vol. 27, nos. 1 and 2 January 2009), pp. 39-60.^[17]

References

^ ^a ^b "The officer who loved Malaya". The Star, November 30, 2008 By MARTIN VENGADESAN
^ Corfield, Justin (2010). Historical Dictionary of Singapore. Scarecrow Press. pp. 66. ISBN 978-0810873872.
^ Kevin Tan (2008). Marshall of Singapore: A Biography. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 296–. ISBN 978-981-230-878-8.
^ ^a ^b "BOOK REVIEW: Templer and the Road to Malayan Independence: The Man and His Time". Kajian Malaysia, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2016, 135–138. Abu Talib Ahmad, Penerbit University Sains Malaysia
^ Justin Corfield (2 December 2010). Historical Dictionary of Singapore. Scarecrow Press. pp. 66–. ISBN 978-0-8108-7387-2.
^ Si Ying Tan. "Book Review: Templer and the Road to Malayan Independence: The Man and His Time". Asian Journal of Public Affairs, Volume 9 (1): 43-46, 2016.
^ "Han Suyin Dies; Wrote Sweeping Fiction". International New York Times, MARGALIT FOX. NOV. 5, 2012
^ "Han Suyin, Chinese-born author of ‘A Many-Splendoured Thing,’ dies at 95". Washington Post, Alison Lake. November 4, 2012
^ Rajeev S. Patke; Philip Holden (10 September 2009). The Routledge Concise History of Southeast Asian Writing in English. Routledge. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-1-135-25761-3.
^ Michael Ingham; Xu Xi (1 March 2003). City Voices: Hong Kong Writing in English 1945 to the Present. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 20–. ISBN 978-962-209-604-2.
^ Isabelle Duyvesteyn (31 October 2013). Intelligence and Strategic Culture. Taylor & Francis. pp. 48–. ISBN 978-1-317-96703-3.
^ "Dr Leon Comber - ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute".
^ "Obituary-Tribute to Leon Comber". Facebook.
^ "Leon Comber, former SB officer and author, dies at 102". Free Malaysia Today. 14 May 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
^ Tong Chee Kiong (1 March 2004). Chinese Death Rituals in Singapore. Routledge. pp. 158–. ISBN 978-1-135-79843-7.
^ "Chinese Temples in Singapore". Chinatownology,
^ ^a ^b Malcolm H. Murfett (16 July 2012). Cold War Southeast Asia. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. pp. 37–. ISBN 978-981-4382-98-4.
^ "Ghost marriages still alive in Hong Kong". Post Magazine, Jason Wordie, 19 Aug 2016

External links

Dr Leon Comber at Monash Asia Institute, Monash University
Visiting Researchers: Leon Comber^{[dead link‍]} at ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute

[star-1] "The officer who loved Malaya". The Star, November 30, 2008 By MARTIN VENGADESAN

[2] Corfield, Justin (2010). Historical Dictionary of Singapore. Scarecrow Press. pp. 66. ISBN 978-0810873872.

[Tan2008-3] Kevin Tan (2008). Marshall of Singapore: A Biography. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 296–. ISBN 978-981-230-878-8.

[ahmad-4] "BOOK REVIEW: Templer and the Road to Malayan Independence: The Man and His Time". Kajian Malaysia, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2016, 135–138. Abu Talib Ahmad, Penerbit University Sains Malaysia

[Corfield2010-5] Justin Corfield (2 December 2010). Historical Dictionary of Singapore. Scarecrow Press. pp. 66–. ISBN 978-0-8108-7387-2.

[6] Si Ying Tan. "Book Review: Templer and the Road to Malayan Independence: The Man and His Time". Asian Journal of Public Affairs, Volume 9 (1): 43-46, 2016.

[7] "Han Suyin Dies; Wrote Sweeping Fiction". International New York Times, MARGALIT FOX. NOV. 5, 2012

[8] "Han Suyin, Chinese-born author of ‘A Many-Splendoured Thing,’ dies at 95". Washington Post, Alison Lake. November 4, 2012

[PatkeHolden2009-9] Rajeev S. Patke; Philip Holden (10 September 2009). The Routledge Concise History of Southeast Asian Writing in English. Routledge. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-1-135-25761-3.

[InghamXi2003-10] Michael Ingham; Xu Xi (1 March 2003). City Voices: Hong Kong Writing in English 1945 to the Present. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 20–. ISBN 978-962-209-604-2.

[Duyvesteyn2013-11] Isabelle Duyvesteyn (31 October 2013). Intelligence and Strategic Culture. Taylor & Francis. pp. 48–. ISBN 978-1-317-96703-3.

[12] "Dr Leon Comber - ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute".

[13] "Obituary-Tribute to Leon Comber". Facebook.

[14] "Leon Comber, former SB officer and author, dies at 102". Free Malaysia Today. 14 May 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2023.

[Kiong2004-15] Tong Chee Kiong (1 March 2004). Chinese Death Rituals in Singapore. Routledge. pp. 158–. ISBN 978-1-135-79843-7.

[16] "Chinese Temples in Singapore". Chinatownology,

[Murfett2012-17] Malcolm H. Murfett (16 July 2012). Cold War Southeast Asia. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. pp. 37–. ISBN 978-981-4382-98-4.

[18] "Ghost marriages still alive in Hong Kong". Post Magazine, Jason Wordie, 19 Aug 2016

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|British book publisher (1921–2023)}}
-'''Leonard Francis Comber'''<ref name="Tan2008">{{cite book|author=Kevin Tan|title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA296|year=2008|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=978-981-230-878-8|pages=296–}}</ref> (20 September 1921-11 May 2023) is a British military and police officer, and later book publisher, operating in British India, Malaya, [[Singapore]], [[Hong Kong]] and Australia. He was also an editor and author of books relating to South-East Asia.<ref name=star>[http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=/2008/11/30/lifefocus/2658667&sec=lifefocus "The officer who loved Malaya"]. ''The Star'', November 30, 2008 By MARTIN VENGADESAN</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Singapore|last=Corfield|first=Justin|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0810873872|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000corf/page/66 66]|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000corf/page/66}}</ref>
+{{More citations needed|date=May 2023}}
+'''Leonard Francis Comber''' (20 September 1921 – 11 May 2023) was a British military and police officer, and later book publisher, operating in British India, Malaya, [[Singapore]], [[Hong Kong]] and Australia. He was also an editor and author of books relating to South-East Asia.<ref name=star>[http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=/2008/11/30/lifefocus/2658667&sec=lifefocus "The officer who loved Malaya"]. ''The Star'', November 30, 2008 By MARTIN VENGADESAN</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Singapore|last=Corfield|first=Justin|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0810873872|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000corf/page/66 66]|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000corf/page/66}}</ref>
 == Early life ==
-Comber, an only child, was born in [[London]] in September 1921. His mother was married to a master bookbinder and typesetter. He was reading law at King's College, London, in 1939 when the Second World War began.
+Leonard Francis Comber,<ref name="Tan2008">{{cite book|author=Kevin Tan|title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA296|year=2008|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=978-981-230-878-8|pages=296–}}</ref> an only child, was born in [[London]] on 20 September 1921. His mother was married to a master bookbinder and typesetter. He was reading law at King's College, London, in 1939 when the Second World War began.
 == World War II ==
-During World War Two, Comber served as a British officer in the [[Indian Army]]<ref name=ahmad>[http://web.usm.my/km/34(1)2016/km34012016_06.pdf "BOOK REVIEW: Templer and the Road to Malayan Independence: The Man and His Time"]. ''Kajian Malaysia'', Vol. 34, No. 1, 2016, 135–138. Abu Talib Ahmad, Penerbit University Sains Malaysia</ref> and took part in military operations in Assam and Burma.<ref name="Corfield2010">{{cite book|author=Justin Corfield|title=Historical Dictionary of Singapore|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000corf|url-access=registration|date=2 December 2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7387-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000corf/page/66 66]–}}</ref> At the end of the war, he was among those who landed at Morib Beach, [[Selangor]], on the west coast of Malaya, and witnessed the surrender of Japanese forces in [[Kelantan]].
+During World War Two, Comber served as an officer in the [[Indian Army during World War II|Indian Army]]<ref name=ahmad>[http://web.usm.my/km/34(1)2016/km34012016_06.pdf "BOOK REVIEW: Templer and the Road to Malayan Independence: The Man and His Time"]. ''Kajian Malaysia'', Vol. 34, No. 1, 2016, 135–138. Abu Talib Ahmad, Penerbit University Sains Malaysia</ref> and took part in military operations in Assam and Burma.<ref name="Corfield2010">{{cite book|author=Justin Corfield|title=Historical Dictionary of Singapore|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000corf|url-access=registration|date=2 December 2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7387-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000corf/page/66 66]–}}</ref> At the end of the war, he was among those who landed at Morib Beach, [[Selangor]], on the west coast of Malaya, and witnessed the surrender of Japanese forces in [[Kelantan]].
 == Malaya ==
@@ Line 12: / Line 14: @@
 Comber left Special Branch after his wife, author [[Han Suyin]], whom he married in 1952, wrote a novel, ''[[And the Rain My Drink]]'' (1956), which was viewed as being anti-British in its depiction of the guerrilla war of Chinese rubber workers against the government.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/06/world/asia/han-suyin-dies-wrote-sweeping-fiction.html?_r=0 "Han Suyin Dies; Wrote Sweeping Fiction"]. ''International New York Times'',  MARGALIT FOX. NOV. 5, 2012</ref> They divorced in 1958.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/han-suyin-chinese-born-author-of-a-many-splendoured-thing-dies-at-95/2012/11/04/55d11efe-e887-11e0-9660-be84fb24c979_story.html "Han Suyin, Chinese-born author of ‘A Many-Splendoured Thing,’ dies at 95"]. ''Washington Post'', Alison Lake. November 4, 2012</ref>
-Comber then worked for more than twenty years in book publishing. First based in Singapore, later in Hong Kong, he was the regional representative of Heinemann Educational Books of London.<ref name="PatkeHolden2009">{{cite book|author1=Rajeev S. Patke|author2=Philip Holden|title=The Routledge Concise History of Southeast Asian Writing in English|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ABCPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT160|date=10 September 2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-25761-3|pages=160–}}</ref> In 1966 he founded Heinemann Education's [[Writing in Asia Series]]. He became managing director of local Heinemann subsidiary companies established in Hong Kong, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. Subsequently, he was Publisher and Director of Hong Kong University Press.<ref name="InghamXi2003">{{cite book|author1=Michael Ingham|author2=Xu Xi|title=City Voices: Hong Kong Writing in English 1945 to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2f3IAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|date=1 March 2003|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|isbn=978-962-209-604-2|pages=20–}}</ref>
+Comber then worked for more than twenty years in book publishing. First based in Singapore, later in Hong Kong, he was the regional representative of Heinemann Educational Books of London.<ref name="PatkeHolden2009">{{cite book|author1=Rajeev S. Patke|author2=Philip Holden|title=The Routledge Concise History of Southeast Asian Writing in English|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ABCPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT160|date=10 September 2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-25761-3|pages=160–}}</ref> He became managing director of local Heinemann subsidiary companies established in Hong Kong, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. In 1966 he founded Heinemann Educational Books (Asia) Ltd's [[Writing in Asia Series]]. Subsequently, he was Publisher and Director of Hong Kong University Press.<ref name="InghamXi2003">{{cite book|author1=Michael Ingham|author2=Xu Xi|title=City Voices: Hong Kong Writing in English 1945 to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2f3IAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|date=1 March 2003|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|isbn=978-962-209-604-2|pages=20–}}</ref>
 Comber was involved{{how|date=March 2017}} with the [[Asiaweek]] Short Story Competition, which was run annually between 1981 and 1988. He edited and wrote an introduction for ''Prizewinning Asian Fiction'', an anthology of prizewinning short stories from the competition. Throughout this period, he also wrote and edited a large number of books and articles, including several about  Malayan policing and intelligence.<ref name="Duyvesteyn2013">{{cite book|author=Isabelle Duyvesteyn|title=Intelligence and Strategic Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2cvhAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT48|date=31 October 2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-96703-3|pages=48–}}</ref>
@@ Line 18: / Line 20: @@
 In 1991, he moved to [[Melbourne]], Australia, with his second wife, Takako Kawai, and their daughter. Subsequently, he became an Honorary Research Fellow at Monash Asia Institute, [[Monash University]]. At the age of 76, he was awarded a Ph.D. in Asian Studies.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}
-Comber was a senior fellow at the Institute of South East Asian Studies, Singapore, from 2011 to 2020.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.iseas.edu.sg/about-us/researchers/regional-strategic-political-studies/visiting-researchers/item/1136-dr-leon-comber |title = Dr Leon Comber - ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute}}</ref> He died in [[Melbourne]], Australia on 11 May 2023, aged 101.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid0zrjstzjw97swd5ema5iyoP2rqMac948sfYrv1ptnYEWmWhPfkTrE5bRqb58Ho79Hl&id=297630733174&mibextid=qC1gEa}}</ref>
+Comber was a senior fellow at the Institute of South East Asian Studies, Singapore, from 2011 to 2020.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.iseas.edu.sg/about-us/researchers/regional-strategic-political-studies/visiting-researchers/item/1136-dr-leon-comber |title = Dr Leon Comber - ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute}}</ref>
+Comber died in [[Melbourne]], Australia on 11 May 2023, at the age of 101.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Obituary-Tribute to Leon Comber| website=[[Facebook]] |url=https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid0zrjstzjw97swd5ema5iyoP2rqMac948sfYrv1ptnYEWmWhPfkTrE5bRqb58Ho79Hl&id=297630733174&mibextid=qC1gEa}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Leon Comber, former SB officer and author, dies at 102 |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2023/05/14/leon-comber-former-sb-officer-and-author-dies-at-102/ |access-date=15 May 2023 |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=14 May 2023}}</ref>
 ==Selected publications==
@@ Line 32: / Line 36: @@
 *''Through the Bamboo Window:  Chinese Life and Culture in 1950s Malaya and Singapore'' (2009).<ref>[http://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/2005156/ghost-marriages-still-alive-hong-kong "Ghost marriages still alive in Hong Kong"]. ''Post Magazine'', Jason Wordie, 19 Aug 2016</ref>
 *''Singapore Correspondent: Political Dispatches from Singapore, 1958-1962'' (2012).
-*''Templer and the Road to Malaysian independence: The Man and His Time'' (2015).<ref name=ahmad />
+*''Templer and the Road to Malaysian Independence: The Man and His Time'' (2015).<ref name=ahmad />
 *''Dalley and the Malayan Security Service, 1945-48: MI5 vs. MSS'' (2018).
@@ Line 42: / Line 46: @@
 ==External links==
-*Monash University Asia Institute https://web.archive.org/web/20120326004227/http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/mai/staff/lcomber.php
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120326004227/http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/mai/staff/lcomber.php Dr Leon Comber] at Monash Asia Institute, Monash University
-*ISEAS https://www.iseas.edu.sg/about-us/researchers/regional-strategic-political-studies/visiting-researchers/item/1136-dr-leon-comber
+* [https://www.iseas.edu.sg/about-us/researchers/regional-strategic-political-studies/visiting-researchers/item/1136-dr-leon-comber Visiting Researchers: Leon Comber]{{Dead link|date=July 2023}} at ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute
 {{authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Comber, Leon}}
-[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
-[[Category:Living people]]
 [[Category:1921 births]]
+[[Category:2023 deaths]]
+[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
 [[Category:University of Macau alumni]]
 [[Category:Alumni of SOAS University of London]]
@@ Line 61: / Line 65: @@
 [[Category:British expatriates in Malaysia]]
 [[Category:British expatriates in Hong Kong]]
+[[Category:English men centenarians]]
+[[Category:British men centenarians]]
+[[Category:British colonial police officers]]

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