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{{Short description|British politician (1907–1996)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
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| name = The Lord Jay
| name = The Lord Jay
| honorific-suffix = [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|PC]]
| honorific-suffix = [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|PC]]
| image = Douglas Jay 1949.jpg
| caption = Jay, pictured in 1949
| birth_name = Douglas Patrick Thomas Jay
| birth_name = Douglas Patrick Thomas Jay
| office = [[President of the Board of Trade]]
| office = [[President of the Board of Trade]]
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| term_start2 = 13 November 1947
| term_start2 = 13 November 1947
| term_end2 = 23 February 1950
| term_end2 = 23 February 1950
| predecessor2 = Office Created
| predecessor2 = Office created
| successor2 = [[John Edwards (British Labour politician)|John Edwards]]
| successor2 = [[John Edwards (British Labour politician)|John Edwards]]
| office5 = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] <br> for [[Battersea North (UK Parliament constituency)|Battersea North]]
| office5 = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] <br> for [[Battersea North (UK Parliament constituency)|Battersea North]]
| term_start5 = 25 July 1946
| term_start5 = 26 July 1946
| term_end5 = 9 June 1983
| term_end5 = 13 May 1983
| predecessor5 = [[Francis Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Barloch|Francis Douglas]]
| predecessor5 = [[Francis Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Barloch|Francis Douglas]]
| successor5 = Constituency Abolished
| successor5 = Constituency abolished
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1907|3|23}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1907|3|23}}
| birth_place =
| birth_place =
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| death_place =
| death_place =
| spouse = [[Peggy Jay]]<br />Mary Thomas
| spouse = [[Peggy Jay]]<br />Mary Thomas
| children = 3, including [[Peter Jay (diplomat)|Peter Jay]]
| children = 4, including [[Peter Jay (diplomat)|Peter Jay]] (1937–2024), Helen and Catherine Jay (born 1945)<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw58297 |title=The Jay Twins}}</ref>
| nationality = British
| nationality = British
| party = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]
| party = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]
| alma_mater = [[Winchester College]] <br /> [[New College, Oxford]]
| alma_mater = [[New College, Oxford]]
}}
}}


'''Douglas Patrick Thomas Jay, Baron Jay''', [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|PC]] (23 March 1907 – 6 March 1996) was a [[Labour Party (UK)|British Labour Party]] politician.
'''Douglas Patrick Thomas Jay, Baron Jay''', [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|PC]] (23 March 1907 – 6 March 1996) was a [[Labour Party (UK)|British Labour Party]] politician.


==Early life==
==Early life and education==
Educated at [[Winchester College]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Adrian Wooldridge|title=Measuring the Mind: Education and Psychology in England C.1860-c.1990|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1zcWgGd-CEC&pg=PA186|date=27 April 2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-02618-5|page=186}}</ref> and [[New College, Oxford]], Jay won the Chancellor's English Essay in 1927 and gained a First in [[Literae Humaniores]] ('Greats') in 1929.<ref>''Oxford University Calendar 1932'', pp. 273, 488</ref> He was a Fellow of [[All Souls College, Oxford|All Souls]] 1930–37. His early career was as an economics journalist working for ''[[The Times]]'' (1929–33), ''[[The Economist]]'' (1933–37) and the ''[[Daily Herald (UK newspaper)|Daily Herald]]'' (1937–41), then as a civil servant in the [[Ministry of Supply]] and the [[Board of Trade (Privy Council)|Board of Trade]], from 1943 as personal assistant to [[Hugh Dalton]].
Educated at [[Winchester College]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Adrian Wooldridge|title=Measuring the Mind: Education and Psychology in England c.1860-c.1990|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1zcWgGd-CEC&pg=PA186|date=27 April 2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-02618-5|page=186}}</ref> and [[New College, Oxford]], Jay won the Chancellor's English Essay in 1927 and gained a First in [[Literae Humaniores]] ('Greats') in 1929.<ref>''Oxford University Calendar 1932'', pp. 273, 488</ref> He was a Fellow of [[All Souls College, Oxford|All Souls]] from 1930 to 1937. His early career was as an economics journalist, working for ''[[The Times]]'' (1929–33), ''[[The Economist]]'' (1933–37) and the ''[[Daily Herald (UK newspaper)|Daily Herald]]'' (1937–41), then as a civil servant in the [[Ministry of Supply]] and the [[Board of Trade (Privy Council)|Board of Trade]]. From 1943 he was a personal assistant to [[Hugh Dalton]].


⚫
==Political career==
⚫
In ''The Socialist Case'' (1937) he wrote: "in the case of nutrition and health, just as in the case of education, the gentleman in [[Whitehall]] really does know better what is good for people than the people know themselves". This statement was mercilessly exploited by the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] and won him long-lasting notoriety; it has often been paraphrased as "the man in Whitehall knows best".
Jay was a convinced democratic socialist from a young age, but only joined the Labour Party in the winter of 1933–34, whereupon he became a member of Paddington [[Constituency Labour Party|constituency party]].<ref>Douglas Jay, ''Change and Fortune: a Political Record'' (London: Hutchinson, 1980), pp. 56-7.</ref> In his capacity as a journalist he was a senior figure in the [[XYZ Club]], a clandestine organisation in the [[City of London]] dedicated to supplying Labour with financial intelligence.<ref>Jay, ''Change and Fortune'', p. 60.</ref> Alongside [[Evan Durbin]] and [[Hugh Gaitskell]], he brought the thinking of [[John Maynard Keynes]] to the party, especially in relation to [[price determination]].


⚫
In ''The Socialist Case'' (1937), his first book, Jay wrote: "in the case of nutrition and health, just as in the case of education, the gentleman in [[Whitehall]] really does know better what is good for people than the people know themselves". This statement was mercilessly exploited by the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] and won him long-lasting notoriety; it has often been paraphrased as "the man in Whitehall knows best". In fact, Jay was always rather sceptical of planning and bureaucracy when compared to his contemporaries; as Geoffrey Foote noted, he denied the "identification of planning with socialism", instead viewing Labour's creed as "being about the suppression of [[unearned income]], not the abolition of the market economy".<ref>Geoffrey Foote, ''The Labour Party's Political Thought'' (London: Croom Helm, 1985), p. 201.</ref> Later his views somewhat changed, as he became influenced by the successful operation of [[Rationing in the United Kingdom|rationing during the war]].
⚫
==Parliamentary career==
Jay was elected member of Parliament for [[Battersea North (UK Parliament constituency)|Battersea North]] at a [[1946 Battersea North by-election|by-election in July 1946]], representing the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]],<ref name="craig1918-1949">{{cite book | last=Craig |first=F. W. S. |authorlink= F. W. S. Craig |title=British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 |origyear=1969 |edition=3rd |year=1983 |publisher= Parliamentary Research Services |location=Chichester |isbn= 0-900178-06-X |page=3}}</ref> and held the seat until the constituency was abolished at the [[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983 general election]].


Alongside [[Evan Durbin]] and [[Hugh Gaitskell]], he brought the thinking of [[John Maynard Keynes]] to the Labour Party, especially in relation to price determination. Later his views somewhat changed, as he became influenced by the successful operation of [[Rationing in the United Kingdom|rationing during the war]]. He served as [[Economic Secretary to the Treasury]] from 1947 to 1950, [[Financial Secretary to the Treasury]] from 1950 to 1951 and [[President of the Board of Trade]] from 1964 until being sacked in 1967. He was sworn of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] in 1951.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=39396 |date=27 November 1951 |page=6235 |supp=y}}</ref>
Jay was elected a Labour Member of Parliament for [[Battersea North (UK Parliament constituency)|Battersea North]] at a [[1946 Battersea North by-election|by-election in July 1946]],<ref name="craig1918-1949">{{cite book | last=Craig |first=F. W. S. |author-link= F. W. S. Craig |title=British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 |orig-year=1969 |edition=3rd |year=1983 |publisher= Parliamentary Research Services |location=Chichester |isbn= 0-900178-06-X |page=3}}</ref> and held the seat until the constituency was abolished at the [[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983 general election]]. After entering Westminster, he served as [[Economic Secretary to the Treasury]] from 1947 to 1950, [[Financial Secretary to the Treasury]] from 1950 to 1951 and [[President of the Board of Trade]] from 1964 until being sacked in 1967. Jay's politics during his period at the Board of Trade were characterised by a spirited fight for regional development and an aversion to currency devaluation, but it was his opposition to closer integration with Europe (see below) that led [[Harold Wilson]] to relieve him of his brief – a decision which Wilson, ever averse to conflict, explained was due to the need to have no ministers in the Cabinet over the age of 60.<ref>Roger Broad, ''Labour's European Dilemmas: from Bevin to Blair'' (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001), p. 84.</ref><ref>Jay, ''Change and Fortune'', p. 407.</ref> Jay was sworn of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] in 1951.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=39396 |date=27 November 1951 |page=6235 |supp=y}}</ref>


He was opposed to the UK's entry into the [[European Communities]], and campaigned for a 'no' vote in [[1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum|the 1975 referendum]].
Jay was always fervently opposed to the UK's entry into the [[European Communities]], and in 1970 was the first leading politician to argue that, because all three mainstream parties in Britain supported membership, only a national referendum of all electors could decide the matter in a fair manner.<ref>Douglas Jay, "Joining the Six – the case for a referendum", ''The Times'', 1 August 1970, p. 13.</ref> When that referendum eventually transpired [[1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum|in 1975]], he campaigned for a 'no' vote.


==Honours==
==Honours==
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==Family==
==Family==
[[File:Grave of Douglas Jay at the Church of Saint Kenelm, Minster Lovell, April 2022.jpg|thumb|right|Jay's grave at St. Kenelm's Church in [[Minster Lovell]], Oxfordshire, in 2022]]
His first wife was the councillor [[Peggy Jay]]; their son is the economist [[Peter Jay (diplomat)|Peter Jay]], who married (and later divorced) [[Margaret Jay|Margaret Callaghan]], daughter of [[James Callaghan]] with whom Douglas Jay had served in government. Douglas Jay's second wife, Mary Thomas, had been one of his assistant private secretaries at the Board of Trade.
In 1933 he married the councillor [[Peggy Jay]]; their marriage ended in divorce. Their eldest son was the economist [[Peter Jay (diplomat)|Peter Jay]], who married (and later divorced) [[Margaret Jay|Margaret Callaghan]], daughter of [[James Callaghan]] with whom Douglas Jay had served in government. Their twin daughters, Helen and Catherine, achieved a fashionable profile in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite news |author=Lesley Garner |title=Twin faces of a fast decade | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/twin-faces-fast-decade-1612908.html |accessdate=2021-02-15 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=26 March 1995}}</ref> Douglas Jay's second wife, Mary Thomas, had been one of his assistant private secretaries at the Board of Trade.

==Publications==
* ''The Socialist Case'' (1937)
* ''Who is to Pay for the War and the Peace?'' (1941)
* ''Socialism in the New Society'' (1962)
* ''After the Common Market'' (1968)
* ''Change and Fortune'' (1980) (autobiography)
* ''Sterling: A Plea for Moderation'' (1985)


==Notes and references==
==Notes and references==
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| title = [[Economic Secretary to the Treasury]]
| title = [[Economic Secretary to the Treasury]]
| years = 1947–1950
| years = 1947–1950
| before = (newly created position)
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| after = [[John Edwards (British Labour politician)|John Edwards]]
}}
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[[Category:UK MPs 1974–1979]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974–1979]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1979–1983]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1979–1983]]
[[Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II]]
[[Category:Peggy Jay family|Douglas]]

Latest revision as of 08:06, 15 November 2024

The Right Honourable
The Lord Jay
PC
Jay, pictured in 1949
President of the Board of Trade
In office
18 October 1964 – 29 August 1967
Prime MinisterHarold Wilson
Preceded byEdward Heath
Succeeded byAnthony Crosland
Financial Secretary to the Treasury
In office
23 February 1950 – 30 October 1951
Prime MinisterClement Attlee
Preceded byGlenvil Hall
Succeeded byJohn Boyd-Carpenter
Economic Secretary to the Treasury
In office
13 November 1947 – 23 February 1950
Prime MinisterClement Attlee
Preceded byOffice created
Succeeded byJohn Edwards
Member of Parliament
for Battersea North
In office
26 July 1946 – 13 May 1983
Preceded byFrancis Douglas
Succeeded byConstituency abolished
Personal details
Born
Douglas Patrick Thomas Jay

(1907-03-23)23 March 1907
Died6 March 1996(1996-03-06) (aged 88)
NationalityBritish
Political partyLabour
Spouse(s)Peggy Jay
Mary Thomas
Children4, including Peter Jay (1937–2024), Helen and Catherine Jay (born 1945)[1]
Alma materNew College, Oxford

Douglas Patrick Thomas Jay, Baron Jay, PC (23 March 1907 – 6 March 1996) was a British Labour Party politician.

Early life and education

[edit]

Educated at Winchester College[2] and New College, Oxford, Jay won the Chancellor's English Essay in 1927 and gained a First in Literae Humaniores ('Greats') in 1929.[3] He was a Fellow of All Souls from 1930 to 1937. His early career was as an economics journalist, working for The Times (1929–33), The Economist (1933–37) and the Daily Herald (1937–41), then as a civil servant in the Ministry of Supply and the Board of Trade. From 1943 he was a personal assistant to Hugh Dalton.

Political career

[edit]

Jay was a convinced democratic socialist from a young age, but only joined the Labour Party in the winter of 1933–34, whereupon he became a member of Paddington constituency party.[4] In his capacity as a journalist he was a senior figure in the XYZ Club, a clandestine organisation in the City of London dedicated to supplying Labour with financial intelligence.[5] Alongside Evan Durbin and Hugh Gaitskell, he brought the thinking of John Maynard Keynes to the party, especially in relation to price determination.

In The Socialist Case (1937), his first book, Jay wrote: "in the case of nutrition and health, just as in the case of education, the gentleman in Whitehall really does know better what is good for people than the people know themselves". This statement was mercilessly exploited by the Conservatives and won him long-lasting notoriety; it has often been paraphrased as "the man in Whitehall knows best". In fact, Jay was always rather sceptical of planning and bureaucracy when compared to his contemporaries; as Geoffrey Foote noted, he denied the "identification of planning with socialism", instead viewing Labour's creed as "being about the suppression of unearned income, not the abolition of the market economy".[6] Later his views somewhat changed, as he became influenced by the successful operation of rationing during the war.

Jay was elected a Labour Member of Parliament for Battersea North at a by-election in July 1946,[7] and held the seat until the constituency was abolished at the 1983 general election. After entering Westminster, he served as Economic Secretary to the Treasury from 1947 to 1950, Financial Secretary to the Treasury from 1950 to 1951 and President of the Board of Trade from 1964 until being sacked in 1967. Jay's politics during his period at the Board of Trade were characterised by a spirited fight for regional development and an aversion to currency devaluation, but it was his opposition to closer integration with Europe (see below) that led Harold Wilson to relieve him of his brief – a decision which Wilson, ever averse to conflict, explained was due to the need to have no ministers in the Cabinet over the age of 60.[8][9] Jay was sworn of the Privy Council in 1951.[10]

Jay was always fervently opposed to the UK's entry into the European Communities, and in 1970 was the first leading politician to argue that, because all three mainstream parties in Britain supported membership, only a national referendum of all electors could decide the matter in a fair manner.[11] When that referendum eventually transpired in 1975, he campaigned for a 'no' vote.

Honours

[edit]

Jay was created a life peer as Baron Jay, of Battersea in Greater London, on 8 October 1987.[12]

Family

[edit]
Jay's grave at St. Kenelm's Church in Minster Lovell, Oxfordshire, in 2022

In 1933 he married the councillor Peggy Jay; their marriage ended in divorce. Their eldest son was the economist Peter Jay, who married (and later divorced) Margaret Callaghan, daughter of James Callaghan with whom Douglas Jay had served in government. Their twin daughters, Helen and Catherine, achieved a fashionable profile in the 1960s.[13] Douglas Jay's second wife, Mary Thomas, had been one of his assistant private secretaries at the Board of Trade.

Publications

[edit]
  • The Socialist Case (1937)
  • Who is to Pay for the War and the Peace? (1941)
  • Socialism in the New Society (1962)
  • After the Common Market (1968)
  • Change and Fortune (1980) (autobiography)
  • Sterling: A Plea for Moderation (1985)

Notes and references

[edit]
  1. ^ "The Jay Twins".
  2. ^ Adrian Wooldridge (27 April 2006). Measuring the Mind: Education and Psychology in England c.1860-c.1990. Cambridge University Press. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-521-02618-5.
  3. ^ Oxford University Calendar 1932, pp. 273, 488
  4. ^ Douglas Jay, Change and Fortune: a Political Record (London: Hutchinson, 1980), pp. 56-7.
  5. ^ Jay, Change and Fortune, p. 60.
  6. ^ Geoffrey Foote, The Labour Party's Political Thought (London: Croom Helm, 1985), p. 201.
  7. ^ Craig, F. W. S. (1983) [1969]. British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 3. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
  8. ^ Roger Broad, Labour's European Dilemmas: from Bevin to Blair (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001), p. 84.
  9. ^ Jay, Change and Fortune, p. 407.
  10. ^ "No. 39396". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 November 1951. p. 6235.
  11. ^ Douglas Jay, "Joining the Six – the case for a referendum", The Times, 1 August 1970, p. 13.
  12. ^ "No. 51090". The London Gazette. 13 October 1987. p. 12667.
  13. ^ Lesley Garner (26 March 1995). "Twin faces of a fast decade". The Independent. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
[edit]
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Battersea North
1946 – 1983 		constituency abolished
Political offices
New office Economic Secretary to the Treasury
1947–1950 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Financial Secretary to the Treasury
1950–1951 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of the Board of Trade
1964–1967 		Succeeded by
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