Calculation: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Deliberate process that transforms inputs to outputs with variable change}} |
{{short description|Deliberate process that transforms inputs to outputs with variable change}} |
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{{confused|Computation}} |
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{{For|the card game|Calculation (game)}} |
{{For|the card game|Calculation (game)}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=August 2019}} |
{{More citations needed|date=August 2019}} |
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{{Calculation results}} |
{{Calculation results}} |
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A '''calculation''' is a deliberate process that transforms one or more inputs into one or more results. The term is used in a variety of senses, from the very definite [[arithmetic]]al calculation of using an [[algorithm]], to the vague [[heuristic]]s of calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the chance of a successful relationship between two people. |
A '''calculation''' is a deliberate [[mathematical]] process that transforms one or more inputs into one or more outputs or ''results''. The term is used in a variety of senses, from the very definite [[arithmetic]]al calculation of using an [[algorithm]], to the vague [[heuristic]]s of calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the chance of a successful relationship between two people. |
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[[Statistical estimation]]s of the likely election results from opinion polls also involve algorithmic calculations, but produces ranges of possibilities rather than exact answers. |
[[Statistical estimation]]s of the likely election results from opinion polls also involve algorithmic calculations, but produces ranges of possibilities rather than exact answers. |
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To ''calculate'' means to determine mathematically in the case of a number or amount, or in the case of an abstract problem to deduce the answer using logic, reason or common sense.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/calculate|title=calculate {{!}} Definition of calculate in English by Oxford Dictionaries|website=Oxford Dictionaries {{!}} English|access-date=2018-08-30}}</ref> The English word derives from the [[Latin]] |
To ''calculate'' means to determine mathematically in the case of a number or amount, or in the case of an abstract problem to deduce the answer using [[logic]], [[reason]] or [[common sense]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/calculate|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831035348/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/calculate|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 31, 2018|title=calculate {{!}} Definition of calculate in English by Oxford Dictionaries|website=Oxford Dictionaries {{!}} English|access-date=2018-08-30}}</ref> The English word derives from the [[Latin]] {{lang|la|calculus}}, which originally meant a [[pebble]] (from Latin {{lang|la|calx}}), for instance the small stones used as a counters on an [[abacus]] ({{langx|la|abacus|link=no}}, {{langx|el|ἄβαξ|translit=abax|translit-std=ALA-LC}}). The abacus was an instrument used by Greeks and Romans for arithmetic calculations, preceding the [[slide-rule]] and the [[electronic calculator]], and consisted of perforated pebbles sliding on iron bars. |
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==Comparison to computation== |
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<!-- This is linked from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computation#History --> |
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Calculation is a prerequisite for [[computation]].<ref>[http://science.jrank.org/pages/7536/Calculation-Computation.html Jrank.org]</ref> The difference in the meaning of ''calculation'' and ''computation'' appears to originate from the late medieval period.<ref>[http://science.jrank.org/pages/8509/Calculation-Computation-Premodern-Early-Modern-Non-Western.html Jrank.org]</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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[[Category:Elementary arithmetic]] |
[[Category:Elementary arithmetic]] |
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[[Category:Information]] |
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Latest revision as of 10:23, 15 November 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2019) |
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![{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{dividend}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{divisor}}}}\\[1ex]\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{numerator}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{denominator}}}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,}](https://wikimedia.org/enwiki/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5d5d22ff59234f0d437be740306e8dd905991e1e)
![{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\sqrt[{\text{degree}}]{\scriptstyle {\text{radicand}}}}\,=\,}](https://wikimedia.org/enwiki/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5582d567e7e7fbcdb728291770905e09beb0ea18)
A calculation is a deliberate mathematical process that transforms one or more inputs into one or more outputs or results. The term is used in a variety of senses, from the very definite arithmetical calculation of using an algorithm, to the vague heuristics of calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the chance of a successful relationship between two people.
For example, multiplying 7 by 6 is a simple algorithmic calculation. Extracting the square root or the cube root of a number using mathematical models is a more complex algorithmic calculation.
Statistical estimations of the likely election results from opinion polls also involve algorithmic calculations, but produces ranges of possibilities rather than exact answers.
To calculate means to determine mathematically in the case of a number or amount, or in the case of an abstract problem to deduce the answer using logic, reason or common sense.[1] The English word derives from the Latin calculus, which originally meant a pebble (from Latin calx), for instance the small stones used as a counters on an abacus (Latin: abacus, Greek: ἄβαξ, romanized: abax). The abacus was an instrument used by Greeks and Romans for arithmetic calculations, preceding the slide-rule and the electronic calculator, and consisted of perforated pebbles sliding on iron bars.
See also
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- Calculus (disambiguation) — list of general methods of calculation by application area
- Complexity class — theoretical notion to categorize calculability
- Cost accounting — business application of calculation
- List of algorithms — fully formalized, computer-executable methods of calculation
- Mental calculation — performing arithmetics using one's brain only
References
[edit]- ^ "calculate | Definition of calculate in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on August 31, 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
External links
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Look up calculation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- "The Lifting of the Veil in the Operations of Calculation" is a manuscript, from the 18th-century, in Arabic, by Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi, about calculation processes
