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The '''Yorkshire Dales''' are a series of valleys, or [[Dale (landform)|dales]], in the [[Pennines]], an [[Highland|upland]] range in England. They are mostly located in the [[Ceremonial counties of England|ceremonial county]] of [[North Yorkshire]], but extend into [[Cumbria]] and [[Lancashire]]; they are entirely within the [[Historic counties of England|historic boundaries]] of [[Yorkshire]]. The majority of the dales are within the [[Yorkshire Dales National Park]], created in 1954.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yorkshire Dales Area |url=http://www.yorkshire.com/places/yorkshire-dales |access-date=25 April 2013 |website=Yorkshire.com}}</ref> The exception is the area around [[Nidderdale]], which forms the separate [[Nidderdale AONB|Nidderdale]] [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]].
The '''Yorkshire Dales''' are a series of valleys, or [[Dale (landform)|dales]], in the [[Pennines]], an [[Highland|upland]] range in England. They are mostly located in the [[Ceremonial counties of England|ceremonial county]] of [[North Yorkshire]], but extend into [[Cumbria]] and [[Lancashire]]; they are entirely within the [[Historic counties of England|historic boundaries]] of [[Yorkshire]]. The majority of the dales are within the [[Yorkshire Dales National Park]], created in 1954.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yorkshire Dales Area |url=http://www.yorkshire.com/places/yorkshire-dales |access-date=25 April 2013 |website=Yorkshire.com}}</ref> The exception is the area around [[Nidderdale]], which forms the separate [[Nidderdale AONB|Nidderdale]] [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]].


The landscape of the Yorkshire Dales consists of sheltered [[glacial valley]]s, separated by exposed [[moorland]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=England |first=Natural |title=National Character Area Profile: 21. Yorkshire Dales – NE399 |url=https://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/4674002 |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Natural England |pages=3, 9 }}</ref> The predominant rock is [[Carboniferous Limestone]], which is particularly visible in the south-west in features such as [[Malham Cove]]. It is overlain in many areas by the [[Yoredale Series]] of alternating weak shales and hard limestones and sandstones, which give the dales their characteristic 'stepped' appearance.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/02/YDNP-LCA-Overview-Report-lo-res-2.pdf |title=Landscape Character Assessment |publisher=Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority |year=2020 |pages=6–7}}</ref> Most of the dales contain rivers, and the area contains seven primary [[Drainage basin|catchments]]: the [[River Swale|Swale]], [[River Ure|Ure]], [[River Wharfe|Wharfe]], [[River Aire|Aire]], [[River Nidd|Nidd]], [[River Ribble|Ribble]], and [[River Lune|Lune]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rivers and streams |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/about/wildlife/habitats/freshwater/rivers-and-streams/ |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref> There are several notable [[cave]] systems in the area, including the longest system in the United Kingdom, the [[Three Counties System|Three Counties]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Caving |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/adventure-activities/caving/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref>
The landscape of the Yorkshire Dales consists of sheltered [[glacial valley]]s separated by exposed [[moorland]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=England |first=Natural |title=National Character Area Profile: 21. Yorkshire Dales – NE399 |url=https://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/4674002 |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Natural England |pages=3, 9 }}</ref> The predominant rock is [[Carboniferous Limestone]], which is particularly visible in the south-west in features such as [[Malham Cove]]. It is overlain in many areas by the [[Yoredale Series]] of alternating weak shales and hard limestones and sandstones, which give the dales their characteristic 'stepped' appearance.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/02/YDNP-LCA-Overview-Report-lo-res-2.pdf |title=Landscape Character Assessment |publisher=Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority |year=2020 |pages=6–7}}</ref> Most of the dales contain rivers, and the area contains seven primary [[Drainage basin|catchments]]: the [[River Swale|Swale]], [[River Ure|Ure]], [[River Wharfe|Wharfe]], [[River Aire|Aire]], [[River Nidd|Nidd]], [[River Ribble|Ribble]], and [[River Lune|Lune]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rivers and streams |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/about/wildlife/habitats/freshwater/rivers-and-streams/ |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref> There are several notable [[cave]] systems in the area, including the longest system in the United Kingdom, the [[Three Counties System|Three Counties]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Caving |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/adventure-activities/caving/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref>


Agriculture and other land management has significantly affected the appearance of the Dales, through the creation of pastures and meadows for livestock grazing and moorland for [[red grouse]] shooting. [[Dry stone]] walls and [[field barn]]s are characteristic of the valley floors, particularly [[Wensleydale]] and [[Swaledale]] in the north.<ref name=":0" /> [[Wensleydale cheese]] is a particularly famous product from the region.<ref name=":0" /> The dales are popular for hiking, and are crossed by the [[Dales Way]], [[Pennine Way]], and [[Coast to Coast Walk|Coast to Coast]] [[Long distance footpath|long-distance footpaths]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Walking |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/walking/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Long distance routes |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/walking/long-distance/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref> The [[Yorkshire Three Peaks]] is a walking trail entirely within the area which takes in its three highest mountains: [[Ingleborough]] ({{convert|723|m|ft|abbr=on}}), [[Whernside]] ({{convert|736|m|ft|abbr=on}}), and [[Pen-y-ghent]] ({{convert|694|m|ft|abbr=on}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge |url=https://www.threepeakschallenge.uk/yorkshire-three-peaks-challenge/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge}}</ref> The extensive cave systems are a major area for caving in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/visit-the-dales/get-outdoors-dales/adventure-activities/caving|date=1 March 2016 |publisher=Yorkshire Dales |title=Get Outdoors|access-date=12 January 2019 |quote=There are over 2500 known caves in the Dales including the longest system in Britain}}</ref>
Agriculture and other land management has significantly affected the appearance of the Dales, through the creation of pastures and meadows for livestock grazing and moorland for [[red grouse]] shooting. [[Dry stone]] walls and [[field barn]]s are characteristic of the valley floors, particularly [[Wensleydale]] and [[Swaledale]] in the north.<ref name=":0" /> [[Wensleydale cheese]] is a particularly famous product from the region.<ref name=":0" /> The dales are popular for hiking, and are crossed by the [[Dales Way]], [[Pennine Way]], and [[Coast to Coast Walk|Coast to Coast]] [[Long distance footpath|long-distance footpaths]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Walking |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/walking/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Long distance routes |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/walking/long-distance/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref> The [[Yorkshire Three Peaks]] is a walking trail entirely within the area which takes in its three highest mountains: [[Ingleborough]] ({{convert|723|m|ft|abbr=on}}), [[Whernside]] ({{convert|736|m|ft|abbr=on}}), and [[Pen-y-ghent]] ({{convert|694|m|ft|abbr=on}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge |url=https://www.threepeakschallenge.uk/yorkshire-three-peaks-challenge/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge}}</ref> The extensive cave systems are a major area for caving in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/visit-the-dales/get-outdoors-dales/adventure-activities/caving|date=1 March 2016 |publisher=Yorkshire Dales |title=Get Outdoors|access-date=12 January 2019 |quote=There are over 2500 known caves in the Dales including the longest system in Britain}}</ref>
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The lower reaches of Airedale and Wharfedale are not usually included in the area, and [[Calderdale]], south of [[Airedale]] and in the South Pennines, is not often considered part of the Dales (even though it is a dale, is in Yorkshire, and its upper reaches are as scenic and rural as many further north).<ref>{{cite web|title=The Dales – Yorkshire Dales|url=http://www.yorkshiredales.co.uk/the-dales/|website=yorkshiredales.co.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref> Additionally, although the National Park includes the Howgill Fells and Orton Fells,<ref>{{cite web |last=Pidd |first=Helen |date=1 August 2016 |title=Yorkshire Dales expand into Lancashire in national parks land grab |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/01/yorkshire-dales-expand-lancashire-national-parks-extension-leck-fell |access-date=20 January 2019 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> they are not usually considered part of the Dales.
The lower reaches of Airedale and Wharfedale are not usually included in the area, and [[Calderdale]], south of [[Airedale]] and in the South Pennines, is not often considered part of the Dales (even though it is a dale, is in Yorkshire, and its upper reaches are as scenic and rural as many further north).<ref>{{cite web|title=The Dales – Yorkshire Dales|url=http://www.yorkshiredales.co.uk/the-dales/|website=yorkshiredales.co.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref> Additionally, although the National Park includes the Howgill Fells and Orton Fells,<ref>{{cite web |last=Pidd |first=Helen |date=1 August 2016 |title=Yorkshire Dales expand into Lancashire in national parks land grab |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/01/yorkshire-dales-expand-lancashire-national-parks-extension-leck-fell |access-date=20 January 2019 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> they are not usually considered part of the Dales.
[[File:Yorkshire Dales (near Malham).jpg|thumb|A view near [[Malham]], on the [[Pennine Bridleway]]]]
[[File:Yorkshire Dales (near Malham).jpg|thumb|A view near [[Malham]], on the [[Pennine Bridleway]]]]
Most of the larger southern dales – Ribblesdale, Malhamdale and Airedale, Wharfedale and Nidderdale – run roughly parallel from north to south. The more northerly dales – Wensleydale and [[Swaledale]] – run generally from west to east.{{sfn|NE 21|2013|p=25}} There are many other smaller or lesser-known dales such as [[Arkengarthdale]], [[Bishopdale, North Yorkshire|Bishopdale]], Clapdale, [[Coverdale (dale)|Coverdale]], [[Kingsdale]], [[Littondale]], [[Langstrothdale]], [[Raydale]] [[Waldendale]] and the [[Washburn Valley]] whose tributary streams and rivers feed into the larger valleys, and [[Barbondale]], [[Dentdale]], [[Deepdale]] and [[Garsdale]] which feed west to the [[River Lune]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chrystal|first1=Paul|title=The Place Names of Yorkshire; Cities, Towns, Villages, Rivers and Dales, some Pubs too, in Praise of Yorkshire Ales|date=2017|publisher=Stenlake|location=Catrine|isbn=9781840337532|pages=102–104|edition=1}}</ref>
Most of the larger southern dales – Ribblesdale, Malhamdale and Airedale, Wharfedale and Nidderdale – run roughly parallel from north to south. The more northerly dales – Wensleydale and [[Swaledale]] – run generally from west to east.{{sfn|NE 21|2013|p=25}} There are many other smaller or lesser-known dales such as [[Arkengarthdale]], [[Bishopdale, North Yorkshire|Bishopdale]], Clapdale, [[Coverdale (dale)|Coverdale]], [[Kingsdale]], [[Littondale]], [[Langstrothdale]], [[Raydale]] [[Waldendale]] and the [[Washburn Valley]] whose tributary streams and rivers feed into the larger valleys, and [[Barbondale]], [[Dentdale]], [[Deepdale, North Yorkshire|Deepdale]] and [[Garsdale]] which feed west to the [[River Lune]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chrystal|first1=Paul|title=The Place Names of Yorkshire; Cities, Towns, Villages, Rivers and Dales, some Pubs too, in Praise of Yorkshire Ales|date=2017|publisher=Stenlake|location=Catrine|isbn=9781840337532|pages=102–104|edition=1}}</ref>


The characteristic scenery of the Dales is green upland pastures separated by [[dry-stone wall]]s and grazed by sheep and cattle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Managing the environment {{!}} Conflicts of land use {{!}} Limestone landscapes {{!}} Geology of Britain {{!}} British Geological Survey (BGS)|url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/limestoneLandscapes/resourcesConflictsSustainability/managingEnvironment.html|website=bgs.ac.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref> A survey carried out in 1988 estimated that there were just over {{convert|8000|km|order=flip|0}} of dry-stone walling in the Yorkshire Dales.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lloyd |first1=Chris |title=A dale, from wall to hall |work=Darlington & Stockton Times |issue=49–2018 |date=7 December 2018 |page=35|issn=2516-5348}}</ref> Many upland areas consist of heather moorland, used for [[driven grouse shooting|grouse shooting]] from 12 August (the [[Glorious Twelfth]]).<ref>{{cite news|title=Warning volleys fired as war of words erupts over grouse shoot|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/environment/warning-volleys-fired-as-war-of-words-erupts-over-grouse-shoot-1-8699083|access-date=10 April 2018|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=12 August 2017}}</ref>
The characteristic scenery of the Dales is green upland pastures separated by [[dry-stone wall]]s and grazed by sheep and cattle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Managing the environment {{!}} Conflicts of land use {{!}} Limestone landscapes {{!}} Geology of Britain {{!}} British Geological Survey (BGS)|url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/limestoneLandscapes/resourcesConflictsSustainability/managingEnvironment.html|website=bgs.ac.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref> A survey carried out in 1988 estimated that there were just over {{convert|8000|km|order=flip|0}} of dry-stone walling in the Yorkshire Dales.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lloyd |first1=Chris |title=A dale, from wall to hall |work=Darlington & Stockton Times |issue=49–2018 |date=7 December 2018 |page=35|issn=2516-5348}}</ref> Many upland areas consist of heather moorland, used for [[driven grouse shooting|grouse shooting]] from 12 August (the [[Glorious Twelfth]]).<ref>{{cite news|title=Warning volleys fired as war of words erupts over grouse shoot|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/environment/warning-volleys-fired-as-war-of-words-erupts-over-grouse-shoot-1-8699083|access-date=10 April 2018|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=12 August 2017}}</ref>
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==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Dry stone fences in the Yorkshire Dales, England.jpg|Dry stone fences in the Yorkshire Dales
Dry stone fences in the Yorkshire Dales, England.jpg|Dry stone walls in the Yorkshire Dales
High Barn - geograph.org.uk - 168529.jpg|Typical Dales barn, near [[Selside, North Yorkshire|Selside]]
High Barn - geograph.org.uk - 168529.jpg|Typical Dales barn, near [[Selside, North Yorkshire|Selside]]
Janet's Foss 2.jpg|Janet's Foss, near [[Malham]]
Janet's Foss 2.jpg|Janet's Foss, near [[Malham]]

Latest revision as of 11:11, 15 November 2024

Swaledale

The Yorkshire Dales are a series of valleys, or dales, in the Pennines, an upland range in England. They are mostly located in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, but extend into Cumbria and Lancashire; they are entirely within the historic boundaries of Yorkshire. The majority of the dales are within the Yorkshire Dales National Park, created in 1954.[1] The exception is the area around Nidderdale, which forms the separate Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The landscape of the Yorkshire Dales consists of sheltered glacial valleys separated by exposed moorland.[2] The predominant rock is Carboniferous Limestone, which is particularly visible in the south-west in features such as Malham Cove. It is overlain in many areas by the Yoredale Series of alternating weak shales and hard limestones and sandstones, which give the dales their characteristic 'stepped' appearance.[3] Most of the dales contain rivers, and the area contains seven primary catchments: the Swale, Ure, Wharfe, Aire, Nidd, Ribble, and Lune.[4] There are several notable cave systems in the area, including the longest system in the United Kingdom, the Three Counties.[5]

Agriculture and other land management has significantly affected the appearance of the Dales, through the creation of pastures and meadows for livestock grazing and moorland for red grouse shooting. Dry stone walls and field barns are characteristic of the valley floors, particularly Wensleydale and Swaledale in the north.[2] Wensleydale cheese is a particularly famous product from the region.[2] The dales are popular for hiking, and are crossed by the Dales Way, Pennine Way, and Coast to Coast long-distance footpaths.[6][7] The Yorkshire Three Peaks is a walking trail entirely within the area which takes in its three highest mountains: Ingleborough (723 m (2,372 ft)), Whernside (736 m (2,415 ft)), and Pen-y-ghent (694 m (2,277 ft)).[8] The extensive cave systems are a major area for caving in the UK.[9]

Etymology

[edit]

The word dale, like dell, is derived from the Old English word dæl. It has cognates in the Nordic/Germanic words for valley (dal, tal), and occurs in valley names across Yorkshire and Northern England.[10] Usage here may have been reinforced by Nordic languages during the time of the Danelaw.[11]

Most of the dales are named after their river or stream (e.g., Arkengarthdale, formed by Arkle Beck). The best-known exception is Wensleydale, which is named after the small village and former market town of Wensley, rather than the River Ure, although an older name for the dale is Yoredale.[12] River valleys all over Yorkshire are called "(name of river)+dale"—but only the more northern valleys (and only the upper, rural, reaches) are included in the term "The Dales".[13]

Geography

[edit]
See also: List of Yorkshire Dales

The Yorkshire Dales are surrounded by the North Pennines and Orton Fells in the north, the Vales of York and Mowbray in the east, the South Pennines in the south, and the Lake District and Howgill Fells to the west. They spread to the north from the market and spa towns of Settle, Skipton, and Harrogate in North Yorkshire, to the southern boundary in Wharfedale and Airedale. Natural England define the area as most of the Yorkshire Dales National Park with fringes of the Nidderdale AONB, but without the towns listed above apart from Settle.[14]

The lower reaches of Airedale and Wharfedale are not usually included in the area, and Calderdale, south of Airedale and in the South Pennines, is not often considered part of the Dales (even though it is a dale, is in Yorkshire, and its upper reaches are as scenic and rural as many further north).[15] Additionally, although the National Park includes the Howgill Fells and Orton Fells,[16] they are not usually considered part of the Dales.

A view near Malham, on the Pennine Bridleway

Most of the larger southern dales – Ribblesdale, Malhamdale and Airedale, Wharfedale and Nidderdale – run roughly parallel from north to south. The more northerly dales – Wensleydale and Swaledale – run generally from west to east.[17] There are many other smaller or lesser-known dales such as Arkengarthdale, Bishopdale, Clapdale, Coverdale, Kingsdale, Littondale, Langstrothdale, Raydale Waldendale and the Washburn Valley whose tributary streams and rivers feed into the larger valleys, and Barbondale, Dentdale, Deepdale and Garsdale which feed west to the River Lune.[18]

The characteristic scenery of the Dales is green upland pastures separated by dry-stone walls and grazed by sheep and cattle.[19] A survey carried out in 1988 estimated that there were just over 4,971 miles (8,000 km) of dry-stone walling in the Yorkshire Dales.[20] Many upland areas consist of heather moorland, used for grouse shooting from 12 August (the Glorious Twelfth).[21]

Cultural aspects

[edit]
A typical village (Gunnerside) in the Swaledale agricultural area of the Yorkshire Dales
Tourists approaching a field barn in Muker

Much of the rural area is used for agriculture, with residents living in small villages and hamlets or in farmsteads. Miles of dry-stone walls and much of the traditional architecture have remained,[22] including some field barns, though many are no longer in active use. Breeding of sheep and rearing of cattle remain common.[23] To supplement their incomes, many farmers have diversified, with some providing accommodations for tourists.[24] A number of agricultural shows are held each year.[25]

Lead mining was common in some areas of the Dales in the 19th century, particularly during 1821 to 1861, and some industrial remains can still be found, such as the Grassington miners' cottages.[26] Certain former mining sites are maintained by Historic England. The Grassington Moor Lead Mining Trail, with its many remaining structures,[27] has received funding from a variety of sources. The Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority provides a mobile-device software app for those who wish to explore the relevant areas.[28]

Tourism

[edit]

In this primarily agricultural area, tourism has become an important contributor to the economy.[29] In 2016, there were 3.8 million visits to the Yorkshire Dales National Park including 0.48 million who stayed at least one night. The park authority estimates that this contributed £252 million to the economy and provided 3,583 full-time equivalent jobs. The wider Yorkshire Dales area received 9.7 million visitors who contributed £644 million to the economy.[30]

A traditional pub with rooms to let in Hawes, in the Dales of North Yorkshire

Visitors are often attracted by the hiking trails,[31] including some that lead to waterfalls[32] and picturesque villages and small towns. These include Kirkby Lonsdale (just outside the area), Hawes, Appletreewick, Masham, Clapham, Long Preston and Malham.[33]

The 73-mile-long (117 km) Settle–Carlisle line railway, operated by Network Rail, runs through the National Park using tunnels and viaducts, including Ribblehead.[34]

A small section of Aysgarth Falls

The top-rated attractions according to travellers using the Trip Advisor site include Aysgarth Falls, Malham Cove (scenic walking areas), Ingleborough (hiking trails) and Ribblehead Viaduct.[35]

The DalesBus service provides service in the Dales on certain days in summer, "including the Yorkshire Dales National Park and Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty". In summer, these buses supplement the other services operating year-round in the Dales.[36][37]

Tourism in the region declined because of restrictions implemented in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and into 2021. Later in 2021, the volume of visits was expected to increase as a result of the 2020 TV series All Creatures Great and Small, largely filmed within the Dales.[38] The first series aired in the UK in September 2020 and in the US in early 2021. One source stated that visits to Yorkshire websites had increased significantly by late September 2020.[39] By early 2021, the Discover England websites, for example, were using the tagline "Discover 'All Creatures Great and Small' in Yorkshire".[40]

Geology

[edit]
Main article: Geology of Yorkshire Dales National Park
Cliffs of Carboniferous Limestone are a common geological feature in the Yorkshire Dales; this panoramic image shows the western face of Thwaites Scars taken from Long Lane.

The dales are U- and V-shaped valleys, the former enlarged and shaped by glaciers, mainly in the most recent Devensian ice age.[41] The underlying rock is mainly Carboniferous Limestone, which results in a large areas of karst topography,[14] in places overlain with shale and sandstone and topped with Millstone Grit,[42] although to the north and west of the Dent Fault[43] the hills are formed from older Silurian and Ordovician rocks.[44][45]

Cave systems

[edit]
Gaping Gill

The underlying limestone in parts of the Dales has extensive cave systems, including the 54-mile-long (87 km) Three Counties System, making it a major area for caving in the UK. There are over 2500 known caves;[46] some are open to the public for tours.[47] Visitors can try caving at one of the show caves: White Scar Cave, Ingleborough Cave or Stump Cross Caverns near Greenhow.[48]

The systems include:

[edit]
  • Dry stone walls in the Yorkshire Dales
    Dry stone walls in the Yorkshire Dales
  • Typical Dales barn, near Selside
    Typical Dales barn, near Selside
  • Janet's Foss, near Malham
    Janet's Foss, near Malham
  • Ingleborough as seen from the peat bog below
    Ingleborough as seen from the peat bog below

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Yorkshire Dales Area". Yorkshire.com. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  2. ^ a b c England, Natural. "National Character Area Profile: 21. Yorkshire Dales – NE399". Natural England. pp. 3, 9. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  3. ^ Landscape Character Assessment (PDF). Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority. 2020. pp. 6–7.
  4. ^ "Rivers and streams". Yorkshire Dales National Park. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  5. ^ "Caving". Yorkshire Dales National Park. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  6. ^ "Walking". Yorkshire Dales National Park. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  7. ^ "Long distance routes". Yorkshire Dales National Park. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  8. ^ "Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge". Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  9. ^ "Get Outdoors". Yorkshire Dales. 1 March 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2019. There are over 2500 known caves in the Dales including the longest system in Britain
  10. ^ Ekwall, Eilert (1960). The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names (4 ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 138. ISBN 0-19-869103-3.
  11. ^ Booth, Michael (2015). "Introduction". The Almost Nearly Perfect People (1 ed.). London: Vintage Books. p. 9. ISBN 9780099546078.
  12. ^ Rhea, Nicholas (5 November 2010). "Why call it Wensleydale?". Darlington and Stockton Times. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  13. ^ "Yorkshire Dales guide – where, how and what". yorkshiredales.net. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  14. ^ a b NE 21 2013, p. 3.
  15. ^ "The Dales – Yorkshire Dales". yorkshiredales.co.uk. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  16. ^ Pidd, Helen (1 August 2016). "Yorkshire Dales expand into Lancashire in national parks land grab". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  17. ^ NE 21 2013, p. 25.
  18. ^ Chrystal, Paul (2017). The Place Names of Yorkshire; Cities, Towns, Villages, Rivers and Dales, some Pubs too, in Praise of Yorkshire Ales (1 ed.). Catrine: Stenlake. pp. 102–104. ISBN 9781840337532.
  19. ^ "Managing the environment | Conflicts of land use | Limestone landscapes | Geology of Britain | British Geological Survey (BGS)". bgs.ac.uk. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  20. ^ Lloyd, Chris (7 December 2018). "A dale, from wall to hall". Darlington & Stockton Times. No. 49–2018. p. 35. ISSN 2516-5348.
  21. ^ "Warning volleys fired as war of words erupts over grouse shoot". The Yorkshire Post. 12 August 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  22. ^ "Yorkshire Dales, Northern England – landscape and history". Yorkshire Net. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  23. ^ "Yorkshire Dales National Park – Special qualities of the Yorkshire Dales National Park". Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  24. ^ "Higher Geography – Yorkshire Dales – agriculture". BBC Bitesize. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  25. ^ "Yorkshire Agricultural Shows Guide". Yorkshire Net. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
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Sources

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yorkshire Dales.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Yorkshire Dales.


54°16′N 2°05′W / 54.267°N 2.083°W / 54.267; -2.083

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