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{{Short description|Swedish prince (1861–1951)}}
{{For|other Swedish Princes with the name Carl|Prince Carl of Sweden (disambiguation)}}
{{For|other Swedish Princes with the name Carl|Prince Carl of Sweden (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| image = Carl of Sweden (1861) 1929.jpg
| image = Prins Carl, Hertig av Västergötland (ca. 1930).jpg
| image_size =
| image_size = 250 px
| caption = Photograph of Prince Carl, {{circa|1929}}
| caption = Photograph of Prince Carl, {{circa|1930}}
| name = Prince Carl
| name = Prince Carl
| title = [[Duke of Västergötland]]
| title = [[Duke of Västergötland]]
| full name = Oscar Carl Wilhelm
| full name = Oscar Carl Wilhelm
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1861|2|27|df=yes}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1861|2|27|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Arvfurstens palats]], [[Stockholm]], Sweden
| birth_place = [[Arvfurstens palats]], Stockholm, Sweden
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1951|10|24|1861|2|27|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1951|10|24|1861|2|27|df=y}}
| death_place = Stockholm, Sweden
| death_place = Stockholm, Sweden
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}}
}}
'''Prince Carl of Sweden and Norway, Duke of [[Västergötland]]''' (27 February 1861 – 24 October 1951) was a Swedish prince. Through his daughters, for whom he arranged excellent dynastic marriages, he is an ancestor of several members of European royal houses today, including the reigning monarchs [[King Harald V of Norway]], [[King Philippe of Belgium]], and [[Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg]].
'''Prince Carl of Sweden and Norway, Duke of Västergötland''' (27 February 1861 – 24 October 1951) was a Swedish prince. Through his daughters [[Princess Märtha of Sweden|Märtha]] and [[Astrid of Sweden|Astrid]], for whom he arranged dynastic marriages, he is an ancestor of current members of the [[Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg]], [[Belgian royal family]] and [[Norwegian royal family]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
[[Image:Carl, Duke of Västergötland as a boy.jpg|thumb|left|Prince Carl of Sweden and Norway as a child, 1869]]
[[Image:Carl, Duke of Västergötland as a boy.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Prince Carl of Sweden and Norway as a child, 1869]]
[[Image:Oscar II of Sweden and his son Carl, Duke of Västergötland.jpg|thumb|upright|King [[Oscar II of Sweden]] and his son Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland, 1879]]
⚫
Carl was the third son and child of King [[Oscar II of Sweden|Oscar II]] of [[Sweden]]-[[Norway]] by his wife, [[Sophia of Nassau]]. He was known as "the Blue Prince" (''Blå Prinsen'') because he often wore the blue-coloured uniform of the Life Regiment, to which he belonged in a ceremonial manner.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/blå-prinsen |title=Blå prinsen |lang=Swedish |trans-title=Blue Prince |website=[[Nationalencyklopedin]]}}</ref>
Prince Carl was born on {{Birth date|1861|2|27|df=yes}} at his parents' residence in the [[Arvfurstens palats]] (''Palace of the Hereditary Prince''), an 18th century palace located at [[Gustav Adolfs torg, Stockholm|Gustav Adolfs Torg]] in central [[Stockholm]]. Born into the [[House of Bernadotte]], he was the third son and child of the then [[Oscar II of Sweden|Prince Oscar]] and [[Sophia of Nassau|Princess Sophia]]. His father was the younger brother and [[heir presumptive]] of the reigning king of [[Union between Sweden and Norway|Sweden-Norway]], the sonless [[Charles XV of Sweden|King Charles XV]], and his mother was the youngest daughter of [[Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau]]. Upon the death of Charles XV on 18 September 1872, Carl's father ascended the Swedish and Norwegian thrones as King Oscar II.

⚫
[[Image:Prince Carl of Sweden, 1861-1951 (J David, 1894).jpg|thumb|Equestrian portrait of the Duke of Västergötland by [[Jules David (photographer)|Jules David]], 1894]]
⚫
Carl was known as "the Blue Prince" (''Blå Prinsen'') because he often wore the blue-coloured uniform of the Life Regiment, to which he belonged in a ceremonial manner.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/blå-prinsen |title=Blå prinsen |lang=Swedish |trans-title=Blue Prince |website=[[Nationalencyklopedin]]}}</ref>


==Marriage and children==
==Marriage and children==
[[Image:Oscar II of Sweden and his son Carl, Duke of Västergötland.jpg|thumb|upright|King [[Oscar II of Sweden]] and his son Carl, Duke of Västergötland, 1879]]
[[Image:Prins Carl & prinsessan Ingeborg av Danmark. Gifta 1897. Carl och Ingeborg fick tre döttrar, Margaretha, Märtha och Astrid.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Princess Ingeborg of Denmark|Princess Ingeborg]] and Prince Carl in 1897.]]
⚫
In May 1897, Prince Carl was engaged at the age of 36 to the 18-year-old [[Princess Ingeborg of Denmark]], the second daughter of [[Frederik VIII of Denmark|King Frederik VIII of Denmark]]. Ingeborg's mother, [[Louise of Sweden]], was a first cousin of Prince Carl, and they were, therefore, first cousins once-removed. The [[Arranged marriage|engagement was arranged]], and in 1947, on the occasion of their 50th wedding anniversary, Carl admitted that their marriage had been completely arranged by their respective fathers, and Ingeborg herself added : "I married a complete stranger!"
⚫
[[Image:Prince Carl of Sweden, 1861-1951 (J David, 1894).jpg|thumb|upright|Equestrian portrait of the Duke of Västergötland by [[Jules David (photographer)|Jules David]], 1894]]
⚫
In May 1897, Prince Carl was engaged to [[Princess Ingeborg of Denmark]], the second daughter of [[Frederick VIII of Denmark|King Frederick VIII of Denmark]]. Ingeborg's mother, [[Louise of Sweden]], was a first cousin of Prince Carl. Nevertheless, in 1947, on the occasion of their 50th wedding anniversary, Carl admitted that their marriage had been completely arranged by their respective fathers, and Ingeborg herself added : "I married a complete stranger!".


The couple were married on 27 August 1897 at [[Christiansborg Palace]] in [[Copenhagen]] and spent their wedding trip (honeymoon) in [[Germany]]. The couple had four children:
The couple were married on 27 August 1897 at the [[Christiansborg Palace Chapel|chapel]] of [[Christiansborg Palace]] in Copenhagen and spent their wedding trip (honeymoon) in Germany. The couple had four children:


# [[Princess Margaretha of Sweden|Margaretha]] (1899–1977), who married [[Prince Axel of Denmark]]
# [[Princess Margaretha of Sweden|Margaretha]] (1899–1977), who married [[Prince Axel of Denmark]]
# [[Princess Märtha of Sweden|Märtha]] (1901–1954), wife of [[Olav V of Norway|Crown Prince Olav]] of Norway and mother of [[Harald V of Norway]]
# [[Princess Märtha of Sweden|Märtha]] (1901–1954), wife of [[Olav V of Norway|Crown Prince Olav]] of Norway and mother of [[Harald V of Norway]]
# [[Astrid of Sweden|Astrid]] (1905–1935), wife of [[Leopold III of Belgium]] and mother of kings [[Baudouin of Belgium|Baudouin]] and [[Albert II of Belgium|Albert II]] of [[Belgium]], as also of [[Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium|Grand Duchess Joséphine Charlotte]] of [[Luxembourg]].
# [[Astrid of Sweden|Astrid]] (1905–1935), wife of [[Leopold III of Belgium]] and mother of kings [[Baudouin of Belgium|Baudouin]] and [[Albert II of Belgium|Albert II]] of [[Belgium]], as well as [[Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium|Grand Duchess Joséphine Charlotte]] of [[Luxembourg]].
# [[Prince Carl Bernadotte|Carl, Duke of Östergötland]], known as ''Carl Jr.'', later ''[[Prince Bernadotte]]'' (1911–2003).
# [[Prince Carl Bernadotte|Carl, Duke of Östergötland]], known as ''Carl Jr.'', later ''[[Prince Bernadotte]]'' (1911–2003).


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==Candidate for the Norwegian throne==
==Candidate for the Norwegian throne==
In 1905, during the political struggle in which [[Norway]] obtained its independence from [[Sweden]], Prince Carl was seriously considered as a candidate for the [[Monarchy of Norway|Norwegian crown]]. It was thought that electing a Swedish prince as king was a less radical way for Norway to secede from the union, and hence a more peaceful approach. Carl was chosen because his eldest brother would inherit the Swedish throne, and his second brother had renounced his royal status to make an unsuitable marriage. However, Carl's father King [[Oscar II of Sweden]] did not approve of the proposal, as he saw the whole "riot" which precipitated the Norwegian crisis as a conspiracy and a betrayal against his rights as [[King of Norway]], and he did not want any of his sons to be involved with people who he considered his enemies. Therefore, Prince Carl never became King of Norway. Instead, [[Haakon VII of Norway|Prince Carl of Denmark]] was elected after some diplomatic turbulence, taking the name Haakon VII. As history turned out however, Prince Carl's daughter, [[Princess Märtha of Sweden|Princess Märtha]], married Haakon VII's son, the later King [[Olav V]]. The present King [[Harald V of Norway]] is hence a grandchild of Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland.
In 1905, during the political struggle in which [[Norway]] obtained its independence from Sweden, Prince Carl was seriously considered as a candidate for the [[Monarchy of Norway|Norwegian crown]]. It was thought that electing a Swedish prince as king was a less radical way for Norway to secede from the union, and hence a more peaceful approach. Carl was chosen because his eldest brother would inherit the Swedish throne, and his second brother had renounced his royal status to make an unsuitable marriage. However, Carl's father King [[Oscar II of Sweden]] did not approve of the proposal, as he saw the whole "riot" which precipitated the Norwegian crisis as a conspiracy and a betrayal against his rights as [[King of Norway]], and he did not want any of his sons to be involved with people whom he considered his enemies. Therefore, Prince Carl never became King of Norway. Instead, another Prince Carl – [[Haakon VII of Norway|Prince Carl of Denmark]] – brother of Ingeborg, was elected after some diplomatic turbulence, taking the name Haakon VII. As history turned out however, the Duke of Västergötland's daughter, [[Princess Märtha of Sweden|Princess Märtha]], married Haakon VII's son, who later became King [[Olav V]]. Hence, the present King, [[Harald V of Norway]], is a grandchild of the duke.


==Legacy==
==Descendants==
Prince Carl has the distinction of being a grandfather of three reigning European monarchs: King [[Harald V]] of Norway (son of his daughter, [[Princess Märtha of Sweden|Princess Märtha]]), the late King [[Baudouin of the Belgians]] and his brother, King [[Albert II of the Belgians]] (sons of his daughter, [[Princess Astrid of Sweden|Princess Astrid]]). He is also a great-grandfather of King [[Philippe of the Belgians]] and Grand Duke [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Henri of Luxembourg]].
Prince Carl has the distinction of being a grandfather of three reigning European monarchs: King [[Harald V]] of Norway (son of his daughter, [[Princess Märtha of Sweden|Princess Märtha]]), the late King [[Baudouin of the Belgians]] and his brother, King [[Albert II of the Belgians]] (sons of his daughter, [[Princess Astrid of Sweden|Princess Astrid]]). He is also a great-grandfather of King [[Philippe of the Belgians]] and Grand Duke [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Henri of Luxembourg]].


==Honours==
==Honours==
;National honours<ref name="472 (Sveriges statskalender / 1876)">{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1876|page=472|url=http://runeberg.org/sonkal/1876/0508.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2018-01-06|language=sv}}</ref>
;National honours<ref name="472 (Sveriges statskalender / 1876)">{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1876|page=472|url=https://runeberg.org/sonkal/1876/0508.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2018-01-06|language=sv}}</ref>
* [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight and Commander of the Seraphim]], ''27 February 1861''
* [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight and Commander of the Seraphim]], ''27 February 1861''
* Knight of the [[Order of Charles XIII]], ''27 February 1861''
* Knight of the [[Order of Charles XIII]], ''27 February 1861''
* [[Order of the Sword|Commander Grand Cross of the Sword]], ''27 February 1861''
* [[Order of the Sword|Commander Grand Cross of the Sword]], ''27 February 1861''
* [[Order of the Polar Star|Commander Grand Cross of the Polar Star]], ''27 February 1861''
* [[Order of the Polar Star|Commander Grand Cross of the Polar Star]], ''27 February 1861''
* Commander Grand Cross of the [[Order of Vasa]], ''28 April 1892''<ref name="935 (Sveriges statskalender / 1925)">{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1925|page=935|url=http://runeberg.org/statskal/1925/0941.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2018-01-06|language=sv}}</ref>
* Commander Grand Cross of the [[Order of Vasa]], ''28 April 1892''<ref name="935 (Sveriges statskalender / 1925)">{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1925|page=935|url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1925/0941.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2018-01-06|language=sv}}</ref>
* Honorary Member of the [[Order of Saint John in Sweden|Johanniter Order]]<ref name="6 (Sveriges statskalender / 1950)">{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1950|volume=2|page=6|url=http://runeberg.org/statskal/1950bih/0006.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2018-01-06|language=sv}}</ref>
* Honorary Member of the [[Order of Saint John in Sweden|Johanniter Order]]<ref name="6 (Sveriges statskalender / 1950)">{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1950|volume=2|page=6|url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1950bih/0006.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2018-01-06|language=sv}}</ref>


;Foreign honours<ref name="6 (Sveriges statskalender / 1950)"/>
;Foreign honours<ref name="6 (Sveriges statskalender / 1950)"/>
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* {{flag|Austria}}: Grand Cross of the [[Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria]]
* {{flag|Austria}}: Grand Cross of the [[Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria]]
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]]
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]]
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Bulgaria}} [[Bulgarian Royal Family]]: [[Order of St. Alexander|Grand Cross of St. Alexander]], ''1921''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-3K-2-123-160-Recipients_of_the_Bulgarian_Order_of_Saint_Alexander,_1912-1935.JPG|title = Български: Азбучник на ордена "Свети Александър", 1912-1935 г., XIII том}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Bulgaria}} [[Bulgarian Royal Family]]: [[Order of St. Alexander|Grand Cross of St. Alexander]], ''1921''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-3K-2-123-160-Recipients_of_the_Bulgarian_Order_of_Saint_Alexander,_1912-1935.JPG|title = Български: Азбучник на ордена "Свети Александър", 1912–1935 г., XIII том}}</ref>
* {{flag|Estonia}}: [[Order of the Estonian Red Cross|Order of the Red Cross]], 1st Class
* {{flag|Estonia}}: [[Order of the Estonian Red Cross|Order of the Red Cross]], 1st Class
* {{flag|Finland}}: [[Order of the Cross of Liberty|Grand Cross of the Cross of Liberty]], ''1 October 1918''<ref>{{cite book|author=Tom C. Bergroth|title=Vapaudenristin ritarikunta: Isänmaan puolesta|year=1997|publisher=Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö|language=fi|isbn =951-0-22037-X|page=65}}</ref>
* {{flag|Finland}}: [[Order of the Cross of Liberty|Grand Cross of the Cross of Liberty]], ''1 October 1918''<ref>{{cite book|author=Tom C. Bergroth|title=Vapaudenristin ritarikunta: Isänmaan puolesta|year=1997|publisher=Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö|language=fi|isbn =951-0-22037-X|page=65}}</ref>
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* {{flagicon|Greece|royal}} [[Greek Royal Family]]: [[Order of the Redeemer|Grand Cross of the Redeemer]]
* {{flagicon|Greece|royal}} [[Greek Royal Family]]: [[Order of the Redeemer|Grand Cross of the Redeemer]]
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Hungary|1885}} [[House of Habsburg-Lorraine|Hungarian Royal Family]]: Grand Cross of the [[Order of St. Stephen of Hungary|Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen]], ''1885''<ref>[http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm "A Szent István Rend tagjai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Hungary|1885}} [[House of Habsburg-Lorraine|Hungarian Royal Family]]: Grand Cross of the [[Order of St. Stephen of Hungary|Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen]], ''1885''<ref>[http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm "A Szent István Rend tagjai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[House of Savoy|Italian Royal Family]]: [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knight of the Annunciation]], ''5 July 1913''<ref name="dell'interno1920">{{cite book|author=Italy. Ministero dell'interno|title=Calendario generale del regno d'Italia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KU1TIJPtKx0C&pg=PR3|year=1920|page=[https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=KU1TIJPtKx0C&pg=PA58 58]}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[House of Savoy|Italian Royal Family]]: [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knight of the Annunciation]], ''5 July 1913''<ref name="dell'interno1920">{{cite book|author=Italy. Ministero dell'interno|title=Calendario generale del regno d'Italia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KU1TIJPtKx0C&pg=PR3|year=1920|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=KU1TIJPtKx0C&pg=PA58 58]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Denmark}}:<ref name="DanskStatskalender">{{cite book |year=1944 |orig-year=1st pub.:1801 |editor1-last=Bille-Hansen |editor1-first=A. C. |editor2-last=Holck |editor2-first=Harald |title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1944 |trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1944 |url=https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/918033.pdf#page=34 |format=PDF |series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender |language=da |location=Copenhagen |publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri |page=16 |access-date=4 May 2020 |via=[[:da:DIS Danmark]]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Denmark}}:<ref name="DanskStatskalender">{{cite book |year=1944 |orig-year=1st pub.:1801 |editor1-last=Bille-Hansen |editor1-first=A. C. |editor2-last=Holck |editor2-first=Harald |title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1944 |trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1944 |url=https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/918033.pdf#page=34 |format=PDF |series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender |language=da |location=Copenhagen |publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri |page=16 |access-date=4 May 2020 |via=[[:da:DIS Danmark]]}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Elephant|Knight of the Elephant]], ''31 August 1883''
** [[Order of the Elephant|Knight of the Elephant]], ''31 August 1883''
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*** Knight of the [[Order of Berthold the First]], ''1881''
*** Knight of the [[Order of Berthold the First]], ''1881''
** {{flagicon|Nassau}} [[Duchy of Nassau|Nassau Ducal Family]]: [[Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau|Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau]]
** {{flagicon|Nassau}} [[Duchy of Nassau|Nassau Ducal Family]]: [[Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau|Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau]]
** {{flagicon|Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}} Saxe-Weimar Grand Ducal Family: [[Order of the White Falcon|Grand Cross of the White Falcon]], ''1881''<ref>''[https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00185861/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_16_0245.tif Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach]'' (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16</ref>
** {{flagicon|Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}} Saxe-Weimar Grand Ducal Family: [[Order of the White Falcon|Grand Cross of the White Falcon]], ''1881''<ref>''[https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00185861/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_16_0245.tif Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906150133/https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00185861/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_16_0245.tif |date=2020-09-06 }}'' (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16</ref>
* {{flag|Latvia}}: [[Order of the Three Stars|Commander Grand Cross of the Three Stars]]
* {{flag|Latvia}}: [[Order of the Three Stars|Commander Grand Cross of the Three Stars]]
* {{flag|Monaco}}: [[Order of Saint-Charles|Grand Cross of St. Charles]], ''5 August 1884''<ref>[https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b12776f268af807bafbbbb40933524c6.pdf Sovereign Ordonnance of 5 August 1884]</ref>
* {{flag|Monaco}}: [[Order of Saint-Charles|Grand Cross of St. Charles]], ''5 August 1884''<ref>[https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b12776f268af807bafbbbb40933524c6.pdf Sovereign Ordonnance of 5 August 1884]</ref>
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** [[Order of Saint Anna|Knight of St. Anna]], 1st Class
** [[Order of Saint Anna|Knight of St. Anna]], 1st Class
** [[Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)|Knight of St. Stanislaus]], 1st Class
** [[Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)|Knight of St. Stanislaus]], 1st Class
* {{flagicon|Thailand|1855}} [[Siam]]: Knight of the [[Order of the Royal House of Chakri]], ''13 July 1897''<ref name="Stockholm">{{cite journal |author=Royal Thai Government Gazette |author-link=Royal Thai Government Gazette |date=9 March 1898 |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2441/049/523_3.PDF |title=พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ ทีประเทศยุโรป|language=th |access-date=2019-05-08 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Thailand|1855}} [[Siam]]: Knight of the [[Order of the Royal House of Chakri]], ''13 July 1897''<ref name="Stockholm">{{cite journal |author=Royal Thai Government Gazette |author-link=Royal Thai Government Gazette |date=9 March 1898 |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2441/049/523_3.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215715/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2441/049/523_3.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |title=พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ ทีประเทศยุโรป|language=th |access-date=2019-05-08 }}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}: Honorary Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]], ''18 April 1904''<ref>[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27669/page/2581 ''The London Gazette''], issue 27669, p. 2581</ref>
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}: Honorary Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]], ''18 April 1904''<ref>[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27669/page/2581 ''The London Gazette''], issue 27669, p. 2581</ref>
}}
}}
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[[Category:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword]]
[[Category:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Charles XIII]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Charles XIII]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Vasa]]
[[Category:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of the Norwegian Lion]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of the Norwegian Lion]]
[[Category:Recipients of the King Haakon VII Freedom Cross]]
[[Category:Recipients of the King Haakon VII Freedom Cross]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
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[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Cross of Liberty]]

Latest revision as of 16:53, 15 November 2024

For other Swedish Princes with the name Carl, see Prince Carl of Sweden (disambiguation).
Prince Carl
Duke of Västergötland
Photograph of Prince Carl, c. 1930
Born(1861-02-27)27 February 1861
Arvfurstens palats, Stockholm, Sweden
Died24 October 1951(1951-10-24) (aged 90)
Stockholm, Sweden
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1897)​
Issue
Names
Oscar Carl Wilhelm
HouseBernadotte
FatherOscar II of Sweden
MotherSophia of Nassau

Prince Carl of Sweden and Norway, Duke of Västergötland (27 February 1861 – 24 October 1951) was a Swedish prince. Through his daughters Märtha and Astrid, for whom he arranged dynastic marriages, he is an ancestor of current members of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg, Belgian royal family and Norwegian royal family.

Early life

[edit]
Prince Carl of Sweden and Norway as a child, 1869
King Oscar II of Sweden and his son Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland, 1879

Prince Carl was born on (1861-02-27)27 February 1861 at his parents' residence in the Arvfurstens palats (Palace of the Hereditary Prince), an 18th century palace located at Gustav Adolfs Torg in central Stockholm. Born into the House of Bernadotte, he was the third son and child of the then Prince Oscar and Princess Sophia. His father was the younger brother and heir presumptive of the reigning king of Sweden-Norway, the sonless King Charles XV, and his mother was the youngest daughter of Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau. Upon the death of Charles XV on 18 September 1872, Carl's father ascended the Swedish and Norwegian thrones as King Oscar II.

Equestrian portrait of the Duke of Västergötland by Jules David, 1894

Carl was known as "the Blue Prince" (Blå Prinsen) because he often wore the blue-coloured uniform of the Life Regiment, to which he belonged in a ceremonial manner.[1]

Marriage and children

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Princess Ingeborg and Prince Carl in 1897.

In May 1897, Prince Carl was engaged at the age of 36 to the 18-year-old Princess Ingeborg of Denmark, the second daughter of King Frederik VIII of Denmark. Ingeborg's mother, Louise of Sweden, was a first cousin of Prince Carl, and they were, therefore, first cousins once-removed. The engagement was arranged, and in 1947, on the occasion of their 50th wedding anniversary, Carl admitted that their marriage had been completely arranged by their respective fathers, and Ingeborg herself added : "I married a complete stranger!"

The couple were married on 27 August 1897 at the chapel of Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen and spent their wedding trip (honeymoon) in Germany. The couple had four children:

  1. Margaretha (1899–1977), who married Prince Axel of Denmark
  2. Märtha (1901–1954), wife of Crown Prince Olav of Norway and mother of Harald V of Norway
  3. Astrid (1905–1935), wife of Leopold III of Belgium and mother of kings Baudouin and Albert II of Belgium, as well as Grand Duchess Joséphine Charlotte of Luxembourg.
  4. Carl, Duke of Östergötland, known as Carl Jr., later Prince Bernadotte (1911–2003).

All of Carl's children grew up to be healthy adults. While all three daughters made dynastic marriages that were encouraged by their parents, and became the matriarchs of their own successful families, the couple's only son gave up his (highly improbable) chance of succeeding to the throne to marry a noblewoman.

Candidate for the Norwegian throne

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In 1905, during the political struggle in which Norway obtained its independence from Sweden, Prince Carl was seriously considered as a candidate for the Norwegian crown. It was thought that electing a Swedish prince as king was a less radical way for Norway to secede from the union, and hence a more peaceful approach. Carl was chosen because his eldest brother would inherit the Swedish throne, and his second brother had renounced his royal status to make an unsuitable marriage. However, Carl's father King Oscar II of Sweden did not approve of the proposal, as he saw the whole "riot" which precipitated the Norwegian crisis as a conspiracy and a betrayal against his rights as King of Norway, and he did not want any of his sons to be involved with people whom he considered his enemies. Therefore, Prince Carl never became King of Norway. Instead, another Prince Carl – Prince Carl of Denmark – brother of Ingeborg, was elected after some diplomatic turbulence, taking the name Haakon VII. As history turned out however, the Duke of Västergötland's daughter, Princess Märtha, married Haakon VII's son, who later became King Olav V. Hence, the present King, Harald V of Norway, is a grandchild of the duke.

Descendants

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Prince Carl has the distinction of being a grandfather of three reigning European monarchs: King Harald V of Norway (son of his daughter, Princess Märtha), the late King Baudouin of the Belgians and his brother, King Albert II of the Belgians (sons of his daughter, Princess Astrid). He is also a great-grandfather of King Philippe of the Belgians and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg.

Honours

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National honours[2]
Foreign honours[4]

Arms

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Ancestry

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ "Blå prinsen" [Blue Prince]. Nationalencyklopedin (in Swedish).
  2. ^ a b Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1876, p. 472, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org
  3. ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1925, p. 935, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org
  4. ^ a b Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), vol. 2, 1950, p. 6, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org
  5. ^ "The Order of the Norwegian Lion", The Royal House of Norway. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  6. ^ "Български: Азбучник на ордена "Свети Александър", 1912–1935 г., XIII том".
  7. ^ Tom C. Bergroth (1997). Vapaudenristin ritarikunta: Isänmaan puolesta (in Finnish). Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö. p. 65. ISBN 951-0-22037-X.
  8. ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Italy. Ministero dell'interno (1920). Calendario generale del regno d'Italia. p. 58.
  10. ^ Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1944) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1944 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1944] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 16. Retrieved 4 May 2020 – via da:DIS Danmark.
  11. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1896), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 62, 76
  12. ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach Archived 2020-09-06 at the Wayback Machine (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16
  13. ^ Sovereign Ordonnance of 5 August 1884
  14. ^ Royal Thai Government Gazette (9 March 1898). "พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ ทีประเทศยุโรป" (PDF) (in Thai). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved 2019-05-08. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. ^ The London Gazette, issue 27669, p. 2581

Bibliography

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  • Bomann-Larsen, Tor: Folket – Haakon & Maud II (2004; in Norwegian)
  • Bramsen, Bo (1992). Huset Glücksborg. Europas svigerfader og hans efterslægt [The House of Glücksburg. The Father-in-law of Europe and his descendants] (in Danish) (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: Forlaget Forum. ISBN 87-553-1843-6.
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Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland
Born: 27 February 1861 Died: 24 October 1951
Swedish royalty
New title Duke of Västergötland
1861–1951 		Vacant
Title next held by
Victoria
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