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{{short description|Study of faeces}}
{{For|the Coil album|Scatology (album)}}
{{For|the Coil album|Scatology (album)}}{{distinguish|Eschatology}}
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{{Refimprove|date=July 2009}}
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In [[medicine]] and [[biology]], '''scatology''' or '''coprology''' is the study of [[faeces]].


Scatological studies allow one to determine a wide range of biological information about a creature, including its [[diet (nutrition)|diet]] (and thus [[habitat (ecology)|where it has been]]), [[health]] and [[disease]]s such as [[tapeworms]].
⚫
In [[medicine]] and [[biology]], '''scatology''' or '''coprology''' is the study of [[feces]].


⚫
A comprehensive study of scatology was documented by [[John Gregory Bourke]] under the title ''{{sic|hide=y|Scat|alogic}} Rites of All Nations'' (1891), with a 1913 German translation including a foreword by [[Sigmund Freud]]. An abbreviated version of the work was published as ''The Portable Scatalog'' in 1994.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kaplan | first = Louis P. | author-link = Sigmund Freud | title = The Portable Scatalog | publisher = William Morrow and Company | date = 1994 | location = New York | isbn = 0-688-13206-5}}</ref>
⚫
Scatological studies allow one to determine a wide range of biological information about a creature, including its [[diet (nutrition)|diet]] (and thus [[habitat (ecology)|where it has been]]), [[health]] and [[disease]]s such as [[tapeworms]]. The word derives from the [[Greek language|Greek]] {{lang|grc|σκῶρ}} ({{small|[[Genitive case|GEN]]}} {{lang|grc|σκατός}}) meaning "dung, feces"; ''coprology'' derives from the Greek {{lang|grc|κόπρος}} of similar meaning.<ref>{{LSJ|skw{{=}}r|σκῶρ}}, {{LSJ|ko/pros|κόπρος|ref}}.</ref><ref>{{OEtymD|scatology}}</ref><ref>{{OEtymD|copro-}}</ref>


== Etymology ==
⚫
A comprehensive study of scatology was documented by [[John Gregory Bourke]] under the title ''{{sic|hide=y|Scat|alogic}} Rites of All Nations'' (1891). An abbreviated version of the work (with a foreword by [[Sigmund Freud]]), was published as ''The Portable Scatalog'' in 1994.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kaplan | first = Louis P. | authorlink = Sigmund Freud | title = The Portable Scatalog | publisher = William Morrow and Company | date = 1994 | location = New York | isbn = 0-688-13206-5}}</ref>
⚫
The word derives from the [[Greek language|Greek]] {{lang|grc|σκῶρ}} ({{small|[[Genitive case|GEN]]}} {{lang|grc|σκατός}}) meaning "dung, feces"; ''coprology'' derives from the Greek {{lang|grc|κόπρος}} of similar meaning.<ref>{{LSJ|skw{{=}}r|σκῶρ}}, {{LSJ|ko/pros|κόπρος|ref}}.</ref><ref>{{OEtymD|scatology}}</ref><ref>{{OEtymD|copro-}}</ref>


==Psychology==
== Psychology ==
In [[psychology]], a scatology is an obsession with [[excretion]] or [[excrement]], or the study of such obsessions.
In [[psychology]], a scatology is an obsession with [[excretion]] or [[excrement]], or the study of such obsessions.


⚫
In [[sexual fetishism]], scatology or scatophilia (usually abbreviated ''scat'') refers to [[coprophilia]], when someone is [[sexual arousal|sexually aroused]] by fecal matter, whether in the use of feces in various sexual acts, watching someone [[defecation|defecating]], or simply seeing the feces. Entire subcultures in sexuality are devoted to this fetish.{{cn|date=September 2017}}
==Sexual fetish==
⚫
In [[sexual fetishism]], scatology (usually abbreviated ''scat'') refers to [[coprophilia]], when a person is [[sexual arousal|sexually aroused]] by fecal matter, whether in the use of feces in various sexual acts, watching someone [[defecation|defecating]], or simply seeing the feces. Entire subcultures in sexuality are devoted to this fetish.{{cn|date=September 2017}}


==Literature==
== Literature ==
In [[literature]], "scatological" is a term to denote the literary [[Trope (literature)|trope]] of the [[grotesque body]]. It is used to describe works that make particular reference to excretion or excrement, as well as to [[toilet humour|toilet humor]]. A common example is [[John Dryden]]'s ''[[Mac Flecknoe]]'', a poem that employs extensive scatological imagery to ridicule Dryden's contemporary [[Thomas Shadwell]]. In German literature in particular is a wealth of scatological texts and references, which includes such books as [[Collofino]]'s ''Non Olet''.<ref>{{cite book | last = Dundes | first = Alan | authorlink = |author2=Carl R. Pagter | title = Work hard and you shall be rewarded: urban folklore from the paperwork empire | publisher =[[Wayne State University Press]] | date = 1992 | pages = 75–80 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cFvY2jWqBlQC&q=strong+anal+component | isbn = 978-0-8143-2432-5}}</ref> A case which has provoked an unusual amount of comment in the academic literature is [[Mozart and scatology|Mozart's scatological humour]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} Smith, in his review of English literature's representations of scatology from the Middle Ages to the 18th century, notes two attitudes towards scatology. One of these emphasises the merry and the carnivalesque. This is found in [[Geoffrey Chaucer|Chaucer]] and [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]. The other attitude is one of self-disgust and misanthropy. This is found in the works of the [[John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester|Earl of Rochester]] and [[Jonathan Swift]].<ref>Smith (2012)</ref>
In [[literature]], "scatological" is a term to denote the literary [[Trope (literature)|trope]] of the [[grotesque body]]. It is used to describe works that make particular reference to excretion or excrement, as well as to [[toilet humour|toilet humor]]. Well known for his scatological tropes is the late medieval fictional character of [[Till Eulenspiegel]]. Another common example is [[John Dryden]]'s ''[[Mac Flecknoe]]'', a poem that employs extensive scatological imagery to ridicule Dryden's contemporary [[Thomas Shadwell]]. German literature is particularly rich in scatological texts and references, including such books as [[Collofino]]'s ''Non Olet''.<ref>{{cite book | last = Dundes | first = Alan |author2=Carl R. Pagter | title = Work hard and you shall be rewarded: urban folklore from the paperwork empire | publisher =[[Wayne State University Press]] | date = 1992 | pages = 75–80 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cFvY2jWqBlQC&q=strong+anal+component | isbn = 978-0-8143-2432-5}}</ref> A case which has provoked an unusual amount of comment in the academic literature is [[Mozart and scatology|Mozart's scatological humour]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} Smith, in his review of English literature's representations of scatology from the Middle Ages to the 18th century, notes two attitudes towards scatology. One of these emphasises the merry and the carnivalesque. This is found in [[Geoffrey Chaucer|Chaucer]] and [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]. The other attitude is one of self-disgust and misanthropy. This is found in the works of the [[John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester|Earl of Rochester]] and [[Jonathan Swift]].<ref>Smith (2012)</ref>


==See also==
== See also ==
{{Wiktionary|scatology|coprology}}
{{Wiktionary|scatology|coprology}}
* [[Coprolite]]
* [[Coprolite]] – fossilized faeces
* [[Coprophilia]]
* [[Coprophilia]] – faeces fetish
* [[Stool sample]] – sample of faeces for studying
* [[Urolagnia]] – urination fetish
* [[Urolagnia]] – urination fetish


==Sources==
== Sources ==
* [[Bakhtin, Mikhail]], ''[[Rabelais and His World]]''.
* [[Bakhtin, Mikhail]], ''[[Rabelais and His World]]''.
*Lewin, Ralph, ''Merde: excursions in scientific, cultural and socio-historical coprology''. [[Random House]], 1999. {{ISBN|0-375-50198-3}}.
* Lewin, Ralph, ''Merde: excursions in scientific, cultural and socio-historical coprology''. [[Random House]], 1999. {{ISBN|0-375-50198-3}}.
*Susan Gubar, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3173290 The Female Monster in Augustan Satire]." ''Signs'' 3.2 (Winter, 1977): 380-394.
* Susan Gubar, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3173290 The Female Monster in Augustan Satire]." ''Signs'' 3.2 (Winter, 1977): 380–394.
*Jae Num Lee, ''Swift and Scatological Satire''. [[University of New Mexico Press]], 1971. {{ISBN|0-8263-0196-7}}.
* Jae Num Lee, ''Swift and Scatological Satire''. [[University of New Mexico Press]], 1971. {{ISBN|0-8263-0196-7}}.
*Smith, Peter J. (2012) Between Two Stools: Scatology and its Representation in English Literature, Chaucer to Swift, [[Manchester University Press]]<ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/books/between-two-stools-scatology-and-its-representation-in-english-literature-chaucer-to-swift-by-peter-j-smith/421341.article David Palumbo, David (2012) Review of Between Two Stools: Scatology and its Representation in English Literature, Chaucer to Swift, by Peter J. Smith, ''Times Higher Education'' Oct 4, 2012] (Accessed Nov 2015)</ref>
* Smith, Peter J. (2012) Between Two Stools: Scatology and its Representation in English Literature, Chaucer to Swift, [[Manchester University Press]]<ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/books/between-two-stools-scatology-and-its-representation-in-english-literature-chaucer-to-swift-by-peter-j-smith/421341.article David Palumbo, David (2012) Review of Between Two Stools: Scatology and its Representation in English Literature, Chaucer to Swift, by Peter J. Smith, ''Times Higher Education'' Oct 4, 2012] (Accessed Nov 2015)</ref>
⚫
* {{cite book

==Further reading==
⚫
*{{cite book
| last = Henderson
| last = Henderson
| first = Jeffrey
| first = Jeffrey
| authorlink =
| title = The Maculate Muse: Obscene Language in Attic Comedy
| title = The Maculate Muse: Obscene Language in Attic Comedy
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
| date = 1991
| date = 1991
| location =
| pages =
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aBsR2BEuAq0C
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aBsR2BEuAq0C
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = 0-19-506685-5}}
| isbn = 0-19-506685-5}}


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


Latest revision as of 19:28, 15 November 2024

For the Coil album, see Scatology (album).
Not to be confused with Eschatology.

In medicine and biology, scatology or coprology is the study of faeces.

Scatological studies allow one to determine a wide range of biological information about a creature, including its diet (and thus where it has been), health and diseases such as tapeworms.

A comprehensive study of scatology was documented by John Gregory Bourke under the title Scatalogic Rites of All Nations (1891), with a 1913 German translation including a foreword by Sigmund Freud. An abbreviated version of the work was published as The Portable Scatalog in 1994.[1]

Etymology

[edit]

The word derives from the Greek σκῶρ (GEN σκατός) meaning "dung, feces"; coprology derives from the Greek κόπρος of similar meaning.[2][3][4]

Psychology

[edit]

In psychology, a scatology is an obsession with excretion or excrement, or the study of such obsessions.

In sexual fetishism, scatology or scatophilia (usually abbreviated scat) refers to coprophilia, when someone is sexually aroused by fecal matter, whether in the use of feces in various sexual acts, watching someone defecating, or simply seeing the feces. Entire subcultures in sexuality are devoted to this fetish.[citation needed]

Literature

[edit]

In literature, "scatological" is a term to denote the literary trope of the grotesque body. It is used to describe works that make particular reference to excretion or excrement, as well as to toilet humor. Well known for his scatological tropes is the late medieval fictional character of Till Eulenspiegel. Another common example is John Dryden's Mac Flecknoe, a poem that employs extensive scatological imagery to ridicule Dryden's contemporary Thomas Shadwell. German literature is particularly rich in scatological texts and references, including such books as Collofino's Non Olet.[5] A case which has provoked an unusual amount of comment in the academic literature is Mozart's scatological humour.[citation needed] Smith, in his review of English literature's representations of scatology from the Middle Ages to the 18th century, notes two attitudes towards scatology. One of these emphasises the merry and the carnivalesque. This is found in Chaucer and Shakespeare. The other attitude is one of self-disgust and misanthropy. This is found in the works of the Earl of Rochester and Jonathan Swift.[6]

See also

[edit]
Look up scatology or coprology in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Sources

[edit]
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail, Rabelais and His World.
  • Lewin, Ralph, Merde: excursions in scientific, cultural and socio-historical coprology. Random House, 1999. ISBN 0-375-50198-3.
  • Susan Gubar, "The Female Monster in Augustan Satire." Signs 3.2 (Winter, 1977): 380–394.
  • Jae Num Lee, Swift and Scatological Satire. University of New Mexico Press, 1971. ISBN 0-8263-0196-7.
  • Smith, Peter J. (2012) Between Two Stools: Scatology and its Representation in English Literature, Chaucer to Swift, Manchester University Press[7]
  • Henderson, Jeffrey (1991). The Maculate Muse: Obscene Language in Attic Comedy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506685-5.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kaplan, Louis P. (1994). The Portable Scatalog. New York: William Morrow and Company. ISBN 0-688-13206-5.
  2. ^ σκῶρ, κόπρος. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
  3. ^ Harper, Douglas. "scatology". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  4. ^ Harper, Douglas. "copro-". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  5. ^ Dundes, Alan; Carl R. Pagter (1992). Work hard and you shall be rewarded: urban folklore from the paperwork empire. Wayne State University Press. pp. 75–80. ISBN 978-0-8143-2432-5.
  6. ^ Smith (2012)
  7. ^ David Palumbo, David (2012) Review of Between Two Stools: Scatology and its Representation in English Literature, Chaucer to Swift, by Peter J. Smith, Times Higher Education Oct 4, 2012 (Accessed Nov 2015)
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