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A tehsil (Hindustani pronunciation: [tɛɦsiːl], also known as tahsil, taluk, or taluka) is a local unit of administrative division in India and Pakistan. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administrative centre, with possible additional towns, and usually a number of villages.^[1] The terms in India have replaced earlier terms, such as pargana (pergunnah) and thana.^[2]

In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, a newer unit called mandal (circle) has come to replace the tehsil system. It is generally smaller than a tehsil, and is meant for facilitating local self-government in the panchayat system.^[3] In West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, community development blocks are the empowered grassroots administrative unit, replacing tehsils.

Tehsil office is primarily tasked with land revenue administration, besides election and executive functions. It is the ultimate executive agency for land records and related administrative matters. The chief official is called the tehsildar or, less officially, the talukdar or taluka muktiarkar. Tehsil or taluk can be considered sub-districts in the Indian context. In some instances, tehsils overlap with "blocks" (panchayat union blocks or panchayat development blocks or cd blocks) and come under the land and revenue department, headed by the tehsildar; and blocks come under the rural development department, headed by the block development officer and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area.^[4]

Although they may on occasion share the same area with a subdivision of a revenue division, known as revenue blocks, the two are distinct. For example, Raipur district in Chhattisgarh state is administratively divided into 13 tehsils and 15 revenue blocks.^[5] Nevertheless, the two are often conflated.

Background

India, as a vast country, is subdivided into many states and union territories for administrative purposes. Further divisions of these states are known as districts. These districts (zila/zilla) are again divided into many subdivisions, viz tehsils or taluks. These subdivisions are again divided into gram panchayats or village panchayats.^[6] Initially, this was done for collecting land revenue and administration purposes. But now these subdivisions are governed in tandem with other departments of government like education, agriculture, irrigation, health, police, etc. The different departments of state government generally have offices at tehsil or taluk level to facilitate good governance and to provide facilities to common people easily.^{[citation needed]}

Nomenclature

In India, the term tehsil is commonly used in all northern states. In Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, taluka or taluk is more common.^[7] In Eastern India, instead of tehsils, the term Subdivision is used in Bihar, Assam, Jharkhand and West Bengal, as well as large parts of Northeast India (Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim and Tripura). In Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland, they are called circle.

Tehsil/tahsil and taluk/taluka and the variants are used as English words without further translation. Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the subcontinent, the word county has sometimes been provided as a gloss, on the basis that a tehsil, like a county, is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city, town, or village, but subordinate to a larger state or province. India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy (or more than one, at least in parts of India): the district, also sometimes translated as county. In neither case is the analogy very exact.

Organization setup

Tehsildar is the chief or key government officer of each tehsil or taluka.^[8] In some states different nomenclature like talukdar, mamledar, amaldar, mandal officer is used. In many states of India, the tehsildar functions as the executive magistrate of that tehsil. Each tehsil will have an office called tehsil office or tehsildar office at a designated place within tehsil area known as tehsil headquarters. Tehsildar is the incharge of tehsil office. This is similar to district office or district collector at district level.

Throughout India, there is a three-tier local body/Panchayat system within the state. At the top is the zila/zilla panchayat (parishad). Taluka/mandal panchayat/panchayat samiti/community development block is the second layer of this system and below them are the gram panchayats or village panchayats. These panchayats at all three levels have elected members from eligible voters of particular subdivisions. These elected members form the bodies which help the administration in policy-making, development works, and bringing grievances of the common public to the notice of the administration.

Nayabat is the lower part of tehsil which have some powers like tehsil. It can be understood as tehsil is the sub-district of a district, similarly, Nayabat is the sub-tehsil of a tehsil.^[9]

References

^ "tehsil". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020.
^ Dutt, Ashok K.; Noble, Allen G.; Costa, Frank J.; Thakur, Sudhir K.; Thakur, Rajiv; Sharma, Hari S. (15 October 2015). Spatial Diversity and Dynamics in Resources and Urban Development: Volume 1: Regional Resources. Springer. ISBN 9789401797719 – via Google Books.
^ Rajiv Balakrishnan (2007), Participatory Pathways: People's Participation in Development Initiatives, Pearson Education India, pp. 65–, ISBN 978-81-317-0034-1
^ Sharma, A. K. (2012). Population and Society. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. p. 53. ISBN 978-81-8069-818-7. The main purpose of the census is to provide data on size and composition of population of India and its geographic divisions, i.e., population of different states and union territories, districts, blocks and villages.
^ Rahman, Syed Amanur, ed. (2006). The Beautiful India: Chhatisgarh. New Delhi: Reference Press. p. 34]. ISBN 978-81-8405-017-2.
^ "class six civics pacnhayati raj". www.excellup.com.
^ "taluk". dictionary.com. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
^ "Notes On Rural Administration - Tamilnadu board Class 6 Civics". www.nextgurukul.in. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
^ "Complete List of New Administrative Units". Greater Kashmir. 14 March 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2020.

External links

2001 maps provides maps of social, economic and demographic data of India in 2001

[1] "tehsil". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020.

[2] Dutt, Ashok K.; Noble, Allen G.; Costa, Frank J.; Thakur, Sudhir K.; Thakur, Rajiv; Sharma, Hari S. (15 October 2015). Spatial Diversity and Dynamics in Resources and Urban Development: Volume 1: Regional Resources. Springer. ISBN 9789401797719 – via Google Books.

[Balakrishnan2007-3] Rajiv Balakrishnan (2007), Participatory Pathways: People's Participation in Development Initiatives, Pearson Education India, pp. 65–, ISBN 978-81-317-0034-1

[4] Sharma, A. K. (2012). Population and Society. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. p. 53. ISBN 978-81-8069-818-7. The main purpose of the census is to provide data on size and composition of population of India and its geographic divisions, i.e., population of different states and union territories, districts, blocks and villages.

[5] Rahman, Syed Amanur, ed. (2006). The Beautiful India: Chhatisgarh. New Delhi: Reference Press. p. 34]. ISBN 978-81-8405-017-2.

[6] "class six civics pacnhayati raj". www.excellup.com.

[7] "taluk". dictionary.com. Retrieved 27 October 2016.

[8] "Notes On Rural Administration - Tamilnadu board Class 6 Civics". www.nextgurukul.in. Retrieved 12 October 2021.

[9] "Complete List of New Administrative Units". Greater Kashmir. 14 March 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2020.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{short description|Administrative division in India and Pakistan}}
 {{redirect2|Taluk|Mandal||Taluk, Iran|and|Mandal (disambiguation)}}
-A '''tehsil''' ({{IPA-hi|təɦsiːl}}, also known as '''tahsil''', '''taluka''', or '''taluk''') is a local unit of [[administrative division]] in some [[South Asia|countries]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]] that is usually translated to "'''[[township]]'''".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bureau |first1=Our |title=Five satellite towns to decongest Bangalore |url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/five-satellite-towns-to-decongest-bangalore-106050301034_1.html |website=Business Standard India |access-date=12 October 2021 |date=3 May 2006}}</ref> It is a subdistrict of the area within a [[District#India|district]] including the designated [[city]], [[town]], [[hamlet (place)#India|hamlet]], or other [[human settlement|populated place]] that serves as its administrative centre, with possible additional towns, and usually a number of [[village#South_Asia|village]]s.<ref>{{Oxford Dictionaries|tehsil}}</ref> The terms in [[India]] have replaced earlier [[human geography|geographical]] terms, such as ''[[pargana]]'' (''[[pergunnah]]'') and ''[[thana]]''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WJrDCgAAQBAJ&q=Why+did+tehsil+replace+pargana&pg=PA343|title=Spatial Diversity and Dynamics in Resources and Urban Development: Volume 1: Regional Resources|first1=Ashok K.|last1=Dutt|first2=Allen G.|last2=Noble|first3=Frank J.|last3=Costa|first4=Sudhir K.|last4=Thakur|first5=Rajiv|last5=Thakur|first6=Hari S.|last6=Sharma|date=15 October 2015|publisher=Springer|isbn=9789401797719|via=Google Books}}</ref>
+A '''tehsil''' ({{IPA-hns|tɛɦsiːl}}, also known as '''tahsil''', '''taluk''', or '''taluka''') is a local unit of [[administrative division]] in India and [[Pakistan]]. It is a subdistrict of the area within a [[Zila (country subdivision)|district]] including the designated populated place that serves as its administrative centre, with possible additional towns, and usually a number of [[village#South Asia|village]]s.<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/tehsil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322190015/https://www.lexico.com/definition/tehsil |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 22, 2020 |title=tehsil |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> The terms in India have replaced earlier terms, such as ''[[pargana]]'' (''[[pergunnah]]'') and ''[[thana]]''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WJrDCgAAQBAJ&q=Why+did+tehsil+replace+pargana&pg=PA343|title=Spatial Diversity and Dynamics in Resources and Urban Development: Volume 1: Regional Resources|first1=Ashok K.|last1=Dutt|first2=Allen G.|last2=Noble|first3=Frank J.|last3=Costa|first4=Sudhir K.|last4=Thakur|first5=Rajiv|last5=Thakur|first6=Hari S.|last6=Sharma|date=15 October 2015|publisher=Springer|isbn=9789401797719|via=Google Books}}</ref>
-In [[List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] and [[List of mandals of Telangana|Telangana]], a newer unit called '''mandal''' (circle) has come to replace the system of tehsils. It is generally smaller than a tehsil, and is meant for facilitating local self-government in the '''panchayat''' system.<ref name="Balakrishnan2007">{{citation|author=Rajiv Balakrishnan|title=Participatory Pathways: People's Participation in Development Initiatives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Chvak7Vu9xYC&pg=PA65|year=2007|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-0034-1|pages=65–}}</ref> In West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, [[Community development block in India|community development blocks]] are the empowered grassroots administrative unit, replacing tehsils.
+In [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] and [[List of mandals in Telangana|Telangana]], a newer unit called '''mandal''' (circle) has come to replace the tehsil system. It is generally smaller than a tehsil, and is meant for facilitating local self-government in the [[panchayati raj in India|panchayat system]].<ref name="Balakrishnan2007">{{citation|author=Rajiv Balakrishnan|title=Participatory Pathways: People's Participation in Development Initiatives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Chvak7Vu9xYC&pg=PA65|year=2007|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-0034-1|pages=65–}}</ref> In [[West Bengal]], Bihar, Jharkhand, [[community development block]]s are the empowered grassroots administrative unit, replacing tehsils.
-As an entity of [[local government]], the tehsil office ([[panchayat samiti]]) exercises certain [[finance|fiscal]] and [[public administration|administrative]] power over the [[village]]s and [[municipality|municipalities]] within its jurisdiction. It is the ultimate executive agency for [[Deed|land records]] and related administrative matters. The chief official is called the ''[[tehsildar]]'' or, less officially, the ''talukdar'' or ''taluka muktiarkar''. Taluk or tehsil can be considered sub-districts in the Indian context. In some instances, tehsils overlap with "blocks" (panchayat union blocks or panchayat development blocks) and come under the land and revenue department, headed by tehsildar; and blocks come under the rural development department, headed by the block development officer and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sharma, A. K.|year=2012|title=Population and Society|location=New Delhi|publisher=Concept Publishing Company| page=53| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sE-VDhEuxmsC&pg=PA53|isbn=978-81-8069-818-7 | quote = The main purpose of the census is to provide data on size and composition of population of India and its geographic divisions, i.e., population of different states and union territories, districts, blocks and villages.}}</ref>
+Tehsil office is primarily tasked with land revenue administration, besides election and executive functions. It is the ultimate executive agency for [[Deed|land records]] and related administrative matters. The chief official is called the ''[[tehsildar]]'' or, less officially, the ''talukdar'' or ''taluka muktiarkar''. Tehsil or taluk can be considered sub-districts in the Indian context. In some instances, tehsils overlap with "[[Community development block|blocks]]" (panchayat union blocks or panchayat development blocks or cd blocks) and come under the land and revenue department, headed by the tehsildar; and blocks come under the [[rural development]] department, headed by the [[block development officer]] and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sharma, A. K.|year=2012|title=Population and Society|location=New Delhi|publisher=Concept Publishing Company| page=53| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sE-VDhEuxmsC&pg=PA53|isbn=978-81-8069-818-7 | quote = The main purpose of the census is to provide data on size and composition of population of India and its geographic divisions, i.e., population of different states and union territories, districts, blocks and villages.}}</ref>
 Although they may on occasion share the same area with a subdivision of a revenue division, known as [[revenue block]]s, the two are distinct. For example, [[Raipur district]] in Chhattisgarh state is administratively divided into 13 tehsils and 15 revenue blocks.<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Rahman, Syed Amanur|year=2006|title=The Beautiful India: Chhatisgarh|location=New Delhi|publisher=Reference Press|page=34]|isbn=978-81-8405-017-2}}</ref> Nevertheless, the two are often conflated.
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 ==Background==
-India, as a vast country, is subdivided into many states and union territories for administrative purposes. Further ''[[Administrative divisions of India|divisions]]'' of these states are known as [[districts]]. These districts (jilla/zilla) are again divided into many [[subdistrict|subdivisions]], viz tehsils or talukas. These subdivisions are again divided into [[grama panchayat|gram panchayats]] or village panchayaths.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.excellup.com/six_civics/6_civics_chapter_5.aspx|title=class six civics pacnhayati raj|website=www.excellup.com}}</ref> Initially, this was done for collecting land revenue and administration purposes. But now these subdivisions are governed in tandem with other departments of government like education, agriculture, irrigation, health, police, etc. The different departments of state government generally have offices at tehsil or taluka level to facilitate good governance and to provide facilities to common people easily.{{cn|date=July 2020}}
+India, as a vast country, is subdivided into many states and union territories for administrative purposes. Further ''[[Administrative divisions of India|divisions]]'' of these states are known as [[districts]]. These districts (zila/zilla) are again divided into many [[subdistrict|subdivisions]], viz tehsils or taluks. These subdivisions are again divided into [[gram panchayat]]s or village panchayats.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.excellup.com/six_civics/6_civics_chapter_5.aspx|title=class six civics pacnhayati raj|website=www.excellup.com}}</ref> Initially, this was done for collecting land revenue and administration purposes. But now these subdivisions are governed in tandem with other departments of government like education, agriculture, irrigation, health, police, etc. The different departments of state government generally have offices at tehsil or taluk level to facilitate good governance and to provide facilities to common people easily.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
 ==Nomenclature==
-In India, the term ''tehsil'' is commonly used in all northern states. In Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, ''taluka or taluk'' is more common.<ref>{{cite web|title=taluk|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/taluka|website=dictionary.com|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> In [[Eastern India]], instead of tehsils, the term [[Subdivisions of Bihar|'''Subdivisions''']] are used in [[Bihar]], [[Subdivisions of Assam|Assam]] and [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]], as well as large parts of [[Northeast India]]. In [[Arunachal Pradesh]], they are called ''circles''.
+In India, the term ''tehsil'' is commonly used in all [[North India|northern states]]. In [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Goa]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]], ''taluka or taluk'' is more common.<ref>{{cite web|title=taluk|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/taluka|website=dictionary.com|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> In [[Eastern India]], instead of tehsils, the term ''Subdivision'' is used in [[Bihar]], [[Assam]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[West Bengal]], as well as large parts of [[Northeast India]] ([[Manipur]], [[Meghalaya]], [[Mizoram]], [[Sikkim]] and [[Tripura]]). In [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Nagaland]], they are called ''circle''.
-Tehsil/tahsil and taluka/taluk and the variants are used as English words without further translation. Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the [[subcontinent]], the word ''[[county]]'' has sometimes been provided as a [[gloss (annotation)|gloss]], on the basis that a tehsil, like a county, is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city, town, or village, but subordinate to a larger state or province. India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy (or more than one, at least in parts of India): the [[District (India)|district]], also sometimes translated as ''county''. In neither case is the analogy very exact.
+Tehsil/tahsil and taluk/taluka and the variants are used as English words without further translation. Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the [[subcontinent]], the word ''[[county]]'' has sometimes been provided as a [[gloss (annotation)|gloss]], on the basis that a tehsil, like a county, is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city, town, or village, but subordinate to a larger state or province. India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy (or more than one, at least in parts of India): the [[District (India)|district]], also sometimes translated as ''county''. In neither case is the analogy very exact.
 ==Organization setup==
-Tehsildar is the chief or key government officer of each tehsil or taluka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Notes On Rural Administration - Tamilnadu board Class 6 Civics |url=https://www.nextgurukul.in/wiki/concept/tamilnadu/class-6/civics/the-local-government/rural-administration/3959574 |website=www.nextgurukul.in |access-date=12 October 2021}}</ref> In some states different nomenclature like talukdar, mamledar, amaldar, mandal officer is used. In many states of India, the tehsildar works as a magistrate. Each taluka will have an office called taluka office or tehsil office or tehsildar office at a designated place within taluka area known as taluka headquarters. Tehsildar is the incharge of taluka office. This is similar to district office or district collector at district level.
+[[Tehsildar]] is the chief or key government officer of each tehsil or taluka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Notes On Rural Administration - Tamilnadu board Class 6 Civics |url=https://www.nextgurukul.in/wiki/concept/tamilnadu/class-6/civics/the-local-government/rural-administration/3959574 |website=www.nextgurukul.in |access-date=12 October 2021}}</ref> In some states different nomenclature like talukdar, mamledar, amaldar, mandal officer is used. In many states of India, the tehsildar functions as the executive magistrate of that tehsil. Each tehsil will have an office called tehsil office or tehsildar office at a designated place within tehsil area known as tehsil headquarters. Tehsildar is the incharge of tehsil office. This is similar to district office or district collector at district level.
-Throughout India, there is a three-tier local body/[[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayati Raj]] system within the state. At the top is the jilla/zilla panchayat (parishad). Taluka/Mandal Panchayat/Community Development Block is the second layer of this system and below them are the [[gram panchayat]]s or village panchayats. These panchayats at all the three levels have elected members from eligible voters of particular subdivision. These elected members form the bodies which help the administration in policy making, development works and bringing grievances of the common public to the notice of administration.
+Throughout India, there is a three-tier local body/Panchayat system within the state. At the top is the zila/zilla panchayat (parishad). Taluka/mandal panchayat/panchayat samiti/community development block is the second layer of this system and below them are the gram panchayats or village panchayats. These panchayats at all three levels have elected members from eligible voters of particular subdivisions. These elected members form the bodies which help the administration in policy-making, development works, and bringing grievances of the common public to the notice of the administration.
-'''Nayabat''' is lower part of tehsil which have some powers like tehsil. It can be understood as tehsil is the sub district of a district, similarly Nayabat is the sub tehsil of a tehsil.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Complete List of New Administrative Units|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/more/news/complete-list-of-new-administrative-units/|date=14 March 2015|publisher=[[Greater Kashmir]]|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>
+'''Nayabat''' is the lower part of tehsil which have some powers like tehsil. It can be understood as tehsil is the sub-district of a district, similarly, Nayabat is the sub-tehsil of a tehsil.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Complete List of New Administrative Units|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/more/news/complete-list-of-new-administrative-units/|date=14 March 2015|publisher=[[Greater Kashmir]]|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>
 == See also ==
 * [[Administrative divisions of India]]
 ** [[List of subdistricts in India]]
-* [[Administrative_units_of_Pakistan#Tehsil|Tehsil in Pakistan]]
+* [[Administrative units of Pakistan#Tehsil|Tehsil in Pakistan]]
 ** [[List of tehsils in Pakistan]]
 * [[Taluqdar]], a land holder and tax collector
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 [[Category:Urdu-language words and phrases]]
 [[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]
-[[Category:Tehsils of India|*]]
+[[Category:Tehsil|*]]