Waco F series: Difference between revisions

Waco F series
	ex US Civilian Pilot Training Program 1941 Waco UPF-7
Role	open-cockpit biplane
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Waco Aircraft Company
Introduction	1930
Status	YMF-5 in production (2013)
Primary user	private pilot owners and training schools

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The Waco F series is a series of American-built general aviation and military biplane trainers of the 1930s from the Waco Aircraft Company.

Development

The Waco 'F' series of biplanes supplanted and then replaced the earlier 'O' series of 1927/33. The 'F' series had an airframe which was smaller and about 450 pounds (200 kg) lighter than the 'O' series, while continuing to provide accommodation for three persons in tandem open cockpits. A similar performance to the earlier model was obtained on the power of smaller and more economical engines.^[1]

The initial models were the INF (125 hp (93 kW) Kinner engine), KNF (100 hp (75 kW) Kinner) and the RNF (110 hp (82 kW) Warner Scarab), all of which had externally braced tailwheel undercarriages. Many further sub-models followed with more powerful engines of up to 225 hp (168 kW). The most powerful in the range was the ZPF of 1936/37, intended for executive use.

Operational history

The 'F' series was popular with private owner pilots for sporting and other uses and continued in production through the late 1930s. The tandem cockpit UPF-7 was adopted by the Civilian Pilot Training Program and continued in production until 1942 by which time over 600 had been built.^[2]

The 1934 model YMF was substantially redesigned with a longer and wider fuselage, larger rudder and other structural changes, and put into production in March 1986 by WACO Classic Aircraft of Lansing, Michigan as the YMF-5.^[1] Over 150 YMF-5s were completed as of 2017 with new examples being built to specific orders.^[3]^{[failed verification]}

The WACO Aircraft Company of Ohio Inc had built three replicas by December 2011, which they designated MF.^[4]

Considerable numbers of 'F' series biplanes, both original and newly built, remain in service.

Variants

Listed in approximate chronological order (per Simpson, 2001, p. 573) First letter of designation refers to engine installed. From 1936 Waco added year suffixes to designations—e.g. YPF-6, YPF-7, with the numeral being the last digit of the model year.

INF: 125 hp (93 kW) Kinner B-5, certified ATC# 345 on 2 August 1930.
KNF: 100 hp (75 kW) Kinner K-5, certified ATC# 313 on 12 April 1930.
RNF: 110 hp (82 kW) Warner Scarab, certified ATC# 311 on 7 April 1930.^[5]

PCF: 170 hp (130 kW) Jacobs LA-1 and new cross-braced undercarriage, PCF-2 certified ATC# 473 on 2 October 1931
PBF: as PCF with 'B' wings
QCF: 165 hp (123 kW) Continental A70, QCF-2 certified ATC# 416 on 9 April 1931
UBF: 210 hp (160 kW) Continental R-670

UMF: 210 hp (160 kW) Continental R-670A and longer and wider fuselage, and larger fin
YMF: 225 hp (168 kW) Jacobs L-4

YPF-6 and YPF-7: 225 hp (168 kW) Jacobs L-4
ZPF-6 and ZPF-7: 285 hp (213 kW) Jacobs L-5
UPF-7: tandem trainer with wide-track undercarriage and 220 hp (160 kW) Continental R-670 (designated PT-14 by the USAAC)

Waco Classic Aircraft replicas

YMF-5: 1986 design roughly based on the YMF, built by WACO Classic Aircraft
YMF-5D: 2009 improved YMF-5^[3]^[6]
YMF-5F: YMF-5 with Aerocet 3400 amphibious floats^[7]

Military designations

JW-1: Two UBF designated XJW-1 were used by the US Navy as hook trainers for the skyhook airship parasite aircraft program.^[8]
PT-14: USAAC/USAAF designation for UPF-7

Operators

Military operators

Guatemala

Guatemalan Air Force - At least 1 Waco YMF-7 received in 1934. Was still in airworthy condition in 1998.^[9]

United States

United States Army Air Corps - Adopted the UPF-7 as the PT-14, with one XPT-14 and 13 YPT-14s being purchased, with an additional UPF-7 impressed in 1942 as a PT-14A.^[10]
United States Navy^[11]

Specifications (UPF-7)

Data from The Aircraft of the World^[2]

General characteristics

Crew: 1
Capacity: 1 trainee or passenger
Length: 23 ft 1 in (7.04 m)
Wingspan: 30 ft 0 in (9.14 m)
Height: 8 ft 5 in (2.57 m)
Wing area: 244 sq ft (22.7 m²)
Empty weight: 1,870 lb (848 kg)
Gross weight: 2,650 lb (1,202 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Continental W-670-6A seven cylinder radial , 220 hp (160 kW)

Performance

Maximum speed: 128 mph (206 km/h, 111 kn)
Cruise speed: 114 mph (183 km/h, 99 kn)
Range: 400 mi (640 km, 350 nmi)
Service ceiling: 14,800 ft (4,500 m)
Time to altitude: 15 min to 9,000 ft (2,700 m)

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b Simpson 2001, p. 573
^ ^a ^b Green & Pollinger 1965, p. 307
^ ^a ^b WACO Classic Aircraft (2009). "Own the Dream". Archived from the original on 2012-03-11. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
^ Vandermeullen, Richard: 2012 Kit Aircraft Buyer's Guide, Kitplanes, Volume 28, Number 12, December 2011, page 76. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851
^ Al Hansen (Spring 2004). "The Waco Model F". AAHS Journal.
^ Grady, Mary (June 2009). "Waco Updates Its Classic Biplane". Retrieved 2009-06-25.
^ WACO Aircraft Corporation (2021). "YMF-5". wacoaircraft.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
^ "Waco". Aerofiles.com. Retrieved 2012-08-23.
^ Sloot and Hornstra Air International January 1999, pp. 55, 57.
^ Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 535.
^ Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p. 474.

Bibliography

Green, William; Pollinger, Gerald (1965). The Aircraft of the World (3rd ed.). Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd.
Simpson, Rod (2001). Airlife's World Aircraft. Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-84037-115-3.
Sloot, Emile; Hornstra, Luc (January 1999). "Fueza Aerea Guatamalteca". Air International. Vol. 56, no. 1. pp. 55–58.
Swanborough, F. G.; Bowers, Peter M. (1963). United States Military Aircraft since 1909. London: Putnam.
Swanborough, Gordon; Bowers, Peter M. (1976). United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 (Second ed.). London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-10054-9.

External links

Media related to Waco F Series at Wikimedia Commons

[Simpson,_2001,_p._573-1] Simpson 2001, p. 573

[gp307-2] Green & Pollinger 1965, p. 307

[WCAAbout-3] WACO Classic Aircraft (2009). "Own the Dream". Archived from the original on 2012-03-11. Retrieved 2009-06-12.

[KitplanesDec2011-4] Vandermeullen, Richard: 2012 Kit Aircraft Buyer's Guide, Kitplanes, Volume 28, Number 12, December 2011, page 76. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851

[5] Al Hansen (Spring 2004). "The Waco Model F". AAHS Journal.

[AvWeb24Jun09-6] Grady, Mary (June 2009). "Waco Updates Its Classic Biplane". Retrieved 2009-06-25.

[7] WACO Aircraft Corporation (2021). "YMF-5". wacoaircraft.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2022.

[Waco-8] "Waco". Aerofiles.com. Retrieved 2012-08-23.

[9] Sloot and Hornstra Air International January 1999, pp. 55, 57.

[swan_mil_p535-10] Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 535.

[swan_navy_p474-11] Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p. 474.

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@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 [[File:A315, Waco biplane, Bar Harbor airport, Maine, USA, 2009.JPG|thumb|1997 YMF-5C at [[Hancock County-Bar Harbor Airport]], Maine]]
-The 'F' series was popular with private owner pilots for sporting and other uses and continued in production through the late 1930s.  The tandem cockpit UPF-7 was adopted by the '''Civilian Pilot Training Program''' and continued in production until 1942 by which time over 600 had been built.<ref name="gp307">Green & Pollinger 1965, p. 307</ref>
+The 'F' series was popular with private owner pilots for sporting and other uses and continued in production through the late 1930s.  The tandem cockpit UPF-7 was adopted by the [[Civilian Pilot Training Program]] and continued in production until 1942 by which time over 600 had been built.<ref name="gp307">Green & Pollinger 1965, p. 307</ref>
-The 1934 model '''YMF''' was substantially redesigned with a longer and wider fuselage, larger rudder and other structural changes, and put into production in March 1986 by [[WACO Classic Aircraft]] of [[Lansing, Michigan]] as the YMF-5.<ref name="Simpson, 2001, p. 573"/> Over 150 YMF-5s were completed as of 2017 with new examples being built to specific orders.<ref name="WCAAbout">{{cite web|url = http://www.wacoclassic.com/about.html|title = Own the Dream|access-date = 2009-06-12|last = WACO Classic Aircraft|author-link = WACO Classic Aircraft|year = 2009}}</ref>{{failed verification}}
+The 1934 model '''YMF''' was substantially redesigned with a longer and wider fuselage, larger rudder and other structural changes, and put into production in March 1986 by [[WACO Classic Aircraft]] of [[Lansing, Michigan]] as the YMF-5.<ref name="Simpson, 2001, p. 573"/> Over 150 YMF-5s were completed as of 2017 with new examples being built to specific orders.<ref name="WCAAbout">{{cite web|url = http://www.wacoclassic.com/about.html|title = Own the Dream|access-date = 2009-06-12|last = WACO Classic Aircraft|author-link = WACO Classic Aircraft|year = 2009|archive-date = 2012-03-11|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120311030615/http://www.wacoclassic.com/about.html|url-status = dead}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2021}}
 The WACO Aircraft Company of Ohio Inc had built three replicas by December 2011, which they designated '''MF'''.<ref name="KitplanesDec2011">Vandermeullen, Richard: ''2012 Kit Aircraft Buyer's Guide'', Kitplanes, Volume 28, Number 12, December 2011, page 76. Belvoir Publications. {{ISSN|0891-1851}}</ref>
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 ==Variants==
 Listed in approximate chronological order (per Simpson, 2001, p.&nbsp;573)
+First letter of designation refers to engine installed.
-;INF: {{convert|125|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Kinner B-5]], Certified ATC#345 on 2 August 1930.
+From 1936 Waco added year suffixes to designations—e.g. YPF-6, YPF-7, with the numeral being the last digit of the model year.
-;KNF: {{convert|100|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Kinner K-5]], Certified ATC#313 on 12 April 1930.
-;MF : {{convert|275|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Jacobs R-755]], built by WACO Aircraft Company of Ohio Inc by 2011<ref name="KitplanesDec2011" />
+;INF: {{cvt|125|hp}} [[Kinner B-5]], certified ATC# 345 on 2 August 1930.
-;RNF: {{convert|110|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Warner Scarab]], Certified ATC#311 on 7 April 1930.<ref>{{cite journal|magazine=AAHS Journal|date=Spring 2004|title=The Waco Model F|author=Al Hansen}}</ref>
-;PCF: {{convert|170|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Jacobs LA-1]] and new cross-braced undercarriage, PCF-2 Certified ATC#473 on 2 October 1931
+;KNF: {{cvt|100|hp}} [[Kinner K-5]], certified ATC# 313 on 12 April 1930.
+;RNF: {{cvt|110|hp}} [[Warner Scarab]], certified ATC# 311 on 7 April 1930.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=AAHS Journal|date=Spring 2004|title=The Waco Model F|author=Al Hansen}}</ref>
-;PBF: as '''PCF''' with modified 'B' wings
-;QCF: {{convert|165|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Continental A70]], QCF-2 Certified ATC#416 on 9 April 1931
+;PCF: {{cvt|170|hp}} [[Jacobs LA-1]] and new cross-braced undercarriage, PCF-2 certified ATC# 473 on 2 October 1931
-;UBF: {{convert|210|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Continental R-670]]
+;PBF: as '''PCF''' with 'B' wings
-;UMF: {{convert|210|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Continental R-670]]A and longer wider fuselage and larger vertical fin
+;QCF: {{cvt|165|hp}} [[Continental A70]], QCF-2 certified ATC# 416 on 9 April 1931
-;YMF: as '''UMF''' with {{convert|225|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Jacobs L-4]]
-;YPF-6 and YPF-7: {{convert|225|hp|kW|0|abbr=on|}} [[Jacobs L-4]]
+;UBF: {{cvt|210|hp}} [[Continental R-670]]
-;ZPF-6 and ZPF-7: {{convert|285|hp|kW|0|abbr=on|}} [[Jacobs L-5]]
+;UMF: {{cvt|210|hp}} [[Continental R-670]]A and longer and wider fuselage, and larger fin
-;UPF-7: tandem training version with wider-track undercarriage and {{convert|220|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Continental radial (designated '''PT-14''' by the USAAC)
+;YMF: {{cvt|225|hp}} [[Jacobs L-4]]
+;YPF-6 and YPF-7: {{cvt|225|hp}} [[Jacobs L-4]]
+;ZPF-6 and ZPF-7: {{cvt|285|hp}} [[Jacobs L-5]]
+;UPF-7: tandem trainer with wide-track undercarriage and {{cvt|220|hp}} Continental R-670 (designated '''PT-14''' by the USAAC)
+===Waco Classic Aircraft replicas===
 ;YMF-5: 1986 design roughly based on the YMF, built by [[WACO Classic Aircraft]]
 ;YMF-5D: 2009 improved YMF-5<ref name="WCAAbout" /><ref name="AvWeb24Jun09">{{cite web|url = http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/WacoUpdatesItsClassicBiplane_200611-1.html|title = Waco Updates Its Classic Biplane |access-date = 2009-06-25|last = Grady|first = Mary|date=June 2009}}</ref>
-; YMF-5F: YMF-5 with Aerocet 3400 amphibious floats<ref>http://www.wacoaircraft.com/worx</ref>
+; YMF-5F: YMF-5 with Aerocet 3400 amphibious floats<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.wacoaircraft.com/ymf-5|title= YMF-5|access-date= 18 February 2022|author= WACO Aircraft Corporation|author-link= WACO Classic Aircraft|work= wacoaircraft.com|year= 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211215151511/https://www.wacoaircraft.com/ymf-5|archive-date= 15 December 2021|url-status= live}}</ref>
-;JW:Two UBF designated XJW-1 were used by the [[US Navy]] as hook-up trainers for the [[Curtiss F9C Sparrowhawk]] airship-borne fighters.<ref name="Waco">{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_waco.html |title=Waco |publisher=Aerofiles.com |access-date=2012-08-23}}</ref>
+===Military designations===
-'''Note''': from 1936 Waco added year suffixes to designations—e.g. YPF-6, YPF-7, with the numeral being the last digit of the model year.
+;JW-1:Two UBF designated XJW-1 were used by the [[US Navy]] as hook trainers for the skyhook airship parasite aircraft program.<ref name="Waco">{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_waco.html |title=Waco |publisher=Aerofiles.com |access-date=2012-08-23}}</ref>
+;PT-14:USAAC/USAAF designation for UPF-7
 ==Operators==
@@ Line 128: / Line 137: @@
 {{USAF trainer aircraft}}
 {{USN utility aircraft}}
+{{AvN aircraft designations}}
 [[Category:Aerobatic aircraft]]
 [[Category:1930s United States civil utility aircraft]]
 [[Category:Waco aircraft|F series]]
+[[Category:Biplanes]]
+[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
+[[Category:Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear]]
+[[Category:WACO Classic aircraft|YMF]]