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[[Image:Kesavyismach1.jpg|thumb|A Jewish amulet, consisting of various Divine Names, attributed to the ''Yismach Moshe'']]
[[Image:Kesavyismach1.jpg|thumb|A Jewish amulet, consisting of various Divine Names, attributed to the ''Yismach Moshe'']]


Rabbi '''Moshe Teitelbaum''' (1759 - 16 July 1841) ([[Hebrew]]: '''משה טייטלבוים'''), also known as the '''Yismach Moshe''', was the Rebbe of [[Sátoraljaújhely|Ujhely]] in [[Hungary]]. According to Löw, he signed his name "Tamar", this being the equivalent of Teitelbaum, which is the [[Yiddish]] for "palm-tree" (compare German "Dattelbaum").<ref name=je/> An adherent of the [[Poland|Polish]] [[Hasidism|Hasidic]] Rebbe, the [[Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin|Chozeh of Lublin]], Rabbi Teitelbaum was instrumental in bringing [[Hasidic Judaism]] to Hungary. Though initially opposed to Hassidism, after his son-in-law introduced him to the [[Chozeh of Lublin]], he soon became an adherent to Hassidism.<ref>Dezsö Schön (1997). ''Istenkeresök a Kárpátok alatt'' (God-seekers under the Carpathians), 97. Budapest, Múlt és Jövö</ref>
'''Moshe Teitelbaum''' ({{Langx|yi|משה טייטלבוים}}; 1759 - July 17, 1841), also known as the '''Yismach Moshe''', was the [[Rebbe]] of Ujhely ([[Sátoraljaújhely]]) in [[Hungary]]. According to [[Leopold Löw]], he signed his name "Tamar", this being the Hebrew equivalent of Teitelbaum, which is the [[Yiddish]] for "[[date palm]]" (compare German "Dattelbaum").<ref name=je/> An adherent of the [[Poland|Polish]] [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] rebbe [[Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin]]. Teitelbaum was instrumental in bringing [[Hasidic Judaism]] to Hungary. Though initially opposed to Hassidism, after his son-in-law introduced him to Jacob Isaac Horowitz, he soon became an adherent.<ref>Dezsö Schön (1997). ''Istenkeresök a Kárpátok alatt'' (God-seekers under the Carpathians), 97. Budapest, Múlt és Jövö</ref>


Teitelbaum first served as a rabbi in [[Przemyśl]], and later in [[Sátoralja-Ujhely]], where he was called in 1808.<ref>'Codex Judaica', M.Kantor p.259</ref> In Ujhely he founded a Hassidic congregation which was independent of the [[Jews of Galicia|Galician]] leaders. In 1822 Teitelbaum was suspected of having supplied amulets to certain Jewish culprits who had been cast into prison for libel, in order to assist them in escaping. When called upon to vindicate himself he declared that the amulets in question served only as substitutes for the [[mezuzah]] and that their only purpose was to protect their bearers against [[demon]]s.<ref>Löw, p. 84-85.</ref> Teitelbaum enjoyed an enviable reputation, with even Rabbi [[Moses Sofer]] paying him homage.<ref name=je>{{Jewish Encyclopedia|inline=1|title=Teitelbaum, Moses|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14287-teitelbaum-moses|first1=Isidore|last1=Singer|authorlink1=Isidore Singer|first2=Ludwig|last2=Venetianer|authorlink2=Ludwig Venetianer|accessdate=Mar 10, 2016}}<br/>'''Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography:'''
Teitelbaum first served as a rabbi in [[Przemyśl]], and later in Ujhely, where he was called in 1808.<ref>'Codex Judaica', M.Kantor p.259</ref> In Ujhely he founded a Hassidic congregation which was independent of the [[Jews of Galicia|Galician]] leaders. In 1822 Teitelbaum was suspected of having supplied amulets to certain Jewish culprits who had been cast into prison for libel, in order to assist them in escaping. When called upon to vindicate himself he declared that the amulets in question served only as substitutes for the ''[[mezuzah]]'' and that their only purpose was to protect their bearers against [[demon]]s.<ref>Löw, p. 84-85.</ref> Teitelbaum enjoyed an enviable reputation, with even [[Moses Sofer]] paying him homage.<ref name=je>{{Jewish Encyclopedia|inline=1|title=Teitelbaum, Moses|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14287-teitelbaum-moses|first1=Isidore|last1=Singer|authorlink1=Isidore Singer|first2=Ludwig|last2=Venetianer|authorlink2=Ludwig Venetianer|accessdate=Mar 10, 2016}}<br/>'''Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography:'''
*[[Aaron Walden]], ''Shem ha-Gedolim he-Ḥadash,'' p.&nbsp;101;
*[[Aaron Walden]], ''Shem ha-Gedolim he-Ḥadash,'' p.&nbsp;101;
*[http://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/freimann/content/titleinfo/864533 Löw, ''Gesammelte Schriften,'' vol. II, 1890, p. 76, 84, 89, 91.]</ref><ref>Löw, p. 89.</ref>
*[http://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/freimann/content/titleinfo/864533 Löw, ''Gesammelte Schriften,'' vol. II, 1890, p. 76, 84, 89, 91.]</ref><ref>Löw, p. 89.</ref>


==Works==
== Works ==
⚫
Teitelbaum authored three main works, "Moses Responded" ({{langx|he|השיב משה}}), a collection of responsa), ''Tefillah Le-Mosheh'' ({{lang|he|תפלה למשה}}, a commentary on [[Psalms]]), and "Moses Rejoiced" ({{lang|he|ישמח משה}}, 1849; 2d ed. 1898, containing homilies on the [[Torah]]),<ref name=je/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Teitelbaum |first1=Moshe |title=Yismach Moshe |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Yismach_Moshe?tab=contents |website=www.sefaria.org |publisher=Sefaria |access-date=14 January 2023}}</ref> and he is commonly referred to by the title of the latter. He originally wrote a significant portion of his commentary on [[Psalms]] on the backs of personal notes handed to him by petitioners seeking his aid and blessing. These notes were transmitted via a succession of prominent [[hasidic]] rabbis, until finally being edited and published for the first time in Kraków in 1880.<ref>Cited in introduction to ''Tefillah le-Moshe'', Teitelbaum, Monroe, NY 2010 ed.</ref>


⚫
His descendants became leaders of the communities of [[Sighet]] and [[Satu Mare|Satmar]] known as [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Satmar Hasidim]], and his name 'Moshe' was the inspiration for the ''Vayoel Moshe'' series of books authored by his descendant, [[Yoel Teitelbaum]] of Satmar.<ref>''Vayoel Moshe'', Teitelbaum, Jerusalem, Israel 1961 ed. page 18</ref> He was said to have identified his three prior ''[[gilgulim]]'' (incarnations in [[Kabbalistic]] terminology), saying that in his first gilgul he had been a sheep in [[Jacob|Yaakov Avinu's]] flock,<ref>The Biblical Patriarch [[Jacob]] fathered the 12 Tribes of the Jewish people. Kabbalah teaches that his flock of sheep comprised the future root souls of Israel. The identification by Moshe Teitelbaum of this first incarnation, would accordingly be novel for his recollection of it</ref> in his second incarnation he lived in the time of [[Moses]], and in his third incarnation he lived during the time of the destruction of the [[Solomon's Temple|First Temple]]. Out of humility, he did not disclose the nature of the third incarnation, but his followers asked another [[Rebbe]]{{who|date=October 2016}}, who identified it as the Biblical Prophet [[Jeremiah]]. Regarding the first ''gilgul'', he taught his followers the song, he said, that he recalled Jacob would sing as he tended the sheep. The song, ''Yankel hut eine kleine Lamm'', is not related to the modern ''[[Mary Had a Little Lamb]]''.
⚫
Teitelbaum authored three main works, '''[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/774 Heishiv Moshe]''' ("Moses Responded", a collection of responsa), '''[http://hebrewbooks.org/40096 Tefillah Le-Mosheh,]''' (a commentary on [[Psalms]]), and ''Yismach Moshe'' ("Moses Rejoiced", 1849; 2d ed. 1898, containing homilies on the [[Torah]]),<ref name=je/> and he is commonly referred to by the title of the latter. He originally wrote a significant portion of his commentary on [[Psalms]] on the backs of personal notes handed to him by petitioners seeking his aid and blessing. These notes were transmitted via a succession of prominent [[hasidic]] rabbis, until finally being edited and published for the first time in Kraków in 1880.<ref>Cited in introduction to ''Tefillah le-Moshe'', Teitelbaum, Monroe, NY 2010 ed.</ref>


⚫
His followers would teach of his previous identification with Jeremiah, and how this affected his present life. In his later days he yearned so much for the coming of the [[Jewish Messiah]] and the [[Third Temple|rebuilding of the Temple]], that he wore his [[Shabbat]] clothing the entire week, anticipating the Messiah's arrival. He died on July 17, 1841.
⚫
His descendants became leaders of the communities of [[Sighet]] and [[Satu Mare|Satmar]] known as [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Satmar Hasidim]], and his name 'Moshe' was the inspiration for the ''''Vayoel Moshe'''' series of books authored by his descendant, Rebbe [[Yoel Teitelbaum]] of [[Satmar]].<ref>''Vayoel Moshe'', Teitelbaum, Jerusalem,Israel 1961 ed. page 18</ref> He was said to have identified his three prior [[gilgulim]] (incarnations in [[Kabbalistic]] terminology), saying that in his first gilgul he had been a sheep in [[Jacob|Yaakov Avinu's]] flock,<ref>The Biblical Patriach [[Jacob]] fathered the 12 Tribes of the Jewish people. Kabbalah teaches that his flock of sheep comprised the future root souls of Israel. The identification by Moshe Teitelbaum of this first incarnation, would accordingly be novel for his recollection of it</ref> in his second incarnation he lived in the time of [[Moses]], and in his third incarnation he lived during the time of the destruction of the [[Solomon's Temple|First Temple]]. Out of humility, he did not disclose the nature of the third incarnation, but his followers asked another [[Rebbe]], who identified it as either [[Jesus]], or the Biblical Prophet [[Jeremiah]]. Regarding the first gilgul, he taught his followers the melody that he recalled Jacob would sing as he tended the sheep. The song, originally entitled "Yankel hut ein kleine lamm", later became popular as the English "[[Mary had a little lamb]]".

He was once learning the story of [[Korach]] in the Torah with his young grandson the [[Yekusiel Yehuda Teitelbaum (I)|Yetev Lev]] and the Yetev Lev made a comment showing that he didn't think much of [[Korah#Izhar's Son (the Levite) who had rebelled against Moses|Korach]], who rebelled against Moses. At that point the Yismach Moshe admonished him saying that we have no understanding of the greatness of Korach. In fact, added the Yismach Moshe, he himself was a [[gilgul]] from that "Dor HaMidbar" (generation of the desert) and had not been sure whom to follow, since this seemed to be a valid argument between the two greatest men of the generation. His grandson then asked him, "Zeide, what did you do?" The Yismach Moshe answered, "Unfortunately, I was one of the followers of Korach. Later I realized that I had made the wrong choice. I was swallowed up by the earth and later came back as my third gilgul."

⚫
His followers would teach of his previous identification with [[Jeremiah]], and how this affected his present life. In his later days he yearned so much for the coming of the [[Jewish Messiah]] and the rebuilding of the [[Third Temple|Temple]], that he wore his [[Shabbat]] clothing the entire week, anticipating the Messiah's arrival. He died on July 17, 1841.


== See also ==
== See also ==
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[[Category:19th-century Hungarian rabbis]]
[[Category:Rebbes of Satmar]]
[[Category:Rebbes of Satmar]]
[[Category:Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe)]]
[[Category:Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe)]]
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[[Category:Rebbes of Siget]]
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[[Category:Teitelbaum family]]

Latest revision as of 23:41, 15 November 2024

Not to be confused with Moshe Teitelbaum (Satmar).
Moshe Teitelbaum
A Jewish amulet, consisting of various Divine Names, attributed to the Yismach Moshe

Moshe Teitelbaum (Yiddish: משה טייטלבוים; 1759 - July 17, 1841), also known as the Yismach Moshe, was the Rebbe of Ujhely (Sátoraljaújhely) in Hungary. According to Leopold Löw, he signed his name "Tamar", this being the Hebrew equivalent of Teitelbaum, which is the Yiddish for "date palm" (compare German "Dattelbaum").[1] An adherent of the Polish Hasidic rebbe Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin. Teitelbaum was instrumental in bringing Hasidic Judaism to Hungary. Though initially opposed to Hassidism, after his son-in-law introduced him to Jacob Isaac Horowitz, he soon became an adherent.[2]

Teitelbaum first served as a rabbi in Przemyśl, and later in Ujhely, where he was called in 1808.[3] In Ujhely he founded a Hassidic congregation which was independent of the Galician leaders. In 1822 Teitelbaum was suspected of having supplied amulets to certain Jewish culprits who had been cast into prison for libel, in order to assist them in escaping. When called upon to vindicate himself he declared that the amulets in question served only as substitutes for the mezuzah and that their only purpose was to protect their bearers against demons.[4] Teitelbaum enjoyed an enviable reputation, with even Moses Sofer paying him homage.[1][5]

Works

[edit]

Teitelbaum authored three main works, "Moses Responded" (Hebrew: השיב משה), a collection of responsa), Tefillah Le-Mosheh (תפלה למשה, a commentary on Psalms), and "Moses Rejoiced" (ישמח משה, 1849; 2d ed. 1898, containing homilies on the Torah),[1][6] and he is commonly referred to by the title of the latter. He originally wrote a significant portion of his commentary on Psalms on the backs of personal notes handed to him by petitioners seeking his aid and blessing. These notes were transmitted via a succession of prominent hasidic rabbis, until finally being edited and published for the first time in Kraków in 1880.[7]

His descendants became leaders of the communities of Sighet and Satmar known as Satmar Hasidim, and his name 'Moshe' was the inspiration for the Vayoel Moshe series of books authored by his descendant, Yoel Teitelbaum of Satmar.[8] He was said to have identified his three prior gilgulim (incarnations in Kabbalistic terminology), saying that in his first gilgul he had been a sheep in Yaakov Avinu's flock,[9] in his second incarnation he lived in the time of Moses, and in his third incarnation he lived during the time of the destruction of the First Temple. Out of humility, he did not disclose the nature of the third incarnation, but his followers asked another Rebbe[who?], who identified it as the Biblical Prophet Jeremiah. Regarding the first gilgul, he taught his followers the song, he said, that he recalled Jacob would sing as he tended the sheep. The song, Yankel hut eine kleine Lamm, is not related to the modern Mary Had a Little Lamb.

His followers would teach of his previous identification with Jeremiah, and how this affected his present life. In his later days he yearned so much for the coming of the Jewish Messiah and the rebuilding of the Temple, that he wore his Shabbat clothing the entire week, anticipating the Messiah's arrival. He died on July 17, 1841.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; Venetianer, Ludwig (1901–1906). "Teitelbaum, Moses". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved Mar 10, 2016.
    Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography:
  2. ^ Dezsö Schön (1997). Istenkeresök a Kárpátok alatt (God-seekers under the Carpathians), 97. Budapest, Múlt és Jövö
  3. ^ 'Codex Judaica', M.Kantor p.259
  4. ^ Löw, p. 84-85.
  5. ^ Löw, p. 89.
  6. ^ Teitelbaum, Moshe. "Yismach Moshe". www.sefaria.org. Sefaria. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  7. ^ Cited in introduction to Tefillah le-Moshe, Teitelbaum, Monroe, NY 2010 ed.
  8. ^ Vayoel Moshe, Teitelbaum, Jerusalem, Israel 1961 ed. page 18
  9. ^ The Biblical Patriarch Jacob fathered the 12 Tribes of the Jewish people. Kabbalah teaches that his flock of sheep comprised the future root souls of Israel. The identification by Moshe Teitelbaum of this first incarnation, would accordingly be novel for his recollection of it
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