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{{Short description|Real estate firm based in Bethesda, Maryland}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = W.C. and A.N. Miller Companies
| name = W.C. and A.N. Miller Companies
Line 6: Line 7:
| founder = William C. and Allison N. Miller
| founder = William C. and Allison N. Miller
| hq_location = [[Bethesda, Maryland]], United States
| hq_location = [[Bethesda, Maryland]], United States
| homepage = {{url|http://www.wcanmiller.com/}}
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.wcanmiller.com/}}
}}The '''W.C. and A.N. Miller Companies''' are a group of related privately-held real estate firms known for developing residential communities in [[Washington, D.C.]] and its surrounding [[Washington metropolitan area|metropolitan area]].<ref name="ffxc">{{citation|url=http://www.connectionnewspapers.com/news/2007/feb/14/wc-an-miller-realtors-sold-to-long-foster/|title=W.C. & A.N. Miller Realtors Sold to Long & Foster|date=February 14, 2007|newspaper=The Fairfax Connection|publisher=The Connection Newspapers|access-date=2021-07-11}}</ref> Developers of neighborhoods including [[Spring Valley (Washington, D.C.)|Spring Valley]] and [[Wesley Heights]] in D.C., Sumner in [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]], and Potomac Falls in [[Potomac, Maryland|Potomac, Maryland]], they were considered to be one of Washington's most renowned realty developers in the early 20th century.<ref name="dcbdd">{{citation|url=https://planning.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/op/publication/attachments/Builder%20and%20Developer%20Biographies%20%20K%20through%20M.pdf|title=Allison Nailor Miller|work=DC Builders & Developers Directory|publisher=District of Columbia Office of Planning|access-date=2021-07-12}}</ref>
}}The '''W.C. and A.N. Miller Companies''' are a group of related privately-held real estate firms known for developing residential communities in [[Washington, D.C.]] and its surrounding [[Washington metropolitan area|metropolitan area]].<ref name="ffxc">{{citation|url=http://www.connectionnewspapers.com/news/2007/feb/14/wc-an-miller-realtors-sold-to-long-foster/|title=W.C. & A.N. Miller Realtors Sold to Long & Foster|date=February 14, 2007|newspaper=The Fairfax Connection|publisher=The Connection Newspapers|access-date=2021-07-11}}</ref> Developers of neighborhoods including [[Spring Valley (Washington, D.C.)|Spring Valley]] and [[Wesley Heights]] in D.C., Sumner in [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]], and Potomac Falls in [[Potomac, Maryland]], they were considered to be one of Washington's most renowned realty developers in the early 20th century.<ref name="dcbdd">{{citation|url=https://planning.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/op/publication/attachments/Builder%20and%20Developer%20Biographies%20%20K%20through%20M.pdf|title=Allison Nailor Miller|work=DC Builders & Developers Directory|publisher=District of Columbia Office of Planning|access-date=2021-07-12}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
William Cammack and Allison Nailor Miller, brothers who grew up in [[Cleveland Park]], were given $2,000 and two vacant lots in the [Pleasant Plains (Washington, D.C.)|[Pleasant Plains]] area of [[Northwest (Washington, D.C.)|Northwest Washington]] by their mother, as an incentive to go into business.<ref name="wapo">{{citation|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/realestate/2000/01/15/a-strong-finish/fe366f9e-34c8-4d80-afda-b7e4108c9ff1/|title=A Strong Finish|first=Linda|last=Wheeler|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 15, 2000|access-date=2021-07-12}}</ref> They built two brick residences at 757 and 759 Kenyon Street, N.W., designed by Kendall & Smith, and in 1912 formed the W.C. & A.N. Miller Development Company.<ref name="dcbdd" />
William Cammack and Allison Nailor Miller, brothers who grew up in [[Cleveland Park]], were given $2,000 and two vacant lots in the [[Pleasant Plains (Washington, D.C.)|Pleasant Plains]] area of [[Northwest (Washington, D.C.)|Northwest Washington]] by their mother, as an incentive to go into business.<ref name="wapo">{{citation|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/realestate/2000/01/15/a-strong-finish/fe366f9e-34c8-4d80-afda-b7e4108c9ff1/|title=A Strong Finish|first=Linda|last=Wheeler|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 15, 2000|access-date=2021-07-12}}</ref> They built two brick residences at 757 and 759 Kenyon Street, N.W., designed by Kendall & Smith, and in 1912 formed the W.C. & A.N. Miller Development Company.<ref name="dcbdd" />


For the next decade or so, they focused on building and selling residences in areas such as Cleveland Park, [[Woodley Park (Washington, D.C.)|Woodley Park]], and [[Petworth (Washington, D.C.)|Petworth]], mostly [[Terraced house#Washington, D.C.|rowhouse]]s. These proved highly popular, bringing acclaim to the company.<ref name="dcbdd" /> In 1923, they acquired vacant land and began development of their first subdivision, Wesley Heights, with most buildings designed by Gordon MacNeil, who had joined in 1914.<ref name="dcbdd=macneil">{{citation|url=https://planning.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/op/publication/attachments/Builder%20and%20Developer%20Biographies%20%20K%20through%20M.pdf|title=Gordon Earl MacNeil|work=DC Builders & Developers Directory|publisher=District of Columbia Office of Planning|access-date=2021-07-12}}</ref>.
For the next decade or so, they focused on building and selling residences in areas such as Cleveland Park, [[Woodley Park (Washington, D.C.)|Woodley Park]], and [[Petworth (Washington, D.C.)|Petworth]], mostly [[Terraced house#Washington, D.C.|rowhouse]]s. These proved highly popular, bringing acclaim to the company.<ref name="dcbdd" /> In 1923, they acquired vacant land and began development of their first subdivision, Wesley Heights, with most buildings designed by Gordon MacNeil, who had joined in 1914.<ref name="dcbdd=macneil">{{citation|url=https://planning.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/op/publication/attachments/Builder%20and%20Developer%20Biographies%20%20K%20through%20M.pdf|title=Gordon Earl MacNeil|work=DC Builders & Developers Directory|publisher=District of Columbia Office of Planning|access-date=2021-07-12}}</ref>


After World War I, the U.S. Army vacated land owned by [[American University]] it had been using, and the university in turn began selling off this land, much of it to W.C. & A.N. Miller.<ref name="vilensky">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cFb9LjlZUw0C&pg=PA122|title=Dew of Death: The Story of Lewisite, America's World War I Weapon of Mass Destruction|first=Joel A.|last=Vilensky|publisher=Indiana University Press|date=September 7, 2005}}</ref> In 1925, they began development of Spring Valley on this land, targeted at the wealthy, which was widely acclaimed.<ref name="wapo1940">{{citation|title=""}}</ref> Wesley Heights and Spring Valley were modeled on planned communities in [[Shaker Heights, Ohio]], with the Millers seeking to develop it into the "Garden Spot of Washington.<ref name="testimony" />
After World War I, the U.S. Army vacated land owned by [[American University]] it had been using, and the university in turn began selling off this land, much of it to W.C. & A.N. Miller.<ref name="vilensky">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cFb9LjlZUw0C&pg=PA122|title=Dew of Death: The Story of Lewisite, America's World War I Weapon of Mass Destruction|first=Joel A.|last=Vilensky|publisher=Indiana University Press|date=September 7, 2005|isbn=0253111528}}</ref> In 1925, they began a new development on this land targeted at the wealthy, Spring Valley, which was widely acclaimed.<ref name="wapo1940">{{citation|title=""}}</ref> Wesley Heights and Spring Valley were modeled on planned communities in [[Shaker Heights, Ohio]], with the Millers seeking to develop it into the "Garden Spot of Washington.<ref name="testimony" /> The company was incorporated the following year.<ref name="testimony">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uzlbr63z4IcC&pg=PA39|title=Spring Valley—Toxic Waste Contamination in the Nation's Capital (Testimony of Edward J. Miller, Jr.): U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, Subcommittee on the District of Columbia|author=107th Congress|date=July 27, 2001|isbn=9780160683459}}</ref>


In 1929 they began work with Edward R. Spano, who joined the company as a draftsman and rose to chief architect after MacNeil's death, a position he held until his death in 1993.<ref name="spano">{{citation|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1993/01/07/designer-and-architect-edward-r-spano-dies/025a1c9a-2eac-4725-8e92-eb9a48c1b08d/|title=Designer and Architect Edward R. Spano Dies|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=January 7, 1993|access-date=2021-07-12}}</ref> The company was incorporated in 1926.<ref name="testimony">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uzlbr63z4IcC&pg=PA39|title=Spring Valley—Toxic Waste Contamination in the Nation's Capital (Testimony of Edward J. Miller, Jr.): U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, Subcommittee on the District of Columbia|author=107th Congress|date=July 27, 2001}}</ref>
In 1929 they began work with Edward R. Spano, who joined the company as a draftsman and rose to chief architect after MacNeil's death, a position he held until his death in 1993.<ref name="spano">{{citation|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1993/01/07/designer-and-architect-edward-r-spano-dies/025a1c9a-2eac-4725-8e92-eb9a48c1b08d/|title=Designer and Architect Edward R. Spano Dies|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=January 7, 1993|access-date=2021-07-12}}</ref>


William C. Miller died in 1939. Allison N. Miller remained active with the company until his own death in 1951, as the company built its first Sumner subdivision in Bethesda, Sumner, named after [[Fort Sumner (Maryland)|Fort Sumner]] in what is now [[Brookmont, Maryland|Brookmont]]. Allison's son, Edward J. "Ted" Miller<ref name="ffxc" />, assumed the presidency, who was in turn succeeded by his son, Edward J. Miller, Jr.<ref name="testimony" /> The firm expanded into realty, moving, home improvement, lending, and commercial and residential management over the next several decades.
William C. Miller died in 1939. Allison N. Miller remained active with the company until his own death in 1951, as the company built its first subdivision in Bethesda, Sumner, named after [[Fort Sumner (Maryland)|Fort Sumner]] in what is now [[Brookmont, Maryland|Brookmont]]. Allison's son, Edward J. "Ted" Miller,<ref name="ffxc" /> assumed the presidency, and was in turn succeeded by his son, Edward J. Miller, Jr.<ref name="testimony" /> The firm expanded into realty, moving, home improvement, lending, and commercial and residential management over the next several decades.


During the [[civil rights movement|Civil Rights Movement]], the company came under fire for its use of [[covenant (law)#Exclusionary covenants|racially discriminatory covenants]], which had been [[Shelley v. Kraemer|declared unenforceable]] by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1948. In 1959 hearings before the [[United States Commission on Civil Rights|U.S. Commission on Civil Rights]], testimony noted bars against ownership by Jews in areas controlled by the Miller Companies including Wesley Heights and Sumner, with Spring Valley cited to be "of particular significance" owing to the prominence of its residents.<ref name="uscvr">{{citation|title=Hearings before the United States Commission on Civil Rights: Housing (Statement of Eugene L. Sugarman)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfmjs_GvNfEC&pg=PA405&lpg=PA405|page=405|year=1959|publisher=United States Government Printing Office|access-date=2021-07-12}}</ref> Members of the public also cited the company's past discrimination in testifying against Washington awarding an [[urban renewal]] contract to an affiliated company in 1961.<ref name="h4h">{{citation|url=https://blog.historian4hire.net/2018/02/21/the-ghosts-of-covenants-past/|title=The ghosts of covenants past|work=History Sidebar blog|date=February 21, 2018|access-date=2021-07-12|first=David|last=Rotenstein}}</ref>
During the [[civil rights movement|Civil Rights Movement]], the company came under fire for its use of [[covenant (law)#Exclusionary covenants|racially discriminatory covenants]], which had been [[Shelley v. Kraemer|declared unenforceable]] by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1948. In 1959 hearings before the [[United States Commission on Civil Rights|U.S. Commission on Civil Rights]], testimony noted bars against ownership by Jews in areas controlled by the Miller Companies including Wesley Heights and Sumner, with Spring Valley cited to be "of particular significance" owing to the prominence of its residents.<ref name="uscvr">{{citation|title=Hearings before the United States Commission on Civil Rights: Housing (Statement of Eugene L. Sugarman)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfmjs_GvNfEC&pg=PA405|page=405|year=1959|publisher=United States Government Printing Office|access-date=2021-07-12}}</ref> Members of the public also cited the company's past discrimination in testifying against Washington awarding an [[urban renewal]] contract to an affiliated company in 1961.<ref name="h4h">{{citation|url=https://blog.historian4hire.net/2018/02/21/the-ghosts-of-covenants-past/|title=The ghosts of covenants past|work=History Sidebar blog|date=February 21, 2018|access-date=2021-07-12|first=David|last=Rotenstein}}</ref>

The below is a direct quotation from one of the restrictive covenants enforced by the company:

″No part of the land hereby conveyed shall ever be used or occupied by, or sold, demised, transferred, or conveyed under, to, or in trust for, leased, or rented, or given to, Negroes or any person or persons of Negro blood or extractions, or to any person of the Semitic race, blood, or origin, which racial description shall be deemed to include Armenians, Jews, Hebrews, Persians, and Syrians, except that this paragraph shall not be held to exclude partial occupancy of the premises by domestic servants of the occupants thereof.″ <ref>{{citation|title=Hearings before the United States Commission on Civil Rights: Housing (Statement of Eugene L. Sugarman)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfmjs_GvNfEC&pg=PA405|page=397|year=1959|publisher=United States Government Printing Office|access-date=2023-04-05}}</ref>


In 1986, the U.S. Army and [[American University]] began investigating whether parts of Spring Valley might have been used to dump munitions during World War I, but they did not inform the Miller Companies of the possibility. A pit containing high explosives and [[chemical weapon]]s, including [[Lewisite]], was discovered near 52nd Court in January 1993, and the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] began a cleanup under the [[Formerly Used Defense Sites]] program.<ref name="vilensky" /> The Miller Companies sued over the damage to its business, and the federal government paid them $2.1 million in compensation in a 1995 settlement.<ref name="testimony"/> Cleanup work in Spring Valley continued into the early 2000s.<ref name="vilensky" />
In 1986, the U.S. Army and [[American University]] began investigating whether parts of Spring Valley might have been used to dump munitions during World War I, but they did not inform the Miller Companies of the possibility. A pit containing high explosives and [[chemical weapon]]s, including [[Lewisite]], was discovered near 52nd Court in January 1993, and the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] began a cleanup under the [[Formerly Used Defense Sites]] program.<ref name="vilensky" /> The Miller Companies sued over the damage to its business, and the federal government paid them $2.1 million in compensation in a 1995 settlement.<ref name="testimony"/> Cleanup work in Spring Valley continued into the early 2000s.<ref name="vilensky" />
Line 41: Line 46:
===Virginia===
===Virginia===
* Spring Ridge, [[Vienna, Virginia|Vienna]]
* Spring Ridge, [[Vienna, Virginia|Vienna]]

==See also==
*[[Antisemitism in Maryland]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|3}}
{{reflist|3}}


==External link==
==External links==
* {{officialsite|http://www.wcanmiller.com/}}
* {{official website|http://www.wcanmiller.com/}}


[[Category:American companies established in 1912]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1912]]
[[Category:Antisemitism in Maryland]]
[[Category:Antisemitism in Virginia]]
[[Category:Antisemitism in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Real estate companies established in 1912]]
[[Category:Real estate companies established in 1912]]
[[Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:History of racism in Maryland]]
[[Category:History of racism in Virginia]]
[[Category:History of racism in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Real estate companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Real estate companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Family-owned companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Family-owned companies of the United States]]

Latest revision as of 02:32, 16 November 2024

W.C. and A.N. Miller Companies
IndustryReal estate
Founded1912; 112 years ago (1912)
FounderWilliam C. and Allison N. Miller
HeadquartersBethesda, Maryland, United States
Websitewww.wcanmiller.com

The W.C. and A.N. Miller Companies are a group of related privately-held real estate firms known for developing residential communities in Washington, D.C. and its surrounding metropolitan area.[1] Developers of neighborhoods including Spring Valley and Wesley Heights in D.C., Sumner in Bethesda, and Potomac Falls in Potomac, Maryland, they were considered to be one of Washington's most renowned realty developers in the early 20th century.[2]

History

[edit]

William Cammack and Allison Nailor Miller, brothers who grew up in Cleveland Park, were given $2,000 and two vacant lots in the Pleasant Plains area of Northwest Washington by their mother, as an incentive to go into business.[3] They built two brick residences at 757 and 759 Kenyon Street, N.W., designed by Kendall & Smith, and in 1912 formed the W.C. & A.N. Miller Development Company.[2]

For the next decade or so, they focused on building and selling residences in areas such as Cleveland Park, Woodley Park, and Petworth, mostly rowhouses. These proved highly popular, bringing acclaim to the company.[2] In 1923, they acquired vacant land and began development of their first subdivision, Wesley Heights, with most buildings designed by Gordon MacNeil, who had joined in 1914.[4]

After World War I, the U.S. Army vacated land owned by American University it had been using, and the university in turn began selling off this land, much of it to W.C. & A.N. Miller.[5] In 1925, they began a new development on this land targeted at the wealthy, Spring Valley, which was widely acclaimed.[6] Wesley Heights and Spring Valley were modeled on planned communities in Shaker Heights, Ohio, with the Millers seeking to develop it into the "Garden Spot of Washington.[7] The company was incorporated the following year.[7]

In 1929 they began work with Edward R. Spano, who joined the company as a draftsman and rose to chief architect after MacNeil's death, a position he held until his death in 1993.[8]

William C. Miller died in 1939. Allison N. Miller remained active with the company until his own death in 1951, as the company built its first subdivision in Bethesda, Sumner, named after Fort Sumner in what is now Brookmont. Allison's son, Edward J. "Ted" Miller,[1] assumed the presidency, and was in turn succeeded by his son, Edward J. Miller, Jr.[7] The firm expanded into realty, moving, home improvement, lending, and commercial and residential management over the next several decades.

During the Civil Rights Movement, the company came under fire for its use of racially discriminatory covenants, which had been declared unenforceable by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1948. In 1959 hearings before the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, testimony noted bars against ownership by Jews in areas controlled by the Miller Companies including Wesley Heights and Sumner, with Spring Valley cited to be "of particular significance" owing to the prominence of its residents.[9] Members of the public also cited the company's past discrimination in testifying against Washington awarding an urban renewal contract to an affiliated company in 1961.[10]

The below is a direct quotation from one of the restrictive covenants enforced by the company:

″No part of the land hereby conveyed shall ever be used or occupied by, or sold, demised, transferred, or conveyed under, to, or in trust for, leased, or rented, or given to, Negroes or any person or persons of Negro blood or extractions, or to any person of the Semitic race, blood, or origin, which racial description shall be deemed to include Armenians, Jews, Hebrews, Persians, and Syrians, except that this paragraph shall not be held to exclude partial occupancy of the premises by domestic servants of the occupants thereof.″ [11]

In 1986, the U.S. Army and American University began investigating whether parts of Spring Valley might have been used to dump munitions during World War I, but they did not inform the Miller Companies of the possibility. A pit containing high explosives and chemical weapons, including Lewisite, was discovered near 52nd Court in January 1993, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began a cleanup under the Formerly Used Defense Sites program.[5] The Miller Companies sued over the damage to its business, and the federal government paid them $2.1 million in compensation in a 1995 settlement.[7] Cleanup work in Spring Valley continued into the early 2000s.[5]

In 2007, the company announced the sale of its realty business and its affiliated mortgage lender, Greenway Lending Group, to Long & Foster.[1]

Developments

[edit]

District of Columbia

[edit]

Maryland

[edit]
  • Sumner, Bethesda
  • Overlook, Bethesda
  • Spring Hill, Bethesda
  • Potomac Falls, Potomac
  • Spring Meadows, Gaithersburg

Virginia

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "W.C. & A.N. Miller Realtors Sold to Long & Foster", The Fairfax Connection, The Connection Newspapers, February 14, 2007, retrieved 2021-07-11
  2. ^ a b c "Allison Nailor Miller" (PDF), DC Builders & Developers Directory, District of Columbia Office of Planning, retrieved 2021-07-12
  3. ^ Wheeler, Linda (January 15, 2000), "A Strong Finish", The Washington Post, retrieved 2021-07-12
  4. ^ "Gordon Earl MacNeil" (PDF), DC Builders & Developers Directory, District of Columbia Office of Planning, retrieved 2021-07-12
  5. ^ a b c Vilensky, Joel A. (September 7, 2005), Dew of Death: The Story of Lewisite, America's World War I Weapon of Mass Destruction, Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253111528
  6. ^ ""
  7. ^ a b c d 107th Congress (July 27, 2001), Spring Valley—Toxic Waste Contamination in the Nation's Capital (Testimony of Edward J. Miller, Jr.): U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, Subcommittee on the District of Columbia, ISBN 9780160683459{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ "Designer and Architect Edward R. Spano Dies", The Washington Post, January 7, 1993, retrieved 2021-07-12
  9. ^ Hearings before the United States Commission on Civil Rights: Housing (Statement of Eugene L. Sugarman), United States Government Printing Office, 1959, p. 405, retrieved 2021-07-12
  10. ^ Rotenstein, David (February 21, 2018), "The ghosts of covenants past", History Sidebar blog, retrieved 2021-07-12
  11. ^ Hearings before the United States Commission on Civil Rights: Housing (Statement of Eugene L. Sugarman), United States Government Printing Office, 1959, p. 397, retrieved 2023-04-05
[edit]
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