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{{Short description|Extinct genus of reptiles}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Taxobox
| fossil_range = Lower [[Pliensbachian]]<br/>~{{fossil range|186}}<ref name=Nesb>{{cite journal |last=Nesbitt |first=S.J. |date=2011 |title=The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=352 |pages=1–292 |doi=10.1206/352.1|hdl=2246/6112 |s2cid=83493714|hdl-access=free }}</ref>
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|name = ''Dibothrosuchus''
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| image = Dibothrosuchus FMNH.jpg
|fossil_range = [[Early Jurassic]]
| image_upright = 1.15
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|image = Dibothrosuchus BW.jpg
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| image_caption = Vertebrae and limb bones of ''Dibothrosuchus elaphros'' in the [[Field Museum of Natural History]]
|image_width = 250px
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| taxon = Dibothrosuchus
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| authority = Simmons, [[1965 in paleontology|1965]]
|phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''D. elaphros'''''
|classis = [[Reptile|Sauropsida]]
| type_species_authority = Simmons, 1965
|subclassis = [[Diapsida]]
|unranked_superordo = [[Archosauria]]
|superordo = [[Crocodylomorpha]]
|subordo = [[Sphenosuchia]]
|familia = [[Sphenosuchidae]]
|genus = '''''Dibothrosuchus'''''
|genus_authority=Simmons, 1965
|subdivision_ranks=[[Species]]
|subdivision=
*''D. elaphros'' <small>Simmons, 1965 ([[type species|type]])</small>
}}
}}


'''''Dibothrosuchus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[sphenosuchia]]n, a type of [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] [[crocodylomorpha|crocodylomorph]], the [[Cladistics|clade]] that comprises the [[crocodilia]]ns and their closest kin. It is known from several partial skeletons and skulls. These fossils were found in [[Lower Jurassic]] rocks of [[Yunnan]], [[People's Republic of China|China]]. ''Dibothrosuchus'' was a small terrestrial crocodylomorph that probably had a keen [[hearing (sense)|sense of hearing]], and thus was likely a vocal animal like modern crocodilians.
'''''Dibothrosuchus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[sphenosuchia]]n, a type of [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] [[crocodylomorpha|crocodylomorph]], the [[Cladistics|clade]] that comprises the [[crocodilia]]ns and their closest kin. It is known from several partial skeletons and skulls. These fossils were found in [[Lower Jurassic]] (Lower Pliensbachian, circa 186 million years old) rocks of [[Yunnan]], [[People's Republic of China|China]]. ''Dibothrosuchus'' was a small terrestrial crocodylomorph that probably had a keen [[hearing (sense)|sense of hearing]], and thus was probably a vocal animal like modern crocodilians.


==History and description==
==History and description==
''Dibothrosuchus'' was named in 1965 by D.J. Simmons [[holotype|based on]] a partial skull and skeleton collected by Father Oehler of [[Fu Jen Catholic University]] from [[mudstone]]s near the village of Dawa. The [[type species]] is ''D. elaphros''.<ref name=DJS65>{{cite journal |last=Simmons |first=D.J. |year=1965 |title=The non-therapsid reptiles of the Lufeng Basin, Yunnan, China |journal=Fieldiana, Geology |volume=15 |pages=1–93}}</ref> Additional remains of this genus were recovered in 1985 by a joint Chinese-US expedition. Fossils of ''Dibothrosuchus'' come from the lower [[Lower Lufeng Series|Lufeng Formation]] (the Dark Red Beds). At least three partial skeletons and two skulls are known, along with isolated bones.<ref name=WC93>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/02724634.1993.10011488 |last=Wu |first=Xiao-Chun |coauthors=and Chatterjee, Sankar |year=1993 |title=''Dibothrosuchus elaphros'', a crocodylomorph from the Lower Jurassic of China and the phylogeny of the Sphenosuchia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=58–89}}</ref> ''Dibothrosuchus'' was first described as an [[ornithosuchidae|ornithosuchid]] [[thecodont]],<ref name=DJS65/> but it was later reclassified as a [[sphenosuchidae|sphenosuchid]] sphenosuchian. A second species, ''D. xingsuensis'', was named by Wu in 1986. After reexamination of the [[holotype]] Wu and [[Sankar Chatterjee|Chatterjee]] found ''D. xingsuensis'' to be a synonym of ''D. elaphros'', leaving only one species in the genus.<ref name=WC93/>
''Dibothrosuchus'' was named in 1965 by D.J. Simmons [[holotype|based on]] a partial skull and skeleton collected by Father Oehler of [[Fu Jen Catholic University]] from [[mudstone]]s near [[Huangchiatien]]. The [[type species]] is ''D. elaphros''.<ref name=DJS65>{{cite journal |last=Simmons |first=D.J. |year=1965 |title=The non-therapsid reptiles of the Lufeng Basin, Yunnan, China |journal=Fieldiana Geology |volume=15 |pages=1–93 |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.5426|doi-access=free }}</ref> Additional remains of this genus were recovered in 1985 by a joint Chinese-US expedition. Fossils of ''Dibothrosuchus'' come from the [[Zhangjiawa Formation]], being originally assigned to the Reds Beds of the [[Lufeng Formation]], thus being geologically younger than other crocodylomorphs from the region.<ref name=Nesb/> At least three partial skeletons and two skulls are known, along with isolated bones.<ref name=WC93>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/02724634.1993.10011488 |last=Wu |first=Xiao-Chun |author2=Chatterjee, Sankar |year=1993 |title=''Dibothrosuchus elaphros'', a crocodylomorph from the Lower Jurassic of China and the phylogeny of the Sphenosuchia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=58–89}}</ref> ''Dibothrosuchus'' was first described as an [[ornithosuchidae|ornithosuchid]] [[Thecodontia|thecodont]],<ref name=DJS65/> but it was later reclassified as a [[sphenosuchidae|sphenosuchid]] sphenosuchian. A second species, ''D. xingsuensis'', was named by Wu in 1986. After reexamination of the [[holotype]] Wu and [[Sankar Chatterjee|Chatterjee]] found ''D. xingsuensis'' to be a synonym of ''D. elaphros'', leaving only one species in the genus.<ref name=WC93/>
[[File:Dibothrosuchus elaphros.png|left|thumb|250x250px|Life restoration of ''D. elaphros'']]

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''Dibothrosuchus'' was not a large animal. From the tip of the snout to the [[occipital condyle]], the skull of [[Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology|IVPP]]&nbsp;V&nbsp;7907 is only {{convert|164|mm|in}} long, and the body length of the individual is estimated as {{convert|1.3|m|ft}}. In general form, ''Dibothrosuchus'' was a slender, long-tailed and long-limbed [[quadruped]] with a pointed snout. Unlike modern crocodilians, it was a terrestrial animal. The upper jaws had five small teeth per [[premaxilla]] (snout-tip bones) and seventeen per [[maxilla]], with a small hole between the maxilla and premaxilla for an enlarged tooth in the lower jaw to fit. At least eleven teeth were present on each side of the lower jaw. Several small ridges were present on the top of the skull. The various parts of the skull that supported hearing were well-developed, indicating that ''Dibothrosuchus'' had a keen sense of hearing and was probably a vocal animal that could communicate with others of the same genus, like modern crocodilians. Two rows of [[osteoderm|armor plates]] ran along the midline of the spine.<ref name=WC93/>
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[[Image:Dibothrosuchus elaphros.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Vertebrae and limb bones of ''D. elaphros'' in the [[Field Museum of Natural History]].]]
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''Dibothrosuchus'' was not a large animal. From the tip of the snout to the [[occipital condyle]], the skull of [[Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology|IVPP]]&nbsp;V&nbsp;7907 is only {{convert|164|mm|in}} long, and the body length of the individual is estimated as {{convert|1.3|m|ft}}. In general form, ''Dibothrosuchus'' was a slender, long-tailed and long-limbed [[quadruped]] with a pointed snout. Unlike modern crocodilians, it was a terrestrial animal. The upper jaws had five small teeth per [[premaxilla]] (snout-tip bones) and seventeen per [[maxilla]], with a small hole between the maxilla and premaxilla for an enlarged tooth in the lower jaw to fit. At least eleven teeth were present on each side of the lower jaw. Several small ridges were present on the top of the skull. The various parts of the skull that supported hearing were well-developed, indicating that ''Dibothrosuchus'' had a keen sense of hearing and likely was a vocal animal that could communicate with others of the same genus, like modern crocodilians. Two rows of [[osteoderm|armor plates]] ran along the midline of the spine.<ref name=WC93/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{portal|Paleontology}}
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
{{Pseudosuchia|L.}}
{{Basal crocodylomorphs}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q744899}}

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[[Category:Prehistoric reptiles of Asia]]
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[[Category:Jurassic crocodylomorpha]]
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[[Category:Terrestrial crocodiles]]


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[[Category:Early Jurassic reptiles of Asia]]
[[hu:Dibothrosuchus]]
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[[Category:Early Jurassic crocodylomorphs]]
[[pl:Diborthrosuchus]]
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[[Category:Terrestrial crocodylomorphs]]
[[zh:裂頭鱷]]
[[Category:Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera]]

Latest revision as of 03:27, 16 November 2024

Dibothrosuchus
Temporal range: Lower Pliensbachian
~186 Ma
↓
[1]
Vertebrae and limb bones of Dibothrosuchus elaphros in the Field Museum of Natural History
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Archosauria
Clade: Pseudosuchia
Clade: Crocodylomorpha
Genus: †Dibothrosuchus
Simmons, 1965
Type species
†D. elaphros
Simmons, 1965

Dibothrosuchus is a genus of sphenosuchian, a type of basal crocodylomorph, the clade that comprises the crocodilians and their closest kin. It is known from several partial skeletons and skulls. These fossils were found in Lower Jurassic (Lower Pliensbachian, circa 186 million years old) rocks of Yunnan, China. Dibothrosuchus was a small terrestrial crocodylomorph that probably had a keen sense of hearing, and thus was probably a vocal animal like modern crocodilians.

History and description

[edit]

Dibothrosuchus was named in 1965 by D.J. Simmons based on a partial skull and skeleton collected by Father Oehler of Fu Jen Catholic University from mudstones near Huangchiatien. The type species is D. elaphros.[2] Additional remains of this genus were recovered in 1985 by a joint Chinese-US expedition. Fossils of Dibothrosuchus come from the Zhangjiawa Formation, being originally assigned to the Reds Beds of the Lufeng Formation, thus being geologically younger than other crocodylomorphs from the region.[1] At least three partial skeletons and two skulls are known, along with isolated bones.[3] Dibothrosuchus was first described as an ornithosuchid thecodont,[2] but it was later reclassified as a sphenosuchid sphenosuchian. A second species, D. xingsuensis, was named by Wu in 1986. After reexamination of the holotype Wu and Chatterjee found D. xingsuensis to be a synonym of D. elaphros, leaving only one species in the genus.[3]

Life restoration of D. elaphros

Dibothrosuchus was not a large animal. From the tip of the snout to the occipital condyle, the skull of IVPP V 7907 is only 164 millimetres (6.5 in) long, and the body length of the individual is estimated as 1.3 metres (4.3 ft). In general form, Dibothrosuchus was a slender, long-tailed and long-limbed quadruped with a pointed snout. Unlike modern crocodilians, it was a terrestrial animal. The upper jaws had five small teeth per premaxilla (snout-tip bones) and seventeen per maxilla, with a small hole between the maxilla and premaxilla for an enlarged tooth in the lower jaw to fit. At least eleven teeth were present on each side of the lower jaw. Several small ridges were present on the top of the skull. The various parts of the skull that supported hearing were well-developed, indicating that Dibothrosuchus had a keen sense of hearing and was probably a vocal animal that could communicate with others of the same genus, like modern crocodilians. Two rows of armor plates ran along the midline of the spine.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Nesbitt, S.J. (2011). "The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 352: 1–292. doi:10.1206/352.1. hdl:2246/6112. S2CID 83493714.
  2. ^ a b Simmons, D.J. (1965). "The non-therapsid reptiles of the Lufeng Basin, Yunnan, China". Fieldiana Geology. 15: 1–93. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5426.
  3. ^ a b c Wu, Xiao-Chun; Chatterjee, Sankar (1993). "Dibothrosuchus elaphros, a crocodylomorph from the Lower Jurassic of China and the phylogeny of the Sphenosuchia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 13 (1): 58–89. doi:10.1080/02724634.1993.10011488.
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