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{{Infobox President
{{Short description|President of Hungary (1889–1961)}}
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| name = Zoltán Tildy
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| image = Tildy Zoltán-MTI 1946.jpg
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| imagesize =
⚫
| caption = Zoltán Tildy in 1946
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| nationality = Hungarian
| order = [[List of Prime Ministers of Hungary|Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary]]
| monarch = ''vacant''
⚫
| leader = ''High National Council''
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| term_start = 15 November 1945
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| term_end = 1 February 1946
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| predecessor = [[Béla Miklós]]
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| successor = [[Ferenc Nagy]]
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| order2 = [[List of heads of state of Hungary|President of Hungary]]
| primeminister2 = [[Ferenc Nagy]]
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| term_start2 = 1 February 1946
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| term_end2 = 3 August 1948
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| predecessor2 = [[High National Council]]
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| successor2 = [[Árpád Szakasits]]
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| order3 = [[Minister of State]]
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| primeminister3 = [[Imre Nagy]]
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| term_start3 = 27 October 1956
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| term_end3 = 4 November 1956
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| order4 = Member of the [[High National Council]]
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| alongside4 = [[Ferenc Nagy]], [[László Rajk]], and [[Béla Varga (politician)|Béla Varga]] {{small|(to 8 January 1946)}}
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| term_start4 = 7 December 1945
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| term_end4 = 1 February 1946
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| predecessor4 = [[Béla Miklós]]{{-}}[[Béla Zsedényi]]{{-}}[[Mátyás Rákosi]]
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| successor4 = '''Himself''' (as President of the Republic)
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1889|11|18}}
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| birth_place = Losonc, [[Austria-Hungary]] (today [[Lučenec]], [[Slovakia]])
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1961|08|4|1889|11|18}}
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| death_place = [[Budapest]], [[People's Republic of Hungary]]
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| spouse = [[:hu:Gyenis Erzsébet|Erzsébet Gyenis]]
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| children=[[Zoltán Tildy, Jr.]] <br>Erzsébet <br>László
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| party = [[Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party|Independent Smallholders' Party]]
| religion = [[Reformed Church in Hungary]]
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| profession = [[Minister (Christianity)|Minister]]
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}}
{{Eastern name order|Tildy Zoltán}}
{{Eastern name order|Tildy Zoltán}}
{{Infobox officeholder
⚫
'''Zoltán Tildy''' ({{IPA-hu|ˈzoltaːn ˈtildi|lang}}; 18 November 1889 – 4 August 1961), was an influential leader of [[Second Hungarian Republic|Hungary]], who served as [[Prime Minister of Hungary|Prime Minister]] from 1945–1946 and [[President of Hungary|President]] from 1946 until 1948 in the post-war period before the seizure of power by Soviet-backed communists.
⚫
| name = Zoltán Tildy
⚫
| image = Tildy Zoltán-MTI 1946.jpg
⚫
| imagesize =
⚫
| caption = Zoltán Tildy in 1946
⚫
| nationality = Hungarian
| order2 = [[Prime Minister of Hungary]]
| monarch2 = ''Vacant''
| 1blankname2 = Head of State
⚫
| 1namedata2 = [[High National Council]]
⚫
| term_start2 = 15 November 1945
⚫
| term_end2 = 1 February 1946
⚫
| predecessor2 = [[Béla Miklós]]
⚫
| successor2 = [[Ferenc Nagy]]
⚫
| order = [[List of heads of state of Hungary#Hungarian Republic (1946–1949)|President of Hungary]]
| primeminister = [[Ferenc Nagy]]{{-}}[[Mátyás Rákosi]] {{small|(acting)}}{{-}}[[Lajos Dinnyés]]
⚫
| term_start = 1 February 1946
⚫
| term_end = 3 August 1948
⚫
| predecessor = [[High National Council]]
⚫
| successor = [[Árpád Szakasits]]
⚫
| order3 = [[Minister of State]]
⚫
| primeminister3 = [[Imre Nagy]]
⚫
| term_start3 = 27 October 1956
⚫
| term_end3 = 4 November 1956
⚫
| order4 = Member of the [[High National Council]]
⚫
| alongside4 = [[Ferenc Nagy]], [[László Rajk]], and [[Béla Varga (politician)|Béla Varga]] {{small|(to 8 January 1946)}}
⚫
| term_start4 = 7 December 1945
⚫
| term_end4 = 1 February 1946
⚫
| predecessor4 = [[Béla Miklós]]{{-}}[[Béla Zsedényi]]{{-}}[[Mátyás Rákosi]]
⚫
| successor4 = '''Himself'''{{-}}{{small|as [[President of Hungary|President of the Republic]]}}
⚫
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1889|11|18}}
⚫
| birth_place = Losonc, [[Nógrád County (former)|Nógrád County]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (today [[Lučenec]], [[Slovakia]])
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1961|08|3|1889|11|18}}
⚫
| death_place = [[Budapest]], [[Hungarian People's Republic]]
⚫
| spouse = [[:hu:Gyenis Erzsébet|Erzsébet Gyenis]]
⚫
| children = [[Zoltán Tildy, Jr.]] <br>Erzsébet <br>László
⚫
| party = [[Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party|Independent Smallholders' Party]]
⚫
| profession = [[Minister (Christianity)|Minister]]
⚫
}}

⚫
'''Zoltán Tildy''' ({{IPA-hu|ˈzoltaːn ˈtildi|lang}}; 18 November 1889 – 3 August 1961), was an influential leader of [[Second Hungarian Republic|Hungary]], who served as [[Prime Minister of Hungary|prime minister]] from 1945 to 1946 and [[President of Hungary|president]] from 1946 until 1948 in the post-war period before the seizure of power by Soviet-backed communists.


==Biography==
==Biography==


===Early life and family===
===Early life and family===

⚫
[[File:Tildy Zoltán sírja.jpg|thumb|Grave of Zoltán Tildy and his wife, Erzsébet Gyenis in Budapest.]]
Zoltán Tildy was born in [[Losonc]] ([[Lučenec]] now in [[Slovakia]]), in the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] to the family of a Hungarian official in the local government. He took a degree in theology from the Reformed Theological Academy in [[Pápa]], afterwards spending a year studying at [[Assembly's College]], Belfast, in [[Ireland]]. Tildy served as an active minister of the Reformed Church beginning in 1921, and edited the daily paper of the Reformed church in Hungary, the Keresztény Család (Christian Family), as well as other periodicals. In 1929, Tildy joined the [[Independent Smallholders' Party]] (FKgP) with other noted Hungarian political figures, including [[Ferenc Nagy]]. He became executive vice-president of the organization soon afterwards.
Zoltán Tildy was born in [[Losonc]] ([[Lučenec]] now in [[Slovakia]]), in the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] to the family of a Hungarian official in the local government. He took a degree in theology from the Reformed Theological Academy in [[Pápa]], afterwards spending a year studying at [[Assembly's College]], Belfast, in [[Ireland]]. Tildy served as an active minister of the Reformed Church beginning in 1921, and edited the daily paper of the Reformed church in Hungary, the Keresztény Család (Christian Family), as well as other periodicals. In 1929, Tildy joined the [[Independent Smallholders' Party]] (FKgP) with other noted Hungarian political figures, including [[Ferenc Nagy]]. He became executive vice-president of the organization soon afterwards.


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===Political career and later life===
===Political career and later life===
[[File:Tildy palota.jpg|thumb|Tildy palace - Andrássy avenue 96]]
[[File:Tildy palota.jpg|thumb|Tildy palace – Andrássy avenue 96]]
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[[File:Tildy Zoltán sírja.jpg|thumb|Grave of Zoltán Tildy and his wife, Erzsébet Gyenis in Budapest.]]
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Tildy was elected to the Hungarian parliament in 1933, being reelected in 1936 and 1939. He put pressure on [[Horthy]]'s government to pull out of the [[Second World War]]. After Hungary was occupied by the [[Nazi Germany|Germans]], Tildy was forced into hiding. After the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] occupied Hungary and drove out the Germans, Tildy became leader of the FKgP. Tildy became [[Prime Minister of Hungary]], serving from November 15, 1945 until February 1, 1946, when Tildy was elected [[President of Hungary]]. He was an ex officio member of the [[High National Council]] from December 7, 1945 until February 2, 1946.

⚫
Tildy was elected to the Hungarian parliament in 1933, being reelected in 1936 and 1939. He put pressure on [[Horthy]]'s government to pull out of the [[Second World War]]. After Hungary was occupied by the [[Nazi Germany|Germans]], Tildy was forced into hiding. When the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] occupied Hungary and drove out the Germans, Tildy became leader of the FKgP and was appointed [[Prime Minister of Hungary]], serving from 15 November 1945 until 1 February 1946, when he was elected [[President of Hungary]]. Tildy was an ex officio member of the [[High National Council]] from 7 December 1945 until 2 February 1946.


Tildy served as the first President of the Republic of Hungary until July 31, 1948, when he was forced to resign after allegations emerged about his son-in-law being arrested for corruption and adultery. Tildy was held under house arrest in [[Budapest]] until 1 May 1956. He was appointed to the position of a state minister in the coalition government during the [[1956 Hungarian Revolution]]. He was eventually arrested by Soviet forces after the revolution was crushed by [[Warsaw Pact]] intervention. On June 15, 1958, Tildy was sentenced by the Supreme Court to six years' imprisonment, in the trial of [[Imre Nagy]] and associates. However, he was released under an individual amnesty in April 1959 in view of his advanced years (in fact due to illness). He then lived in complete retirement until he died in [[Budapest]] on August 4, 1961.
Serving as the first President of the Republic of Hungary when he was forced to resign in July 1948 after allegations emerged about his son-in-law being arrested for corruption and adultery. Tildy was held under house arrest in [[Budapest]] until May 1, 1956. He was appointed to the position of a state minister in the coalition government during the [[1956 Hungarian Revolution]], and was eventually arrested by Soviet forces after the revolution was crushed by [[Warsaw Pact]] intervention. On 15 June 1958 Tildy was sentenced by the Supreme Court to six years' imprisonment, in the trial of [[Imre Nagy]] and associates. However, he was released under an individual amnesty in April 1959 in view of his advanced years (in fact due to illness). He then lived in complete retirement until he died in [[Budapest]] on 3 August 1961.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA364 Zoltán Tildy], Heads of States and Governments Since 1945, page 364</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* {{PM20|FID=pe/037179}}
* {{PM20|FID=pe/037179}}
* {{FAG|15033372}}
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{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-off}}
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[[Category:People from Lučenec]]
[[Category:People from Lučenec]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Hungary]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Hungary]]
[[Category:Hungarian Calvinist and Reformed Christians]]
[[Category:Hungarians in Slovakia]]
[[Category:Slovak expatriates in Hungary]]
[[Category:Hungarian Calvinist and Reformed clergy]]
[[Category:Hungarian Calvinist and Reformed clergy]]
[[Category:Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party politicians]]
[[Category:Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party politicians]]
[[Category:Presidents of Hungary]]
[[Category:Presidents of Hungary]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Hungary]]
[[Category:Prime ministers of Hungary]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1935–1939)]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1939–1944)]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1945–1947)]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1945–1947)]]
[[Category:Heads of government who were later imprisoned]]
[[Category:Burials at Farkasréti Cemetery]]
[[Category:Burials at Farkasréti Cemetery]]

Latest revision as of 12:15, 16 November 2024

The native form of this personal name is Tildy Zoltán. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Zoltán Tildy
Zoltán Tildy in 1946
President of Hungary
In office
1 February 1946 – 3 August 1948
Prime MinisterFerenc Nagy
Mátyás Rákosi (acting)
Lajos Dinnyés
Preceded byHigh National Council
Succeeded byÁrpád Szakasits
Prime Minister of Hungary
In office
15 November 1945 – 1 February 1946
MonarchVacant
Head of StateHigh National Council
Preceded byBéla Miklós
Succeeded byFerenc Nagy
Minister of State
In office
27 October 1956 – 4 November 1956
Prime MinisterImre Nagy
Member of the High National Council
In office
7 December 1945 – 1 February 1946
Serving with Ferenc Nagy, László Rajk, and Béla Varga (to 8 January 1946)
Preceded byBéla Miklós
Béla Zsedényi
Mátyás Rákosi
Succeeded byHimself
as President of the Republic
Personal details
Born(1889-11-18)18 November 1889
Losonc, Nógrád County, Kingdom of Hungary (today Lučenec, Slovakia)
Died3 August 1961(1961-08-03) (aged 71)
Budapest, Hungarian People's Republic
Political partyIndependent Smallholders' Party
SpouseErzsébet Gyenis
ChildrenZoltán Tildy, Jr.
Erzsébet
László
ProfessionMinister

Zoltán Tildy (Hungarian: [ˈzoltaːn ˈtildi]; 18 November 1889 – 3 August 1961), was an influential leader of Hungary, who served as prime minister from 1945 to 1946 and president from 1946 until 1948 in the post-war period before the seizure of power by Soviet-backed communists.

Biography

[edit]

Early life and family

[edit]

Zoltán Tildy was born in Losonc (Lučenec now in Slovakia), in the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the family of a Hungarian official in the local government. He took a degree in theology from the Reformed Theological Academy in Pápa, afterwards spending a year studying at Assembly's College, Belfast, in Ireland. Tildy served as an active minister of the Reformed Church beginning in 1921, and edited the daily paper of the Reformed church in Hungary, the Keresztény Család (Christian Family), as well as other periodicals. In 1929, Tildy joined the Independent Smallholders' Party (FKgP) with other noted Hungarian political figures, including Ferenc Nagy. He became executive vice-president of the organization soon afterwards.

He married Erzsébet Gyenis (1896–1985) in 1916 and had three children: Zoltán Tildy, Jr. (1917–1994), Erzsébet Tildy (1918–2012), and László Tildy (1921–1983).

Political career and later life

[edit]
Tildy palace – Andrássy avenue 96
Grave of Zoltán Tildy and his wife, Erzsébet Gyenis in Budapest.

Tildy was elected to the Hungarian parliament in 1933, being reelected in 1936 and 1939. He put pressure on Horthy's government to pull out of the Second World War. After Hungary was occupied by the Germans, Tildy was forced into hiding. When the Soviets occupied Hungary and drove out the Germans, Tildy became leader of the FKgP and was appointed Prime Minister of Hungary, serving from 15 November 1945 until 1 February 1946, when he was elected President of Hungary. Tildy was an ex officio member of the High National Council from 7 December 1945 until 2 February 1946.

Serving as the first President of the Republic of Hungary when he was forced to resign in July 1948 after allegations emerged about his son-in-law being arrested for corruption and adultery. Tildy was held under house arrest in Budapest until May 1, 1956. He was appointed to the position of a state minister in the coalition government during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, and was eventually arrested by Soviet forces after the revolution was crushed by Warsaw Pact intervention. On 15 June 1958 Tildy was sentenced by the Supreme Court to six years' imprisonment, in the trial of Imre Nagy and associates. However, he was released under an individual amnesty in April 1959 in view of his advanced years (in fact due to illness). He then lived in complete retirement until he died in Budapest on 3 August 1961.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Zoltán Tildy, Heads of States and Governments Since 1945, page 364
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Hungary
1945–1946 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Hungary
1946–1948 		Succeeded by
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