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Coordinates: 42°27′54″N 2°26′44″W / 42.46500°N 2.44556°W / 42.46500; -2.44556
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{{For|the town in Ecuador|Logroño, Ecuador}}
{{For|the town in Ecuador|Logroño, Ecuador}}
{{expand Spanish|Logroño|date=September 2012}}
{{expand Spanish|topic=geo|Logroño|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Logroño
| official_name = Logroño
|settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
|image_skyline = {{Multiple image
| image_skyline = {{Multiple image
| perrow = 1/2/2
| perrow = 1/2/2
| border = infobox
| border = infobox
Line 20: Line 20:
| caption5 = Monumento to Espartero
| caption5 = Monumento to Espartero
}}
}}
|image_flag = Bandera de Logroño.svg
| image_flag = Bandera de Logroño.svg
| image_shield = Coat of Arms of Logroño (Spain).svg
|flag_size = 150px
| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=285|frame-height=180|frame-align=center|frame-coordinates={{Coord|39.5|N|3.7|W}}|zoom=4|type=point|title=Logroño|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|text=Interactive map of Logroño.}}
|image_shield = Escudo de Logroño.svg
| map_caption = Location of Logroño
|shield_size = 80px
| pushpin_map = Spain La Rioja#Spain
| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=285|frame-height=180|frame-align=center|frame-coordinates={{Coord|39.5|N|3.7|W}}|zoom=4|type=point|title=Logroño|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|text=Interactive map of Logroño.}}
| pushpin_label_position = none
|map_caption = Location of Logroño
|coordinates = {{coord|42|27|54|N|2|26|44|W|region:ES|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|42|27|54|N|2|26|44|W|region:ES|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Spain
| subdivision_name = Spain
|subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Comarcas of Spain|Comarca]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Comarcas of Spain|Comarca]]
| leader_name = [[Conrado Escobar]] ([[People's Party (Spain)|PP]])
|subdivision_name2 = Rioja Media
| area_total_km2 = 79.57
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| area_land_km2 =
|leader_name = [[Conrado Escobar]] ([[People's Party (Spain)|PP]])
| area_water_km2 =
|area_total_km2 = 79.57
| elevation_m = 384
|area_land_km2 =
| population_as_of = 2020
|area_water_km2 =
| population_footnotes = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
|elevation_m = 384
| population_total = 152,485
|population_as_of = 2020
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_metro = 197000
|population_total = 152,485
| website = {{URL|www.logro-o.org}}
|population_density_km2= auto
| timezone = CET
|population_metro = 197000
| utc_offset = +1
|website = {{URL|www.logro-o.org}}
| timezone_DST = CEST
|footnotes = {{convert|336|km|0|abbr=on}} to Madrid; [[Fuero]] given in 1095
| utc_offset_DST = +2
|timezone = CET
| module =
|utc_offset = +1
|timezone_DST = CEST
|utc_offset_DST = +2
| module =
}}
}}


'''Logroño''' ({{IPA-es|loˈɣɾoɲo|lang|Es-logroño.oga}}) is the capital of the autonomous community of [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]], Spain. Located in the north of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], traversed in its northern part by the [[Ebro River]], Logroño has historically been a place of passage, such as the [[Camino de Santiago]]. Its borders were disputed between the Iberian kingdoms of [[Crown of Castile|Castille]], [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] and [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]] during the Middle Ages.
'''Logroño''' ({{IPA|es|loˈɣɾoɲo|lang|Es-logroño.oga}}) is the capital of the autonomous community of [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]], Spain. Located in the north of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], primarily in the right (South) bank of the [[Ebro River]], Logroño has historically been a place of passage, such as the [[Camino de Santiago]]. Its borders were disputed between the Iberian kingdoms of [[Crown of Castile|Castille]], [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] and [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]] during the Middle Ages.
<!-- The [[IATA]] code (RJL) comes from the La Rioja-Logroño combination -->
<!-- The [[IATA]] code (RJL) comes from the La Rioja-Logroño combination -->


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=== Origin of the name ===
=== Origin of the name ===
The origin of this toponym is, as for many other places, unknown. The name ''Lucronio'' was first used in a document from 965 where [[García Sánchez I of Pamplona]] donated the so-called place to the [[Monasteries of San Millán de la Cogolla|Monastery of San Millán]]. In the Fuero of Logroño from 1095 it appeared under the name ''Logronio'', except once when it was called ''illo Gronio''. The most broadly accepted theses seem to be those which indicate it is a late [[Latinisation of names|latinization]] by prefixing the article "''lo/illo''" to the old toponym ''Gronio''/''Gronno'',<ref>I. Rodríguez y R. de Lama, ''Colección diplomática medieval de La Rioja'', vol. I, Logroño 1979, 272-293</ref> a word of [[Celtic language|Celtic]] origin which means ''the ford'' or ''the pass''.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}} It is believed that this name was due to the frequent use of this place to cross the [[Ebro river]].
The origin of this toponym is, as for many other places, unknown. The name ''Lucronio'' was first used in a document from 965 where [[García Sánchez I of Pamplona]] donated the so-called place to the [[Monasteries of San Millán de la Cogolla|Monastery of San Millán]]. In the Fuero of Logroño from 1095 it appeared under the name ''Logronio'', except once when it was called ''illo Gronio''. The most broadly accepted theses seem to be those which indicate it is a late [[Latinisation of names|latinization]] by prefixing the article "''lo/illo''" to the old toponym ''Gronio''/''Gronno'',<ref>I. Rodríguez y R. de Lama, ''Colección diplomática medieval de La Rioja'', vol. I, Logroño 1979, 272–293</ref> a word of [[Celtic language|Celtic]] origin which means ''the ford'' or ''the pass''.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}} It is believed that this name was due to the frequent use of this place to cross the [[Ebro river]].


Other historians have proposed alternative theories, such as a possible derivation from ''Lucus Brun'' or ''Lucus Beronius'' ("Sacred place in the Beronian forest"), but its etymology remains unknown.<ref name="UntermannSiles1993">{{cite book|author1=Urbano Espinosa|editor1=Jürgen Untermann|editor2=Jaime Siles|title=Studia palaeohispanica et indogermanica J. Untermann ab amicis hispanicis oblata|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bv7GwEcForYC&pg=PA139|year=1993|publisher=Edicions Universitat Barcelona|isbn=978-84-475-0418-3|page=139|chapter=El gentilicio Berones en el topónimo Logroño|quote=El gentilicio Berones en el topónimo Logroño Urbano Espinosa Logroño forma parte de un reducido grupo de topónimos mayores en la España septentrional. cuya etimología resulta inexplicable.}}</ref>
Other historians have proposed alternative theories, such as a possible derivation from ''Lucus Brun'' or ''Lucus Beronius'' ("Sacred place in the Beronian forest"), but its etymology remains unknown.<ref name="UntermannSiles1993">{{cite book|author1=Urbano Espinosa|editor1=Jürgen Untermann|editor2=Jaime Siles|title=Studia palaeohispanica et indogermanica J. Untermann ab amicis hispanicis oblata|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bv7GwEcForYC&pg=PA139|year=1993|publisher=Edicions Universitat Barcelona|isbn=978-84-475-0418-3|page=139|chapter=El gentilicio Berones en el topónimo Logroño|quote=El gentilicio Berones en el topónimo Logroño Urbano Espinosa Logroño forma parte de un reducido grupo de topónimos mayores en la España septentrional. cuya etimología resulta inexplicable.}}</ref>


=== Titles ===
=== Titles ===
[[John II of Castile]] granted it the title of "City" on 7 February 1431 in [[Palencia]] and ratified it on 20 February in [[Valladolid]],<ref>Rolled leather parchment sealed with lead and the royal seal. Valladolid, 20 February 1431. Logroño municipal register</ref> thus it stopped being called "Village", despite there being no explicit justification of the reasons for that change. 20 July 1444 the same king added the titles of "Very noble", {{lang-es|Muy Noble}}, and "Very loyal", {{lang-es|Muy Leal}}, which up until today appear in the seal of the city. In this case, the reason was the loyalty of the habitants against the homonymous king [[John II of Aragon]], because despite the ''«long war, and wounds and deaths, and robberies, and fires, and damages and oppresions»'', the city remained loyal to the service of the king of Castile.
[[John II of Castile]] granted it the title of "City" on 7 February 1431 in [[Palencia]] and ratified it on 20 February in [[Valladolid]],<ref>Rolled leather parchment sealed with lead and the royal seal. Valladolid, 20 February 1431. Logroño municipal register</ref> thus it stopped being called "Village", despite there being no explicit justification of the reasons for that change. 20 July 1444 the same king added the titles of "Very noble", {{langx|es|Muy Noble}}, and "Very loyal", {{langx|es|Muy Leal}}, which up until today appear in the seal of the city. In this case, the reason was the loyalty of the habitants against the homonymous king [[John II of Aragon]], because despite the ''«long war, and wounds and deaths, and robberies, and fires, and damages and oppressions»'', the city remained loyal to the service of the king of Castile.


5 July 1523, the king [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] granted it the three [[Fleur-de-lis|fleurs-de-lis]] for the [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|shield]] of the city for its resistance during the French siege in 1521.
On 5 July 1523, the king [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] granted it the three [[Fleur-de-lis|fleurs-de-lis]] for the [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|shield]] of the city for its resistance during the French siege in 1521.


It also received by Royal Decree the title of "Excellence" 6 December 1854 from [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabella II]], as a reward for its behavior during the [[cholera]] epidemic which devastated the city.
It also received by Royal Decree the title of "Excellence" 6 December 1854 from [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabella II]], as a reward for its behavior during the [[cholera]] epidemic which devastated the city.
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== History ==
== History ==
[[File:Puente de Piedra (Stone Bridge) in Logroño.jpg|thumb|190px|left|Puente de Piedra.]]
Logroño was an old settlement, first of the Romans, under the name of Vareia,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/246729 |title=Places: 246729 (Vareia?) |author=Keay, S. |author2=R. Mathisen |author3=H. Sivan |author4=R. Talbert|author5=T. Elliott |author6=S. Gillies |access-date=August 27, 2013<!-- 4:33 am -->|publisher=Pleiades}}</ref> a commercial port, and then of the Celts.{{dubious|date=December 2015}} From the 10th century, possession of Logroño was disputed between the kings of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] and those of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]]; the region was finally annexed to [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]]. The name is a combination of le and Groin, mashed together as Logroño over time. [[Alfonso VI of Castile]] granted Logroño in 1095 a charter of rights that served as a model for other Spanish cities. In 1609 and 1610 Logroño was the main seat of the [[Basque witch trials]], part of the [[Spanish Inquisition]].
Logroño was an old settlement, first of the Romans, under the name of Vareia,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/246729 |title=Places: 246729 (Vareia?) |author=Keay, S. |author2=R. Mathisen |author3=H. Sivan |author4=R. Talbert|author5=T. Elliott |author6=S. Gillies |access-date=August 27, 2013<!-- 4:33 am -->|publisher=Pleiades}}</ref> a commercial port, and then of the Celts.{{dubious|date=December 2015}} From the 10th century, possession of Logroño was disputed between the kings of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] and those of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]]; the region was finally annexed to [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]]. The name is a combination of le and Groin, mashed together as Logroño over time. [[Alfonso VI of Castile]] granted Logroño in 1095 a charter of rights that served as a model for other Spanish cities. In 1609 and 1610 Logroño was the main seat of the [[Basque witch trials]], part of the [[Spanish Inquisition]].


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==Economy==
==Economy==
[[File:Façade of Santa María de la Redonda in Logroño.jpg|thumb|170px|[[Co-Cathedral of Logroño|Con-catedral de Santa María de la Redonda]].]]
[[File:Logroño Oficial edited.jpg|thumb|left|300px|New financial zone of Logroño.]]
Logroño is the shopping and financial capital of [[La Rioja (autonomous community)|La Rioja]]. Its economy is heavily reliant on [[wine]], the most popular of which is [[Rioja (wine)|Rioja D.O.]] Logroño is twinned with [[Dunfermline]], [[Darmstadt]], [[Libourne]], [[Dax, Landes|Dax]], [[Rancagua]], [[Ciudad de La Rioja]], [[Brescia]], [[El Hagounia]]. The airport [[Logroño-Agoncillo Airport|Logroño-Agoncillo]] connects the city with Madrid.
Logroño is the shopping and financial capital of [[La Rioja (autonomous community)|La Rioja]]. Its economy is heavily reliant on [[wine]], the most popular of which is [[Rioja (wine)|Rioja D.O.]] Logroño is twinned with [[Dunfermline]], [[Darmstadt]], [[Libourne]], [[Dax, Landes|Dax]], [[Rancagua]], [[Ciudad de La Rioja]], [[Brescia]], [[El Hagounia]]. The airport [[Logroño-Agoncillo Airport|Logroño-Agoncillo]] connects the city with Madrid.


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==Climate==
==Climate==


The weather in Logroño – mostly due to its peculiar location, both in terms of distance to the [[Atlantic]] coast and in the situation along the course of the [[Ebro river]], is characterized by values ranging from those typically found in temperate [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] climates to the warmer and drier ones observed in southeastern [[Mediterranean climate|mediterranean]] regions of the river's valley. However, the weather station has a [[cold semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSk'') with [[humid subtropical climate|subtropical]] influences. The average annual temperature is {{convert|13.9|°C|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Weather in Logroño|url=http://www.logrono-hotels.com/information/weather.html|access-date=12 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501161603/http://www.logrono-hotels.com/information/weather.html|archive-date=1 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="AEMET.es: ‘Standard Climate Values for Logroño, ES’">{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=9170&k=rio|title=Standard Climate Values for Logroño|publisher=Agencia Estatal de Meteorología|access-date=5 June 2015}}</ref> Although infrequent, unusually low temperatures during the winter can drop to {{convert|-5|C|0}} or even lower, while daily high averages may exceptionally exceed the mark of {{convert|38|C|0}} in a particularly hot summer. The average annual precipitation is about {{convert|400|mm|2|abbr=on}}, regularly spread over the whole year: from {{convert|20|mm|2|abbr=on}}–{{convert|25|mm|2|abbr=on}} in drier periods to the {{convert|45|mm|2|abbr=on}}-{{convert|50|mm|2|abbr=on}} range in the rainiest.<ref name="AEMET.es: ‘Standard Climate Values for Logroño, ES’" /> The winds that affect the city are as follows: the northerly [[Cierzo]], the southerly Ábrego, the easterly Solano, and the westerly Castellano. Intermediate winds are the northeasterly Navarrico, the northwesterly Regañón, the southwesterly Burgalés and the southeasterly Soriano.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}
The weather in Logroño – mostly due to its peculiar location, both in terms of distance to the [[Atlantic]] coast and in the situation along the course of the [[Ebro river]], is characterized by values ranging from those typically found in temperate [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] climates to the warmer and drier ones observed in southeastern [[Mediterranean climate|mediterranean]] regions of the river's valley. However, the weather station has a [[cold semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSk'') with [[humid subtropical climate|subtropical]] influences. The average annual temperature is {{convert|13.9|°C|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Weather in Logroño|url=http://www.logrono-hotels.com/information/weather.html|access-date=12 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501161603/http://www.logrono-hotels.com/information/weather.html|archive-date=1 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="AEMET.es: ‘Standard Climate Values for Logroño, ES’">{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=9170&k=rio|title=Standard Climate Values for Logroño|publisher=Agencia Estatal de Meteorología|access-date=5 June 2015}}</ref> Although infrequent, unusually low temperatures during the winter can drop to {{convert|-5|C|0}} or even lower, while daily high averages may exceptionally exceed the mark of {{convert|38|C|0}} in a particularly hot summer. The average annual precipitation is about {{convert|400|mm|2|abbr=on}}, regularly spread over the whole year: from {{convert|20|–|25|mm|2|abbr=on}} in drier periods to the {{convert|45|-|50|mm|2|abbr=on}} range in the rainiest.<ref name="AEMET.es: ‘Standard Climate Values for Logroño, ES’" /> The winds that affect the city are as follows: the northerly [[Cierzo]], the southerly Ábrego, the easterly Solano, and the westerly Castellano. Intermediate winds are the northeasterly Navarrico, the northwesterly Regañón, the southwesterly Burgalés and the southeasterly Soriano.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}


{{Weather box|location = Logroño (1991–2020 normals, extremes since 1948)
{{Weather box|location = Logroño (1991–2020 normals, extremes since 1948)
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|Dec precipitation mm = 38
|Dec precipitation mm = 38
|year precipitation mm = 405
|year precipitation mm = 405
| unit precipitation days = 1 mm
|Jan humidity = 78
| Jan precipitation days =5.6
|Feb humidity = 72
| Feb precipitation days =5.1
|Mar humidity = 65
| Mar precipitation days =4.7
|Apr humidity = 64
| Apr precipitation days =7.4
|May humidity = 62
| May precipitation days =8.0
|Jun humidity = 57
| Jun precipitation days =5.2
|Jul humidity = 55
| Jul precipitation days =3.7
|Aug humidity = 58
| Aug precipitation days =3.4
|Sep humidity = 64
| Sep precipitation days =3.9
|Oct humidity = 72
| Oct precipitation days =6.5
|Nov humidity = 77
| Nov precipitation days =6.7
|Dec humidity = 80
| Dec precipitation days =6.5
|year humidity = 67
| year precipitation days =
| Jan snow days =1.5
| Feb snow days =1.4
| Mar snow days =0.6
| Apr snow days =0
| May snow days =0
| Jun snow days =0
| Jul snow days =0
| Aug snow days =0
| Sep snow days =0
| Oct snow days =0
| Nov snow days =0.2
| Dec snow days =0.9
| year snow days =
| Jan humidity =78
| Feb humidity =72
| Mar humidity =65
| Apr humidity =64
| May humidity =62
| Jun humidity =57
| Jul humidity =55
| Aug humidity =58
| Sep humidity =64
| Oct humidity =72
| Nov humidity =77
| Dec humidity =80
| year humidity =
|Jan sun = 105
|Jan sun = 105
|Feb sun = 133
|Feb sun = 133
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*Paseo del Príncipe de Vergara (El Espolón): Located in the financial center of the capital and positioned in the center by the statue of General [[Espartero]].
*Paseo del Príncipe de Vergara (El Espolón): Located in the financial center of the capital and positioned in the center by the statue of General [[Espartero]].
*Plaza del Ayuntamiento: Located on the Avenue of Peace, the modern Town Hall of Logroño, designed by architect [[Rafael Moneo]], is in a large plaza where in years past it has seen numerous public acts, festivals, expositions, concerts, and in the last few years, during Christmas, a life size reconstruction of the nativity scene.
*Plaza del Ayuntamiento: Located on the Avenue of Peace, the modern Town Hall of Logroño, designed by architect [[Rafael Moneo]], is in a large plaza where in years past it has seen numerous public acts, festivals, expositions, concerts, and in the last few years, during Christmas, a life-size reconstruction of the nativity scene.
*Parque del Carmen: Located near the bus station, this park has a variety of flora and fauna including several ducks and birds.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
*Parque del Carmen: Located near the bus station, this park has a variety of flora and fauna including several ducks and birds.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}


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==Broadcasting stations==
==Broadcasting stations==
Southwest of Logroño, at 42°26'34"N 2°30'43"W, there is a mediumwave broadcasting station with a transmission power of 20&nbsp;kW.
Southwest of Logroño, at 42°26'34"N 2°30'43"W, there is a mediumwave broadcasting station with a transmission power of 20&nbsp;kW.


{{Expand section|date=January 2010}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2010}}
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Logroño is associated with:
Logroño is associated with:


*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Vichy]], France <small>''(since 1965)''</small><ref name="Vichy twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=3#tabs3 |title=National Commission for Decentralised cooperation |access-date=2013-12-26 |work=Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/2013.10.04-135322/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=3 |archive-date=2013-10-04 }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Vichy]], France <small>''(since 1965)''</small><ref name="Vichy twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=3#tabs3 |title=National Commission for Decentralised cooperation |access-date=2013-12-26 |work=Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131004135322/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=3 |archive-date=2013-10-04 }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Wilhelmshaven]], Germany <small>''(since 1990)''</small>
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Wilhelmshaven]], Germany <small>''(since 1990)''</small>


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*'''[[María Teresa Gil de Gárate]]''', (1906–1985) educator.
*'''[[María Teresa Gil de Gárate]]''', (1906–1985) educator.
*[[Gerardo Sacristán Torralba|'''Gerardo Sacristán''']], (1907–1964) painter.
*[[Gerardo Sacristán Torralba|'''Gerardo Sacristán''']], (1907–1964) painter.
*'''[[Lola Rodríguez Aragón]]''', (1910–1984) soprano and entrepreneur.
*[[José Blanco Ruiz|'''Pepe Blanco''']], (1911–1981) singer and actor.
*[[José Blanco Ruiz|'''Pepe Blanco''']], (1911–1981) singer and actor.
*'''[[Enrique Blanco Lac]]''', (1914–1994) painter.
*'''[[Enrique Blanco Lac]]''', (1914–1994) painter.
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060617122003/http://www.bermemar.com/alcaldes/index.htm Mayors of Logroño] {{in lang|es}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060617122003/http://www.bermemar.com/alcaldes/index.htm Mayors of Logroño] {{in lang|es}}
*[http://cofradiadelpez.com/ Fish Brotherhood] {{in lang|es}}
*[http://cofradiadelpez.com/ Fish Brotherhood] {{in lang|es}}
*[https://www.rioja.uk/places/logrono/ Lorono Travel Information] {{in lang|en}}


{{commons|Logroño}}
{{commons|Logroño}}

Latest revision as of 16:09, 16 November 2024

For the town in Ecuador, see Logroño, Ecuador.
Logroño
Municipality
Panoramic view
Co-Cathedral
Plaza del Mercado
Stone bridge over Ebro
Monumento to Espartero
Flag of Logroño
Flag
Coat of arms of Logroño
Coat of arms
Map
Location of Logroño
Logroño is located in La Rioja, Spain
Logroño
Logroño is located in Spain
Logroño
Coordinates: 42°27′54″N 2°26′44″W / 42.46500°N 2.44556°W / 42.46500; -2.44556
CountrySpain
Autonomous communityLa Rioja
Government
Area
79.57 km2 (30.72 sq mi)
Elevation
384 m (1,260 ft)
Population
 (2020)[1]
152,485
 • Density1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
197,000
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Websitewww.logro-o.org

Logroño (Spanish: [loˈɣɾoɲo] ⓘ) is the capital of the autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. Located in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, primarily in the right (South) bank of the Ebro River, Logroño has historically been a place of passage, such as the Camino de Santiago. Its borders were disputed between the Iberian kingdoms of Castille, Navarre and Aragon during the Middle Ages.

The population of the city in 2021 was 150,808 while the metropolitan area included nearly 200,000 inhabitants. The city is a centre of trade of Rioja wine, for which the area is noted, and manufacturing of wood, metal and textile products.

Etymology

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Origin of the name

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The origin of this toponym is, as for many other places, unknown. The name Lucronio was first used in a document from 965 where García Sánchez I of Pamplona donated the so-called place to the Monastery of San Millán. In the Fuero of Logroño from 1095 it appeared under the name Logronio, except once when it was called illo Gronio. The most broadly accepted theses seem to be those which indicate it is a late latinization by prefixing the article "lo/illo" to the old toponym Gronio/Gronno,[2] a word of Celtic origin which means the ford or the pass.[citation needed] It is believed that this name was due to the frequent use of this place to cross the Ebro river.

Other historians have proposed alternative theories, such as a possible derivation from Lucus Brun or Lucus Beronius ("Sacred place in the Beronian forest"), but its etymology remains unknown.[3]

Titles

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John II of Castile granted it the title of "City" on 7 February 1431 in Palencia and ratified it on 20 February in Valladolid,[4] thus it stopped being called "Village", despite there being no explicit justification of the reasons for that change. 20 July 1444 the same king added the titles of "Very noble", Spanish: Muy Noble, and "Very loyal", Spanish: Muy Leal, which up until today appear in the seal of the city. In this case, the reason was the loyalty of the habitants against the homonymous king John II of Aragon, because despite the «long war, and wounds and deaths, and robberies, and fires, and damages and oppressions», the city remained loyal to the service of the king of Castile.

On 5 July 1523, the king Francis I granted it the three fleurs-de-lis for the shield of the city for its resistance during the French siege in 1521.

It also received by Royal Decree the title of "Excellence" 6 December 1854 from Isabella II, as a reward for its behavior during the cholera epidemic which devastated the city.

Geography

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Logroño is located in the northern region of La Rioja, on the river Ebro, 384 metres (1,260 feet) above sea level. The Camino de Santiago passes through the city. The geographical coordinates of the city are: 42° 27′ N, 2° 29′ W.

The city lies 152 km (94 mi) from Bilbao, 172 km (107 mi) from Zaragoza, 336 km (209 mi) from Madrid and 468 km (291 mi) from Barcelona.

History

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Logroño was an old settlement, first of the Romans, under the name of Vareia,[5] a commercial port, and then of the Celts.[dubious – discuss] From the 10th century, possession of Logroño was disputed between the kings of Navarre and those of Castile; the region was finally annexed to Castile. The name is a combination of le and Groin, mashed together as Logroño over time. Alfonso VI of Castile granted Logroño in 1095 a charter of rights that served as a model for other Spanish cities. In 1609 and 1610 Logroño was the main seat of the Basque witch trials, part of the Spanish Inquisition.

Famous people from Logroño include Manuel Bretón de los Herreros, Fausto Elhúyar, Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, Rafael Azcona, Ramón Castroviejo, Pedro J. Ramírez, Navarrete "El Mudo".

Demographics

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Population centres

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Politics

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List of mayors since the democratic elections of 1979
Term Mayor Political Party
1979–1983 Miguel Ángel Marín UCD
1983–1987 Manuel Sainz Ochoa PSOE
1987–1991 Manuel Sainz Ochoa PSOE
1991–1995 Manuel Sainz Ochoa PSOE
1995–1999 José Luis Bermejo PP
1999–2003 Julio Revuelta PP
2003–2007 Julio Revuelta PP
2007–2011 Tomás Santos PSOE
2011–2015 Cuca Gamarra PP
2015–2019 Cuca Gamarra PP
2019–2023 Pablo Hermoso de Mendoza PSOE
2023– Conrado Escobar PP

Economy

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Logroño is the shopping and financial capital of La Rioja. Its economy is heavily reliant on wine, the most popular of which is Rioja D.O. Logroño is twinned with Dunfermline, Darmstadt, Libourne, Dax, Rancagua, Ciudad de La Rioja, Brescia, El Hagounia. The airport Logroño-Agoncillo connects the city with Madrid.

Food

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There are over 50 taperías (tapas restaurants) located within a four-block area near the town center. The traditional tapas restaurants often serve only one tapa [such as seta (mushroom), served as pincho – pintxo in Basque – meaning one serving, or media ración ("half portion"), a small plate of tapas, but offer the Rioja D.O.

Climate

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The weather in Logroño – mostly due to its peculiar location, both in terms of distance to the Atlantic coast and in the situation along the course of the Ebro river, is characterized by values ranging from those typically found in temperate oceanic climates to the warmer and drier ones observed in southeastern mediterranean regions of the river's valley. However, the weather station has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk) with subtropical influences. The average annual temperature is 13.9 °C (57 °F).[6][7] Although infrequent, unusually low temperatures during the winter can drop to −5 °C (23 °F) or even lower, while daily high averages may exceptionally exceed the mark of 38 °C (100 °F) in a particularly hot summer. The average annual precipitation is about 400 mm (15.75 in), regularly spread over the whole year: from 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in) in drier periods to the 45–50 mm (1.77–1.97 in) range in the rainiest.[7] The winds that affect the city are as follows: the northerly Cierzo, the southerly Ábrego, the easterly Solano, and the westerly Castellano. Intermediate winds are the northeasterly Navarrico, the northwesterly Regañón, the southwesterly Burgalés and the southeasterly Soriano.[citation needed]

Climate data for Logroño (1991–2020 normals, extremes since 1948)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.3
(66.7) 		23.1
(73.6) 		28.8
(83.8) 		31.2
(88.2) 		39.8
(103.6) 		42.2
(108.0) 		42.8
(109.0) 		40.8
(105.4) 		39.0
(102.2) 		31.4
(88.5) 		27.4
(81.3) 		21.4
(70.5) 		42.8
(109.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.4
(50.7) 		12.2
(54.0) 		16.3
(61.3) 		18.6
(65.5) 		22.8
(73.0) 		27.5
(81.5) 		30.4
(86.7) 		30.5
(86.9) 		25.9
(78.6) 		20.5
(68.9) 		14.0
(57.2) 		10.4
(50.7) 		20.0
(68.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.4
(43.5) 		7.3
(45.1) 		10.5
(50.9) 		12.5
(54.5) 		16.3
(61.3) 		20.6
(69.1) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.1
(73.6) 		19.4
(66.9) 		14.9
(58.8) 		9.7
(49.5) 		6.7
(44.1) 		14.2
(57.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.3
(36.1) 		2.4
(36.3) 		4.6
(40.3) 		6.5
(43.7) 		9.9
(49.8) 		13.6
(56.5) 		15.7
(60.3) 		15.8
(60.4) 		12.8
(55.0) 		9.3
(48.7) 		5.4
(41.7) 		2.9
(37.2) 		8.5
(47.3)
Record low °C (°F) −11.6
(11.1) 		−9.6
(14.7) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		0.6
(33.1) 		4.8
(40.6) 		7.2
(45.0) 		6.2
(43.2) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−8.2
(17.2) 		−11.6
(11.1) 		−11.6
(11.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 36.8
(1.45) 		31.3
(1.23) 		37.3
(1.47) 		44.6
(1.76) 		45.8
(1.80) 		45.3
(1.78) 		32.1
(1.26) 		20.4
(0.80) 		31.0
(1.22) 		37.8
(1.49) 		48.3
(1.90) 		37.3
(1.47) 		448
(17.63)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 6.9 5.9 6.1 7.2 7.6 5.6 3.7 3.4 4.4 6.7 7.7 6.7 71.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 109 137 198 209 240 281 321 298 232 172 112 97 2,406
Source: Météo Climat[8]
Climate data for Logroño (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.3
(66.7) 		23.0
(73.4) 		27.6
(81.7) 		31.2
(88.2) 		37.6
(99.7) 		42.2
(108.0) 		42.8
(109.0) 		40.6
(105.1) 		39.0
(102.2) 		31.4
(88.5) 		27.4
(81.3) 		21.4
(70.5) 		42.8
(109.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.9
(49.8) 		12.0
(53.6) 		15.9
(60.6) 		17.8
(64.0) 		22.0
(71.6) 		26.9
(80.4) 		30.1
(86.2) 		29.8
(85.6) 		25.8
(78.4) 		20.1
(68.2) 		13.8
(56.8) 		10.2
(50.4) 		19.5
(67.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.9
(42.6) 		7.2
(45.0) 		10.2
(50.4) 		12.0
(53.6) 		15.9
(60.6) 		20.1
(68.2) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.7
(72.9) 		19.3
(66.7) 		14.7
(58.5) 		9.5
(49.1) 		6.5
(43.7) 		13.9
(57.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.0
(35.6) 		2.4
(36.3) 		4.6
(40.3) 		6.3
(43.3) 		9.7
(49.5) 		13.3
(55.9) 		15.6
(60.1) 		15.6
(60.1) 		12.9
(55.2) 		9.2
(48.6) 		5.3
(41.5) 		2.8
(37.0) 		8.3
(46.9)
Record low °C (°F) −11.6
(11.1) 		−9.6
(14.7) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		0.6
(33.1) 		4.8
(40.6) 		7.2
(45.0) 		6.2
(43.2) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−8.2
(17.2) 		−11.6
(11.1) 		−11.6
(11.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 28
(1.1) 		23
(0.9) 		26
(1.0) 		46
(1.8) 		47
(1.9) 		44
(1.7) 		30
(1.2) 		21
(0.8) 		26
(1.0) 		37
(1.5) 		40
(1.6) 		38
(1.5) 		405
(15.9)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 5.6 5.1 4.7 7.4 8.0 5.2 3.7 3.4 3.9 6.5 6.7 6.5 66.7
Average snowy days 1.5 1.4 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.9 4.6
Average relative humidity (%) 78 72 65 64 62 57 55 58 64 72 77 80 67
Mean monthly sunshine hours 105 133 189 198 225 270 312 285 220 164 113 93 2,305
Source: AEMET[7][9]

Places of interest

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Façade of Parliament of La Rioja in Logroño.
Santa María de Palacio Church.

Recreation (plazas and parks)

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  • Paseo del Príncipe de Vergara (El Espolón): Located in the financial center of the capital and positioned in the center by the statue of General Espartero.
  • Plaza del Ayuntamiento: Located on the Avenue of Peace, the modern Town Hall of Logroño, designed by architect Rafael Moneo, is in a large plaza where in years past it has seen numerous public acts, festivals, expositions, concerts, and in the last few years, during Christmas, a life-size reconstruction of the nativity scene.
  • Parque del Carmen: Located near the bus station, this park has a variety of flora and fauna including several ducks and birds.[citation needed]
One of the Palaces of Espolón.
  • Plaza del Mercado: Located somewhere near Calle Portales, one of the most famous avenues of the city, at the foot of the Round Cathedral. This is where the nightly festivals of Logroño occur, near Calle Mayor (Marqués de San Nicolas Street).
  • Parque del Ebro: Located near the Ebro, an extensive park full of vegetation ideal for relaxing. Also has a bike path traversing through the park.
  • Parque de la Ribera: Next to Parque del Ebro, recently constructed. Here many gardens are found alongside the Plaza de Toros de la Ribera. Also: Riojaforum. Palacio de Congresos y Auditorio de La Rioja
  • Parque de San Miguel
Parque del Ebro.

Social life

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Calle del Laurel, known as "the path of the elephants" and Calle San Juan are typical streets where various restaurants and tapas bars offer some of the best pinchos and tapas in northern Spain. Calle Portales is the main street in the old town, where people like to walk and sit in the terraces to eat a meal or drink wine. Calle Marqués de San Nicolás (otherwise known as Calle Mayor) is the main area where people spend weekend nights.

Broadcasting stations

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Southwest of Logroño, at 42°26'34"N 2°30'43"W, there is a mediumwave broadcasting station with a transmission power of 20 kW.

Sports

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Triple jumper Carlota Castrejana is from the city. David Lopez Moreno, the Brighton & Hove Albion midfielder is from Logroño.

Festivals and traditions

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Arch of Saint Barnabas.

The patron saint of Logroño is Santa María de la Esperanza.

The most important festivals are:

  • San Bernabé (Saint Barnabas), celebrated on June 11, commemorating the victory and resistance of Logroño against French invaders under Francis I that besieged the city in May and June 1521. During this celebration, fried trout is typically served by the Fish Brotherhood, along with bread and wine, allegedly the only foodstuffs available in Logroño during the siege.
  • San Mateo, celebrated between September 20 and September 26. Since 2006 the celebrations start the Saturday before September 21 (the day of Saint Matthew) and last for a week.

During the first week of January there is a cultural festival known as "ACTUAL" with music, theater and art.

International relations

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain

Twin towns and sister cities

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Logroño is twinned with:

Logroño is associated with:

Transport

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The city is served by the Logroño railway station.

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In the 4th season of the HBO television series True Blood, the witch Antonia is from Logroño. She refers to herself as Antonia Galván de Logroño. In the Netflix original series Money Heist, where members of the band of bank robbers use cities as codenames, their accomplice Benjamín Martínez is jokingly given the codename 'Logroño'.

Notable people

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Some notable people from Logroño are:

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  • Roman ruins in Varea, near Logroño. This old village was known as "Vareia".
    Roman ruins in Varea, near Logroño. This old village was known as "Vareia".
  • Monumento del Fuero de Logroño, given by Alfonso VI in 1095, near the Town Hall
    Monumento del Fuero de Logroño, given by Alfonso VI in 1095, near the Town Hall
  • Arch of Revellín Wall
    Arch of Revellín Wall
  • Science "House"
    Science "House"
  • Universidad de La Rioja
    Universidad de La Rioja

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  2. ^ I. Rodríguez y R. de Lama, Colección diplomática medieval de La Rioja, vol. I, Logroño 1979, 272–293
  3. ^ Urbano Espinosa (1993). "El gentilicio Berones en el topónimo Logroño". In Jürgen Untermann; Jaime Siles (eds.). Studia palaeohispanica et indogermanica J. Untermann ab amicis hispanicis oblata. Edicions Universitat Barcelona. p. 139. ISBN 978-84-475-0418-3. El gentilicio Berones en el topónimo Logroño Urbano Espinosa Logroño forma parte de un reducido grupo de topónimos mayores en la España septentrional. cuya etimología resulta inexplicable.
  4. ^ Rolled leather parchment sealed with lead and the royal seal. Valladolid, 20 February 1431. Logroño municipal register
  5. ^ Keay, S.; R. Mathisen; H. Sivan; R. Talbert; T. Elliott; S. Gillies. "Places: 246729 (Vareia?)". Pleiades. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  6. ^ "Weather in Logroño". Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  7. ^ a b c "Standard Climate Values for Logroño". Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  8. ^ "Météo climat stats Moyennes 1991/2020 Espagne (page 2)" (in French). Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  9. ^ "Extreme Climate Values for Logroño". Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  10. ^ "Städtepartnerschaften und Internationales". Büro für Städtepartnerschaften und internationale Beziehungen (in German). Archived from the original on 2013-07-23. Retrieved 2013-07-26.
  11. ^ Rioja, La. "Actos del 50 Aniversario del hermanamiento entre Dax y Logroño - laRioja.com. Foto 1 de 38". www.larioja.com.
  12. ^ A-Z Twinning and Networking (. Accessed 2010-11-02.)
  13. ^ "Ayuntamiento de Logroño | Hagunia" (in Spanish). Xn--logroo-0wa.es. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  14. ^ "Ayuntamiento de Logroño | Libourne" (in Spanish). Xn--logroo-0wa.es. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  15. ^ "Ayuntamiento de Logroño | Rancagua" (in Spanish). Xn--logroo-0wa.es. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  16. ^ "National Commission for Decentralised cooperation". Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-10-04. Retrieved 2013-12-26.
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Logroño.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Logroño.
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