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Coordinates: 45°19′N 9°30′E / 45.317°N 9.500°E / 45.317; 9.500
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{{Redirect|Lodi, Italy||Lodi (disambiguation)#Italy{{!}}Lodi § Italy}}
{{Expand Italian|Lodi|fa=yes|date=December 2010}}
{{Expand Italian|topic=geo|Lodi}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name = Lodi
| name = Lodi
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| native_name = {{native name|lmo|Lòd}}
| native_name = {{native name|lmo|Lòd}}
| image_skyline = Piazza duomo lodi.jpg
| image_skyline = Piazza duomo lodi.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Piazza della Vittoria
| image_caption = Piazza della Vittoria
| image_flag = Flag of Lodi.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Lodi.svg
| image_shield = Lodi-Stemma.png
| image_shield = Lodi-Stemma.svg
| shield_alt =
| shield_alt =
| image_map = Map - IT - Lodi - Lodi.png
| image_map = Map - IT - Lodi - Lodi.png
| map_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|45|19|N|9|30|E|region:IT_type:city(42737)|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|45|19|N|9|30|E|region:IT_type:city(42737)|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region = {{RegioneIT|sigla=LOM}}
| region = {{RegioneIT|sigla=LOM}}
| province = {{ProvinciaIT (short form)|sigla=LO}} (LO)
| province = {{ProvinciaIT (short form)|sigla=LO}} (LO)
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| mayor_party = [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]
| mayor_party = [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]
| mayor = [[Andrea Furegato]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://elezioni.interno.it/comunali/scrutini/20170611/G030990310.htm|title = Dipartimento per gli Affari Interni e Territoriali}}</ref>
| mayor = [[Andrea Furegato]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://elezioni.interno.it/comunali/scrutini/20170611/G030990310.htm|title = Dipartimento per gli Affari Interni e Territoriali}}</ref>
| area_footnotes =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 41
| area_total_km2 = 41
| population_footnotes = <ref>Population data from [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]] - Italian Institute of Statistics</ref>
| population_footnotes = <ref>Population data from [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]] - Italian Institute of Statistics</ref>
| population_total = 45212
| population_total = 45212
| population_as_of = 1 January 2017
| population_as_of = 1 January 2017
| pop_density_footnotes =
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Lodigiani or Laudensi
| population_demonym = Lodigiani or Laudensi
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 87
| elevation_m = 87
| twin1 =
| twin1 =
| twin1_country =
| twin1_country =
| saint = [[St. Bassianus]]
| saint = [[St. Bassianus]]
| day = 19 January
| day = 19 January
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| area_code = 0371
| area_code = 0371
| website = {{Official website|http://www.comune.lodi.it}}
| website = {{Official website|http://www.comune.lodi.it}}
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Lodi''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|oʊ|d|i}} {{respell|LOH|dee}}, {{IPA-it|ˈlɔːdi|lang|It-Lodi.ogg}}; [[Western Lombard|Ludesan]]: {{lang|lmo|Lòd}}) is a city and ''[[comune]]'' in [[Lombardy]], northern [[Italy]], primarily on the western bank of the [[Adda River, Italy|River Adda]]. It is the capital of the [[province of Lodi]].
'''Lodi''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|oʊ|d|i}} {{respell|LOH|dee}}, {{IPA|it|ˈlɔːdi|lang|It-Lodi.ogg}}; [[Western Lombard|Ludesan]]: {{lang|lmo|Lòd}}) is a city and ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) in [[Lombardy]], northern Italy, primarily on the western bank of the [[Adda River, Italy|River Adda]]. It is the capital of the [[province of Lodi]].


==History==
==History==
{{Main articles|History of Lodi}}
{{Main articles|History of Lodi}}
[[File:General Bonaparte giving orders at the Battle of Lodi.jpg|thumb|left|''The Battle of Lodi'', by [[Louis-François, Baron Lejeune]].]]


===Antiquity===
Lodi was a [[Celts|Celtic]] village; in [[ancient Rome|Roman]] times it was called, in [[Latin]], '''Laus Pompeia''' (probably in honour of the [[consul]] [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo]]) and was known also because its position allowed many [[Gauls]] of ''Gallia Cisalpina'' to obtain Roman [[citizenship]]. It was in an important position where a vital [[Roman road]] crossed the River Adda.
[[File:General Bonaparte giving orders at the Battle of Lodi.jpg|thumb|''The Battle of Lodi'', by [[Louis-François Lejeune|Louis-François, Baron Lejeune]]]]
Lodi was a [[Celts|Celtic]] village; in [[ancient Rome|Roman]] times it was called, in [[Latin]], '''Laus Pompeia''' (probably in honour of the [[consul]] [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo]]) and was known also because its position allowed many [[Gauls]] of ''Gallia Cisalpina'' to obtain Roman [[citizenship]]. It was in an important position where a vital [[Roman road]] crossed the [[Adda (river)|River Adda]].


Lodi became the [[Holy See|see]] of a [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lodi|diocese]] in the 3rd century. [[Saint Bassianus]] (San Bassiano) is the patron saint of the town.
Lodi became the [[Holy See|see]] of a [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lodi|diocese]] in the 3rd century. [[Saint Bassianus]] (San Bassiano) is the patron saint of the town.


===Middle Ages===
A [[Medieval commune|free commune]] around 1000, it fiercely resisted the [[history of Milan|Milanese]], who destroyed it in 1111. The old town corresponds to the modern [[Lodi Vecchio]]. [[Frederick Barbarossa]] rebuilt it on its current location in 1158.
A [[Medieval commune|free commune]] around 1000, it fiercely resisted the [[history of Milan|Milanese]], who destroyed it in 1111. The old town corresponds to the modern [[Lodi Vecchio]]. [[Frederick Barbarossa]] rebuilt it on its current location in 1158.


From 1220, the ''Lodigiani'' (inhabitants of Lodi) spent decades in constructing a system of miles of artificial rivers and channels (called ''Consorzio di Muzza''). It was created to give water to the countryside, turning arid areas into one of the region's important agricultural areas.
From 1220, the ''Lodigiani'' (inhabitants of Lodi) spent decades in constructing a system of miles of artificial rivers and channels (called ''Consorzio di Muzza''). It was created to give water to the countryside, turning arid areas into one of the region's important agricultural areas.


===Renaissance===
From the 14th century Lodi was ruled by the [[Visconti of Milan|Visconti]] family, who built a castle there. In 1413, the [[antipope John XXIII]] launched the [[Papal bull|bull]] by which he convened the [[Council of Constance]] from the [[Duomo]] of Lodi. The council marked the end of the [[Western Schism|Great Schism]].
From the 14th century Lodi was ruled by the [[Visconti of Milan|Visconti]] family, who built a castle there. In 1413, the [[antipope John XXIII]] launched the [[Papal bull|bull]] by which he convened the [[Council of Constance]] from the [[Duomo]] of Lodi. The council marked the end of the [[Western Schism|Great Schism]].


In 1454, representatives from all the regional states of Italy met in Lodi to sign the treaty known as the [[peace of Lodi]], by which they intended to pursue [[Italian unification]]. This peace lasted 40 years.
In 1454, representatives from all the regional states of Italy met in Lodi to sign the treaty known as the [[peace of Lodi]], by which they intended to pursue [[Italian unification]]. This peace lasted 40 years.


The town was then ruled by the [[Sforza]] family, [[France]], [[Spain]] and [[Austria]]. In 1786 it became the eponymous capital of a province that between 1815 and 1859 would have included [[Crema, Italy|Crema]].
The town was then ruled by the [[Sforza]] family, [[France]], [[Spain]] and [[Austria]].


===Early modern era===
On 10 May 1796, in the first major battle of his career as a [[general]], the young [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] defeated the [[Austria]]ns aka the 1526-1804 [[Habsburg monarchy]] in the [[Battle of Lodi]]. In the second half of the 19th century, Lodi began to expand outside the city walls, boosted by economic expansion and the construction of railway lines that followed the unification of Italy.
In 1786, it became the eponymous capital of a province that between 1815 and 1859 included [[Crema, Italy|Crema]].


On 10 May 1796, in the first major battle of his career as a [[general]], the young [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] defeated the [[Habsburg monarchy]] at the [[Battle of Lodi]].
In 1945, the Italian petrol company Agip, directed by Enrico Mattei, started extracting methane from its fields, and Lodi was the first Italian town with a regular domestic gas service. Today the town is at the heart of important communication routes, and is a technologically advanced industrial centre, maintaining, however, also its strong traditional ceramics tradition.


==Main sights==
===Italy===
In the second half of the 19th century, Lodi began to expand outside the city walls and was boosted by economic expansion and the construction of railway lines that followed the unification of Italy.
[[File:Incoronata-interior-dome.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Interior Dome of Tempio Civico dell'Incoronata]]


In 1945, the Italian petrol company [[Agip]], directed by [[Enrico Mattei]], started extracting [[methane]] from its fields, and Lodi was the first Italian town with a regular domestic gas service.

The town is now at the heart of important communication routes, and is a technologically advanced industrial centre, maintaining, however, also its strong traditional ceramics tradition.

==Main sights==
[[File:Incoronata-interior-dome.jpg|thumb|Interior Dome of Tempio Civico dell'Incoronata]]
*Piazza della Vittoria, listed by the Italian Touring Club among the most beautiful squares in Italy.<ref>{{cite book|title=Piazze d'Italia|location=Milan|publisher=Touring Club Italiano|year=2004|isbn=88-365-3498-8}}</ref> Featuring [[portico]]es on all its four sides, it includes the [[Basilica della Vergine Assunta]] and the ''Broletto'' (town hall).
*Piazza della Vittoria, listed by the Italian Touring Club among the most beautiful squares in Italy.<ref>{{cite book|title=Piazze d'Italia|location=Milan|publisher=Touring Club Italiano|year=2004|isbn=88-365-3498-8}}</ref> Featuring [[portico]]es on all its four sides, it includes the [[Basilica della Vergine Assunta]] and the ''Broletto'' (town hall).
*Piazza Broletto, with a [[Verona marble]] baptismal font dating to the 14th century.
*Piazza Broletto, with a [[Verona marble]] baptismal font dating to the 14th century
*[[Beata Vergine Incoronata]], church in style of Lombard [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]].
*[[Beata Vergine Incoronata]], church in style of [[Renaissance in Lombardy|Lombard Renaissance]]
*[[San Francesco (Lodi)|San Francesco]], a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]-style church built in 1280–1307.
*[[San Francesco (Lodi)|San Francesco]], a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]-style church built in 1280–1307
*[[San Lorenzo, Lodi|San Lorenzo]], a church with frescoes by [[Callisto Piazza]].
*[[San Lorenzo, Lodi|San Lorenzo]], a church with frescoes by [[Callisto Piazza]]
*[[Santa Maria del Sole, Lodi|Santa Maria del Sole]], a late Baroque-style Catholic church.
*[[Santa Maria del Sole, Lodi|Santa Maria del Sole]], a late Baroque-style Catholic church
*[[Santa Maria Maddalena, Lodi|Santa Maria Maddalena]], a [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] church. The original [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] structure (1162) was replaced in the 18th century. The interior has frescoes by [[Carlo Innocenzo Carloni]] and a ''Deposition'' attributed to [[Robert de Longe]].
*[[Santa Maria Maddalena, Lodi|Santa Maria Maddalena]], a [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] church. The original [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] structure (1162) was replaced in the 18th century. The interior has frescoes by [[Carlo Innocenzo Carloni]] and a ''Deposition'' attributed to [[Robert de Longe]].
*[[Sant'Agnese, Lodi|Sant'Agnese]], church in Lombard [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style (14th century). It includes the ''Galliani Polyptych'' by [[Albertino Piazza]] (1520), and has, on the façade, a rose window decorated with polychrome [[Maiolica|majolica]].
*[[Sant'Agnese, Lodi|Sant'Agnese]], church in Lombard [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style (14th century). It includes the ''Galliani Polyptych'' by [[Albertino Piazza]] (1520), and has, on the [[façade]], a rose window decorated with polychrome [[Maiolica|majolica]].
*[[San Filippo, Lodi|San Filippo]], [[Rococo]]-style church
*[[San Filippo, Lodi|San Filippo]], [[Rococo]]-style church
*Palazzo Vescovile (Bishopric Palace), of medieval origin but rebuilt in the 18th century.
*Palazzo Vescovile (Bishopric Palace), of medieval origin but rebuilt in the 18th century
*[[San Cristoforo, Lodi|San Cristoforo]], church designed by [[Pellegrino Tibaldi]].
*[[San Cristoforo, Lodi|San Cristoforo]], church designed by [[Pellegrino Tibaldi]]
*[[Visconti Castle (Lodi)|Visconti Castle]] (''Torrione''), a medieval castle now partially destroyed.
*[[Visconti Castle (Lodi)|Visconti Castle]] (''Torrione''), a medieval castle now partially destroyed
*Palazzo Mozzanica (15th century)
*Palazzo Mozzanica (15th century)
*[[Palazzo Modignani, Lodi|Palazzo Modignani]], 18th-century urban palace
*[[Palazzo Modignani, Lodi|Palazzo Modignani]], 18th-century urban palace
*Torre di Lodi, a modern building high 70 meters about. It is located in the Business District, and it is the tallest building in the city.
*Torre di Lodi, a modern building high 70 meters about. It is located in the Business District, and is the tallest building in the city.
*''[[Biblioteca Laudense]]'' located in Palazzo San Filippo, adjacent to church
*''[[Biblioteca Laudense]]'', located in Palazzo San Filippo, adjacent to church


==Government==
==Government==
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''IBSA'' Institut Biochimique SA, a Swiss pharmaceutical multinational company, has its Italian headquarters in Lodi, as well as a production plant.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gli stabilimenti produttivi in Italia |url=https://www.ibsa.it/chi-siamo/gli-stabilimenti-produttivi-in-italia.html |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=ibsa.it |language=it}}</ref>
''IBSA'' Institut Biochimique SA, a Swiss pharmaceutical multinational company, has its Italian headquarters in Lodi, as well as a production plant.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gli stabilimenti produttivi in Italia |url=https://www.ibsa.it/chi-siamo/gli-stabilimenti-produttivi-in-italia.html |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=ibsa.it |language=it}}</ref>


The Officine Meccaniche Lodigiane were also located in the city. See [[:it:Lodi]].
The Officine Meccaniche Lodigiane were also located in the city.


== Culture ==
==Culture==
=== Ceramics ===


===Ceramics===
{{Main|Lodi ceramics}}
{{Main|Lodi ceramics}}

The production of [[ceramic]] in the Lodi area reached its artistic peak in the 18th century, with the production of fine, [[Tin-glazed pottery|tin-glazed]] [[maiolica]]. The main factories were those of Coppellotti, Ferretti and Rossetti.
The production of [[ceramic]] in the Lodi area reached its artistic peak in the 18th century, with the production of fine, [[Tin-glazed pottery|tin-glazed]] [[maiolica]]. The main factories were those of Coppellotti, Ferretti and Rossetti.


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The Rossetti factory was active in Lodi between 1729 and 1736. Most of the Rossetti ceramics are in monochromatic turquoise and have decorations inspired by Roman art revisited in a [[Baroque]] style, such as pillars, balustrades, capitals, urns, shells, stylized leaves garlands, divinities and satyrs. Some ceramics feature landscapes in the center, with views of cities and castles, hills, lakes, clouds and birds.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ferrari|first=Felice|title=La ceramica di Lodi|trans-title=Lodi ceramics|language=it|year=2003|publisher=Bolis Edizioni|location=Azzano San Paolo|pages=45–51}}</ref>
The Rossetti factory was active in Lodi between 1729 and 1736. Most of the Rossetti ceramics are in monochromatic turquoise and have decorations inspired by Roman art revisited in a [[Baroque]] style, such as pillars, balustrades, capitals, urns, shells, stylized leaves garlands, divinities and satyrs. Some ceramics feature landscapes in the center, with views of cities and castles, hills, lakes, clouds and birds.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ferrari|first=Felice|title=La ceramica di Lodi|trans-title=Lodi ceramics|language=it|year=2003|publisher=Bolis Edizioni|location=Azzano San Paolo|pages=45–51}}</ref>


The Ferretti factory was active in Lodi in the 18th century until the beginning of the 19th century. Ferretti ceramics are famous for the decoration with naturalistic flowers, with very bright and lively colours.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ferrari|first=Felice|title=La ceramica di Lodi|trans-title=Lodi ceramics|language=it|year=2003|publisher=Bolis Edizioni|location=Azzano San Paolo|pages=53–64}}</ref> Most frequently these were wild flowers, such as [[myosotis|forget-me-not]], [[ranunculus|buttercups]], [[Centaurea cyanus]], [[campanula]], [[primula|primroses]] and [[dog rose]]; but also cultivated [[rose]]s, [[tulip]]s and [[Dianthus caryophyllus|carnations]] were painted.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gelmini|first=Maria Laura|chapter=L'arte ceramica lodigiana|title=Maioliche lodigiane del '700|trans-title=Lodi maiolica in the 18th century|language=it|year=1995|publisher=Electa|location=Venice|isbn=88-435-5402-6|page=46}}</ref> Ferretti also painted other kind of decorations, such as Oriental figures, fruits, fish and still lifes.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ferrari|first=Felice|title=La ceramica di Lodi|trans-title=Lodi ceramics|language=it|year=2003|publisher=Bolis Edizioni|location=Azzano San Paolo|pages=53–64}}</ref>
The Ferretti factory was active in Lodi in the 18th century until the beginning of the 19th century.
Ferretti ceramics are famous for the decoration with naturalistic flowers, with very bright and lively colours.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ferrari|first=Felice|title=La ceramica di Lodi|trans-title=Lodi ceramics|language=it|year=2003|publisher=Bolis Edizioni|location=Azzano San Paolo|pages=53–64}}</ref> Most frequently these were wild flowers, such as [[myosotis|forget-me-not]], [[ranunculus|buttercups]], [[Centaurea cyanus]], [[campanula]], [[primula|primroses]] and [[dog rose]]; but also cultivated [[rose]]s, [[tulip]]s and [[Dianthus caryophyllus|carnations]] were painted.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gelmini|first=Maria Laura|chapter=L'arte ceramica lodigiana|title=Maioliche lodigiane del '700|trans-title=Lodi maiolica in the 18th century|language=it|year=1995|publisher=Electa|location=Venice|isbn=88-435-5402-6|page=46}}</ref> Ferretti also painted other kind of decorations, such as Oriental figures, fruits, fish and still lifes.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ferrari|first=Felice|title=La ceramica di Lodi|trans-title=Lodi ceramics|language=it|year=2003|publisher=Bolis Edizioni|location=Azzano San Paolo|pages=53–64}}</ref>


A large exposition of Lodi ceramics could be visited in The Museo Civico di Lodi until its closure in 2011, when all its content was moved to long-term storage<ref>{{cite web |url= https://milano.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/17_febbraio_27/lodi-300-opere-d-arte-sepolte-museo-che-non-c-sei-anni-5d08d1ee-fc68-11e6-8717-6cdb036394a5.shtml |title=Lodi, le 300 opere d'arte sepolte E il museo che non c'è da sei anni|last=Gastaldi|first=Francesco|language=it|date=27 February 2017|access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref> waiting for relocation.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/112 |title=Museo Civico|language=it|access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://museilodi.it/site/realta-museali/museo-civico-lodi/ |title=Museo Civico - Lodi|language=it|access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref>
A large exposition of Lodi ceramics could be visited in The Museo Civico di Lodi until its closure in 2011, when all its content was moved to long-term storage<ref>{{cite web |url= https://milano.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/17_febbraio_27/lodi-300-opere-d-arte-sepolte-museo-che-non-c-sei-anni-5d08d1ee-fc68-11e6-8717-6cdb036394a5.shtml |title=Lodi, le 300 opere d'arte sepolte E il museo che non c'è da sei anni|last=Gastaldi|first=Francesco|language=it|date=27 February 2017|access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref> waiting for relocation.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/112 |title=Museo Civico|language=it|access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://museilodi.it/site/realta-museali/museo-civico-lodi/ |title=Museo Civico - Lodi|language=it|access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref>


==Twin towns==
==Twin towns==
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Konstanz|Constance]], [[Germany]]
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Konstanz|Constance]], Germany
*{{flagicon|United States}} [[Lodi, California|Lodi]], [[California]], [[United States]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lodi.gov/783/Lodi-Sister-City-Committee|title=Lodi Sister City Committee &#124; Lodi, CA}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|United States}} [[Lodi, California]], United States<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lodi.gov/783/Lodi-Sister-City-Committee|title=Lodi Sister City Committee &#124; Lodi, CA}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Omegna]], Italy.
*{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Omegna]], Italy
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Fontainebleau]], [[France]].
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Fontainebleau]], France

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Lodi (1991–2020)
|Jan high C = 6.2
|Feb high C = 9.3
|Mar high C = 15.1
|Apr high C = 19.0
|May high C = 24.1
|Jun high C = 28.1
|Jul high C = 30.6
|Aug high C = 30.1
|Sep high C = 25.3
|Oct high C = 18.6
|Nov high C = 11.7
|Dec high C = 6.5
| year high C =
|Jan mean C = 2.7
|Feb mean C = 4.7
|Mar mean C = 9.5
|Apr mean C = 13.4
|May mean C = 18.4
|Jun mean C = 22.3
|Jul mean C = 24.4
|Aug mean C = 23.9
|Sep mean C = 19.4
|Oct mean C = 14.0
|Nov mean C = 8.2
|Dec mean C = 3.3
| year mean C =
|Jan low C = -0.7
|Feb low C = 0.1
|Mar low C = 3.9
|Apr low C = 7.8
|May low C = 12.6
|Jun low C = 16.6
|Jul low C = 18.2
|Aug low C = 17.7
|Sep low C = 13.6
|Oct low C = 9.4
|Nov low C = 4.7
|Dec low C = 0.1
| year low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 61
|Feb precipitation mm = 65
|Mar precipitation mm = 69
|Apr precipitation mm = 75
|May precipitation mm = 77
|Jun precipitation mm = 68
|Jul precipitation mm = 61
|Aug precipitation mm = 84
|Sep precipitation mm = 71
|Oct precipitation mm = 99
|Nov precipitation mm = 101
|Dec precipitation mm = 67
| source 1 = Climi e viaggi<ref name=Clim>{{cite web
| url = https://www.climieviaggi.it/clima/italia/lodi
| title = Clima - Lodi (Lombardia)
| publisher= Climi e viaggi
| access-date = 29 June 2024}}</ref>
| source 2 = Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (precipitation 1951–1980)<ref name=ISPRA>{{cite web
| url = https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/files/pubblicazioni/SA_55_14_Valori_climatici_normali.pdf
| title = Valori climatici normali di temperatura e precipitazione in Italia
| publisher= Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale
| access-date = 29 June 2024}}</ref>
}}


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Lodi duomo.JPG|The [[facade]] of [[Lodi Cathedral]] and Piazza della Vittoria
File:Lodi duomo.JPG|The [[façade]] of [[Lodi Cathedral]] and Piazza della Vittoria
File:Prothyrum-Cathedral-Lodi.JPG|[[Prothyrum]] of Lodi Cathedral
File:Prothyrum-Cathedral-Lodi.JPG|[[Prothyrum]] of Lodi Cathedral
File:Rose-window-Cathedral-Lodi.JPG|[[Rose window]] of Lodi Cathedral
File:Rose-window-Cathedral-Lodi.JPG|[[Rose window]] of Lodi Cathedral
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File:Lodi, Tempio Civico della Beata Vergine Incoronata 014.JPG| Painting by [[Bergognone]] representing the [[Visitation (Christianity)|Visitation]] in the Church of Beata Vergine Incoronata
File:Lodi, Tempio Civico della Beata Vergine Incoronata 014.JPG| Painting by [[Bergognone]] representing the [[Visitation (Christianity)|Visitation]] in the Church of Beata Vergine Incoronata
File:Lodi, Tempio Civico della Beata Vergine Incoronata 013.JPG|Painting by [[Callisto Piazza]] representing [[Salome]] presenting the head of Saint [[John the Baptist]] to [[Herod II]]
File:Lodi, Tempio Civico della Beata Vergine Incoronata 013.JPG|Painting by [[Callisto Piazza]] representing [[Salome]] presenting the head of Saint [[John the Baptist]] to [[Herod II]]
File:Lodi - chiesa di San Francesco - facciata.jpg|Facade of [[San Francesco, Lodi|San Francesco]] Church
File:Lodi - chiesa di San Francesco - facciata.jpg|Façade of [[San Francesco, Lodi|San Francesco]] Church
File:Open-sky-bifora-SanFrancesco-Lodi.JPG|Open sky [[bifora (architecture)|bifora]] in the facade of San Francesco Church
File:Open-sky-bifora-SanFrancesco-Lodi.JPG|Open sky [[bifora (architecture)|bifora]] in the façade of San Francesco Church
File:Lodi, San Francesco-Frescos 001.JPG|Frescoes in the Church of San Francesco
File:Lodi, San Francesco-Frescos 001.JPG|Frescoes in the Church of San Francesco
File:Lodi - chiostro della Farmacia - 02.jpg|[[Cloister]] of Ospedale vecchio
File:Lodi - chiostro della Farmacia - 02.jpg|[[Cloister]] of Ospedale vecchio
File:Lodi - chiesa di San Filippo.jpg|Facade of [[San Filippo Neri, Lodi|San Filippo]] Church
File:Lodi - chiesa di San Filippo.jpg|Façade of [[San Filippo Neri, Lodi|San Filippo]] Church
File:Lodi - chiesa di Sant’Agnese - portale.jpg|[[Portal (architecture)|Portal]] of [[Sant'Agnese, Lodi|Sant'Agnese]] Church
File:Lodi - chiesa di Sant’Agnese - portale.jpg|[[Portal (architecture)|Portal]] of [[Sant'Agnese, Lodi|Sant'Agnese]] Church
File:Lodi pal Broletto facciata.jpg|Broletto Palace viewed from Piazza della Vittoria
File:Lodi pal Broletto facciata.jpg|Broletto Palace viewed from Piazza della Vittoria
Line 145: Line 225:
File:Lodi Pal Mozzanica.JPG|Mozzanica palace
File:Lodi Pal Mozzanica.JPG|Mozzanica palace
File:Lodi - monumento alla Resistenza - vista frontale.jpg|Monument to the [[Italian resistance movement]]
File:Lodi - monumento alla Resistenza - vista frontale.jpg|Monument to the [[Italian resistance movement]]
File:Ponte Lodi.jpg|Bridge on the [[Adda (river)|river Adda]]
File:Ponte Lodi.jpg|Bridge on the [[Adda (river)|River Adda]]
</gallery>
</gallery>


Line 152: Line 232:


==Sources==
==Sources==
*{{cite book|first=Giovanni |last=Agnelli|title= Lodi ed il suo territorio nella storia, nella geografia e nell'arte|location=Lodi|year= 1917}}
* {{cite book|first=Giovanni |last=Agnelli|title= Lodi ed il suo territorio nella storia, nella geografia e nell'arte|location=Lodi|year= 1917}}
*{{cite book|first=Agenore |last=Bassi|title=Storia di Lodi|location=Lodi|publisher=Edizioni Lodigraf|year=1977|isbn=88-7121-018-2}}
* {{cite book|first=Agenore |last=Bassi|title=Storia di Lodi|location=Lodi|publisher=Edizioni Lodigraf|year=1977|isbn=88-7121-018-2}}
*Mario-Giuseppe Genesi, ''Gli Organi Storici del Lodigiano'', Piacenza, L.I.R. Editrice, 2017, pp.&nbsp;720.
* Mario-Giuseppe Genesi, ''Gli Organi Storici del Lodigiano'', Piacenza, L.I.R. Editrice, 2017, pp.&nbsp;720.
* {{cite book|last=Ferrari|first=Felice|title=La ceramica di Lodi|trans-title=Lodi ceramics|language=it|year=2003|publisher=Bolis Edizioni|location=Azzano San Paolo}}
* {{cite book|last=Ferrari|first=Felice|title=La ceramica di Lodi|trans-title=Lodi ceramics|language=it|year=2003|publisher=Bolis Edizioni|location=Azzano San Paolo}}
* {{cite book|title=Maioliche lodigiane del '700|trans-title=Lodi maiolica in the 18th century| language=it|year=1995|publisher=Electa|location=Venice|isbn=88-435-5402-6}}
* {{cite book|title=Maioliche lodigiane del '700|trans-title=Lodi maiolica in the 18th century| language=it|year=1995|publisher=Electa|location=Venice|isbn=88-435-5402-6}}


{{clear}}
{{Province of Lodi}}
{{Province of Lodi}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Latest revision as of 20:11, 16 November 2024

"Lodi, Italy" redirects here. For other uses, see Lodi § Italy.
Lodi
Lòd (Lombard)
Comune
Comune di Lodi
Piazza della Vittoria
Piazza della Vittoria
Flag of Lodi
Flag
Coat of arms of Lodi
Coat of arms
Location of Lodi
Map
Lodi is located in Italy
Lodi
Lodi
Location of Lodi in Italy
Lodi is located in Lombardy
Lodi
Lodi
Lodi (Lombardy)
Coordinates: 45°19′N 9°30′E / 45.317°N 9.500°E / 45.317; 9.500
CountryItaly
RegionLombardy
ProvinceLodi (LO)
FrazioniFontana, Olmo, Riolo, San Grato
Government
 • MayorAndrea Furegato[1] (Democratic Party)
Area
[2]
 • Total
41 km2 (16 sq mi)
Elevation
87 m (285 ft)
Population
 (1 January 2017)[3]
 • Total
45,212
 • Density1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi)
DemonymLodigiani or Laudensi
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
26900
Dialing code0371
Patron saintSt. Bassianus
Saint day19 January
WebsiteOfficial website

Lodi (/ˈloʊdi/ LOH-dee, Italian: [ˈlɔːdi] ⓘ; Ludesan: Lòd) is a city and comune (municipality) in Lombardy, northern Italy, primarily on the western bank of the River Adda. It is the capital of the province of Lodi.

History

[edit]
Main article: History of Lodi

Antiquity

[edit]
The Battle of Lodi, by Louis-François, Baron Lejeune

Lodi was a Celtic village; in Roman times it was called, in Latin, Laus Pompeia (probably in honour of the consul Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo) and was known also because its position allowed many Gauls of Gallia Cisalpina to obtain Roman citizenship. It was in an important position where a vital Roman road crossed the River Adda.

Lodi became the see of a diocese in the 3rd century. Saint Bassianus (San Bassiano) is the patron saint of the town.

Middle Ages

[edit]

A free commune around 1000, it fiercely resisted the Milanese, who destroyed it in 1111. The old town corresponds to the modern Lodi Vecchio. Frederick Barbarossa rebuilt it on its current location in 1158.

From 1220, the Lodigiani (inhabitants of Lodi) spent decades in constructing a system of miles of artificial rivers and channels (called Consorzio di Muzza). It was created to give water to the countryside, turning arid areas into one of the region's important agricultural areas.

Renaissance

[edit]

From the 14th century Lodi was ruled by the Visconti family, who built a castle there. In 1413, the antipope John XXIII launched the bull by which he convened the Council of Constance from the Duomo of Lodi. The council marked the end of the Great Schism.

In 1454, representatives from all the regional states of Italy met in Lodi to sign the treaty known as the peace of Lodi, by which they intended to pursue Italian unification. This peace lasted 40 years.

The town was then ruled by the Sforza family, France, Spain and Austria.

Early modern era

[edit]

In 1786, it became the eponymous capital of a province that between 1815 and 1859 included Crema.

On 10 May 1796, in the first major battle of his career as a general, the young Napoleon Bonaparte defeated the Habsburg monarchy at the Battle of Lodi.

Italy

[edit]

In the second half of the 19th century, Lodi began to expand outside the city walls and was boosted by economic expansion and the construction of railway lines that followed the unification of Italy.

In 1945, the Italian petrol company Agip, directed by Enrico Mattei, started extracting methane from its fields, and Lodi was the first Italian town with a regular domestic gas service.

The town is now at the heart of important communication routes, and is a technologically advanced industrial centre, maintaining, however, also its strong traditional ceramics tradition.

Main sights

[edit]
Interior Dome of Tempio Civico dell'Incoronata

Government

[edit]
See also: List of mayors of Lodi, Lombardy

Economy

[edit]

In 1864 Tiziano Zalli founded the Banca Popolare di Lodi, the first Italian cooperative bank (now part of Banco Popolare group).

In 1945, the Italian petrol company Agip, directed by Enrico Mattei, started extracting methane from its fields, and Lodi was the first Italian town with a regular domestic gas service.

Zucchetti S.p.A., the first Italian software house, was founded in Lodi in 1978 and has its headquarters in the Zucchetti Tower.[5]

L’Erbolario Società Benefit S.r.l., a company specialized in natural cosmetics and beauty products established in Lodi in 1978, has its production plant and logistics center in the city.[6]

IBSA Institut Biochimique SA, a Swiss pharmaceutical multinational company, has its Italian headquarters in Lodi, as well as a production plant.[7]

The Officine Meccaniche Lodigiane were also located in the city.

Culture

[edit]

Ceramics

[edit]
Main article: Lodi ceramics

The production of ceramic in the Lodi area reached its artistic peak in the 18th century, with the production of fine, tin-glazed maiolica. The main factories were those of Coppellotti, Ferretti and Rossetti.

The best ceramics of the Coppellotti factory date from the period 1735–1740. Some are in monochromatic turquoise and are decorated with arabesques, draperies and geometric-floral compositions arranged in a radial pattern. Other ceramics represent local life and scenes, such as fruit, fish, landscapes, castles, peasants, wayfarers, music players, with dogs or birds; some represent oriental figures.[8]

The Rossetti factory was active in Lodi between 1729 and 1736. Most of the Rossetti ceramics are in monochromatic turquoise and have decorations inspired by Roman art revisited in a Baroque style, such as pillars, balustrades, capitals, urns, shells, stylized leaves garlands, divinities and satyrs. Some ceramics feature landscapes in the center, with views of cities and castles, hills, lakes, clouds and birds.[9]

The Ferretti factory was active in Lodi in the 18th century until the beginning of the 19th century. Ferretti ceramics are famous for the decoration with naturalistic flowers, with very bright and lively colours.[10] Most frequently these were wild flowers, such as forget-me-not, buttercups, Centaurea cyanus, campanula, primroses and dog rose; but also cultivated roses, tulips and carnations were painted.[11] Ferretti also painted other kind of decorations, such as Oriental figures, fruits, fish and still lifes.[12]

A large exposition of Lodi ceramics could be visited in The Museo Civico di Lodi until its closure in 2011, when all its content was moved to long-term storage[13] waiting for relocation.[14][15]

Twin towns

[edit]

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Lodi (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.2
(43.2) 		9.3
(48.7) 		15.1
(59.2) 		19.0
(66.2) 		24.1
(75.4) 		28.1
(82.6) 		30.6
(87.1) 		30.1
(86.2) 		25.3
(77.5) 		18.6
(65.5) 		11.7
(53.1) 		6.5
(43.7) 		18.7
(65.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9) 		4.7
(40.5) 		9.5
(49.1) 		13.4
(56.1) 		18.4
(65.1) 		22.3
(72.1) 		24.4
(75.9) 		23.9
(75.0) 		19.4
(66.9) 		14.0
(57.2) 		8.2
(46.8) 		3.3
(37.9) 		13.7
(56.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −0.7
(30.7) 		0.1
(32.2) 		3.9
(39.0) 		7.8
(46.0) 		12.6
(54.7) 		16.6
(61.9) 		18.2
(64.8) 		17.7
(63.9) 		13.6
(56.5) 		9.4
(48.9) 		4.7
(40.5) 		0.1
(32.2) 		8.7
(47.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 61
(2.4) 		65
(2.6) 		69
(2.7) 		75
(3.0) 		77
(3.0) 		68
(2.7) 		61
(2.4) 		84
(3.3) 		71
(2.8) 		99
(3.9) 		101
(4.0) 		67
(2.6) 		898
(35.4)
Source 1: Climi e viaggi[17]
Source 2: Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (precipitation 1951–1980)[18]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Dipartimento per gli Affari Interni e Territoriali".
  2. ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  3. ^ Population data from Istat - Italian Institute of Statistics
  4. ^ Piazze d'Italia. Milan: Touring Club Italiano. 2004. ISBN 88-365-3498-8.
  5. ^ "La nostra storia". www.zucchetti.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2023-06-27.
  6. ^ "Dal 1978 a oggi". erbolario.com (in Italian). Retrieved 2023-06-27.
  7. ^ "Gli stabilimenti produttivi in Italia". ibsa.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2023-06-27.
  8. ^ Ferrari, Felice (2003). La ceramica di Lodi [Lodi ceramics] (in Italian). Azzano San Paolo: Bolis Edizioni. pp. 35–44.
  9. ^ Ferrari, Felice (2003). La ceramica di Lodi [Lodi ceramics] (in Italian). Azzano San Paolo: Bolis Edizioni. pp. 45–51.
  10. ^ Ferrari, Felice (2003). La ceramica di Lodi [Lodi ceramics] (in Italian). Azzano San Paolo: Bolis Edizioni. pp. 53–64.
  11. ^ Gelmini, Maria Laura (1995). "L'arte ceramica lodigiana". Maioliche lodigiane del '700 [Lodi maiolica in the 18th century] (in Italian). Venice: Electa. p. 46. ISBN 88-435-5402-6.
  12. ^ Ferrari, Felice (2003). La ceramica di Lodi [Lodi ceramics] (in Italian). Azzano San Paolo: Bolis Edizioni. pp. 53–64.
  13. ^ Gastaldi, Francesco (27 February 2017). "Lodi, le 300 opere d'arte sepolte E il museo che non c'è da sei anni" (in Italian). Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  14. ^ "Museo Civico" (in Italian). Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  15. ^ "Museo Civico - Lodi" (in Italian). Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  16. ^ "Lodi Sister City Committee | Lodi, CA".
  17. ^ "Clima - Lodi (Lombardia)". Climi e viaggi. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  18. ^ "Valori climatici normali di temperatura e precipitazione in Italia" (PDF). Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale. Retrieved 29 June 2024.

Sources

[edit]
  • Agnelli, Giovanni (1917). Lodi ed il suo territorio nella storia, nella geografia e nell'arte. Lodi.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Bassi, Agenore (1977). Storia di Lodi. Lodi: Edizioni Lodigraf. ISBN 88-7121-018-2.
  • Mario-Giuseppe Genesi, Gli Organi Storici del Lodigiano, Piacenza, L.I.R. Editrice, 2017, pp. 720.
  • Ferrari, Felice (2003). La ceramica di Lodi [Lodi ceramics] (in Italian). Azzano San Paolo: Bolis Edizioni.
  • Maioliche lodigiane del '700 [Lodi maiolica in the 18th century] (in Italian). Venice: Electa. 1995. ISBN 88-435-5402-6.
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