Jump to content

Josef Dobrovský: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
removing stub tag
+legacy section
 
(19 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Czech historian and philologist}}
{{short description|Czech historian and philologist (1753–1829)}}
{{Infobox philosopher
{{Infobox philosopher
| name = Josef Dobrovský
| name = Josef Dobrovský
Line 6: Line 6:
| caption = Josef Dobrovský by [[František Tkadlík]]
| caption = Josef Dobrovský by [[František Tkadlík]]
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1753|08|17|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1753|8|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Balassagyarmat]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Habsburg monarchy]]
| birth_place = [[Balassagyarmat]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Habsburg monarchy]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1829|01|06|1753|08|17|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1829|1|6|1753|8|17|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Brno]], [[Austrian Empire]]
| death_place = [[Brno]], [[Austrian Empire]]
| school_tradition =
| school_tradition =
Line 16: Line 16:
| influenced =
| influenced =
}}
}}
[[Image:Josef Dobrovsky - bust.jpg|right|thumb|Josef Dobrovský]]
[[File:Josef Dobrovsky - bust.jpg|thumb|Bust of Josef Dobrovský]]
[[Image:Prague - Josef Dobrovsky.jpg|right|thumb|Dobrovskýs bust on Kampa Island in [[Prague]]]]
[[File:Prague - Josef Dobrovsky.jpg|thumb|Dobrovský's bust on Kampa Island in [[Prague]]]]
'''Josef Dobrovský''' (17 August 1753 – 6 January 1829) was a Czech [[philologist]] and [[historian]], one of the most important figures of the [[Czech National Revival]] along with [[Josef Jungmann]].
'''Josef Dobrovský''' (17 August 1753 – 6 January 1829) was a Czech [[philologist]] and [[historian]], one of the most important figures of the [[Czech National Revival]] along with [[Josef Jungmann]].


== Life and work ==
== Life and work ==
Dobrovský was born at [[Balassagyarmat]], [[Nógrád County (former)|Nógrád County]], in the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], when his father Jakub Doubravský (1701, [[Solnitz]] (Czech: Solnice), [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] {{ndash}} 1764, [[Bischofteinitz]] (Czech: Horšovský Týn), Bohemia)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Jakub-Dobrovsk%C3%BD/6000000066592919847|title=Jakub Dobrovský|website=geni_family_tree|access-date=October 21, 2019}}</ref>{{unreliable source inline|date=September 2019}} was temporarily stationed as a [[soldier]] there. His mother was Magdalena Dobrovská (1733, [[Tschaslawsko]] (Czech: Čáslavsko), Bohemia {{ndash}} 1797).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Magdalena-Dobrovsk%C3%BD/6000000066592757919|title=Magdalena Dobrovský|website=geni_family_tree|access-date=October 21, 2019}}</ref>
Dobrovský was born at [[Balassagyarmat]], [[Nógrád County (former)|Nógrád County]], in the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], when his father Jakub Doubravský (1701, [[Solnice]] – 1764, [[Horšovský Týn]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Jakub-Dobrovsk%C3%BD/6000000066592919847|title=Jakub Dobrovský|website=geni_family_tree|date=24 July 1701 |access-date=21 October 2019}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=September 2019}} was temporarily stationed as a [[soldier]] there. His mother was Magdalena Dobrovská (1733, [[Čáslav]] – 1797).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Magdalena-Dobrovsk%C3%BD/6000000066592757919|title=Magdalena Dobrovský|website=geni_family_tree|access-date=21 October 2019}}</ref>


He received his first education in the [[German language|German]] school at [[Horšovský Týn]] in Plzeň district, made his first acquaintance with the [[Czech language]] and soon made himself fluent in it at the [[Havlickuv Brod|Německý Brod]] gymnasium, and then studied for some time under the [[Jesuits]] at [[Klatovy]]. In 1769 he began to study [[philosophy]] at the [[Charles University in Prague|University of Prague]]. In 1772 he was admitted among the Jesuits at [[Brno]] and was preparing for a Christian [[Mission (Christianity)|mission]] in [[India]]. However, the entire order was dissolved in the Czech lands in 1773 and Dobrovský thus returned to Prague to study [[theology]].
He received his first education in the [[German language|German]] school at [[Horšovský Týn]], made his first acquaintance with the [[Czech language]] and soon made himself fluent in it at the [[Havlíčkův Brod|Německý Brod]] gymnasium, and then studied for some time under the [[Jesuits]] at [[Klatovy]]. In 1769 he began to study [[philosophy]] at the [[Charles University in Prague|University of Prague]]. In 1772 he was admitted among the Jesuits at [[Brno]] and was preparing for a Christian [[Mission (Christianity)|mission]] in India. However, the entire order was dissolved in the Czech lands in 1773 and Dobrovský thus returned to Prague to study [[theology]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Dobrowsky, Joseph|volume=8|page=351}}</ref>


After holding for some time the office of tutor to Count [[Nostitz (family)|Nostitz]], he obtained an appointment first as vice-rector, and then as rector, in the general seminary at Hradisko (now part of [[Olomouc]]); but in 1790 he lost his post through the abolition of the seminaries throughout the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]], and returned as a guest to the house of the count. At this time, he wrote some of the most important works in [[Slavic studies]], [[historiography]] and [[philology]].
After holding for some time the office of tutor to Count [[Nostitz family|Nostitz]], he obtained an appointment first as vice-rector, and then as rector, in the general seminary at Hradisko (now part of [[Olomouc]]); but in 1790 he lost his post through the abolition of the seminaries throughout the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]], and returned as a guest to the house of the count.<ref name="EB1911"/> At this time, he wrote some of the most important works in [[Slavic studies]], [[historiography]] and [[philology]].


In 1792 he was commissioned by the Bohemian Academy of Sciences to visit [[Stockholm]], [[Turku]], [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Moscow]] in search of the manuscripts which had been scattered by the [[Thirty Years' War]], and on his return he accompanied Count [[Nostitz (family)|Nostitz]] to [[Switzerland]] and [[Italy]].
In 1792 he was commissioned by the Bohemian Academy of Sciences to visit [[Stockholm]], [[Turku]], [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Moscow]] in search of the manuscripts which had been scattered by the [[Thirty Years' War]], and on his return he accompanied Count Nostitz to Switzerland and Italy.<ref name="EB1911"/>


In the 1780s Dobrovský participated in the academic life of [[Prague]]. In 1784, he helped to set up the [[Royal Czech Society of Sciences]], and in 1818 the [[National Museum (Prague)|National Museum]] of what was to become [[Czechoslovakia]] and eventually the [[Czech Republic]].
In the 1780s Dobrovský participated in the academic life of [[Prague]]. In 1784, he helped to set up the [[Royal Czech Society of Sciences]], and in 1818 the [[National Museum (Prague)|National Museum]] of what was to become [[Czechoslovakia]] and eventually the Czech Republic.


However, his reason began to give way in 1795, and in 1801 he had to be confined in a [[lunatic asylum]], but by 1803 he had completely recovered. The rest of his life was mainly spent either in Prague or at the country seats of his friends Counts [[Nostitz (family)|Nostitz]] and [[Czernin]], but his death occurred in [[Brno]], where he had gone in 1828 to study in the local libraries.
However, his reason began to give way in 1795, and in 1801 he had to be confined in a [[lunatic asylum]], but by 1803 he had completely recovered. The rest of his life was mainly spent either in Prague or at the country seats of his friends Counts Nostitz and [[Czernin]], but his death occurred in [[Brno]], where he had gone in 1828 to study in the local libraries.<ref name="EB1911"/>


==Legacy==
⚫
While his fame rests chiefly on his labours in [[Slavonic language|Slavonic philology]] his botanical studies are not without value in the history of the science.
Dobrovský remains a revered figure of Czechoslovak intellectual history. He has been subject also to philosophical analysis, for instance by [[Milan Machovec]] (in his 1964 monograph).

⚫
While his fame rests chiefly on his labours in [[Slavonic language|Slavonic philology]] his botanical studies are not without value in the history of the science.<ref name="EB1911"/>


Between 1948 and 1968 Czech poet [[Vladimír Holan]] lived in the so-called "Dobrovský House" on [[Kampa Island|Kampa]], often saying that the ''Blue [[Abbé]]'' (a nickname by which Dobrovský was known) would sometimes visit him.
Between 1948 and 1968 Czech poet [[Vladimír Holan]] lived in the so-called "Dobrovský House" on [[Kampa Island|Kampa]], often saying that the ''Blue [[Abbé]]'' (a nickname by which Dobrovský was known) would sometimes visit him.
Line 50: Line 53:
* ''Entwurf zu einem allgemeinen Etymologikon der slaw. Sprachen'' (1813)
* ''Entwurf zu einem allgemeinen Etymologikon der slaw. Sprachen'' (1813)
* ''Slowanka zur Kenntnis der slaw. Literatur'' (1814)
* ''Slowanka zur Kenntnis der slaw. Literatur'' (1814)
* a critical edition of [[Jordanes]], ''De rebus Geticis'', for [[Georg Heinrich Pertz|Pertz]]'s ''[[Monumenta Germaniae Historica]]''
* a critical edition of [[Jordanes]], ''De rebus Geticis'', for [[Georg Heinrich Pertz|Pertz]]'s ''[[Monumenta Germaniae Historica]]''<ref name="EB1911"/>


See [[František Palacký|Palacký]], ''J. Dobrowskys Leben und gelehrtes Wirken'' (1833).
See [[František Palacký|Palacký]], ''J. Dobrowskys Leben und gelehrtes Wirken'' (1833).
Line 58: Line 61:
*[[Josef Dobrovský Monument]]
*[[Josef Dobrovský Monument]]


==Notes==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== References ==
==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Dobrowsky, Joseph}}
{{See also|Dobrovský}}

==External link==
{{commonscatinline}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
Line 73: Line 72:
[[Category:1753 births]]
[[Category:1753 births]]
[[Category:1829 deaths]]
[[Category:1829 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Bohemian people]]
[[Category:18th-century historians from Bohemia]]
[[Category:19th-century Czech people]]
[[Category:19th-century Czech people]]
[[Category:18th-century Austrian people]]
[[Category:18th-century Austrian people]]
Line 83: Line 82:
[[Category:Linguists from the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Linguists from the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Czech language activists]]
[[Category:Czech language activists]]
[[Category:Slavists]]
[[Category:Linguists of Slavic languages]]
[[Category:Czech lexicographers]]
[[Category:Czech lexicographers]]
[[Category:Czech Finno-Ugrists]]
[[Category:Historians of the Czech lands]]
[[Category:Historians of the Czech lands]]
[[Category:Charles University alumni]]
[[Category:Charles University alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Russian Academy]]
[[Category:Members of the Russian Academy]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Hungary]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Bohemia]]
[[Category:People from Balassagyarmat]]
[[Category:People from Balassagyarmat]]
[[Category:Writers from Brno]]
[[Category:Czech Roman Catholic writers]]
[[Category:18th-century historians from the Holy Roman Empire]]

Latest revision as of 21:44, 16 November 2024

Josef Dobrovský
Josef Dobrovský by František Tkadlík
Born(1753-08-17)17 August 1753
Balassagyarmat, Kingdom of Hungary, Habsburg monarchy
Died6 January 1829(1829-01-06) (aged 75)
Brno, Austrian Empire
Main interests
philology, history
Bust of Josef Dobrovský
Dobrovský's bust on Kampa Island in Prague

Josef Dobrovský (17 August 1753 – 6 January 1829) was a Czech philologist and historian, one of the most important figures of the Czech National Revival along with Josef Jungmann.

Life and work

[edit]

Dobrovský was born at Balassagyarmat, Nógrád County, in the Kingdom of Hungary, when his father Jakub Doubravský (1701, Solnice – 1764, Horšovský Týn)[2][unreliable source?] was temporarily stationed as a soldier there. His mother was Magdalena Dobrovská (1733, Čáslav – 1797).[3]

He received his first education in the German school at Horšovský Týn, made his first acquaintance with the Czech language and soon made himself fluent in it at the Německý Brod gymnasium, and then studied for some time under the Jesuits at Klatovy. In 1769 he began to study philosophy at the University of Prague. In 1772 he was admitted among the Jesuits at Brno and was preparing for a Christian mission in India. However, the entire order was dissolved in the Czech lands in 1773 and Dobrovský thus returned to Prague to study theology.[4]

After holding for some time the office of tutor to Count Nostitz, he obtained an appointment first as vice-rector, and then as rector, in the general seminary at Hradisko (now part of Olomouc); but in 1790 he lost his post through the abolition of the seminaries throughout the Habsburg Empire, and returned as a guest to the house of the count.[4] At this time, he wrote some of the most important works in Slavic studies, historiography and philology.

In 1792 he was commissioned by the Bohemian Academy of Sciences to visit Stockholm, Turku, Saint Petersburg and Moscow in search of the manuscripts which had been scattered by the Thirty Years' War, and on his return he accompanied Count Nostitz to Switzerland and Italy.[4]

In the 1780s Dobrovský participated in the academic life of Prague. In 1784, he helped to set up the Royal Czech Society of Sciences, and in 1818 the National Museum of what was to become Czechoslovakia and eventually the Czech Republic.

However, his reason began to give way in 1795, and in 1801 he had to be confined in a lunatic asylum, but by 1803 he had completely recovered. The rest of his life was mainly spent either in Prague or at the country seats of his friends Counts Nostitz and Czernin, but his death occurred in Brno, where he had gone in 1828 to study in the local libraries.[4]

Legacy

[edit]

Dobrovský remains a revered figure of Czechoslovak intellectual history. He has been subject also to philosophical analysis, for instance by Milan Machovec (in his 1964 monograph).

While his fame rests chiefly on his labours in Slavonic philology his botanical studies are not without value in the history of the science.[4]

Between 1948 and 1968 Czech poet Vladimír Holan lived in the so-called "Dobrovský House" on Kampa, often saying that the Blue Abbé (a nickname by which Dobrovský was known) would sometimes visit him.

Most important works

[edit]
  • Fragmentum Pragense evangelii S. Marci, vulgo autographi (1778)
  • a periodical for Bohemian and Moravian literature (1780–1787)
  • Scriptores rerum Bohemicarum (2 vols., 1783)
  • Geschichte der böhm. Sprache und alten Literatur (1792)
  • Die Bildsamkeit der slaw. Sprache (1799)
  • a Deutsch-böhm. Wörterbuch compiled in collaboration with Leschk, Puchmayer and Hanka (1802–1821)
  • Entwurf eines Pflanzensystems nach Zahlen und Verhältnissen (1802)
  • Glagolitica (1807)
  • Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (1809)
  • Institutiones linguae slavicae dialecti veteris (1822)
  • Entwurf zu einem allgemeinen Etymologikon der slaw. Sprachen (1813)
  • Slowanka zur Kenntnis der slaw. Literatur (1814)
  • a critical edition of Jordanes, De rebus Geticis, for Pertz's Monumenta Germaniae Historica[4]

See Palacký, J. Dobrowskys Leben und gelehrtes Wirken (1833).

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hugh LeCaine Agnew, Origins of the Czech National Renascence, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1994, p. 82.
  2. ^ "Jakub Dobrovský". geni_family_tree. 24 July 1701. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  3. ^ "Magdalena Dobrovský". geni_family_tree. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Dobrowsky, Joseph". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 351.
[edit]

Media related to Josef Dobrovský at Wikimedia Commons

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Josef_Dobrovský&oldid=1257834865"