Cedrela odorata: Difference between revisions

Cedrela odorata
Conservation status
	; Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Meliaceae
Genus:	Cedrela
Species:	C. odorata
Binomial name
	Cedrela odorata; L.
Synonyms
	List Cedrela adenophylla Mart. [Invalid] ; Cedrela amara Goebel [Invalid] ; Cedrela brachystachya (C.DC.) C.DC. ; Cedrela brownei Loefl. [Invalid] ; Cedrela brownii Loefl. ex Kuntze ; Cedrela caldasana C.DC. ; Cedrela cedro Loefl. ; Cedrela cubensis Bisse ; Cedrela glaziovii C.DC. ; Cedrela guianensis A.Juss. ; Cedrela hassleri (C.DC.) C.DC. ; Cedrela huberi Ducke ; Cedrela imparipinnata C.DC. ; Cedrela longipes S.F.Blake ; Cedrela mexicana M.Roem. ; Cedrela mexicana var. puberula C.DC. ; Cedrela mourae C.DC. ; Cedrela occidentalis C.DC. & Rose ; Cedrela odorata Ruiz & Pav. [Illegitimate] ; Cedrela odorata Vell. Misapplied ; Cedrela odorata var. xerogeiton Rizzini & Heringer ; Cedrela palustris Handro ; Cedrela paraguariensis Mart. ; Cedrela paraguariensis var. brachystachya C.DC. ; Cedrela paraguariensis var. hassleriC.DC. ; Cedrela paraguariensis var. multijuga C.DC. ; Cedrela rotunda S.F.Blake ; Cedrela sintenisii C.DC. ; Cedrela vellozoana M.Roem. ; Cedrela whitfordii S.F.Blake ; Cedrela yucatana S.F.Blake ; Cedrus odorata Mill. ; Surenus brownei (Loefl.) Kuntze [Invalid] ; Surenus glaziovii (C.DC.) Kuntze ; Surenus guianensis (A.Juss.) Kuntze ; Surenus mexicana (M.Roem.) Kuntze ; Surenus paraguariensis (Mart.) Kuntze ; Surenus vellozoana (M.Roem.) Kuntze ;

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Cedrela odorata, commonly known as Spanish cedar, Cuban cedar, or cedro in Spanish,^[3] is a commercially important species of tree in the chinaberry family, Meliaceae native to the Neotropics.

Classification

The genus Cedrela has undergone two major systematic revisions since 1960. The most recent revision reduced the number of species in the genus to seven (Styles, 1981). Cedrela odorata L., contains 28 other synonyms, including C. mexicana M. J. Roem. The taxon "C. angustifolia," a very vigorous type now in demand because of its apparent resistance to the shootborer, was left in an indeterminate status due to insufficient herbarium material. The result is that C. odorata as now constituted is a species showing a high degree of population variation.

Distribution and habitat

Cedro is a tree of the New World tropics, appearing in forests of moist and seasonally dry subtropical or tropical biomes (24) from latitude 26°N on the Pacific coast of Mexico, throughout Central America and the Caribbean, to the lowlands and foothills of most of South America up to 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) altitude, finding its southern limit at about latitude 28°S in Argentina. It has become a troublesome invasive species in the Galapagos Islands^[4] where it forms a barrier to the migration of tortoises.^[5] Cedro is always found naturally on well-drained soils, often but not exclusively on limestone; it tolerates a long dry season but does not flourish in areas of rainfall greater than about 3,000 millimetres (120 in) or on sites with heavy or waterlogged soils. Individual trees are generally scattered in mixed semi-evergreen or semi-deciduous forests dominated by other species. Mahogany (Swietenia sp.), a close relative, is often found with cedro and both suffer damage from the same pest, the mahogany shootborer (Hypsipyla grandella).

Description

The tree is monoecious semi-deciduous ranging in height from 10 to 30 m (30 to 100 ft). The trunk has a thick grey–brown bark, with longitudinal irregular grain. Pinnately compound leaves, grouped towards the end of the branches, 15–50 cm (6–20 in) long, with pairs of scythe-shaped leaflets, lanceolate to oblong, 7–15 cm (3–6 in) × 3–5 cm (1–2 in) with the base obliquely truncated and asymmetric.

Uses

Cedrela odorata is the most commercially important and widely distributed species in the genus Cedrela. Known as Spanish cedar in English commerce, the aromatic wood is in high demand in the American tropics because it is naturally termite- and rot-resistant. An attractive, moderately lightweight wood (specific gravity 0.4), its primary use is in household articles used to store clothing. Cedro heartwood contains an aromatic and insect-repelling resin that is the source of its popular name, Spanish-cedar (it resembles the aroma of the unrelated true cedars (Cedrus spp.) Cedro works easily and makes excellent plywood and veneer and would be more widely used if it could be successfully plantation grown. This plant is often used for honey production (beekeeping) and humidor construction. It is occasionally used for tops or veneers on some kinds of electric guitars. The wood is the traditional choice for making the neck of flamenco and classical guitars.^[6]

References

^ Mark, J.; Rivers, M.C. (2017). "Cedrela odorata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T32292A68080590. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T32292A68080590.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^ "The Plant List: Cedrela odorata L." Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanic Garden.
^ Selected plants of Galapagos Islands
^ "Forest of daisy trees in Santa Cruz | Wondermondo". 11 March 2012.
^ Yirka, Bob; Phys.org. "Galápagos giant tortoises study suggests they may be in danger due to invasive Cedrela odorata trees". phys.org. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
^ Romanillos, J.L. (2014) Making A Spanish Guitar

External links

Data related to Cedrela odorata at Wikispecies
Cedro Hembra, Spanish-Cedar
Overview of Cedrela odorata Archived 2014-11-12 at the Wayback Machine

[iucn_status_19_November_2021-1] Mark, J.; Rivers, M.C. (2017). "Cedrela odorata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T32292A68080590. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T32292A68080590.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.

[TPL-2] "The Plant List: Cedrela odorata L." Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanic Garden.

[3] Selected plants of Galapagos Islands

[4] "Forest of daisy trees in Santa Cruz | Wondermondo". 11 March 2012.

[5] Yirka, Bob; Phys.org. "Galápagos giant tortoises study suggests they may be in danger due to invasive Cedrela odorata trees". phys.org. Retrieved 2024-03-25.

[6] Romanillos, J.L. (2014) Making A Spanish Guitar

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the chinaberry family Meliaceae}}
-{{italic title}}
+{{more citations needed|date=December 2012}}
-{{taxobox
+{{Speciesbox
-|name = ''Cedro-cheiroso''
-|image = Cedrela odorata foliage.jpg
+| image = Cedrela odorata foliage.jpg
-|status = VU
+| status = VU
-|status_system = IUCN2.3
+| status_system = IUCN3.1
+|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Mark, J. |author2=Rivers, M.C. |date=2017 |title=''Cedrela odorata'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T32292A68080590 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T32292A68080590.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
-|regnum = [[Plantae]]
+| genus = Cedrela
-|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
+| species = odorata
-|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
-|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
+| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
+| synonyms_ref = <ref name=TPL>{{cite web |title=The Plant List: ''Cedrela odorata'' L. |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2707234 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanic Garden }}</ref>
-|ordo = [[Sapindales]]
+|synonyms =
-|familia = [[Meliaceae]]
+{{collapsible list
-|genus = ''[[Cedrela]]''
+|''Cedrela adenophylla'' <small>Mart. [Invalid]</small>
-|species = '''''C. odorata'''''
-|binomial = ''Cedrela odorata''
+|''Cedrela amara'' <small>Goebel [Invalid]</small>
+|''Cedrela brachystachya'' <small>(C.DC.) C.DC.</small>
-|binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
+|''Cedrela brownei'' <small>Loefl. [Invalid]</small>
-|}}
+|''Cedrela brownii'' <small>Loefl. ex Kuntze</small>
+|''Cedrela caldasana'' <small>C.DC.</small>
+|''Cedrela cedro'' <small>Loefl.</small>
+|''Cedrela cubensis'' <small>Bisse</small>
+|''Cedrela glaziovii'' <small>C.DC.</small>
+|''Cedrela guianensis'' <small>A.Juss.</small>
+|''Cedrela hassleri'' <small>(C.DC.) C.DC.</small>
+|''Cedrela huberi'' <small>Ducke</small>
+|''Cedrela imparipinnata'' <small>C.DC.</small>
+|''Cedrela longipes'' <small>S.F.Blake</small>
+|''Cedrela mexicana'' <small>M.Roem.</small>
+|''Cedrela mexicana'' var. ''puberula'' <small>C.DC.</small>
+|''Cedrela mourae'' <small>C.DC.</small>
+|''Cedrela occidentalis'' <small>C.DC. & Rose</small>
+|''Cedrela odorata'' <small>Ruiz & Pav. [Illegitimate]</small>
+|''Cedrela odorata'' <small>Vell.	Misapplied</small>
+|''Cedrela odorata'' var. ''xerogeiton'' <small>Rizzini & Heringer</small>
+|''Cedrela palustris'' <small>Handro</small>
+|''Cedrela paraguariensis'' <small>Mart.</small>
+|''Cedrela paraguariensis'' var. ''brachystachya'' <small>C.DC.</small>
+|''Cedrela paraguariensis'' var. ''hassleri''<small>C.DC.</small>
+|''Cedrela paraguariensis'' var. ''multijuga'' <small>C.DC.</small>
+|''Cedrela rotunda'' <small>S.F.Blake</small>
+|''Cedrela sintenisii'' <small>C.DC.</small>
+|''Cedrela vellozoana'' <small>M.Roem.</small>
+|''Cedrela whitfordii'' <small>S.F.Blake</small>
+|''Cedrela yucatana'' <small>S.F.Blake</small>
+|''Cedrus odorata'' <small>Mill.</small>
+|''Surenus brownei'' <small>(Loefl.) Kuntze [Invalid]</small>
+|''Surenus glaziovii'' <small>(C.DC.) Kuntze</small>
+|''Surenus guianensis'' <small>(A.Juss.) Kuntze</small>
+|''Surenus mexicana'' <small>(M.Roem.) Kuntze</small>
+|''Surenus paraguariensis'' <small>(Mart.) Kuntze</small>
+|''Surenus vellozoana'' <small>(M.Roem.) Kuntze</small>
+}}}}
+'''''Cedrela odorata''''',  commonly known as '''Spanish cedar''', '''Cuban cedar''', or '''cedro''' in [[Spanish language|Spanish]],<ref>[http://blog.travelmarx.com/2012/05/selected-plants-of-galapagos-islands.html Selected plants of Galapagos Islands]</ref> is a commercially important species of tree in the [[chinaberry]] [[Family (biology)|family]], [[Meliaceae]] native to the [[Neotropics]].
-'''''Cedrela odorata''''' ('''Spanish cedar''', '''Mexican cedar''', '''Cigar-box cedar''', '''Cedro-cheiroso''').  The genus Cedrela has undergone two major systematic revisions since 1960. The most recent revision reduced the number of species in the genus to seven (Styles, 1981). The common cedro, ''Cedrela odorata'' L., embraces 28 other named species, including ''C. mexicana'' M. J. Roem. The taxon "''C. angustifolia''," a very vigorous type now in demand because of its apparent resistance to the shootborer, was left in an indeterminate status due to insufficient herbarium material. The result is that ''C. odorata'' as now constituted is a species showing a high degree of population variation.
+==Classification==
-Cedro is a tree of the New World tropics, appearing in forests of moist and seasonally dry Subtropical or Tropical life zones (24) from [[26th parallel north|latitude 26°N]]. on the Pacific coast of [[Mexico]], throughout [[Central America]] and the [[Caribbean]], to the lowlands and foothills of most of [[South America]] up to 1200 m (about 4,000 ft) altitude, finding its southern limit at about [[28th parallel south|latitude 28°S]]. in [[Argentina]]. Cedro is always found naturally on well-drained soils, often but not exclusively on [[limestone]]; it tolerates a long dry season but does not flourish in areas of rainfall greater than about 3000&nbsp;mm (120 in) or on sites with heavy or waterlogged soils. Individual trees are generally scattered in mixed semi-evergreen or semi-deciduous forests dominated by other species.  [[Mahogany]], a close relative, is often found with cedro and both suffer damage from the same pest, the mahogany shootborer (''[[Hypsipyla grandella]]'').
+{{more citations needed|section|date=March 2017}}
+The genus ''[[Cedrela]]'' has undergone two major systematic revisions since 1960. The most recent revision reduced the number of species in the genus to seven (Styles, 1981).  ''Cedrela odorata'' L., contains 28 other synonyms, including ''C.&nbsp;mexicana'' M. J. Roem. The taxon "''C.&nbsp;angustifolia''," a very vigorous type now in demand because of its apparent resistance to the shootborer, was left in an indeterminate status due to insufficient herbarium material. The result is that ''C.&nbsp;odorata'' as now constituted is a species showing a high degree of population variation.
+==Distribution and habitat==
-The tree is [[monoecious]] semi-[[deciduous]] ranging in height from 10 meters to 30 meters. The trunk has a thick gray - brown colored bark, with longitudinal irregular grain. Pinnately compound leaves, grouped towards the end of the branches, ranging from 15&nbsp;cm to 50&nbsp;cm long, with pairs of scythe-shaped leaflets, lanceolate to oblong, 7-15 x 3-5&nbsp;cm, with the base obliquely truncated and asymmetric.
+[[File:Cedrela odorata (30717606595).jpg|thumb|230x230px|Close-up of the trunk]]
+Cedro is a tree of the [[New World]] tropics, appearing in forests of moist and seasonally dry subtropical or tropical biomes (24) from [[26th parallel north|latitude 26°N]] on the Pacific coast of Mexico, throughout Central America and the Caribbean, to the lowlands and foothills of most of South America up to {{convert|1200|m}} altitude, finding its southern limit at about [[28th parallel south|latitude 28°S]] in Argentina. It has become a troublesome invasive species in the [[Galapagos Islands]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/SA/Ecuador/Galapagos/ScalesiaSantaCruz.htm|title = Forest of daisy trees in Santa Cruz &#124; Wondermondo|date = 11 March 2012}}</ref> where it forms a barrier to the migration of tortoises.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yirka |first=Bob |last2=Phys.org |title=Galápagos giant tortoises study suggests they may be in danger due to invasive Cedrela odorata trees |url=https://phys.org/news/2024-03-galpagos-giant-tortoises-danger-due.html |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref> Cedro is always found naturally on well-drained soils, often but not exclusively on [[limestone]]; it tolerates a long dry season but does not flourish in areas of rainfall greater than about {{convert|3000|mm}} or on sites with heavy or waterlogged soils. Individual trees are generally scattered in mixed semi-evergreen or semi-deciduous forests dominated by other species.  [[Mahogany]] (''Swietenia'' sp.), a close relative, is often found with cedro and both suffer damage from the same pest, the mahogany shootborer (''[[Hypsipyla grandella]]'').
+==Description==
+The tree is [[monoecious]] semi-[[deciduous]] ranging in height from {{convert|10|to|30|m|-1|abbr=on}}. The trunk has a thick grey–brown bark, with longitudinal irregular grain. Pinnately compound leaves, grouped towards the end of the branches, {{convert|15|-|50|cm|0|abbr=on}} long, with pairs of scythe-shaped leaflets, lanceolate to oblong, {{convert|7|-|15|cm|0|abbr=on}} × {{convert|3|-|5|cm|0|abbr=on}} with the base obliquely truncated and asymmetric.
+==Uses==
+''Cedrela odorata'' is the most commercially important and widely distributed species in the genus ''Cedrela''. Known as Spanish cedar in English commerce, the aromatic wood is in high demand in the American tropics because it is naturally [[termite]]- and rot-resistant. An attractive, moderately lightweight wood (specific gravity 0.4), its primary use is in household articles used to store clothing. Cedro [[heartwood]] contains an aromatic and [[insect]]-repelling [[resin]] that is the source of its popular name, Spanish-cedar (it resembles the aroma of the unrelated true cedars (''[[Cedrus]]'' spp.) Cedro works easily and makes excellent [[plywood]] and [[Wood veneer|veneer]] and would be more widely used if it could be successfully [[Plantation#Forestry|plantation]] grown. This plant is often used for [[honey]] production ([[beekeeping]]) and [[humidor]] construction. It is occasionally used for tops or veneers on some kinds of [[electric guitars]]. The wood is the traditional choice for making the neck of [[flamenco]] and [[classical guitar]]s.<ref>Romanillos, J.L. (2014) ''Making A Spanish Guitar''</ref>
-''Cedrela odorata'' is the most commercially important and widely distributed species in the genus ''Cedrela''. Known as Spanish-cedar in English commerce, the aromatic wood is in high demand in the American tropics because it is naturally [[termite]]- and rot-resistant.  An attractive, moderately lightweight wood (specific gravity 0.4), its primary use is in household articles used to store clothing. Cedro [[heartwood]] contains an aromatic and [[insect]]-repelling [[resin]] that is the source of its popular name, Spanish-cedar (it resembles the aroma of true cedars (''[[Cedrus]]'' spp.)  Cedro works easily and makes excellent [[plywood]] and [[Wood veneer|veneer]] and would be more widely used if it could be successfully [[Plantation#Forestry|plantation]] grown.  This plant is often used for [[honey]] production ([[beekeeping]]) and [[humidor]] construction.  It is occasionally used for tops or veneers on some kinds of [[electric guitars]]. The wood is the traditional choice for making the neck of flamenco and [[classical guitar]]s.
 ==See also==
+* [[Cedar wood]]
-* {{commons-inline}}
 * [[List of honey plants]]
-* [[List of plants of Atlantic Forest vegetation of Brazil]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
 ==External links==
+{{Commons category|Cedrela odorata|''Cedrela odorata''}}
-*[http://www.redlist.org/search/details.php?species=32292 ''Cedrela odorata'' at the [[IUCN]]]
+*{{Wikispecies-inline}}
-*[http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/cedrela/ordota.htm]
+*[http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/cedrela/ordota.htm Cedro Hembra, Spanish-Cedar]
+*[http://risk.forestlegality.org/species/cedrela-odorata Overview of Cedrela odorata] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112132329/http://risk.forestlegality.org/species/cedrela-odorata |date=2014-11-12 }}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q163004}}
-[[Category:Cedrela]]
-[[Category:Trees of Mexico]]
-[[Category:Trees of Belize]]
-[[Category:Trees of Costa Rica]]
-[[Category:Trees of El Salvador]]
-[[Category:Trees of Guatemala]]
-[[Category:Trees of Honduras]]
-[[Category:Trees of Nicaragua]]
-[[Category:Trees of Panama]]
-[[Category:Trees of Barbados]]
-[[Category:Trees of the Cayman Islands]]
-[[Category:Trees of Cuba]]
-[[Category:Trees of Dominica]]
-[[Category:Trees of the Dominican Republic]]
-[[Category:Trees of Guadeloupe]]
-[[Category:Trees of Haiti]]
-[[Category:Flora of Hispaniola]]
-[[Category:Trees of Jamaica]]
-[[Category:Trees of Puerto Rico]]
-[[Category:Trees of Trinidad and Tobago]]
-[[Category:Trees of French Guiana]]
-[[Category:Trees of Guyana]]
-[[Category:Trees of Suriname]]
-[[Category:Trees of Venezuela]]
-[[Category:Trees of Brazil]]
-[[Category:Trees of Bolivia]]
-[[Category:Trees of Ecuador]]
-[[Category:Trees of Peru]]
-[[Category:Trees of Argentina]]
-[[Category:Vulnerable plants]]
-[[Category:Honey plants]]
+[[Category:Cedrela|odorata]]
-[[de:Westindische Zedrele]]
+[[Category:Trees of Northern America]]
-[[es:Cedrela odorata]]
+[[Category:Trees of South America]]
-[[fr:Cedrela odorata]]
+[[Category:Trees of the Caribbean]]
-[[hsb:Wonjaty cedrelowc]]
+[[Category:Flora of the Atlantic Forest]]
-[[ht:Sèd]]
+[[Category:Plants described in 1759]]
-[[mk:Шпански кедар]]
+[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
-[[pl:Cedrzyk wonny]]
+[[Category:Flora of the Sierra Madre Occidental]]
-[[pt:Cedro-cheiroso]]
-[[zh:西班牙柏木]]