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{{Expand Russian|366-й гвардейский мотострелковый полк|date=September 2021}}
{{Expand Russian|topic=mil|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox military unit
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 336th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment
| unit_name = 366th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment
| image = USSR Motorized troops emblem.jpg
| image = USSR Motorized troops emblem.jpg
| caption = 366th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment
| caption = 366th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment
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== Lineage ==
== Lineage ==
{{Unsourced section|date=October 2023}}

* 3rd Turkestan Cavalry Division
* 3rd Turkestan Cavalry Division
*8th Cavalry Corps
*8th Cavalry Corps
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== Cold War ==
== Cold War ==
On 17 November 1964, the new name of the 98th Guards Mechanized Regiment became ''366th Guards Motorized Rifle Mozyr Red Banner Order of Suvorov Regiment''. In 1985, the regiment was relocated from [[Şəmkir]] to Stepanakert, the administrative center of the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region]]. The military town of the regiment was located in the upper part of the city near the road connecting it with the city of [[Shusha]].
On 17 November 1964, the new name of the 98th Guards Mechanized Regiment became ''366th Guards Motorized Rifle Mozyr Red Banner Order of Suvorov Regiment''. In 1985, the regiment was relocated from [[Şəmkir]] to Stepanakert, the administrative center of the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast]] (NKAO). The military town of the regiment was located in the upper part of the city near the road connecting it with the city of [[Shusha]].{{Cn|date=October 2023}}


Before the redeployment of the regiment, which was equipped with vehicles such as BMPs,<ref>[[Thomas de Waal|de Waal, Thomas]]. ''Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War''. New York: New York University Press, 2003. p. 166 {{ISBN|0-8147-1945-7}}.</ref> there were no large military units on the territory of the NKAO.<ref>[http://www.raschet-rasstoyanie.ru/marshrut/gyandzha/stepanakert Расчёт расстояний между городами России и мира]</ref> The reasons for the redeployment was never revealed. According to many Azerbaijani sources, this happened as a result of secret negotiations between high-ranking Armenian nationalists with the leadership of the [[Transcaucasian Military District]].<ref>[http://www.kp.ru/daily/26198/3085307/ Хроника объявленного убийства. Газета «Комсомольская Правда»]</ref><ref>[http://www.turkishnews.com/ru/content/2010/12/28/действия-российской-366-й-мсп-в-ханкенди/ Действия российской 366-й МСП в Ханкенди]{{dead link|bot=InternetArchiveBot|date=March 2021}}</ref> In 1988, all units of the [[23rd Guards Motor Rifle Division]] except the 366th Regiment were based at Kirovabad (now [[Ganja, Azerbaijan]]).{{Sfn|Feskov et al|2013|p=|pp=531–532}}
Before the redeployment of the regiment, which was equipped with vehicles such as BMPs,<ref>[[Thomas de Waal|de Waal, Thomas]]. ''Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War''. New York: New York University Press, 2003. p. 166 {{ISBN|0-8147-1945-7}}.</ref> there were no large military units on the territory of the NKAO.<ref>[http://www.raschet-rasstoyanie.ru/marshrut/gyandzha/stepanakert Расчёт расстояний между городами России и мира]</ref> The reasons for the redeployment was never revealed. According to many Azerbaijani sources, this happened as a result of secret negotiations between high-ranking Armenian nationalists with the leadership of the [[Transcaucasian Military District]].<ref>[http://www.kp.ru/daily/26198/3085307/ Хроника объявленного убийства. Газета «Комсомольская Правда»]</ref><ref>[http://www.turkishnews.com/ru/content/2010/12/28/действия-российской-366-й-мсп-в-ханкенди/ Действия российской 366-й МСП в Ханкенди]{{dead link|bot=InternetArchiveBot|date=March 2021}}</ref> In 1988, all units of the [[23rd Guards Motor Rifle Division]] except the 366th Regiment were based at Kirovabad (now [[Ganja, Azerbaijan]]).{{Sfn|Feskov et al|2013|p=|pp=531–532}}
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In the second half of 1987, acute interethnic tensions arose in the NKAO. In February 1988, the crisis in the region intensified after the [[Sumgait pogrom]]. The personnel of the regiment to show signs of demoralization due to the factors constant attacks on military personnel with the aim of seizing weapons, a lack of proper food supply, understaffing and pressure coming from the local population. The understaffing of the personnel, which affected the impossibility of ensuring reliable protection of the regiment's facilities.<ref>[http://www.regnumedia.com/2012/02/366.html Спасибо Владимиру Пономарёву — офицеру 366 МСП] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905174152/http://www.regnumedia.com/2012/02/366.html|date=2014-09-05}}</ref> "Officers and soldiers didn’t receive money for months, they didn’t eat bread for weeks, they ate only crackers from the NZ (emergency reserve)".<ref name="ВССС">{{cite web|first=Валерий |last=Симонов|date=2016-05-11|title="Преданная и проданная армия"|url=https://www.sovsekretno.ru/articles/id/5440/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511075528/https://www.sovsekretno.ru/articles/id/5440/|archive-date=2019-05-11|access-date=2019-05-06|publisher=www.sovsekretno.ru|url-status=dead}}</ref> In such conditions, by the end of 1991, many officers of the regiment began receiving offers to participate in hostilities on a paid basis, on the side of the Armenian armed formations. On December 25, 1991, with the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]], the regiment formally became part of the CIS Joint Armed Forces. At this point, officers of the regiment had begun to offer assistance to the Armenian population, while the units based in Ganja sided with the Azeri population.<ref name="ЮГ2">Армия государства, которого нет. [http://artofwar.narod.ru/girchenko/prose_girchenko_03_09.html Глава 9. В ''стойле''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030912210541/http://artofwar.narod.ru/girchenko/prose_girchenko_03_09.html|date=2003-09-12}}, [http://artofwar.narod.ru/girchenko/prose_girchenko_03_10.html Глава 10. Расформирование]{{dead link|bot=InternetArchiveBot|date=March 2021}}. [http://artofwar.narod.ru/girchenko/prose_girchenko_03_04.html Глава 4. Ждать дальнейших указаний] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030910174355/http://artofwar.narod.ru/girchenko/prose_girchenko_03_04.html|date=2003-09-10}}</ref> A factor in this change in policy was the fact that 50 of the remaining 350 personnel of the regiment were Armenians, including the commander of the 2nd Battalion, Major [[Seyran Ohanyan]].<ref>de Waal. ''Black Garden'', p. 167.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.contact.az/docs/2013/Politics/022600029745ru.htm|title=Азербайджан отмечает 21-ю годовщину геноцида в Ходжалы|access-date=2015-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102405/http://www.contact.az/docs/2013/Politics/022600029745ru.htm#.VddbDU6kVsc|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> Of particular use to the [[Armenian Army]] was the regimental tank company's ten tanks.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1992-02-29|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan War Traps Old Soviet Regiment : Caucasus: The soldiers want no part of the ethnic conflict, and Moscow has finally ordered them out.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-02-29-mn-2372-story.html|access-date=2021-04-24|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref>
In the second half of 1987, acute interethnic tensions arose in the NKAO. In February 1988, the crisis in the region intensified after the [[Sumgait pogrom]]. The personnel of the regiment to show signs of demoralization due to the factors constant attacks on military personnel with the aim of seizing weapons, a lack of proper food supply, understaffing and pressure coming from the local population. The understaffing of the personnel, which affected the impossibility of ensuring reliable protection of the regiment's facilities.<ref>[http://www.regnumedia.com/2012/02/366.html Спасибо Владимиру Пономарёву — офицеру 366 МСП] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905174152/http://www.regnumedia.com/2012/02/366.html|date=2014-09-05}}</ref> "Officers and soldiers didn’t receive money for months, they didn’t eat bread for weeks, they ate only crackers from the NZ (emergency reserve)".<ref name="ВССС">{{cite web|first=Валерий |last=Симонов|date=2016-05-11|title="Преданная и проданная армия"|url=https://www.sovsekretno.ru/articles/id/5440/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511075528/https://www.sovsekretno.ru/articles/id/5440/|archive-date=2019-05-11|access-date=2019-05-06|publisher=www.sovsekretno.ru|url-status=dead}}</ref> In such conditions, by the end of 1991, many officers of the regiment began receiving offers to participate in hostilities on a paid basis, on the side of the Armenian armed formations. On December 25, 1991, with the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]], the regiment formally became part of the CIS Joint Armed Forces. At this point, officers of the regiment had begun to offer assistance to the Armenian population, while the units based in Ganja sided with the Azeri population.<ref name="ЮГ2">Армия государства, которого нет. [http://artofwar.narod.ru/girchenko/prose_girchenko_03_09.html Глава 9. В ''стойле''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030912210541/http://artofwar.narod.ru/girchenko/prose_girchenko_03_09.html|date=2003-09-12}}, [http://artofwar.narod.ru/girchenko/prose_girchenko_03_10.html Глава 10. Расформирование]{{dead link|bot=InternetArchiveBot|date=March 2021}}. [http://artofwar.narod.ru/girchenko/prose_girchenko_03_04.html Глава 4. Ждать дальнейших указаний] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030910174355/http://artofwar.narod.ru/girchenko/prose_girchenko_03_04.html|date=2003-09-10}}</ref> A factor in this change in policy was the fact that 50 of the remaining 350 personnel of the regiment were Armenians, including the commander of the 2nd Battalion, Major [[Seyran Ohanyan]].<ref>de Waal. ''Black Garden'', p. 167.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.contact.az/docs/2013/Politics/022600029745ru.htm|title=Азербайджан отмечает 21-ю годовщину геноцида в Ходжалы|access-date=2015-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102405/http://www.contact.az/docs/2013/Politics/022600029745ru.htm#.VddbDU6kVsc|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> Of particular use to the [[Armenian Army]] was the regimental tank company's ten tanks.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1992-02-29|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan War Traps Old Soviet Regiment : Caucasus: The soldiers want no part of the ethnic conflict, and Moscow has finally ordered them out.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-02-29-mn-2372-story.html|access-date=2021-04-24|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref>


Following an attack on the regiment on 23 February,<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmwM8WZcS5w Видеорепортаж российской журналистки Светланы Кульчицкой с территории военного городка 366-го гв.мсп. 26 февраля 1992 года]</ref> the regiment took part in the mass murder of several hundreds of [[Azerbaijanis|Azerbaijani]] civilians in the town of [[Khojaly (town)|Khojaly]] on 26 February.<ref name="deWaal">{{cite book|last=de Waal|first=Thomas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pletup86PMQC&pg=PA172|title=Black garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2004|isbn=0-8147-1945-7|pages=172–173|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603030851/https://books.google.com/books?id=pletup86PMQC&pg=PA172|archive-date=3 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 March 1992|title=The New York Times – massacre by Armenians Being Reported|publisher=Select.nytimes.com|location=Commonwealth of Independent States; Azerbaijan; Khojaly (Armenia); Armenia|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10611FF3C5D0C708CDDAA0894DA494D81|url-status=live|access-date=28 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311133234/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10611FF3C5D0C708CDDAA0894DA494D81|archive-date=11 March 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Smolowe|first=Jill|date=16 March 1992|title=TIME Magazine – Tragedy Massacre in Khojaly|url=http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,975096,00.html|url-status=dead|magazine=Time.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050228104647/http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,975096,00.html|archive-date=28 February 2005|access-date=28 April 2014}}</ref><ref>Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. Human Rights Watch, 1992. {{ISBN|1-56432-081-2}}, {{ISBN|978-1-56432-081-0}}, p. 21</ref> The event, known today as the [[Khojaly massacre]], was the largest single massacre throughout the entire [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]].<ref name="eurasiadenialism">{{cite web|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=22 November 2019|title=Armenian and Azerbaijani leaders embrace denialism|url=https://eurasianet.org/armenian-and-azerbaijani-leaders-embrace-denialism|access-date=25 February 2021|website=eurasianet.org|publisher=[[Eurasianet]]|quote=}}</ref> ''[[Krasnaya Zvezda]]'' reported that personnel of the 366th took part in "military operations" in the town "despite categorical orders of the command of the [[Transcaucasus Military District|military district]]" and that many in the regiment who were selectively searched had "large amounts of money on them, including foreign currency".<ref>Красная звезда, 11.03.92. Карабах: война до победного конца? ''несмотря на категорические приказы командования округа, некоторые военнослужащие 366-го мсп всё же принимали участие на стороне карабахцев в боевых действиях под Ходжалы в двадцатых числах февраля. По крайней мере зафиксировано два таких случая. А при эвакуации личного состава полка десантники на выбор проверили несколько военнослужащих и обнаружили у них большие суммы денег, в том числе и в иностранной валюте''</ref> Russian authorities to date deny the involvement of the regiment in the atrocities at Khojaly.<ref>[http://xocali.org/index.php?p=366_polk Ходжалы. Роль 366-го мотострелкового полка]</ref><ref>[http://www.k2x2.info/istorija/hodzhalinskoe_delo_osobaja_papka/p5.php Об участии 366-го полка в штурме на Ходжалу]</ref> Following the massacre, the leadership of the CIS Joint Armed Forces made the decision to evacuate the the regiment from Stepanakert to Vaziani in the territory of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. The withdrawal of the regiment began on March 1, accompanied by battles with [[Armenian volunteer units during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War|Armenian volunteer formations]]. 10 days later, the regiment was disbanded in Vaziani.<ref name="14кд">[http://www.pobeda1945.su/division/4874 14-я гвардейская кавалерийская Мозырская Краснознамённая ордена Суворова дивизия]</ref><ref name="ЮГ2"/><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/in_depth/newsid_4673000/4673953.stm Том де Ваал «Чёрный сад». Глава 11. Август 1991 — май 1992 гг. Начало войны.]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=LLC|first=Academy Of Development|title=ԼՂՀ ՊԲ մարտական ուղու պատմության համառոտ ուղեցույց {{!}} ԼՂՀ պաշտպանության նախարարության պաշտոնական կայք|url=https://nkrmil.am/history-of-defence-army/view/39|access-date=2021-04-24|website=nkrmil.am|language=hy}}</ref>
Following an attack on the regiment on 23 February,<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmwM8WZcS5w Видеорепортаж российской журналистки Светланы Кульчицкой с территории военного городка 366-го гв.мсп. 26 февраля 1992 года]</ref> the regiment took part in the mass murder of several hundreds of [[Azerbaijanis|Azerbaijani]] civilians in the town of [[Khojaly (town)|Khojaly]] on 26 February.<ref name="deWaal">{{cite book|last=de Waal|first=Thomas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pletup86PMQC&pg=PA172|title=Black garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2004|isbn=0-8147-1945-7|pages=172–173|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603030851/https://books.google.com/books?id=pletup86PMQC&pg=PA172|archive-date=3 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 March 1992|title=The New York Times – massacre by Armenians Being Reported|publisher=Select.nytimes.com|location=Commonwealth of Independent States; Azerbaijan; Khojaly (Armenia); Armenia|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10611FF3C5D0C708CDDAA0894DA494D81|url-status=live|access-date=28 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311133234/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10611FF3C5D0C708CDDAA0894DA494D81|archive-date=11 March 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Smolowe|first=Jill|date=16 March 1992|title=TIME Magazine – Tragedy Massacre in Khojaly|url=http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,975096,00.html|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050228104647/http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,975096,00.html|archive-date=28 February 2005|access-date=28 April 2014}}</ref><ref>Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. Human Rights Watch, 1992. {{ISBN|1-56432-081-2}}, {{ISBN|978-1-56432-081-0}}, p. 21</ref> The event, known today as the [[Khojaly massacre]], was the largest single massacre throughout the entire [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]], though disputed by Czech journalist Dana Mazalová, who recalled what Azeri journalist [[Chingiz Mustafayev (journalist)|Chingiz Mustafayev]] told her about the massacre, claiming Azeri forces committed a massacre of Meskhetian Turks and placed the bodies there to disrupt a [[Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe]] meeting for the conflict a month later. Mazalová added that she spoke to Azeri President [[Ayaz Mutallibov|Ayaz Mutalibov]] about the incident and said he felt Azeri forces may have committed this massacre to depose him from his presidency.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OriginsD |date=2021-11-20 |title=A Shocking truth about Khojaly by Dana Mazalová |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-5WexuCWNU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228000530/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-5WexuCWNU |archive-date= 28 February 2023|access-date=28 February 2023 |website=YouTube}}</ref><ref name="eurasiadenialism">{{cite web|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=22 November 2019|title=Armenian and Azerbaijani leaders embrace denialism|url=https://eurasianet.org/armenian-and-azerbaijani-leaders-embrace-denialism|access-date=25 February 2021|website=eurasianet.org|publisher=[[Eurasianet]]|quote=}}</ref> ''[[Krasnaya Zvezda]]'' reported that personnel of the 366th took part in "military operations" in the town "despite categorical orders of the command of the [[Transcaucasus Military District|military district]]" and that many in the regiment who were selectively searched had "large amounts of money on them, including foreign currency".<ref>Красная звезда, 11.03.92. Карабах: война до победного конца? ''несмотря на категорические приказы командования округа, некоторые военнослужащие 366-го мсп всё же принимали участие на стороне карабахцев в боевых действиях под Ходжалы в двадцатых числах февраля. По крайней мере зафиксировано два таких случая. А при эвакуации личного состава полка десантники на выбор проверили несколько военнослужащих и обнаружили у них большие суммы денег, в том числе и в иностранной валюте''</ref> Russian authorities to date deny the involvement of the regiment in the atrocities at Khojaly.<ref>[http://xocali.org/index.php?p=366_polk Ходжалы. Роль 366-го мотострелкового полка]</ref><ref>[http://www.k2x2.info/istorija/hodzhalinskoe_delo_osobaja_papka/p5.php Об участии 366-го полка в штурме на Ходжалу]</ref> Following the massacre, the leadership of the CIS Joint Armed Forces made the decision to evacuate the regiment from Stepanakert to Vaziani in the territory of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. The withdrawal of the regiment began on March 1, accompanied by battles with [[Armenian volunteer units during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War|Armenian volunteer formations]]. 10 days later, the regiment was disbanded in Vaziani.<ref name="14кд">[http://www.pobeda1945.su/division/4874 14-я гвардейская кавалерийская Мозырская Краснознамённая ордена Суворова дивизия]</ref><ref name="ЮГ2"/><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/in_depth/newsid_4673000/4673953.stm Том де Ваал «Чёрный сад». Глава 11. Август 1991 — май 1992 гг. Начало войны.]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=LLC|first=Academy Of Development|title=ԼՂՀ ՊԲ մարտական ուղու պատմության համառոտ ուղեցույց {{!}} ԼՂՀ պաշտպանության նախարարության պաշտոնական կայք|url=https://nkrmil.am/history-of-defence-army/view/39|access-date=2021-04-24|website=nkrmil.am|language=hy|archive-date=2021-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424141055/https://nkrmil.am/history-of-defence-army/view/39|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== Commanders ==
== Commanders ==


* Colonel Alexander Kolyvanov (1988-1990)
* Colonel Alexander Kolyvanov (1988-1990){{Cn|date=October 2023}}
* Lieutenant Colonel Yuri Zarvigorov (1990-1992)<ref>The Guardian (London), March 7, 1992. Suzanne Goldenberg. Russian deserters join Armenians.</ref>
* Lieutenant Colonel Yuri Zarvigorov (1990-1992)<ref>The Guardian (London), March 7, 1992. Suzanne Goldenberg. Russian deserters join Armenians.</ref>


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* {{Cite book|title=Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской|last=Feskov|first=V.I.|last2=Golikov|first2=V.I.|last3=Kalashnikov|first3=K.A.|last4=Slugin|first4=S. A.|publisher=Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing|year=2013|isbn=9785895035306|location=Tomsk|language=Russian|trans-title=The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces|ref={{SfnRef|Feskov et al|2013}} }}
* {{Cite book|title=Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской|last=Feskov|first=V.I.|last2=Golikov|first2=V.I.|last3=Kalashnikov|first3=K.A.|last4=Slugin|first4=S. A.|publisher=Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing|year=2013|isbn=9785895035306|location=Tomsk|language=Russian|trans-title=The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces|ref={{SfnRef|Feskov et al|2013}} }}


[[Category:Regiments of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Infantry units and formations of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1964]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1964]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1992]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1992]]
[[Category:Infantry units and formations of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War]]
[[Category:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]]
[[Category:Khojaly Massacre]]
[[Category:Khojaly Massacre]]
[[Category:Commonwealth of Independent States]]
[[Category:Commonwealth of Independent States]]

Latest revision as of 02:44, 17 November 2024

366th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment
366th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment
Active1964–1992
Country Soviet Union
Allegiance CIS
BranchInfantry
SizeRegiment
Part of23rd Guards Motor Rifle Division
Garrison/HQStepanakert
EngagementsOperation Ring
Decorations
Battle honoursMazyr

The 366th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment was a motor rifle unit of the Soviet Army and the United Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Lineage

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  • 3rd Turkestan Cavalry Division
  • 8th Cavalry Corps
  • 14th Guards Cavalry Division, 7th Guards Cavalry Corps
  • 98th Guards Mechanized Regiment
  • 366th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment

Cold War

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On 17 November 1964, the new name of the 98th Guards Mechanized Regiment became 366th Guards Motorized Rifle Mozyr Red Banner Order of Suvorov Regiment. In 1985, the regiment was relocated from Şəmkir to Stepanakert, the administrative center of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO). The military town of the regiment was located in the upper part of the city near the road connecting it with the city of Shusha.[citation needed]

Before the redeployment of the regiment, which was equipped with vehicles such as BMPs,[1] there were no large military units on the territory of the NKAO.[2] The reasons for the redeployment was never revealed. According to many Azerbaijani sources, this happened as a result of secret negotiations between high-ranking Armenian nationalists with the leadership of the Transcaucasian Military District.[3][4] In 1988, all units of the 23rd Guards Motor Rifle Division except the 366th Regiment were based at Kirovabad (now Ganja, Azerbaijan).[5]

Karabakh War and Khojaly Massacre

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In the second half of 1987, acute interethnic tensions arose in the NKAO. In February 1988, the crisis in the region intensified after the Sumgait pogrom. The personnel of the regiment to show signs of demoralization due to the factors constant attacks on military personnel with the aim of seizing weapons, a lack of proper food supply, understaffing and pressure coming from the local population. The understaffing of the personnel, which affected the impossibility of ensuring reliable protection of the regiment's facilities.[6] "Officers and soldiers didn’t receive money for months, they didn’t eat bread for weeks, they ate only crackers from the NZ (emergency reserve)".[7] In such conditions, by the end of 1991, many officers of the regiment began receiving offers to participate in hostilities on a paid basis, on the side of the Armenian armed formations. On December 25, 1991, with the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, the regiment formally became part of the CIS Joint Armed Forces. At this point, officers of the regiment had begun to offer assistance to the Armenian population, while the units based in Ganja sided with the Azeri population.[8] A factor in this change in policy was the fact that 50 of the remaining 350 personnel of the regiment were Armenians, including the commander of the 2nd Battalion, Major Seyran Ohanyan.[9][10] Of particular use to the Armenian Army was the regimental tank company's ten tanks.[11]

Following an attack on the regiment on 23 February,[12] the regiment took part in the mass murder of several hundreds of Azerbaijani civilians in the town of Khojaly on 26 February.[13][14][15][16] The event, known today as the Khojaly massacre, was the largest single massacre throughout the entire Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, though disputed by Czech journalist Dana Mazalová, who recalled what Azeri journalist Chingiz Mustafayev told her about the massacre, claiming Azeri forces committed a massacre of Meskhetian Turks and placed the bodies there to disrupt a Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe meeting for the conflict a month later. Mazalová added that she spoke to Azeri President Ayaz Mutalibov about the incident and said he felt Azeri forces may have committed this massacre to depose him from his presidency.[17][18] Krasnaya Zvezda reported that personnel of the 366th took part in "military operations" in the town "despite categorical orders of the command of the military district" and that many in the regiment who were selectively searched had "large amounts of money on them, including foreign currency".[19] Russian authorities to date deny the involvement of the regiment in the atrocities at Khojaly.[20][21] Following the massacre, the leadership of the CIS Joint Armed Forces made the decision to evacuate the regiment from Stepanakert to Vaziani in the territory of Georgia. The withdrawal of the regiment began on March 1, accompanied by battles with Armenian volunteer formations. 10 days later, the regiment was disbanded in Vaziani.[22][8][23][24]

Commanders

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  • Colonel Alexander Kolyvanov (1988-1990)[citation needed]
  • Lieutenant Colonel Yuri Zarvigorov (1990-1992)[25]

Citations

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  1. ^ de Waal, Thomas. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War. New York: New York University Press, 2003. p. 166 ISBN 0-8147-1945-7.
  2. ^ Расчёт расстояний между городами России и мира
  3. ^ Хроника объявленного убийства. Газета «Комсомольская Правда»
  4. ^ Действия российской 366-й МСП в Ханкенди[dead link‍]
  5. ^ Feskov et al 2013, pp. 531–532.
  6. ^ Спасибо Владимиру Пономарёву — офицеру 366 МСП Archived 2014-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Симонов, Валерий (2016-05-11). ""Преданная и проданная армия"". www.sovsekretno.ru. Archived from the original on 2019-05-11. Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  8. ^ a b Армия государства, которого нет. Глава 9. В стойле Archived 2003-09-12 at the Wayback Machine, Глава 10. Расформирование[dead link‍]. Глава 4. Ждать дальнейших указаний Archived 2003-09-10 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ de Waal. Black Garden, p. 167.
  10. ^ "Азербайджан отмечает 21-ю годовщину геноцида в Ходжалы". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-08-21.
  11. ^ "Armenia-Azerbaijan War Traps Old Soviet Regiment : Caucasus: The soldiers want no part of the ethnic conflict, and Moscow has finally ordered them out". Los Angeles Times. 1992-02-29. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  12. ^ Видеорепортаж российской журналистки Светланы Кульчицкой с территории военного городка 366-го гв.мсп. 26 февраля 1992 года
  13. ^ de Waal, Thomas (2004). Black garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war. ABC-CLIO. pp. 172–173. ISBN 0-8147-1945-7. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016.
  14. ^ "The New York Times – massacre by Armenians Being Reported". Commonwealth of Independent States; Azerbaijan; Khojaly (Armenia); Armenia: Select.nytimes.com. 3 March 1992. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  15. ^ Smolowe, Jill (16 March 1992). "TIME Magazine – Tragedy Massacre in Khojaly". Time. Archived from the original on 28 February 2005. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  16. ^ Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. Human Rights Watch, 1992. ISBN 1-56432-081-2, ISBN 978-1-56432-081-0, p. 21
  17. ^ OriginsD (2021-11-20). "A Shocking truth about Khojaly by Dana Mazalová". YouTube. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  18. ^ "Armenian and Azerbaijani leaders embrace denialism". eurasianet.org. Eurasianet. 22 November 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  19. ^ Красная звезда, 11.03.92. Карабах: война до победного конца? несмотря на категорические приказы командования округа, некоторые военнослужащие 366-го мсп всё же принимали участие на стороне карабахцев в боевых действиях под Ходжалы в двадцатых числах февраля. По крайней мере зафиксировано два таких случая. А при эвакуации личного состава полка десантники на выбор проверили несколько военнослужащих и обнаружили у них большие суммы денег, в том числе и в иностранной валюте
  20. ^ Ходжалы. Роль 366-го мотострелкового полка
  21. ^ Об участии 366-го полка в штурме на Ходжалу
  22. ^ 14-я гвардейская кавалерийская Мозырская Краснознамённая ордена Суворова дивизия
  23. ^ Том де Ваал «Чёрный сад». Глава 11. Август 1991 — май 1992 гг. Начало войны.
  24. ^ LLC, Academy Of Development. "ԼՂՀ ՊԲ մարտական ուղու պատմության համառոտ ուղեցույց | ԼՂՀ պաշտպանության նախարարության պաշտոնական կայք". nkrmil.am (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 2021-04-24. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  25. ^ The Guardian (London), March 7, 1992. Suzanne Goldenberg. Russian deserters join Armenians.

Sources

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  • Feskov, V.I.; Golikov, V.I.; Kalashnikov, K.A.; Slugin, S. A. (2013). Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской [The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces] (in Russian). Tomsk: Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing. ISBN 9785895035306.
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