Jump to content

420 (cannabis culture): Difference between revisions

Page protected with pending changes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
[pending revision][accepted revision]
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
unsourced
GreenC bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
2,546,165 edits
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Number referring to cannabis}}
<!--Please note, this article is about how the number 420 relates to cannabis culture. If you have come here to add information about the Columbine High School Murders, Hitler's birthday or add an example of 420 in pop culture please know it is not relevant. Anything added to this article should relate to both the number 420 and cannabis culture.-->
{{pp-pc1}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2012}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2023}}
<!--Please note: this article is about how the number 420 relates to marijuana culture. If you have come here to add information about the Columbine High School murders, Adolf Hitler's birthday, or to add an example of appearances of "420" in popular culture, please know that such content is irrelevant to this topic. Additions to this article should relate to the topic of the number 420 in cannabis culture.-->
{{Infobox holiday
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = 4/20
|holiday_name = 420 <br /><small>originally "4:20 Louis"</small>
|type = secular
|type = secular
|image = 420Louis.jpg
|image = Louis Pasteur statue, San Rafael High School (crop).jpg
|imagesize = 220px
|imagesize =
|caption =
|caption = Statue of [[Louis Pasteur]], at [[San Rafael High School]], which is said to be the site of the original 4:20 gatherings.
Statue of [[Louis Pasteur]] at [[San Rafael High School]], by [[Benny Bufano]] (1940),<ref>{{cite web|title=Daily Independent Journal from San Rafael, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/71688761/|access-date=April 22, 2017|date=November 20, 1954}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Chronicle|first1=San Francisco|title=The San Francisco Chronicle Reader|publisher=McGraw-Hill|url=https://archive.org/details/sanfranciscochro00sanf|url-access=registration|access-date=April 22, 2017|language=en|year=1962}}</ref> site of the earliest 4:20 gatherings in 1971
|official_name =
|official_name =
|nickname =
|nickname =
|observedby = [[Cannabis (drug)|Cannabis]] [[counterculture]], [[Legality of cannabis|legal reformers]], [[Religious and spiritual use of cannabis|entheogenic spiritualists]]
|observedby = [[Cannabis (drug)|Cannabis]] [[counterculture]], [[Legality of cannabis|legal reformers]], [[Religious and spiritual use of cannabis|entheogenic spiritualists]], and general users of cannabis
|date = April 20
|date = 4:20 p.m./April 20
|observances = [[Cannabis consumption]], traditionally [[cannabis smoking]], [[Cannabis dispensaries in the United States|dispensary]] discounts
|scheduling = same day each year
|observances = [[Cannabis consumption]]
|relatedto =
|relatedto =
|significance = Time/date to celebrate cannabis
|frequency = annual
|duration = 1 day
|frequency = Daily, annually
}}
}}
'''420''', '''4:20''', or '''4/20''' (pronounced '''four-twenty''') is a code-term that refers to the consumption of [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] and by extension, as a way to identify oneself with cannabis [[drug subcultures|subculture]] or simply cannabis itself. Observances based on the number 420 include smoking cannabis around the time 4:20 p.m. (with some sources also indicating 4:20 a.m.<ref name="philly">{{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/breaking/How_420_became_a_marijuana_holiday.html|title=How 420 became a marijuana holiday|last=Chris Goldstein|date=April 17, 2013|work=[[Philadelphia Media Network]]|accessdate=21 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="hightimes.com">http://hightimes.com/read/power-420</ref>) on any given day, as well as smoking and celebrating cannabis on the date April 20 (4/20 in [[Date and time notation in the United States|U.S. form]]).<ref name=UCSC>{{cite web |url=http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2007/April/24/local/stories/08local.htm |title=Thousands at UCSC burn one to mark cannabis holiday |first=Matt |last=King |date=April 24, 2007 |work=[[Santa Cruz Sentinel]] |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070426081319/http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2007/April/24/local/stories/08local.htm |archivedate = April 26, 2007}}</ref>


'''420''', '''4:20''' or '''4/20''' (pronounced '''four-twenty''') is [[cannabis culture]] slang for [[Cannabis consumption|marijuana and hashish consumption]], especially [[Cannabis smoking|smoking]] around the time 4:20 p.m. (16:20). It also refers to [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]]-oriented celebrations that take place annually on April 20 (4/20 in [[Date and time notation in the United States|U.S.]] date form).<ref name=UCSC>{{cite web |url=http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2007/April/24/local/stories/08local.htm |title=Thousands at UCSC burn one to mark cannabis holiday |first=Matt |last=King |date=April 24, 2007 |work=[[Santa Cruz Sentinel]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070426081319/http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2007/April/24/local/stories/08local.htm |archive-date = April 26, 2007}}</ref><ref name="McCoy 2014">{{cite news | last=McCoy | first=Terrence | title=The strange story of how the pot holiday '4/20' got its name | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=2014-04-18 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/04/18/the-strange-story-of-how-the-pot-holiday-420-got-its-name/ | access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref>
== Origins ==
A group of teenagers in [[San Rafael, California]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2000/04/20/MN101165.DTL|title=Stoner Chic Traces Origin To San Rafael – Snickering high schoolers brought `420' into lexicon |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |accessdate=April 4, 2012}}</ref><ref name=NYT2009>{{cite news|first=Jesse|last=McKinley|title=Marijuana Advocates Point to Signs of Change|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/20/us/20marijuana.html|quote=Mr. Hager said the significance of April 20 dates to a ritual begun in the early 1970s in which a group of Northern California teenagers smoked cannabis every day at 4:20 p.m. Word of the ritual spread and expanded to a yearly event in various places. Soon, cannabis aficionados were using "420" as a code for smoking and using it as a sign-off on flyers for concerts where the drug would be plentiful. In recent years, the April 20 events have become so widespread that several colleges have discouraged students from participating. At the University of Colorado, Boulder, where thousands of students regularly use the day to light up in the quad, administrators sent an e-mail message this month pleading with students not to "participate in unlawful activity that debases the reputation of your university and degree."|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 19, 2009|accessdate=January 23, 2011 | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110120011019/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/20/us/20marijuana.html| archivedate= 20 January 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> calling themselves the Waldos,<ref name="Times2012">{{cite book|author=High Times|title=The Official High Times Cannabis Cookbook: More Than 50 Irresistible Recipes That Will Get You High|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=W-vas6K75YYC&pg=PA97|accessdate=19 April 2012|date=21 March 2012|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-1-4521-0133-0|pages=97–}}</ref> because, "their chosen hang-out spot was a wall outside the school",<ref name=HuffPost2009>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/20/what-420-means-the-true-s_n_188320.html|title=What 420 Means: The True Story Behind Stoners' Favorite Number|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=April 20, 2009|accessdate=January 23, 2011|first=Ryan|last=Grim|authorlink=Ryan Grim}}</ref> used the term in connection with a fall 1971 plan to search for an abandoned cannabis crop that they had learned about.<ref name="Times2012"/><ref name=HuffPost2010>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/04/20/420-meaning-the-true-stor_n_543854.html|title=420 Meaning: The True Story Of How April 20 Became 'Weed Day'|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=April 20, 2010|accessdate=January 23, 2011|first=Ryan|last=Grim|authorlink=Ryan Grim}}</ref> The Waldos designated the [[Louis Pasteur]] statue on the grounds of [[San Rafael High School]] as their meeting place, and 4:20 p.m. as their meeting time.<ref name=HuffPost2009/> The Waldos referred to this plan with the phrase "4:20 Louis". Multiple failed attempts to find the crop eventually shortened their phrase to simply "4:20", which ultimately evolved into a codeword that the teens used to mean marijuana-smoking in general.<ref name=HuffPost2010/> [[Mike Edison]] says that [[Steve Hager]] of ''[[High Times]]'' was responsible for taking the story about the Waldos to "mind-boggling, cult like extremes" and "suppressing" all other stories about the origin of the term.<ref name="Edison2009">{{cite book|last=Edison|first=Mike|title=I Have Fun Everywhere I Go: Savage Tales of Pot, Porn, Punk Rock, Pro Wrestling, Talking Apes, Evil Bosses, Dirty Blues, American Heroes, and the Most Notorious Magazines in the World|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=y9lMGpb0HD4C&pg=PA207|accessdate=20 April 2013|date=2009-05-12|publisher=Faber & Faber|isbn=9780865479036|pages=207–}}</ref>


==Origins==
Hager wrote "Stoner Smart or Stoner Stupid?" in which he called for 4:20 p.m. to be the socially accepted hour of the day to consume cannabis.<ref name=dead>{{cite web|url=http://hightimes.com/entertainment/ht_admin/834|work=High Times|title=Stoner Smart, or Stoner Stupid?|year=2008|accessdate=2012-04-20}}</ref> He attributes the early spread of the phrase to [[Deadhead|Grateful Dead followers]], who were also linked to the city of San Rafael.<ref name=dead/>
Five high school students in [[San Rafael, California]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2000/04/20/MN101165.DTL|title=Stoner Chic Traces Origin To San Rafael – Snickering high schoolers brought '420' into lexicon |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |access-date=April 4, 2012|date=April 20, 2000 }}</ref><ref name=NYT2009>{{cite news|first=Jesse|last=McKinley|title=Marijuana Advocates Point to Signs of Change |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/20/us/20marijuana.html |work=The New York Times|date=April 19, 2009|access-date=January 23, 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101218011241/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/20/us/20marijuana.html| archive-date=December 18, 2010| url-status= live}}</ref> coined the term as part of their 1971 search for an abandoned cannabis crop, based on a [[treasure map]] made by the grower.<ref name=HuffPost2010>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/04/20/420-meaning-the-true-stor_n_543854.html|title=420 Meaning: The True Story Of How April 20 Became 'Weed Day'|work=The Huffington Post|date=April 20, 2010|access-date=January 23, 2011|first=Ryan|last=Grim|author-link=Ryan Grim}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Bay-Area-originators-of-420-term-marijuana-7255771.php|date=April 20, 2016|title=Local originators of term 420 solve 45-year-old mystery|author=Alyssa Pereira|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> Calling themselves the Waldos,<ref name="Times2012">{{cite book|author=High Times|title=The Official High Times Cannabis Cookbook: More Than 50 Irresistible Recipes That Will Get You High|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W-vas6K75YYC&pg=PA97|access-date=April 19, 2012|year=2012|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-1-4521-0133-0|pages=97–}}</ref><ref name="WSJ2012">{{cite web|first1=Rachel Emma|last1=Silverman|first2=Rachel|last2=Dodes|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303425504577354021179378292|title=High Expectations: Marketers Hope for Buzz on 4/20|date=April 20, 2012|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> because their typical hang-out spot "was a wall outside the school",<ref name=HuffPost2009>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/20/what-420-means-the-true-s_n_188320.html|title=What 420 Means: The True Story Behind Stoners' Favorite Number|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=April 20, 2009|access-date=January 23, 2011|first=Ryan|last=Grim|author-link=Ryan Grim|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130014421/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/20/what-420-means-the-true-s_n_188320.html|archive-date=January 30, 2014}}</ref> the five students—Steve Capper, Dave Reddix, Jeffrey Noel, Larry Schwartz, and Mark Gravich<ref name="time_What">{{Cite magazine| title = What the Guys Who Coined '420' Think About Their Place in Marijuana History| author = Olivia B. Waxman| magazine = Time| date = April 19, 2017| access-date = April 20, 2017| url = https://time.com/4739364/420-marijuana-history/| url-status = live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170420013416/http://time.com/4739364/marijuana-420-day-inventors/| archive-date = April 20, 2017}}</ref>—designated the [[Louis Pasteur]] statue<ref>Statue by [[Beniamino Bufano]], {{cite web|url=https://newdealartregistry.org/artist/BufanoBeniamino/#|title=Louis Pasteur – 1940|publisher=New Deal Art Registry|access-date=November 16, 2018}}</ref> on the grounds of [[San Rafael High School]] as their meeting place, and 4:20 p.m. as their meeting time.<ref name=HuffPost2009 /> The Waldos referred to this plan with the phrase "4:20 Louis". After several failed attempts to find the crop, the group eventually shortened their phrase to "4:20", which ultimately evolved into a code-word the teens used to refer to consuming cannabis.<ref name=HuffPost2010/>


[[Steven Hager]] of ''[[High Times]]'' popularized the story of the Waldos.<ref name="Edison2009">{{cite book |author-link=Mike Edison |last=Edison|first=Mike|title=I Have Fun Everywhere I Go: Savage Tales of Pot, Porn, Punk Rock, Pro Wrestling, Talking Apes, Evil Bosses, Dirty Blues, American Heroes, and the Most Notorious Magazines in the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y9lMGpb0HD4C&pg=PA207|access-date=April 20, 2013|year=2009|publisher=Faber & Faber|isbn=978-0-86547-903-6|pages=207–}}</ref> The first ''High Times'' mention of 4:20 smoking and a 4/20 holiday appeared in May 1991<ref>[http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/First420story.jpg "Wake 'n' Bake!"]</ref> and erroneously attributed the origin of the term to a police code; this and other spurious incorrect origin stories became common.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/420/ | title=The Origins of 420 | date=September 14, 2002 }}</ref> The connection to the Waldos appeared in December 1998. Hager attributed the early spread of the phrase to [[Deadhead|Grateful Dead followers]]<ref name="dead"/>—after "Waldo" Reddix became a [[Road crew|roadie]] for the [[Grateful Dead]] bassist, [[Phil Lesh]]<ref name="time_What" />—and called for 4:20 p.m. to be the socially accepted time of the day to consume cannabis.<ref name="dead">{{cite web|url=http://hightimes.com/entertainment/ht_admin/834|title=Stoner Smart, or Stoner Stupid?|work=High Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514155600/http://hightimes.com/entertainment/ht_admin/834|archive-date=May 14, 2012|access-date=April 20, 2012|date=August 2002}}</ref>
== April 20 observances ==
[[File:420 event in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, April 20th 2013.webm|thumb|420 event in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, April 20, 2013]]
[[File:SantaCruzUCSC.jpg|thumb|Students and others gather for a "420 Day" event in Porter Meadow at the [[University of California, Santa Cruz]], campus on April 20, 2007.]]


Another San Rafael group claims to have originated the term before the Waldos.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bay Area origins of '420' are full of controversy|author=Lester Black|website=[[SFGATE]]|publisher=Hearst Communications|date=April 17, 2023|url=https://www.sfgate.com/cannabis/article/420-bay-area-origins-controversy-17897296.php}}</ref>
April 20 has become a [[counterculture]] holiday in North America, where people gather to celebrate and consume cannabis.<ref name="hightimes.com"/><ref name=UCSC/> Some events have a political nature to them, advocating for the legalization of cannabis. North American observances have been held in [[San Francisco]]'s [[Golden Gate Park]] near the [[Haight-Ashbury]] district,<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://sfcitizen.com/blog/2010/04/20/a-huge-turn-out-for-420-day-on-hippie-hill-in-san-franciscos-golden-gate-park/
|title=A Huge Turn Out for 420 Day on Hippie Hill in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park " San Francisco Citizen |publisher=Sfcitizen.com
|date=2010-04-20
|accessdate=2011-04-20
| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110430000040/http://sfcitizen.com/blog/2010/04/20/a-huge-turn-out-for-420-day-on-hippie-hill-in-san-franciscos-golden-gate-park/
| archivedate= 30 April 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> the [[University of Colorado system|University of Colorado]]'s [[University of Colorado at Boulder|Boulder campus]],<ref name=NYT2009 /><ref name=autogenerated1>
[http://web.archive.org/web/20080728060041/http://www.dailycamera.com/news/2008/apr/20/cus-420-pot-smoke-out-draws-10000/ CU's 4/20 pot smoke-out draws crowd of 10,000 : CU News].</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailycamera.com/archivesearch/ci_14855977?IADID=Search-www.dailycamera.com-www.dailycamera.com#axzz0lJwVBnxu |title=Medical marijuana expected to give momentum to CU-Boulder 4/20 event – Boulder Daily Camera |publisher=Dailycamera.com |date= |accessdate=2011-04-20| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110430022905/http://www.dailycamera.com/archivesearch/ci_14855977?IADID=Search-www.dailycamera.com-www.dailycamera.com| archivedate= 30 April 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Ottawa, Ontario, at [[Parliament Hill]] and [[Majors Hill Park|Major's Hill Park]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2009/04/19/9165666-sun.html |title=Pot activists to light up on Hill |publisher=Cnews.canoe.ca |date= |accessdate=2011-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/290409 |title=Ottawa's Parliament Hill just one site for planned 4/20 protest |publisher=Digitaljournal.com |date= |accessdate=2011-04-20| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110511102321/http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/290409| archivedate= 11 May 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Montréal, Québec at [[Mount Royal]] monument,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samesun.com/blog/420-day-cannabis-festival/ |title=420 Day- Cannabis Festival |publisher=samesun.com Samesun Nation Travel Blog|date= |accessdate=2011-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/April2011/19/c5308.html|title=Canada's marijuana activists unite against American-style drug laws – 420 vote mobs to be held in over 10 cities across Canada on April 20th|publisher=newswire.ca CNW Group|date= |accessdate=2011-04-20}}</ref> [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]] at the [[Alberta Legislature Building]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edmontonsun.com/2013/04/20/hundreds-of-tokers-flood-alberta-legislature-in-protest-to-push-for-legalization-of-marijuana|title=Hundreds of Tokers Flood Alberta Legislature in Protest to Push for Legalization of Marijuana|accessdate=2013-04-22}}</ref> as well as Vancouver, British Columbia at the [[Vancouver Art Gallery]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wiki4weed.com/archive/thousands-marijuana-smokers-gather-vancouver-celebrate-420/ |title=Thousands of marijuana smokers gather in Vancouver to celebrate "420" |first=Neal |last=Hall |work=[[The Vancouver Sun]] |date=May 2, 2009 |accessdate=September 30, 2009}}</ref> The growing size of the unofficial event at [[University of California, Santa Cruz|UC Santa Cruz]] caused the Vice Chancellor of Student Affairs to send an e-mail to parents in 2009 stating: "The growth in scale of this activity has become a concern for both the university and surrounding community."<ref name="SCS2009">{{cite news | url=http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/localnews/ci_12087719|title=Mom and Dad now know about '4/20' | first=Genevieve | last=Bookwalter|date=04/07/2009|work=Santa Cruz Sentinel|accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref>


==International observance of April 20==
Events have also occurred in [[Auckland]], New Zealand at the [[Daktory]].<ref name="Hopkins">{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/3218470/Pot-clubs-go-nationwide|title=Pot clubs go nationwide|last=Hopkins|first=Steve|date=January 10, 2010|work=Sunday News|accessdate=January 13, 2010| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20100112102900/http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/3218470/Pot-clubs-go-nationwide| archivedate= 12 January 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>{{verify credibility|date=April 2012}} and [[Dunedin]], New Zealand, at [[University of Otago]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/on-campus/university-otago/9276/police-swoop-cannabis-protest|title=Police swoop on cannabis protest|last=Porteous|first=Debbie |date=June 12, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|accessdate=March 31, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=420 Protest|url=http://www.ch9.co.nz/node/7704|date=February 22, 2008|work=Channel 9 News Dunedin|accessdate=October 7, 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081022143006/http://ch9.co.nz/node/7704| archivedate= 22 October 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/on-campus/university-otago/12872/campus-arrests-follow-marijuana-complaints|title=Campus arrests follow marijuana complaints (+ video)|last=Porteous|first=Debbie |date=July 11, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|accessdate=April 22, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/24064/moore039s-appeal-rejected|title=Moore's appeal rejected|last=Rudd|first=Allison |date=September 26, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|accessdate=April 22, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/on-campus/university-otago/14321/lack-quorum-foils-cannabis-vote|title=Lack of quorum foils cannabis vote|last=Rudd|first=Allison |date=July 22, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|accessdate=April 22, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/23171/ousa-general-meeting-promises-controversy|title=OUSA general meeting promises controversy|last=Rudd|first=Allison |date=September 20, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|accessdate=April 22, 2009}}</ref>
[[File:Vancouver Canada 2012 April 20 crowd.jpg|thumb|Vancouver, April 20, 2012]]
[[April 20]] has become an international [[counterculture]] [[holiday]] based on the celebration and consumption of cannabis.<ref name=UCSC /><ref name="hightimes.com">{{cite web |url=http://hightimes.com/read/power-420 |title=The power of 420 |last1=Halnon |first1=Karen Bettez |date=April 11, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513011500/http://hightimes.com/read/power-420 |archive-date=May 13, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cannabis.shoutwiki.com/wiki/420_event_lists|title=420 event lists}}</ref> Events typically advocate for cannabis [[Drug liberalization|liberalization]] and [[Legality of cannabis|legalization]]. [[Vivian McPeak]], a founder of Seattle's [[Seattle Hempfest|Hempfest]], states that 4/20 is "half celebration and half call to action".<ref name="nyp1">{{cite news|title=How marijuana's high holiday came to be|url=https://nypost.com/2017/04/20/how-marijuanas-high-holiday-came-to-be/|newspaper=New York Post|access-date=April 22, 2017|date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> Paul Birch calls it a global movement and suggests that one cannot stop events like these.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gayle|first1=Damien|title=Thousands of cannabis users roll up in Hyde Park for annual 4/20 event|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/apr/19/thousands-cannabis-users-hyde-park-annual-420-event-end-prohibition|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=April 22, 2017|date=April 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227133922/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/apr/19/thousands-cannabis-users-hyde-park-annual-420-event-end-prohibition|archive-date=February 27, 2017}}</ref>


Many marijuana users protest in [[civil disobedience]] by [[Smoke-in|gathering in public to smoke]] at 4:20 p.m.<ref>{{cite news|title=Marijuana's big day is here: '420' celebrations ready to roll|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2017/04/19/marijuanas-big-day-here-420-celebrations-ready-roll/100663642/|newspaper=USA Today|access-date=April 22, 2017|language=en}}</ref>
==Impact ==
In Colorado, the [[Colorado Department of Transportation]] replaced the frequently stolen Mile Marker 420 sign on I-70 east of Denver with one reading 419.99 in an attempt to stop the thievery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.9news.com/news/story.aspx?storyid=372755|title=State alters 420 MM sign to thwart thieves |work=[[KUSA-TV]] |accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref>


As marijuana continues to be decriminalized and legalized around the world, cannabis activist [[Steve DeAngelo]] notes that "even if our activist work were complete, 420 morphs from a statement of conscience to a celebration of acceptance, a celebration of victory, a celebration of our amazing connection with this plant" which "will always be worthy of celebration".<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Does 4/20 Still Matter?|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/does-420-still-matter-w477104|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=April 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Annual 420 pot rally will be more celebration than protest: Organizers|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2016/04/17/annual-420-pot-rally-will-be-more-celebration-than-protest-organizers|newspaper=Toronto Sun|access-date=April 22, 2017}}</ref>{{clear left}}
== See also ==

{{portal|Cannabis}}
===In North America===
* [[Cannabis legalization in Canada]]
North American observances have been held at many locations, including:
* [[Cannabis in the United Kingdom]]
*[[New York City]]: [[Washington Square Park]] in [[Manhattan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2010/4/21/10515924/washington-square-gets-its-grit-back-on-420-day|title=Washington Square Gets Its Grit Back on 420 Day|last=Davies|first=Pete|date=April 21, 2010|work=[[Curbed]] NY|access-date=January 7, 2018}}</ref>
* [[Cannabis in the United States]]
*[[Boston]]: [[Boston Common]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Reed|first=Matt|title=Boston celebrates 4/20|date=2018-04-20|url=https://www.wcvb.com/article/boston-celebrates-4-20/19876737|language=en|access-date=2021-04-20}}</ref>
*[[San Francisco]]: "[[Hippie Hill]]" in [[Golden Gate Park]] near the [[Haight-Ashbury]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sfcitizen.com/blog/2010/04/20/a-huge-turn-out-for-420-day-on-hippie-hill-in-san-franciscos-golden-gate-park/|title=A Huge Turn Out for 420 Day on Hippie Hill in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park " San Francisco Citizen |publisher=Sfcitizen.com|date=April 20, 2010|access-date=April 20, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110430000040/http://sfcitizen.com/blog/2010/04/20/a-huge-turn-out-for-420-day-on-hippie-hill-in-san-franciscos-golden-gate-park/| archive-date= April 30, 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref>
*[[Santa Cruz, California|Santa Cruz]]: [[Porter College]] meadows at the [[University of California, Santa Cruz]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/students-mark-420-at-uc-santa-cruz|title=Students mark 420 at UC Santa Cruz|date=2019-04-21|website=Santa Cruz Sentinel|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc7news.com/5261194/|title=Pot enthusiasts in Santa Cruz prepare for 4/20 toker tradition|last=Amanda del Castillo|date=2019-04-20|website=ABC7 San Francisco|language=en|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref>
*[[Washington, D.C.]]: [[National Mall]], [[United States Capitol]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Perry|last=Stein|title=D.C. residents and activists light up on the National Mall for 4/20|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=April 20, 2015|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2015/04/20/d-c-residents-and-activists-light-up-on-the-national-mall-for-420/|access-date=April 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Estepa|title=D.C. activists to hand out joints near U.S. Capitol on 4/20|work=[[USA Today]]|date=April 19, 2017|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/04/19/dc-activists-hand-out-joints-near-capitol/100659498/|access-date=April 20, 2022}}</ref>
*[[Vancouver]]: The [[Vancouver Art Gallery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straight.com/news/680806/marijuana-protest-planned-vancouver-art-gallery-despite-420-moving-sunset-beach|title=Marijuana protest planned for the Vancouver Art Gallery despite 4/20 moving to Sunset Beach|date=April 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://wiki4weed.com/archive/thousands-marijuana-smokers-gather-vancouver-celebrate-420/|title=Thousands of marijuana smokers gather in Vancouver to celebrate "420"|last=Hall|first=Neal|date=May 2, 2009|work=[[The Vancouver Sun]]|access-date=September 30, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910092757/http://wiki4weed.com/archive/thousands-marijuana-smokers-gather-vancouver-celebrate-420/|archive-date=September 10, 2014}}</ref> and [[Sunset Beach (Vancouver)|Sunset Beach]] between 2016 and 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/4-20-pot-rally-vancouver-1.3545092|title=4/20 pot rally draws tens of thousands in Vancouver|last=Johnson|first=Lisa|date=April 20, 2016|work=CBC News|access-date=April 20, 2016}}</ref>
*[[Montréal]]: Le [[Mont Royal]] [[George-Étienne Cartier Monument]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samesun.com/blog/420-day-cannabis-festival/|title=420 Day – Cannabis Festival|publisher=samesun.com Samesun Nation Travel Blog|access-date=April 20, 2011|archive-date=October 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022101515/http://www.samesun.com/blog/420-day-cannabis-festival/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/April2011/19/c5308.html|title=Canada's marijuana activists unite against American-style drug laws – 420 vote mobs to be held in over 10 cities across Canada on April 20th|publisher=newswire.ca CNW Group|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907092316/http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/April2011/19/c5308.html|archive-date=September 7, 2012|access-date=April 20, 2011}}</ref>
*[[Denver]]: [[Civic Center, Denver|Civic Center Park]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theknow.denverpost.com/2018/03/08/mile-high-420-festival-lineup-2018/178800/|title=Denver's new Mile High 420 Festival announces all-star lineup " Denver Post|date=March 8, 2018|publisher=denverpost.com|access-date=March 14, 2018|archive-date=November 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120221231/https://theknow.denverpost.com/2018/03/08/mile-high-420-festival-lineup-2018/178800/}}</ref>
*[[Ottawa]]: [[Parliament Hill]] and [[Major's Hill Park]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2009/04/19/9165666-sun.html |title=Pot activists to light up on Hill |publisher=Cnews.canoe.ca |access-date=April 20, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712204535/http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2009/04/19/9165666-sun.html |archive-date=July 12, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/290409 |title=Ottawa's Parliament Hill just one site for planned 4/20 protest |publisher=Digitaljournal.com |access-date=April 20, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110511102321/http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/290409| archive-date= May 11, 2011 | url-status= live|date=April 11, 2010 }}</ref>
* [[Edmonton]]: The [[Alberta Legislature Building]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edmontonsun.com/2013/04/20/hundreds-of-tokers-flood-alberta-legislature-in-protest-to-push-for-legalization-of-marijuana|title=Hundreds of Tokers Flood Alberta Legislature in Protest to Push for Legalization of Marijuana|access-date=April 22, 2013|date=April 21, 2013}}</ref>
*[[Boulder, Colorado|Boulder]]: campus of the [[University of Colorado Boulder]]<ref name="NYT2009" /><ref name="autogenerated1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080728060041/http://www.dailycamera.com/news/2008/apr/20/cus-420-pot-smoke-out-draws-10000/ CU's 4/20 pot smoke-out draws crowd of 10,000 : CU News].</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailycamera.com/archivesearch/ci_14855977?IADID=Search-www.dailycamera.com-www.dailycamera.com#axzz0lJwVBnxu|title=Medical marijuana expected to give momentum to CU-Boulder 4/20 event – Boulder Daily Camera|publisher=Dailycamera.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430022905/http://www.dailycamera.com/archivesearch/ci_14855977?IADID=Search-www.dailycamera.com-www.dailycamera.com|archive-date=April 30, 2011|url-status=live|access-date=April 20, 2011|date=April 9, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-420-explained-20170420-story.html|title=How 4/20 ... grew ... into a 'holiday'|last1=Johnson|first1=Gene|website=chicagotribune.com|date=April 20, 2017 |access-date=April 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denverpost.com/2017/04/19/denver-420-trump-era/|title=Denver 420 event will be a mix of marijuana politics and celebration|access-date=April 22, 2017|date=April 19, 2017}}</ref>
*[[Toronto]]: [[Nathan Phillips Square]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4156770/4-20-celebration-nathan-phillips-square/|title=4/20 celebrations take place at Nathan Phillips Square without permit|access-date=April 20, 2020|date=April 20, 2018}}</ref> and [[Yonge-Dundas Square]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3391063/thousands-expected-to-attend-toronto-420-marijuana-rally-at-yonge-dundas-square/|title=Thousands expected to attend Toronto 4/20 marijuana rally at Yonge-Dundas Square|access-date=April 20, 2020|date=April 20, 2017}}</ref>
*[[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]: campus of the [[University of California, Berkeley]] on the Memorial Glade north of the [[Doe Memorial Library]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.berkeleyside.com/2016/04/21/photos-100s-turn-up-chill-out-for-420-day-on-cal-campus|title=Photos: 100s turn up, chill out for 420 day on Cal campus|access-date=October 22, 2020|date=April 21, 2016}}</ref>
*[[Mexico City]]: [[Mexican Senate]] under the slogan Planton 420.<ref>{{cite web|title=#Plantón420 Has Been Camping Outside the Mexican Senate For a Month|date=March 6, 2020|url=https://hightimes.com/news/planton420-camping-outside-mexican-senate-month/}}</ref>
*[[Ann Arbor]]: [[Hash Bash]]
*[[St. Louis, Missouri]]: Loop 420 Fest at [[Delmar Loop]] ([[University City, Missouri|University City]])<ref>{{cite news|title=Photos: St. Louis celebrates first '4/20 Day' since recreational marijuana became legal in Missouri |author=David Carson |author2=Christine Tannous|newspaper= St. Louis Post-Dispatch|date=April 20, 2023|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/photos-st-louis-celebrates-first-4-20-since-recreational-marijuana-became-legal/collection_8deae7d0-dfd2-11ed-8612-2fd8750aaa9e.html}}</ref>

=== In Australia ===
Australian observances have been held at many locations, over many years, including:

*"Who Are We Hurting?" – [[Sydney central business district|Sydney City]]: [[Martin Place]], [[New South Wales|NSW]] (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://10daily.com.au/news/a190419yas/a-giant-cannabis-plant-was-put-up-at-martin-place-overnight-heres-why-20190419|title=A Giant Cannabis Plant Was Put Up At Martin Place Overnight, Here's Why|date=2019-04-19|website=10 daily|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Collective |first=Craze |date=2019-04-20 |title=A Giant Cannabis Plant Was Put Up At Martin Place Overnight, Here's Why |url=https://crazeco.com.au/blog-a-giant-cannabis-plant-was-put-up-at-martin-place-overnight-heres-why/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Craze Collective |language=en-AU}}</ref>
*420 Picnic 2019 – [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|VIC]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/environment/thousands-gather-for-weed-day-in-melbourne-20170420-4t5jb.html|title=Thousands gather for 'Weed Day' in Melbourne|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=April 21, 2017 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref>
*"Who Are We Hurting?" – [[Sydney]][[Kings Cross, New South Wales|, NSW]] (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dopamine.net.au/cannabis-plants-sydney-cbd-420-2018/|title=Artists hide 'cannabis plants' around Sydney CBD for 420 protest|last=Dopamine|date=2018-04-19|website=Dopamine|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mashable.com/2018/04/19/marijuana-plants-hidden-420/|title=Marijuana plants hidden in plain sight for 4/20 stunt|last=Connellan|first=Shannon|website=Mashable|date=April 20, 2018|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://junkee.com/420-weed-cannabis-sydney/155337|title=Happy 4/20: Activists Have Hidden Weed Plants All Around Sydney|date=2018-04-20|website=Junkee|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beat.com.au/these-two-weapons-covered-sydney-in-cannabis-plants-to-celebrate-4-20/|title=These two weapons covered Sydney in 'cannabis plants' to celebrate 4/20|date=2018-04-20|website=Beat Magazine|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref>
*"Who Are We Hurting?" – [[Sydney central business district|Sydney City]]: [[Kings Cross, New South Wales|Kings Cross]], [[New South Wales|NSW]] (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedestrian.tv/news/some-blaze-lord-put-a-hydroponic-weed-pop-up-in-sydneys-kings-x-for-420/|title=Some Blaze Lord Put A Hydroponic Weed Pop-Up In Sydney's Kings X For 4/20|date=2017-04-20|website=Pedestrian TV|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadsheet.com.au/sydney/city-file/article/cannabis-shop-appears-kings-cross|title=A Public Cannabis Nursery Appears in Kings Cross|website=Broadsheet|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref>
*Happy Birthday Weed Craze Collective- 2016 – [[City of Sydney|Sydney, NSW]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Hyjak – Mother Natures Gift MUSIC VIDEO – #Superbong does 420 #Whoarewehurting? | date=April 21, 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RaWOjHN_sY |language=en |access-date=2022-09-09}}</ref>
* 420 Protest at [[Sydney Town Hall]] by Jesse Willesee – 2015 <ref>{{cite AV media |title=420 Protest At Sydney Town Hall |publisher=PEDESTRIAN.TV |via=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-rK7xcofLQ |language=en |access-date=2022-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Briana Domjen |author2=Annette Sharp |date=April 22, 2014 |newspaper=Daily Telegraph |title=Jesse Willesee joins the 420 pro-marijuana movement with a smoking session outside Parliament House |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/sydney-confidential/jesse-willesee-joins-the-420-promarijuana-movement-with-a-smoking-session-outside-parliament-house/news-story/774d2386b1480bac26ee9822de1ab6f6}}</ref>

===Elsewhere===
Events have also been held in [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] in [[London]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/apr/21/thousands-roll-up-420-cannabis-picnic-londons-hyde-park|title=Police make 20 arrests at cannabis picnic in London's Hyde Park|last=Gayle|first=Damien|date=April 21, 2016|website=the Guardian|access-date=May 5, 2016}}</ref> and [[Dunedin]], New Zealand, at the [[University of Otago]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/on-campus/university-otago/9276/police-swoop-cannabis-protest|title=Police swoop on cannabis protest|last=Porteous|first=Debbie |date=June 12, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|access-date=March 31, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=420 Protest|url=http://www.ch9.co.nz/node/7704|date=February 22, 2008|work=Channel 9 News Dunedin|access-date=October 7, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081022143006/http://ch9.co.nz/node/7704| archive-date= October 22, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/on-campus/university-otago/12872/campus-arrests-follow-marijuana-complaints|title=Campus arrests follow marijuana complaints (+ video)|last=Porteous|first=Debbie |date=July 11, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/24064/moore039s-appeal-rejected|title=Moore's appeal rejected|last=Rudd|first=Allison |date=September 26, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/on-campus/university-otago/14321/lack-quorum-foils-cannabis-vote|title=Lack of quorum foils cannabis vote|last=Rudd|first=Allison |date=July 22, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/23171/ousa-general-meeting-promises-controversy|title=OUSA general meeting promises controversy|last=Rudd|first=Allison |date=September 20, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref>

In [[Ljubljana]], [[Slovenia]], the University of Ljubljana's student organization has carried out several annual cannabis-themed protests that have contributed to the debate on cannabis status in Slovenia and the subsequent legislation proposals in 2018 by gathering responses from various political parties in Slovenia and ranking them accordingly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marihuanamars.si/2019/03/14/politicni-semafor/|title=Politični Semafor|date=March 20, 2018|website=marihuanamars|access-date=February 3, 2018|archive-date=September 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926041047/http://marihuanamars.si/2019/03/14/politicni-semafor/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtvslo.si/slovenija/bo-konoplja-kmalu-legalizirana/445222|title=Bo konoplja kmalu legalizirana?|last=Ma|first=Al|date=February 2, 2018|website=RTVSLO|access-date=February 3, 2018}}</ref>

In [[Northern Cyprus]], known for strict drug laws and intolerance to cannabis consumption,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.detaykibris.com/iste-kktcnin-uyusturucu-raporu-84360h.htm|title=İşte KKTC'nin uyuşturucu raporu|date=June 29, 2015|website=detaykibris|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref> the first 420 event was held in the capital city [[North Nicosia|Lefkoşa]] in 2015. On April 20, 2017, a small group of protesters carried out an event near the parliament building and made a public statement, demanding the legalization of cannabis sale, consumption, and production with state regulations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yeniduzen.com/hint-keneviri-serbesiyeti-talep-edildi-88920h.htm|title=Meclis önünde 'Elini Otumdan Çek' eylemi|date=April 20, 2017|website=yeniduzen|access-date=April 13, 2019}}</ref>

==Other effects==
{{Cannabis sidebar}}
===Traffic safety===

Despite two studies reporting a supposed increase in the risk of [[Traffic collision|fatal motor vehicle crashes]] on April 20,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Staples|first1=John A.|last2=Redelmeier|first2=Donald A.|title=The April 20 Cannabis Celebration and Fatal Traffic Crashes in the United States|journal=[[JAMA Internal Medicine]]|date=2018|volume=178|issue=4|pages=569–572|doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.8298|pmid=29435568|pmc=5876802| issn=2168-6106 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vandoros |first1=Sotiris |last2=Kawachi |first2=Ichiro |title=The relative risk of motor vehicle collision on cannabis celebration day in Great Britain |journal=Accident Analysis & Prevention |date=July 2019 |volume=128 |pages=248–252 |doi=10.1016/j.aap.2019.02.013 |pmid=30902341 |s2cid=85457198 |url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/107744781/420_accepted_version.pdf }}</ref> further investigation and analysis found the evidence did not support such claims.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Harper|first1=Sam|last2=Palayew|first2=Adam|date=2019-01-29|title=The annual cannabis holiday and fatal traffic crashes|journal=Injury Prevention|volume=25|issue=5|pages=433–437|language=en|doi=10.1136/injuryprev-2018-043068|pmid=30696698|s2cid=59413349|issn=1353-8047|url=http://osf.io/tzcsy/}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aydelotte |first1=Jayson D. |last2=Mardock |first2=Alexandra L. |last3=Teixeira |first3=Pedro G. |last4=Brown |first4=Lawrence H. |title=Re-examining the Association Between '4/20' and Fatal Crashes—Doobie-ous Data? |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=1 November 2018 |volume=178 |issue=11 |pages=1565 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5856 |pmid=30398555 |s2cid=53223889 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Staples |first1=John A. |last2=Redelmeier |first2=Donald A. |title=Association Between April 20 Cannabis Celebration and Fatal Crashes |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=1 March 2019 |volume=179 |issue=3 |pages=456 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.8094 |pmid=30715145 |s2cid=73432259 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Staples |first1=John A |last2=Redelmeier |first2=Donald A |title=Crashes on cannabis celebration day |journal=Injury Prevention |date=October 2019 |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=476–477 |doi=10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043262 |pmid=31302609 |s2cid=196618121 }}</ref>

===Stolen signs===
{{Further|Street sign theft}}
In the US, signs bearing the number 420 have been frequently stolen. In Colorado, the [[Colorado Department of Transportation]] replaced the Mile Marker 420 sign on [[I-70]] east of Denver with one reading 419.99 in an attempt to stop the thievery.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/01/11/colorado-changes-sign-thieves/4435753/|title=State alters 420 MM sign to thwart thieves |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=April 18, 2018}}</ref> The Colorado DOT usually will not replace signs that are repeatedly taken, but began the practice of replacing further down the road after "[[69 (sex position)|69]]" mile marker signs were frequently stolen—these were replaced with "68.5 mile" ones.<ref name=MF/> The [[Idaho Department of Transportation]] (ITD) replaced the mile marker 420 sign on [[U.S. Route 95 in Idaho|U.S. Highway 95]], just south of [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]], with mile marker 419.9.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ktvb.com/story/news/local/idaho/2015/08/18/idaho-replaces-mile-marker-420-with-4199-to-thwart-stoners/31928433/|title=Idaho replaces mile marker 420 with 419.9 to thwart stoners|work=[[KTVB]]|access-date=August 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820184544/http://www.ktvb.com/story/news/local/idaho/2015/08/18/idaho-replaces-mile-marker-420-with-4199-to-thwart-stoners/31928433/|archive-date=August 20, 2015}}</ref> The [[Washington State Department of Transportation]] implemented similar measures,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/12/us/washington-highway-sign-420.html|title=Washington State Wants to Stop Theft of Mile 420 Signs. Its Solution? Mile 419.9.|last=Jacobs|first=Julia|date=January 12, 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 13, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> but only replaced one of the two 420 signs in the state, with the remaining one being subsequently stolen.<ref name=MF>{{cite web|url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/67576/stoners-keep-stealing-420-mile-markers-so-some-states-have-replaced-them-4199|title=Stoners Keep Stealing 420 Mile Markers, So Some States Have Replaced Them With 419.9|author=Keyser, Hannah|website=[[Mental Floss]]|date=August 20, 2015|access-date=April 20, 2019}}</ref> According to ''[[The Washington Post]]'', there are eleven 420 mile markers in the US, after three replacements and one stolen and not replaced.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/08/20/a-map-of-the-remaining-420-mile-markers-in-the-u-s|title=A map of the remaining 420-mile markers in the U.S.|author=Ingraham, Christopher|newspaper=Washington Post|date=August 20, 2015|access-date=April 20, 2019}}</ref> In [[Goodhue County, Minnesota]], officials have changed "420&nbsp;St" street signs to "42x&nbsp;St".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postbulletin.com/news/local/after-deadline-county-finds-fix-for-missing-signs/article_b88939fb-3c91-5523-b41e-a3b6c2dff8e4.html|title=County finds fix for missing 420 signs|work=[[Post-Bulletin]]|date=July 20, 2015 |access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430012124/http://www.postbulletin.com/news/local/after-deadline-county-finds-fix-for-missing-signs/article_b88939fb-3c91-5523-b41e-a3b6c2dff8e4.html|archive-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> The mile marker 420 sign on [[U.S. Route 89 in Utah|U.S. Route 89]], the only 420 marker in the state of [[Utah]], is frequently stolen.<ref>{{cite news|title=Officials say theft of '420' road signs no laughing matter|date=August 26, 2015|author=Kelly Keiter|publisher=[[KSTU]]|location=Salt Lake City|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2019/01/10/washington-taxpayers-pay-price-stolen-420-69-road-signs/2544449002/}}</ref>

===Legislation and other government recognition===
In 2003, [[California Senate Bill 420]] was introduced to regulate medical marijuana use. An unsuccessful 2010 bill to legalize [[cannabis in Guam]] was called Bill 420.<ref>{{cite web |author=Only one shows up for pot bill |url=http://mvguam.com/local/news/13221-only-one-shows-up-for-pot-bill.html |title=Only one shows up for pot bill |publisher=Mvguam.com |date=July 15, 2010 |access-date=July 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715182329/http://mvguam.com/local/news/13221-only-one-shows-up-for-pot-bill.html |archive-date=July 15, 2015 }}</ref> A North Dakota bill to legalize cannabis was HB 1420, introduced in January 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bill Actions for HB 1420|publisher=North Dakota legislative branch|website=nd.gov official portal for North Dakota government|url=https://www.legis.nd.gov/assembly/67-2021/bill-actions/ba1420.html|access-date=April 20, 2021<!-- GMT -->|archive-date=March 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326000755/https://www.legis.nd.gov/assembly/67-2021/bill-actions/ba1420.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act (which if enacted would [[Decriminalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States|decriminalize]] and deschedule cannabis in the United States) was announced by Senator and [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Leader]] [[Chuck Schumer]] (D-New York) on April 20, 2018.<ref name="Guild 2018">{{cite news | last=Guild | first=Blair | title=On 4/20, Sen. Schumer introduces bill to decriminalize marijuana | website=CBS News | date=April 20, 2018 | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/on-420-sen-schumer-introduces-bill-to-decriminalize-marijuana/ | access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Gstalter 2018">{{cite web | last=Gstalter | first=Morgan | title=Schumer unveils bill to decriminalize marijuana | website=The Hill | date=June 28, 2018 | url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/394562-schumer-unveils-bill-to-decriminalize-marijuana | access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref> On January 9, 2019, H.R. 420 was introduced into the [[116th United States Congress|116th Congress]] by Representative [[Earl Blumenauer]] (D-Oregon), named the Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol Act, which is designed to remove [[cannabis]] from the [[Controlled Substances Act]] and return regulation to the states.<ref>{{cite news|author=Tom Angell|title= New Congressional Marijuana Bill Is Actually Numbered H.R. 420|work=Marijuana Moment |via=Forbes|date= January 9, 2019|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomangell/2019/01/09/new-congressional-marijuana-bill-is-actually-numbered-h-r-420}}</ref>

The State of Colorado auctioned off several cannabis-themed personalized license plates in 2021, with the bidding to be closed on April 20 (4/20). The highest bid shortly before the auction closed was over $6,500 for "ISIT420".<ref>{{citation|title=Colorado to auction off cannabis-themed license plates|publisher=Associated Press|date=April 13, 2021|url=https://apnews.com/article/colorado-auction-marijuana-theme-license-plates-e2e2661f06b68efb877ef0820c807d54}}</ref>

Following the success of Washington, D.C.'s [[2014 Washington, D.C. Initiative 71|Initiative 71]] to legalize cannabis in 2014, Mayor [[Muriel Bowser]] granted [[Vehicle registration plates of Washington, D.C.|license plate]] number 420 to the campaign's leader, [[Adam Eidinger]].<ref>{{cite news|title=D.C. mayor offers pot activist Tag 420 for his efforts|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2015/03/13/d-c-mayor-offers-special-420-license-plate-to-pot-activist/|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref>

===Literature===
Several [[List of books about cannabis|books about cannabis]] have "420" in the title, including the [[cannabis cookbook]]s ''The 420 Cannabis Cookbook'', published by [[Simon & Schuster]],<ref>{{cite web|website=Stylecaster|publisher=[[SHE Media]]|title=The Best 4/20 Cookbooks for When You Have a Case of the Munchies|author=Maggie GRISWOLD |date=April 14, 2020 |url=https://stylecaster.com/best-4-20-cookbooks/}}</ref> and ''The 420 Gourmet'' published in 2016 by [[HarperCollins]].<ref>{{citation|website =spy.com|publisher=[[Penske Media]]|title=Celebrate the High Holy Day With These Celebrated Marijuana Cookbooks |author=Naima Karp |author2=Destynee Powell |date=November 8, 2018|url=https://spy.com/articles/hacks/kitchen/420-friendly-cookbooks-cannabis-snoop-dogg-140841/}}</ref><ref>{{citation|publisher=[[Publishers Weekly]]|title=Cookbooks Previews: June 2016|author=Jonathan Segura | date=May 17, 2016|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/cooking/article/70403-cookbooks-previews-june-2016.html}}</ref>

===Commerce===
Some American restaurants offer [[Cannabis in the restaurant industry#April 20 ("420") promotions|"420" themed promotions]] to coincide with April 20.

[[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] CEO [[Elon Musk]] tweeted in 2018 about taking his company private at $420 a share. Musk testified during the trial that any associations with cannabis were coincidental.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Paul |first1=Kari |last2=McCormick |first2=Erin |date=2023-02-03 |title=Jury sides with Elon Musk over 2018 tweets claiming he would take Tesla private |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/03/elon-musk-tesla-investors-lawsuit-twitter |access-date=2023-02-04 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Anon |date=28 January 2023 |title=The world this week |newspaper=The Economist |pages=10}}</ref> Musk purchased Twitter in 2022 at $54.20 per share, acknowledging the reference to marijuana culture and because his girlfriend thought it was funny.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hu |first1=Krystal |last2=Sen |first2=Anirban |date=2022-04-26 |title=From weed joke to agreed deal: Inside Musk's $44 bln Twitter buyout |language=en-GB |work=Reuters |url=
https://www.reuters.com/business/weed-joke-agreed-deal-inside-musks-44-bln-twitter-buyout-2022-04-26 |access-date=2024-04-15 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Cannabis|Holidays}}
* [[420 (Family Guy)|"420" (2009 ''Family Guy'' episode)]]
* [[Drug subculture]]
* [[Drug subculture]]
* [[Legality of cannabis by country]]
* [[Legality of cannabis by country]]
* [[List of multinational festivals and holidays]]
* [[Religious and spiritual use of cannabis]]


== References ==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
==External links==
{{wiktionary|420}}
{{Commons category|420 (cannabis culture)}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Hager |first1=Steven |title=The History of 420, in Three Acts |journal=Freedom Leaf |date=April 2015 |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=32–37+ |url=http://online.fliphtml5.com/wixy/kqlu/#p=32}}


{{drug use}}
{{Cannabis events}}
{{Cannabis}}
{{Cannabis}}
{{U.S. Holidays}}
{{U.S. Holidays}}
{{drug use}}


{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:420 (Cannabis Culture)}}
[[Category:1971 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 1971]]
[[Category:April observances]]
[[Category:April observances]]
[[Category:Cannabis culture]]
[[Category:Cannabis culture]]
[[Category:Cannabis in the United States]]
[[Category:Cannabis events]]
[[Category:Counterculture]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 1970s]]
[[Category:In-jokes]]
[[Category:In-jokes]]
[[Category:Secular holidays]]
[[Category:International observances]]
[[Category:Unofficial observances]]
[[Category:Unofficial observances]]

Latest revision as of 02:44, 17 November 2024

420
originally "4:20 Louis"
Statue of Louis Pasteur at San Rafael High School, by Benny Bufano (1940),[1][2] site of the earliest 4:20 gatherings in 1971
Observed byCannabis counterculture, legal reformers, entheogenic spiritualists, and general users of cannabis
TypeSecular
SignificanceTime/date to celebrate cannabis
ObservancesCannabis consumption, traditionally cannabis smoking, dispensary discounts
Date4:20 p.m./April 20
FrequencyDaily, annually

420, 4:20 or 4/20 (pronounced four-twenty) is cannabis culture slang for marijuana and hashish consumption, especially smoking around the time 4:20 p.m. (16:20). It also refers to cannabis-oriented celebrations that take place annually on April 20 (4/20 in U.S. date form).[3][4]

Origins

[edit]

Five high school students in San Rafael, California,[5][6] coined the term as part of their 1971 search for an abandoned cannabis crop, based on a treasure map made by the grower.[7][8] Calling themselves the Waldos,[9][10] because their typical hang-out spot "was a wall outside the school",[11] the five students—Steve Capper, Dave Reddix, Jeffrey Noel, Larry Schwartz, and Mark Gravich[12]—designated the Louis Pasteur statue[13] on the grounds of San Rafael High School as their meeting place, and 4:20 p.m. as their meeting time.[11] The Waldos referred to this plan with the phrase "4:20 Louis". After several failed attempts to find the crop, the group eventually shortened their phrase to "4:20", which ultimately evolved into a code-word the teens used to refer to consuming cannabis.[7]

Steven Hager of High Times popularized the story of the Waldos.[14] The first High Times mention of 4:20 smoking and a 4/20 holiday appeared in May 1991[15] and erroneously attributed the origin of the term to a police code; this and other spurious incorrect origin stories became common.[16] The connection to the Waldos appeared in December 1998. Hager attributed the early spread of the phrase to Grateful Dead followers[17]—after "Waldo" Reddix became a roadie for the Grateful Dead bassist, Phil Lesh[12]—and called for 4:20 p.m. to be the socially accepted time of the day to consume cannabis.[17]

Another San Rafael group claims to have originated the term before the Waldos.[18]

International observance of April 20

[edit]
Vancouver, April 20, 2012

April 20 has become an international counterculture holiday based on the celebration and consumption of cannabis.[3][19][20] Events typically advocate for cannabis liberalization and legalization. Vivian McPeak, a founder of Seattle's Hempfest, states that 4/20 is "half celebration and half call to action".[21] Paul Birch calls it a global movement and suggests that one cannot stop events like these.[22]

Many marijuana users protest in civil disobedience by gathering in public to smoke at 4:20 p.m.[23]

As marijuana continues to be decriminalized and legalized around the world, cannabis activist Steve DeAngelo notes that "even if our activist work were complete, 420 morphs from a statement of conscience to a celebration of acceptance, a celebration of victory, a celebration of our amazing connection with this plant" which "will always be worthy of celebration".[24][25]

In North America

[edit]

North American observances have been held at many locations, including:

In Australia

[edit]

Australian observances have been held at many locations, over many years, including:

Elsewhere

[edit]

Events have also been held in Hyde Park in London[63] and Dunedin, New Zealand, at the University of Otago.[64][65][66][67][68][69]

In Ljubljana, Slovenia, the University of Ljubljana's student organization has carried out several annual cannabis-themed protests that have contributed to the debate on cannabis status in Slovenia and the subsequent legislation proposals in 2018 by gathering responses from various political parties in Slovenia and ranking them accordingly.[70][71]

In Northern Cyprus, known for strict drug laws and intolerance to cannabis consumption,[72] the first 420 event was held in the capital city Lefkoşa in 2015. On April 20, 2017, a small group of protesters carried out an event near the parliament building and made a public statement, demanding the legalization of cannabis sale, consumption, and production with state regulations.[73]

Other effects

[edit]
Part of a series on
Cannabis
Cannabis
Chemistry
  • Semi-synthetic cannabinoids
Pharmacology
Consumption
Economics
Effects
Forms
Law
Variants
  • Genus
  • Species
Related

Traffic safety

[edit]

Despite two studies reporting a supposed increase in the risk of fatal motor vehicle crashes on April 20,[74][75] further investigation and analysis found the evidence did not support such claims.[76][77][78][79]

Stolen signs

[edit]
Further information: Street sign theft

In the US, signs bearing the number 420 have been frequently stolen. In Colorado, the Colorado Department of Transportation replaced the Mile Marker 420 sign on I-70 east of Denver with one reading 419.99 in an attempt to stop the thievery.[80] The Colorado DOT usually will not replace signs that are repeatedly taken, but began the practice of replacing further down the road after "69" mile marker signs were frequently stolen—these were replaced with "68.5 mile" ones.[81] The Idaho Department of Transportation (ITD) replaced the mile marker 420 sign on U.S. Highway 95, just south of Coeur d'Alene, with mile marker 419.9.[82] The Washington State Department of Transportation implemented similar measures,[83] but only replaced one of the two 420 signs in the state, with the remaining one being subsequently stolen.[81] According to The Washington Post, there are eleven 420 mile markers in the US, after three replacements and one stolen and not replaced.[84] In Goodhue County, Minnesota, officials have changed "420 St" street signs to "42x St".[85] The mile marker 420 sign on U.S. Route 89, the only 420 marker in the state of Utah, is frequently stolen.[86]

Legislation and other government recognition

[edit]

In 2003, California Senate Bill 420 was introduced to regulate medical marijuana use. An unsuccessful 2010 bill to legalize cannabis in Guam was called Bill 420.[87] A North Dakota bill to legalize cannabis was HB 1420, introduced in January 2021.[88]

The Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act (which if enacted would decriminalize and deschedule cannabis in the United States) was announced by Senator and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-New York) on April 20, 2018.[89][90] On January 9, 2019, H.R. 420 was introduced into the 116th Congress by Representative Earl Blumenauer (D-Oregon), named the Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol Act, which is designed to remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act and return regulation to the states.[91]

The State of Colorado auctioned off several cannabis-themed personalized license plates in 2021, with the bidding to be closed on April 20 (4/20). The highest bid shortly before the auction closed was over $6,500 for "ISIT420".[92]

Following the success of Washington, D.C.'s Initiative 71 to legalize cannabis in 2014, Mayor Muriel Bowser granted license plate number 420 to the campaign's leader, Adam Eidinger.[93]

Literature

[edit]

Several books about cannabis have "420" in the title, including the cannabis cookbooks The 420 Cannabis Cookbook, published by Simon & Schuster,[94] and The 420 Gourmet published in 2016 by HarperCollins.[95][96]

Commerce

[edit]

Some American restaurants offer "420" themed promotions to coincide with April 20.

Tesla CEO Elon Musk tweeted in 2018 about taking his company private at $420 a share. Musk testified during the trial that any associations with cannabis were coincidental.[97][98] Musk purchased Twitter in 2022 at $54.20 per share, acknowledging the reference to marijuana culture and because his girlfriend thought it was funny.[99]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Daily Independent Journal from San Rafael, California". November 20, 1954. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  2. ^ Chronicle, San Francisco (1962). The San Francisco Chronicle Reader. McGraw-Hill. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  3. ^ a b King, Matt (April 24, 2007). "Thousands at UCSC burn one to mark cannabis holiday". Santa Cruz Sentinel. Archived from the original on April 26, 2007.
  4. ^ McCoy, Terrence (April 18, 2014). "The strange story of how the pot holiday '4/20' got its name". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  5. ^ "Stoner Chic Traces Origin To San Rafael – Snickering high schoolers brought '420' into lexicon". San Francisco Chronicle. April 20, 2000. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  6. ^ a b McKinley, Jesse (April 19, 2009). "Marijuana Advocates Point to Signs of Change". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 18, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
  7. ^ a b Grim, Ryan (April 20, 2010). "420 Meaning: The True Story Of How April 20 Became 'Weed Day'". The Huffington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
  8. ^ Alyssa Pereira (April 20, 2016). "Local originators of term 420 solve 45-year-old mystery". San Francisco Chronicle.
  9. ^ High Times (2012). The Official High Times Cannabis Cookbook: More Than 50 Irresistible Recipes That Will Get You High. Chronicle Books. pp. 97–. ISBN 978-1-4521-0133-0. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  10. ^ Silverman, Rachel Emma; Dodes, Rachel (April 20, 2012). "High Expectations: Marketers Hope for Buzz on 4/20". The Wall Street Journal.
  11. ^ a b Grim, Ryan (April 20, 2009). "What 420 Means: The True Story Behind Stoners' Favorite Number". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on January 30, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
  12. ^ a b Olivia B. Waxman (April 19, 2017). "What the Guys Who Coined '420' Think About Their Place in Marijuana History". Time. Archived from the original on April 20, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  13. ^ Statue by Beniamino Bufano, "Louis Pasteur – 1940". New Deal Art Registry. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  14. ^ Edison, Mike (2009). I Have Fun Everywhere I Go: Savage Tales of Pot, Porn, Punk Rock, Pro Wrestling, Talking Apes, Evil Bosses, Dirty Blues, American Heroes, and the Most Notorious Magazines in the World. Faber & Faber. pp. 207–. ISBN 978-0-86547-903-6. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  15. ^ "Wake 'n' Bake!"
  16. ^ "The Origins of 420". September 14, 2002.
  17. ^ a b "Stoner Smart, or Stoner Stupid?". High Times. August 2002. Archived from the original on May 14, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
  18. ^ Lester Black (April 17, 2023). "The Bay Area origins of '420' are full of controversy". SFGATE. Hearst Communications.
  19. ^ Halnon, Karen Bettez (April 11, 2005). "The power of 420". Archived from the original on May 13, 2013.
  20. ^ "420 event lists".
  21. ^ "How marijuana's high holiday came to be". New York Post. April 20, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  22. ^ Gayle, Damien (April 19, 2015). "Thousands of cannabis users roll up in Hyde Park for annual 4/20 event". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  23. ^ "Marijuana's big day is here: '420' celebrations ready to roll". USA Today. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  24. ^ "Does 4/20 Still Matter?". Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  25. ^ "Annual 420 pot rally will be more celebration than protest: Organizers". Toronto Sun. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  26. ^ Davies, Pete (April 21, 2010). "Washington Square Gets Its Grit Back on 420 Day". Curbed NY. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
  27. ^ Reed, Matt (April 20, 2018), Boston celebrates 4/20, retrieved April 20, 2021
  28. ^ "A Huge Turn Out for 420 Day on Hippie Hill in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park " San Francisco Citizen". Sfcitizen.com. April 20, 2010. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  29. ^ "Students mark 420 at UC Santa Cruz". Santa Cruz Sentinel. April 21, 2019. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  30. ^ Amanda del Castillo (April 20, 2019). "Pot enthusiasts in Santa Cruz prepare for 4/20 toker tradition". ABC7 San Francisco. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  31. ^ Stein, Perry (April 20, 2015). "D.C. residents and activists light up on the National Mall for 4/20". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  32. ^ Estepa, Jessica (April 19, 2017). "D.C. activists to hand out joints near U.S. Capitol on 4/20". USA Today. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  33. ^ "Marijuana protest planned for the Vancouver Art Gallery despite 4/20 moving to Sunset Beach". April 19, 2016.
  34. ^ Hall, Neal (May 2, 2009). "Thousands of marijuana smokers gather in Vancouver to celebrate "420"". The Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on September 10, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
  35. ^ Johnson, Lisa (April 20, 2016). "4/20 pot rally draws tens of thousands in Vancouver". CBC News. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  36. ^ "420 Day – Cannabis Festival". samesun.com Samesun Nation Travel Blog. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  37. ^ "Canada's marijuana activists unite against American-style drug laws – 420 vote mobs to be held in over 10 cities across Canada on April 20th". newswire.ca CNW Group. Archived from the original on September 7, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  38. ^ "Denver's new Mile High 420 Festival announces all-star lineup " Denver Post". denverpost.com. March 8, 2018. Archived from the original on November 20, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  39. ^ "Pot activists to light up on Hill". Cnews.canoe.ca. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  40. ^ "Ottawa's Parliament Hill just one site for planned 4/20 protest". Digitaljournal.com. April 11, 2010. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  41. ^ "Hundreds of Tokers Flood Alberta Legislature in Protest to Push for Legalization of Marijuana". April 21, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  42. ^ CU's 4/20 pot smoke-out draws crowd of 10,000 : CU News.
  43. ^ "Medical marijuana expected to give momentum to CU-Boulder 4/20 event – Boulder Daily Camera". Dailycamera.com. April 9, 2010. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  44. ^ Johnson, Gene (April 20, 2017). "How 4/20 ... grew ... into a 'holiday'". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  45. ^ "Denver 420 event will be a mix of marijuana politics and celebration". April 19, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  46. ^ "4/20 celebrations take place at Nathan Phillips Square without permit". April 20, 2018. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  47. ^ "Thousands expected to attend Toronto 4/20 marijuana rally at Yonge-Dundas Square". April 20, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  48. ^ "Photos: 100s turn up, chill out for 420 day on Cal campus". April 21, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  49. ^ "#Plantón420 Has Been Camping Outside the Mexican Senate For a Month". March 6, 2020.
  50. ^ David Carson; Christine Tannous (April 20, 2023). "Photos: St. Louis celebrates first '4/20 Day' since recreational marijuana became legal in Missouri". St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
  51. ^ "A Giant Cannabis Plant Was Put Up At Martin Place Overnight, Here's Why". 10 daily. April 19, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  52. ^ Collective, Craze (April 20, 2019). "A Giant Cannabis Plant Was Put Up At Martin Place Overnight, Here's Why". Craze Collective. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
  53. ^ "Thousands gather for 'Weed Day' in Melbourne". The Sydney Morning Herald. April 21, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  54. ^ Dopamine (April 19, 2018). "Artists hide 'cannabis plants' around Sydney CBD for 420 protest". Dopamine. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  55. ^ Connellan, Shannon (April 20, 2018). "Marijuana plants hidden in plain sight for 4/20 stunt". Mashable. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  56. ^ "Happy 4/20: Activists Have Hidden Weed Plants All Around Sydney". Junkee. April 20, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  57. ^ "These two weapons covered Sydney in 'cannabis plants' to celebrate 4/20". Beat Magazine. April 20, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  58. ^ "Some Blaze Lord Put A Hydroponic Weed Pop-Up In Sydney's Kings X For 4/20". Pedestrian TV. April 20, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  59. ^ "A Public Cannabis Nursery Appears in Kings Cross". Broadsheet. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  60. ^ Hyjak – Mother Natures Gift MUSIC VIDEO – #Superbong does 420 #Whoarewehurting?, April 21, 2016, retrieved September 9, 2022
  61. ^ 420 Protest At Sydney Town Hall. PEDESTRIAN.TV. Retrieved September 9, 2022 – via YouTube.
  62. ^ Briana Domjen; Annette Sharp (April 22, 2014). "Jesse Willesee joins the 420 pro-marijuana movement with a smoking session outside Parliament House". Daily Telegraph.
  63. ^ Gayle, Damien (April 21, 2016). "Police make 20 arrests at cannabis picnic in London's Hyde Park". the Guardian. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
  64. ^ Porteous, Debbie (June 12, 2008). "Police swoop on cannabis protest". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved March 31, 2009.
  65. ^ "420 Protest". Channel 9 News Dunedin. February 22, 2008. Archived from the original on October 22, 2008. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
  66. ^ Porteous, Debbie (July 11, 2008). "Campus arrests follow marijuana complaints (+ video)". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
  67. ^ Rudd, Allison (September 26, 2008). "Moore's appeal rejected". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
  68. ^ Rudd, Allison (July 22, 2008). "Lack of quorum foils cannabis vote". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
  69. ^ Rudd, Allison (September 20, 2008). "OUSA general meeting promises controversy". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
  70. ^ "Politični Semafor". marihuanamars. March 20, 2018. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  71. ^ Ma, Al (February 2, 2018). "Bo konoplja kmalu legalizirana?". RTVSLO. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  72. ^ "İşte KKTC'nin uyuşturucu raporu". detaykibris. June 29, 2015. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  73. ^ "Meclis önünde 'Elini Otumdan Çek' eylemi". yeniduzen. April 20, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
  74. ^ Staples, John A.; Redelmeier, Donald A. (2018). "The April 20 Cannabis Celebration and Fatal Traffic Crashes in the United States". JAMA Internal Medicine. 178 (4): 569–572. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.8298. ISSN 2168-6106. PMC 5876802. PMID 29435568.
  75. ^ Vandoros, Sotiris; Kawachi, Ichiro (July 2019). "The relative risk of motor vehicle collision on cannabis celebration day in Great Britain" (PDF). Accident Analysis & Prevention. 128: 248–252. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2019.02.013. PMID 30902341. S2CID 85457198.
  76. ^ Harper, Sam; Palayew, Adam (January 29, 2019). "The annual cannabis holiday and fatal traffic crashes". Injury Prevention. 25 (5): 433–437. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2018-043068. ISSN 1353-8047. PMID 30696698. S2CID 59413349.
  77. ^ Aydelotte, Jayson D.; Mardock, Alexandra L.; Teixeira, Pedro G.; Brown, Lawrence H. (November 1, 2018). "Re-examining the Association Between '4/20' and Fatal Crashes—Doobie-ous Data?". JAMA Internal Medicine. 178 (11): 1565. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5856. PMID 30398555. S2CID 53223889.
  78. ^ Staples, John A.; Redelmeier, Donald A. (March 1, 2019). "Association Between April 20 Cannabis Celebration and Fatal Crashes". JAMA Internal Medicine. 179 (3): 456. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.8094. PMID 30715145. S2CID 73432259.
  79. ^ Staples, John A; Redelmeier, Donald A (October 2019). "Crashes on cannabis celebration day". Injury Prevention. 25 (5): 476–477. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043262. PMID 31302609. S2CID 196618121.
  80. ^ "State alters 420 MM sign to thwart thieves". USA Today. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  81. ^ a b Keyser, Hannah (August 20, 2015). "Stoners Keep Stealing 420 Mile Markers, So Some States Have Replaced Them With 419.9". Mental Floss. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  82. ^ "Idaho replaces mile marker 420 with 419.9 to thwart stoners". KTVB. Archived from the original on August 20, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  83. ^ Jacobs, Julia (January 12, 2019). "Washington State Wants to Stop Theft of Mile 420 Signs. Its Solution? Mile 419.9". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
  84. ^ Ingraham, Christopher (August 20, 2015). "A map of the remaining 420-mile markers in the U.S." Washington Post. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  85. ^ "County finds fix for missing 420 signs". Post-Bulletin. July 20, 2015. Archived from the original on April 30, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
  86. ^ Kelly Keiter (August 26, 2015). "Officials say theft of '420' road signs no laughing matter". Salt Lake City: KSTU.
  87. ^ Only one shows up for pot bill (July 15, 2010). "Only one shows up for pot bill". Mvguam.com. Archived from the original on July 15, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
  88. ^ "Bill Actions for HB 1420". nd.gov official portal for North Dakota government. North Dakota legislative branch. Archived from the original on March 26, 2021. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  89. ^ Guild, Blair (April 20, 2018). "On 4/20, Sen. Schumer introduces bill to decriminalize marijuana". CBS News. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  90. ^ Gstalter, Morgan (June 28, 2018). "Schumer unveils bill to decriminalize marijuana". The Hill. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  91. ^ Tom Angell (January 9, 2019). "New Congressional Marijuana Bill Is Actually Numbered H.R. 420". Marijuana Moment – via Forbes.
  92. ^ Colorado to auction off cannabis-themed license plates, Associated Press, April 13, 2021
  93. ^ "D.C. mayor offers pot activist Tag 420 for his efforts". Washington Post.
  94. ^ Maggie GRISWOLD (April 14, 2020). "The Best 4/20 Cookbooks for When You Have a Case of the Munchies". Stylecaster. SHE Media.
  95. ^ Naima Karp; Destynee Powell (November 8, 2018), "Celebrate the High Holy Day With These Celebrated Marijuana Cookbooks", spy.com, Penske Media
  96. ^ Jonathan Segura (May 17, 2016), Cookbooks Previews: June 2016, Publishers Weekly
  97. ^ Paul, Kari; McCormick, Erin (February 3, 2023). "Jury sides with Elon Musk over 2018 tweets claiming he would take Tesla private". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  98. ^ Anon (January 28, 2023). "The world this week". The Economist. p. 10.
  99. ^ Hu, Krystal; Sen, Anirban (April 26, 2022). "From weed joke to agreed deal: Inside Musk's $44 bln Twitter buyout". Reuters. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
[edit]
Look up 420 in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=420_(cannabis_culture)&oldid=1257883325"