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| region =
| region =
| ethnicity = [[Ili Turk people|Ili Turks]]
| ethnicity = [[Ili Turk people|Ili Turks]]
| speakers = 30 families in China (2007); moribund in Kazakhstan
| speakers = 30 families (2007, China)
| date =
| date =
| ref = e25
| ref = e25
| speakers2 =
| speakers2 = moribund in Kazakhstan
| familycolor = Altaic
| familycolor = Altaic
| fam1 = [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]
| fam1 = [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]
Line 21: Line 21:
}}
}}


'''Ili Turki''' is an endangered<ref>{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages |date=2007 |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Moseley |editor-first=Christopher |location=London}}</ref> [[Turkic languages|Turkic language]] spoken primarily in [[China]]. In 2007, it was reported that there were around 30 families using it in China.
'''Ili Turki''' is an endangered<ref>{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages |date=2007 |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Moseley |editor-first=Christopher |location=London}}</ref> [[Turkic languages|Turkic language]] spoken primarily in [[China]], of the [[Karluk languages|Karluk]] branch of Turkic. In 2007, it was reported that there were around 30 families using it in China. Speakers are shifting to Kazakh or Uyghur.


==Geographic distribution==
==Geographic distribution==
Line 30: Line 30:
A comparison of Ili Turki's Karluk and Kipchak features is shown below:
A comparison of Ili Turki's Karluk and Kipchak features is shown below:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Kipchak & Chagatay features in Ili Turki
|+Kipchak & Chagatay features in Ili Turki
! &nbsp; !![[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] (Kipchak)!!Ili Turki!![[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] (Karluk)!!English
! &nbsp; !![[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] (Kipchak)!!Ili Turki!![[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] (Karluk)!!English
Line 62: Line 62:


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable IPA" style="text-align:center"
|+[[Consonant]]s of Ili Turki
|+[[Consonant]]s of Ili Turki
|-
|-
⚫
! colspan="2" |
!
! colspan="2" | [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! colspan="2" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! colspan="1" | [[glottal consonant|Glottal]]
! colspan="1" | [[glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- align=center
|- align=center
![[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|m}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|n}}
| {{IPA link|n}}
|
⚫
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ŋ}}
| {{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
⚫
| colspan="2" |
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|- align=center
|- align=center
![[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
| {{IPA link|p}}
| {{IPA link|p}}
⚫
| {{IPA link|b}}
| {{IPA link|t}}
| {{IPA link|t}}
⚫
| {{IPA link|d}}
| {{IPA link|tʃ}}
| {{IPA link|tʃ}}
⚫
| {{IPA link|dʒ}}
| {{IPA link|k}}
| {{IPA link|k}}
⚫
| {{IPA link|ɡ}}
| {{IPA link|q}}
| {{IPA link|q}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| &nbsp;
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
⚫
|- align=center
⚫
|{{IPA link|b}}
⚫
![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
⚫
|{{IPA link|d}}
| colspan="2" |
⚫
|{{IPA link|dʒ}}
⚫
|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|
⚫
|- align="center"
⚫
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
|
| {{IPA link|s}}
| {{IPA link|s}}
⚫
| {{IPA link|z}}
| {{IPA link|ʃ}}
| {{IPA link|ʃ}}
|
|
| colspan="2" |
| {{IPA link|χ}}
| {{IPA link|χ}}
⚫
| {{IPA link|ʁ}}
| {{IPA link|h}}
| {{IPA link|h}}
|-
⚫
|- align=center
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
![[Tap consonant|Tap]]
|
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɾ}}
|{{IPA link|z}}
|
| colspan="2" |
|
| colspan="2" |
⚫
|{{IPA link|ʁ}}
| colspan="2" |
|
⚫
|- align="center"
⚫
! colspan="2" |[[Tap consonant|Tap]]
|
| {{IPA link|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|
⚫
|- align="center"
⚫
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
⚫
| {{IPA link|l}}
⚫
| {{IPA link|j}}
⚫
| {{IPA link|w}}
|
|
⚫
|- align=center
⚫
![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|l}}
⚫
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|j}}
⚫
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|w}}
| colspan="2" |
|
|
|}
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+[[Vowel]]<nowiki/>s of Ili Turki
|+[[Vowel]]s of Ili Turki
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|[[Front vowel|Front]]
!rowspan="2"|[[Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" |Central/Back
! colspan="2" |[[Central vowel|Central]]/[[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align=center
|- align=center
!<small>unrounded</small>
!<small>unrounded</small>
!<small>rounded</small>
!<small>[[Roundedness|rounded]]</small>
|- align=center
|- align=center
![[Close vowel|Close]]
![[Close vowel|Close]]
Line 159: Line 169:
| 3 || ʉtʃ
| 3 || ʉtʃ
|-
|-
| 4 || trt
| 4 || tɵrt
|-
|-
| 5 || beʃ
| 5 || beʃ

Latest revision as of 03:16, 17 November 2024

Ili Turki
İlı turkeşi
И̇лı туркес̧и
ي̇لي تۋركەسي
Native toXinjiang, China; Kazakhstan
EthnicityIli Turks
Native speakers
30 families (2007, China)[1]
moribund in Kazakhstan
Language codes
ISO 639-3ili
Glottologilit1241
ELPIli Turki
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Ili Turki is an endangered[2] Turkic language spoken primarily in China, of the Karluk branch of Turkic. In 2007, it was reported that there were around 30 families using it in China. Speakers are shifting to Kazakh or Uyghur.

Geographic distribution

[edit]

Ili Turki is spoken in China's Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture along the Ili River and its tributaries and in Yining. There may be some speakers in Kazakhstan. Ili Turki has no official status in either country.

Classification

[edit]

Ili Turki appears to belong to the Karluk group of Turkic languages, although it exhibits a number of features that suggest a Kipchak substratum.[3][4]

A comparison of Ili Turki's Karluk and Kipchak features is shown below:

Kipchak & Chagatay features in Ili Turki
  Kazakh (Kipchak) Ili Turki Uzbek (Karluk) English
*G > w after low vowels taw taw tɒɣ mountain
Genitive assimilation tyje+niŋ / et+tiŋ tʉjæ+nin / et+tin tʉjæ+niŋ / et+niŋ of the camel / of the meat
*G > w > Ø after high vowels sarɨ sarɨq sarɨq yellow
Loss of geminate consonants seɡiz sekkiz sækkiz eight

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
Consonants of Ili Turki
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ  
Plosive voiceless p t tʃ k q  
voiced b d dʒ ɡ
Fricative voiceless s ʃ χ h
voiced z ʁ
Tap ɾ
Approximant l j w

Vowels

[edit]
Vowels of Ili Turki
Front Central/Back
unrounded rounded
Close i ɨ ʉ
Mid e ɵ
Open æ ɑ

Vocabulary

[edit]
No. Ili Turki
1 bir
2 ekki
3 ʉtʃ
4 tɵrt
5 beʃ
6 altə
7 jetti
8 sekkiz
9 tɵqqʉz
10 ɵn

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ili Turki at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2007). Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. London: Routledge.
  3. ^ Zhào, Xiāngrú; Hahn, Reinhard F. (1989). "The Ili Turk People and Their Language". Central Asiatic Journal. 33 (3/4): 261–285. JSTOR 41927706.
  4. ^ Hahn, Reinhard F. (1991). "An Annotated Sample of Ili Turki". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 45 (1): 31–53. JSTOR 23658071.
[edit]
Ili Turki language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ili_Turki_language&oldid=1257887801"