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{{Short description|American spy against the Soviet Union}} |
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'''Boris Nikolaevich Yuzhin''' ({{ |
'''Boris Nikolaevich Yuzhin''' ({{langx|ru|Борис Николаевич Южин}}; born February 21, 1942<ref name="Blumenthal">{{cite news |last=Blumenthal |first=Ralph |title=Spy Drama Survivor Watches as Story Unfolds |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 23, 2001 |page=A14 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/23/us/spy-drama-survivor-watches-as-story-unfolds.html }}</ref>) is a former [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Espionage|spy]]. He was a [[Mole (espionage)|mole]] in the [[KGB]], spying for the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] in the 1970s and 1980s before being caught and imprisoned.<ref name=USNews19991010>{{cite news |last1=Fenyvesi |first1=Charles |last2=Pope |first2=Victoria |last3=Strobel |first3=Warren P. |last4=Caryl |first4=Christian |author3-link=Shock and Awe (film)#Premise |author4-link=Christian Caryl |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/991018/archive_002128_print.htm |title=Cold warriors' untold tales |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |date=10 October 1999 |access-date=24 February 2021 |archive-date=24 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524194853/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/991018/archive_002128_print.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> Arriving in [[San Francisco]] in 1975, he, as an expert in [[semiconductor]]s, posed as a visiting scientist at [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]] where he attempted to find any useful information or possible contacts.<ref name="USNews19991010" /> During his second assignment to the United States, Yuzhin was assigned by the KGB to monitor student activities under the [[Cover (intelligence)|cover]] of a [[Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union|TASS]] [[correspondent]].<ref name="Blumenthal" /><ref name="USNews19991010" /> |
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| ⚫ | In 1978, Yuzhin began working for the FBI. He revealed the existence of the KGB's [[Group North]] ({{langx|ru|группа "Север"}}), which was an "elite unit of senior Soviet intelligence officers who specialized in recruiting American and Canadian targets worldwide.<ref name="Wise1">{{cite magazine |last=Wise |first=David |author-link=David Wise (journalist) |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,982988,00.html |title=Victims of Aldrich Ames (part 1) |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=22 May 1995 |access-date=24 February 2021 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225023536/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,982988,00.html}}</ref><ref name="Wise2">{{cite magazine |last=Wise |first=David |author-link=David Wise (journalist) |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982988-2,00.html |title=Victims of Aldrich Ames (part 2) |magazine=Time |date=22 May 1995 |access-date=24 February 2021 |archive-date=30 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930094259/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982988-2,00.html}}</ref><ref name="Wise3">{{cite magazine |last=Wise |first=David |author-link=David Wise (journalist) |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982988-3,00.html |title=Victims of Aldrich Ames (part 3) |magazine=Time |date=22 May 1995 |access-date=24 February 2021 |archive-date=24 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324105551/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982988-3,00.html}}</ref><ref name="groupNorth">{{cite web |url=https://tarrabass.livejournal.com/112016.html |title=КГБ в 1972-1984 г.г. (1) |trans-title=KGB in 1972-1984 (1) |language=ru |date=5 January 2012 |access-date=10 July 2023 |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230710220948/https://tarrabass.livejournal.com/112016.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>{{efn|A group "North" unit usually consisted of one or two officers of the PR (political intelligence) and KR (foreign counterintelligence) lines, as well as one from the X line (scientific and technical intelligence). Occasionally, officers from group "North" would visit a residency to liaison with the work of the "main enemy groups". Group "North" was in the [[:ru:Первый (разведывательный) отдел|First Division]] of the [[First Chief Directorate|PGU]] and was headed by [[Vadim Kirpichenko]] ({{langx|ru|Вадим Кирпиченко}}), who was the former KGB ''[[rezident]]'' for Tunisia and Egypt in Cairo (1970-1974) that allegedly recruited [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]]'s intelligence chief [[Sami Sharaf]].<ref name=groupNorth/>}} Yuzhin would take pictures of sensitive documents using a tiny CIA camera disguised as a cigarette lighter. His information led to the arrest of [[Arne Treholt]], a Norwegian diplomat who was spying for the Soviets.<ref>Wise 47–49</ref> |
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Arriving in San Francisco in 1975, he, as an expert in semiconductors, posed as a visiting scientist at [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]] where he attempted to find any useful information or possible contacts.<ref name=USNews19991010/> |
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| ⚫ | Yuzhin worked at the Soviet [[Consulate General]] in [[San Francisco]], California, where he revealed that [[Harry Bridges]] was a KGB agent and that Bridges told the KGB in 1980 that [[Ronald Reagan]] would be more predictable and that the KGB should support Reagan during the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980 election]] rather than Carter whom the KGB abhorred.<ref name="USNews19991010" /> The KGB discovered that Yuzhin was a mole in 1985, first when [[CIA]] officer [[Aldrich Ames]] identified him (as well as [[Valery Martinov]] and [[Sergei Motorin]], KGB officers based in the Soviet embassy in Washington), and later when FBI mole [[Robert Hanssen]] confirmed that the three were working for U.S. [[Intelligence (information gathering)|intelligence]] a few months later, in his first letter to his Soviet [[Agent handling|handlers]] on October 1, 1985.{{efn|A Russian source in 2009 stated that twelve agents were arrested by [[Alpha Group]] during 1985 to 1986.<ref>{{cite web |last=Евдокимов |first=Павел (Ebdokimov, Paul) |url=http://www.bratishka.ru/archiv/2009/8/2009_8_1.php |title=Архив: «АЛЬФА»: История антитеррора |trans-title=Archive: "ALPHA": History of anti-terror |lang=ru |work=Братушка (bratushka.ru) website |date=August 2009 |access-date=24 February 2021 |archive-date=10 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110023202/http://www.bratishka.ru/archiv/2009/8/2009_8_1.php}}</ref> [[David Wise (journalist)|David Wise]] stated that 36 agents were lost because of Ames.<ref name="Wise1"/>}} |
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During his second assignment to the United States, Yuzhin was assigned by the KGB to monitor student activities under the [[Cover (intelligence)|cover]] of a [[Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union|Tass]] [[correspondent]].<ref name="Blumenthal"/><ref name=USNews19991010/> |
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| ⚫ | Martinov and Motorin, who were more junior KGB officers, were recalled to [[Moscow]] and executed.<ref name="Blumenthal"/> Yuzhin had returned to Moscow for reassignment in 1982 and was arrested in 1986 by an [[Alpha Group]] led by KGB Colonel [[:ru:Зайцев, Владимир Николаевич (полковник)|Vladimir Nikolaevich Zaitsev]] who had previously been in the 7th Directorate of the KGB (Covert Surveillance).<ref>{{cite news |last=Эбдокимов |first=Павел (Ebdokimov, Paul) |url=http://www.specnaz.ru/articles/257/22/2902.htm |title="ГРОЗА ШПИОНОВ" |trans-title=Storm of Spies |lang=ru |work=[[:ru:Спецназ России (газета)|«Спецназ России»]] (Spetsnaz Russia Newspaper) |date=28 February 2018 |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Yuzhin spent six years of a 15-year sentence in [[:ru:Пермь-35|Perm 35]] (ITK VS-389/35), a [[Siberia]]n prison.<ref name="Blumenthal"/> According to one of Yuzhin's former FBI handlers, Yuzhin escaped execution because he was "never in residency in the KGB offices" and was able to "convince his [[Interrogation|interrogators]] he knew nothing about operations and cases."<ref name="Blumenthal"/> He was released on February 7, 1992<ref name="Wise2"/> after the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], when [[President of Russia|President]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] issued a general [[amnesty]] for political prisoners.<ref name="Blumenthal"/> Yuzhin [[Immigration to the United States|immigrated to the United States]], where the FBI helped him resettle in the [[San Francisco Bay area]].<ref name="Blumenthal"/> |
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| ⚫ | In 1978 |
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| ⚫ | Ames was captured on February 21, 1994—Yuzhin's birthday.<ref name="Blumenthal"/> The day before Hanssen's [[arrest]] on February 18, 2001, Yuzhin received "a cryptic call" from an FBI contact telling him to "watch the news tomorrow."<ref name="Blumenthal"/> Described as "mild-mannered", Yuzhin currently lives in [[Santa Rosa, California|Santa Rosa]] in [[Northern California]] and is supported by a "modest government [[stipend]]."<ref name="Blumenthal" /> He lives with his wife Nadia and grown daughter Olga, an [[occupational therapist]].<ref name="Blumenthal" /><ref name="Wise2" /> Friends of Yuzhin's, including some longtime FBI agents who worked with him, said he lived in an attractive house he bought about five years ago in Santa Rosa, California with the money from the CIA. According to reports his "mother, sister and a married son, an economist, with children of his own, live in Russia ... Yuzhin has not been back to Russia since his release from prison in 1992, but his son and grandchildren come for visits."<ref name="Blumenthal" /> He "does historical research and augments his income with occasional [[lecture]]s", including one lecture in October 2000 to the Southern California Fraud Investigation Association in [[Palm Springs, California]], where Yuzhin spoke on "the Russian Mind".<ref name="Blumenthal" /> |
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Yuzhin worked at the Soviet [[Consulate General]] in [[San Francisco, CA]] where he revealed that [[Harry Bridges]] was a KGB agent and that Bridges told the KGB in 1980 that [[Ronald Reagan]] would be more predictable and that the KGB should support Reagan during the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980 election]] rather than Carter whom the KGB abhorred.<ref name=USNews19991010/> |
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| ⚫ | The KGB discovered that Yuzhin was a mole in 1985, first when [[CIA]] officer [[Aldrich Ames]] identified him (as well as Valery |
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| ⚫ | Martinov and Motorin, who were more junior KGB officers, were recalled to [[Moscow]] and executed.<ref name="Blumenthal"/> Yuzhin had returned to Moscow for reassignment in 1982 and was arrested in 1986 by an [[Alpha Group]] led by KGB Colonel [[:ru:Зайцев, Владимир Николаевич (полковник)|Vladimir Nikolaevich Zaitsev]] who had previously been in the 7th Directorate of the KGB (Covert Surveillance).<ref>{{cite news |last=Эбдокимов |first=Павел (Ebdokimov, Paul) |url=http://www.specnaz.ru/articles/257/22/2902.htm |title= |
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Ames was captured on February 21, 1994—Yuzhin's birthday.<ref name="Blumenthal"/> The day before Hanssen's [[arrest]] on February 18, 2001, Yuzhin received "a cryptic call" from an FBI contact telling him to "watch the news tomorrow."<ref name="Blumenthal"/> |
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| ⚫ | Described as "mild-mannered |
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Yuzhin has also worked with [[Susan Mesinai]] and the [[Ark Project]] on researching the cases of other former Soviet [[political prisoner]]s, including [[Raoul Wallenberg]] and [[National Security Agency|NSA]] [[Cryptanalysis|cryptanalyst]] [[Victor Norris Hamilton]], who [[Defection|defected]] to the Soviet Union in 1963 and was discovered in a Russian [[psychiatric hospital]] in 1992.<ref>{{cite news |title=American Defector Is Found in Russian Prison |work=The New York Times |date=4 June 1992 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/04/world/american-defector-is-found-in-russian-prison.html }}</ref> |
Yuzhin has also worked with [[Susan Mesinai]] and the [[Ark Project]] on researching the cases of other former Soviet [[political prisoner]]s, including [[Raoul Wallenberg]] and [[National Security Agency|NSA]] [[Cryptanalysis|cryptanalyst]] [[Victor Norris Hamilton]], who [[Defection|defected]] to the Soviet Union in 1963 and was discovered in a Russian [[psychiatric hospital]] in 1992.<ref>{{cite news |title=American Defector Is Found in Russian Prison |work=The New York Times |date=4 June 1992 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/04/world/american-defector-is-found-in-russian-prison.html }}</ref> |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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* {{cite book | last = Wise | first = David | authorlink = David Wise (author) | title = [[Spy: The Inside Story of How the FBI's Robert Hanssen Betrayed America]] | publisher = Random House | year = 2003 | isbn = 0-375-50745-0 }} |
* {{cite book | last = Wise | first = David | authorlink = David Wise (author) | title = [[Spy: The Inside Story of How the FBI's Robert Hanssen Betrayed America]] | publisher = Random House | year = 2003 | isbn = 0-375-50745-0 }} |
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* {{cite book | last = Lynch | first = Christopher | title = The C.I. Desk: |
* {{cite book | last = Lynch | first = Christopher | title = The C.I. Desk: FBI and CIA Counterintelligence As Seen From My Cubicle | publisher = Dog Ear Publishing | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-60844-739-8}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Yuzhin, Boris}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yuzhin, Boris}} |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category:1942 births]] |
[[Category:1942 births]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Soviet emigrants to the United States]] |
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[[Category:People convicted of spying for the United States]] |
[[Category:People convicted of spying for the United States]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:42, 17 November 2024
Boris Nikolaevich Yuzhin (Russian: Борис Николаевич Южин; born February 21, 1942[1]) is a former Soviet spy. He was a mole in the KGB, spying for the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the 1970s and 1980s before being caught and imprisoned.[2] Arriving in San Francisco in 1975, he, as an expert in semiconductors, posed as a visiting scientist at UC Berkeley where he attempted to find any useful information or possible contacts.[2] During his second assignment to the United States, Yuzhin was assigned by the KGB to monitor student activities under the cover of a TASS correspondent.[1][2]
In 1978, Yuzhin began working for the FBI. He revealed the existence of the KGB's Group North (Russian: группа "Север"), which was an "elite unit of senior Soviet intelligence officers who specialized in recruiting American and Canadian targets worldwide.[3][4][5][6][a] Yuzhin would take pictures of sensitive documents using a tiny CIA camera disguised as a cigarette lighter. His information led to the arrest of Arne Treholt, a Norwegian diplomat who was spying for the Soviets.[7]
Yuzhin worked at the Soviet Consulate General in San Francisco, California, where he revealed that Harry Bridges was a KGB agent and that Bridges told the KGB in 1980 that Ronald Reagan would be more predictable and that the KGB should support Reagan during the 1980 election rather than Carter whom the KGB abhorred.[2] The KGB discovered that Yuzhin was a mole in 1985, first when CIA officer Aldrich Ames identified him (as well as Valery Martinov and Sergei Motorin, KGB officers based in the Soviet embassy in Washington), and later when FBI mole Robert Hanssen confirmed that the three were working for U.S. intelligence a few months later, in his first letter to his Soviet handlers on October 1, 1985.[b]
Martinov and Motorin, who were more junior KGB officers, were recalled to Moscow and executed.[1] Yuzhin had returned to Moscow for reassignment in 1982 and was arrested in 1986 by an Alpha Group led by KGB Colonel Vladimir Nikolaevich Zaitsev who had previously been in the 7th Directorate of the KGB (Covert Surveillance).[9] Yuzhin spent six years of a 15-year sentence in Perm 35 (ITK VS-389/35), a Siberian prison.[1] According to one of Yuzhin's former FBI handlers, Yuzhin escaped execution because he was "never in residency in the KGB offices" and was able to "convince his interrogators he knew nothing about operations and cases."[1] He was released on February 7, 1992[4] after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when President Boris Yeltsin issued a general amnesty for political prisoners.[1] Yuzhin immigrated to the United States, where the FBI helped him resettle in the San Francisco Bay area.[1]
Ames was captured on February 21, 1994—Yuzhin's birthday.[1] The day before Hanssen's arrest on February 18, 2001, Yuzhin received "a cryptic call" from an FBI contact telling him to "watch the news tomorrow."[1] Described as "mild-mannered", Yuzhin currently lives in Santa Rosa in Northern California and is supported by a "modest government stipend."[1] He lives with his wife Nadia and grown daughter Olga, an occupational therapist.[1][4] Friends of Yuzhin's, including some longtime FBI agents who worked with him, said he lived in an attractive house he bought about five years ago in Santa Rosa, California with the money from the CIA. According to reports his "mother, sister and a married son, an economist, with children of his own, live in Russia ... Yuzhin has not been back to Russia since his release from prison in 1992, but his son and grandchildren come for visits."[1] He "does historical research and augments his income with occasional lectures", including one lecture in October 2000 to the Southern California Fraud Investigation Association in Palm Springs, California, where Yuzhin spoke on "the Russian Mind".[1]
Yuzhin has also worked with Susan Mesinai and the Ark Project on researching the cases of other former Soviet political prisoners, including Raoul Wallenberg and NSA cryptanalyst Victor Norris Hamilton, who defected to the Soviet Union in 1963 and was discovered in a Russian psychiatric hospital in 1992.[10]
Notes
[edit]- ^ A group "North" unit usually consisted of one or two officers of the PR (political intelligence) and KR (foreign counterintelligence) lines, as well as one from the X line (scientific and technical intelligence). Occasionally, officers from group "North" would visit a residency to liaison with the work of the "main enemy groups". Group "North" was in the First Division of the PGU and was headed by Vadim Kirpichenko (Russian: Вадим Кирпиченко), who was the former KGB rezident for Tunisia and Egypt in Cairo (1970-1974) that allegedly recruited Nasser's intelligence chief Sami Sharaf.[6]
- ^ A Russian source in 2009 stated that twelve agents were arrested by Alpha Group during 1985 to 1986.[8] David Wise stated that 36 agents were lost because of Ames.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Blumenthal, Ralph (February 23, 2001). "Spy Drama Survivor Watches as Story Unfolds". The New York Times. p. A14.
- ^ a b c d Fenyvesi, Charles; Pope, Victoria; Strobel, Warren P.; Caryl, Christian (10 October 1999). "Cold warriors' untold tales". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- ^ a b Wise, David (22 May 1995). "Victims of Aldrich Ames (part 1)". Time. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- ^ a b c Wise, David (22 May 1995). "Victims of Aldrich Ames (part 2)". Time. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- ^ Wise, David (22 May 1995). "Victims of Aldrich Ames (part 3)". Time. Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- ^ a b "КГБ в 1972-1984 г.г. (1)" [KGB in 1972-1984 (1)] (in Russian). 5 January 2012. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Wise 47–49
- ^ Евдокимов, Павел (Ebdokimov, Paul) (August 2009). "Архив: «АЛЬФА»: История антитеррора" [Archive: "ALPHA": History of anti-terror]. Братушка (bratushka.ru) website (in Russian). Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Эбдокимов, Павел (Ebdokimov, Paul) (28 February 2018). ""ГРОЗА ШПИОНОВ"" [Storm of Spies]. «Спецназ России» (Spetsnaz Russia Newspaper) (in Russian). Retrieved 24 February 2021.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "American Defector Is Found in Russian Prison". The New York Times. 4 June 1992.
Further reading
[edit]- Wise, David (2003). Spy: The Inside Story of How the FBI's Robert Hanssen Betrayed America. Random House. ISBN 0-375-50745-0.
- Lynch, Christopher (2010). The C.I. Desk: FBI and CIA Counterintelligence As Seen From My Cubicle. Dog Ear Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60844-739-8.