Joel Keizer: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|American biologist (1942-1999)}} |
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| name = Joel E. Keizer |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1942|08|31}} |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1999|05|16|1942|08|31}} |
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| occupation = academic |
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| known_for = [[Non-equilibrium thermodynamics]], modelling [[insulin]] production |
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| awards = [[Guggenheim fellowship]] (1986-1987) |
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| education = |
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| alma_mater = [[University of Oregon]] |
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| thesis_title = A new approach for the justification of ensembles in quantum statistical mechanics. |
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| thesis_year = 1969 |
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| doctoral_advisor = Terrell Hill |
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| influences = <!--must be referenced from a third-party source--> |
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| discipline = Biologist |
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| sub_discipline = [[Thermodynamics]] |
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| workplaces = [[University of California, Davis]] |
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| doctoral_students = <!--only those with WP articles--> |
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| notable_students = |
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| main_interests = |
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| notable_works = ''Statistical Thermodynamics of Nonequilibrium Processes'' |
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'''Joel E. Keizer''' (31 August, 1942 - 16 May, 1999) was an American [[biologist]] and university professor. He is principally known for his work in [[non-equilibrium thermodynamics]] and mathematical modelling of cellular phenomena, in particular human production of [[insulin]].<ref name="cheer">{{cite web |last1=Cheer |first1=Angela |last2=Mogilner |first2=Alex |last3=Stuchebrukhov |first3=Alexi |title=Joel E. Keizer |url=https://senate.universityofcalifornia.edu/_files/inmemoriam/html/joelekeizer.html |website=senate.universityofcalifornia.edu |publisher=University of California |access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Keizer used the canonical form for the first formulation of statistical [[thermodynamics]] valid in far from equilibrium regimes, where the [[Onsager reciprocal relations]] and the [[Albert Einstein]] formula for the fluctuations do not work.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.uv.es/EBRIT/macro/macro_5006_24_47.html |title=Principles of Thermodynamics: Nonequilibrium thermodynamics: Statistical Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: Systems Far From Equilibrium |publisher= |
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== Canonical theory == |
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| ⚫ | Canonical theory is a [[molecular theory]] developed by Keizer and coworkers which claims to explain many physical, chemical, and biological processes in an unified and canonical way. Ronald F. Fox and Keizer showed the application of the canonical theory to [[Chaos theory|chaos]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/reviews/keizer/chaos-papers-note.html |title=Canonical Theory in Chaotic Dynamics |publisher=cscs.umich.edu |author=Shalizi, Cosma}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Keizer used the canonical form for the first formulation of statistical [[thermodynamics]] valid in far from equilibrium regimes, where the [[Onsager reciprocal relations]] and the [[Albert Einstein]] formula for the fluctuations do not work.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.uv.es/EBRIT/macro/macro_5006_24_47.html | title=Principles of Thermodynamics: Nonequilibrium thermodynamics: Statistical Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: Systems Far From Equilibrium | publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc | author=J.E.K | access-date=2012-02-11 | archive-date=2011-11-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113074607/http://www.uv.es/EBRIT/macro/macro_5006_24_47.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Keizer also provided fluctuating generalizations of the [[Boltzmann equation]] and of hydrodynamics (fluctuating hydrodynamics). The applications of his work to [[biology]] are the reason that he was considered as one of the pioneers in the field of [[computational biology]]. [[Cosma Shalizi]] wrote: <blockquote>Chapter five applies the canonical theory to various chemical and electrochemical processes. There is a detailed comparison of a model based on the formalism to actual experimental data for a calcium-regulated [[potassium]] channel in muscle cells, yielding remarkably close agreement (especially since the channel is really just a single molecule!)... Keizer was, until his premature death in May, 1999, an active and talented scientist who played a significant role not merely in the development of the formal structure of far from equilibrium thermodynamics, but also in its application to experiment, especially in biology. Unlike a number of others who have attempted such cross-overs, he made it work.</blockquote> |
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Besides the unification of disparate topics as chemical reactions, hydrodynamics, or heat transport in solids, the canonical theory has been applied to solving the problems of traditional disciplines as [[statistical mechanics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stoner.phys.uaic.ro/old/ANALE/Anale_1995_1996/An_Univ_Iasi_1995_1996_14.pdf|title=About the Conservation Equations in Stochastic Canonical Theory|publisher=phys.uaic.ro|last=Oprişan|first=Sorinel Adrian|access-date=2012-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325211300/http://stoner.phys.uaic.ro/old/ANALE/Anale_1995_1996/An_Univ_Iasi_1995_1996_14.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
Besides the unification of disparate topics as chemical reactions, hydrodynamics, or heat transport in solids, the canonical theory has been applied to solving the problems of traditional disciplines as [[statistical mechanics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stoner.phys.uaic.ro/old/ANALE/Anale_1995_1996/An_Univ_Iasi_1995_1996_14.pdf|title=About the Conservation Equations in Stochastic Canonical Theory|publisher=phys.uaic.ro|last=Oprişan|first=Sorinel Adrian|access-date=2012-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325211300/http://stoner.phys.uaic.ro/old/ANALE/Anale_1995_1996/An_Univ_Iasi_1995_1996_14.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Keizer, Joel}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1942 births]] |
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[[Category:1999 deaths]] |
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[[Category:20th-century American biologists]] |
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[[Category:University of Oregon alumni]] |
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[[Category:University of California, Davis people]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:09, 17 November 2024
Joel E. Keizer | |
|---|---|
| Born | August 31, 1942 |
| Died | May 16, 1999 (aged 56) |
| Occupation | academic |
| Known for | Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, modelling insulin production |
| Awards | Guggenheim fellowship (1986-1987) |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | University of Oregon |
| Thesis | A new approach for the justification of ensembles in quantum statistical mechanics. (1969) |
| Doctoral advisor | Terrell Hill |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Biologist |
| Sub-discipline | Thermodynamics |
| Institutions | University of California, Davis |
| Notable works | Statistical Thermodynamics of Nonequilibrium Processes |
Joel E. Keizer (31 August, 1942 - 16 May, 1999) was an American biologist and university professor. He is principally known for his work in non-equilibrium thermodynamics and mathematical modelling of cellular phenomena, in particular human production of insulin.[1]
Canonical theory
[edit]Canonical theory is a molecular theory developed by Keizer and coworkers which claims to explain many physical, chemical, and biological processes in an unified and canonical way. Ronald F. Fox and Keizer showed the application of the canonical theory to chaos.[2]
Keizer used the canonical form for the first formulation of statistical thermodynamics valid in far from equilibrium regimes, where the Onsager reciprocal relations and the Albert Einstein formula for the fluctuations do not work.[3] Keizer also provided fluctuating generalizations of the Boltzmann equation and of hydrodynamics (fluctuating hydrodynamics). The applications of his work to biology are the reason that he was considered as one of the pioneers in the field of computational biology. Cosma Shalizi wrote:
Chapter five applies the canonical theory to various chemical and electrochemical processes. There is a detailed comparison of a model based on the formalism to actual experimental data for a calcium-regulated potassium channel in muscle cells, yielding remarkably close agreement (especially since the channel is really just a single molecule!)... Keizer was, until his premature death in May, 1999, an active and talented scientist who played a significant role not merely in the development of the formal structure of far from equilibrium thermodynamics, but also in its application to experiment, especially in biology. Unlike a number of others who have attempted such cross-overs, he made it work.
Besides the unification of disparate topics as chemical reactions, hydrodynamics, or heat transport in solids, the canonical theory has been applied to solving the problems of traditional disciplines as statistical mechanics.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Cheer, Angela; Mogilner, Alex; Stuchebrukhov, Alexi. "Joel E. Keizer". senate.universityofcalifornia.edu. University of California. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ Shalizi, Cosma. "Canonical Theory in Chaotic Dynamics". cscs.umich.edu.
- ^ J.E.K. "Principles of Thermodynamics: Nonequilibrium thermodynamics: Statistical Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: Systems Far From Equilibrium". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 2011-11-13. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
- ^ Oprişan, Sorinel Adrian. "About the Conservation Equations in Stochastic Canonical Theory" (PDF). phys.uaic.ro. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-25. Retrieved 2012-02-11.