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{{Short description|Cluster of the Zenati languages}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=South Oran and Figuig Berber
| name = South Oran and Figuig Berber<br>''Tachelhit''
|nativename=''tašəlḥit, tabəldit''
| nativename = ''tmaziɣt, tacelḥit, tabeldit''
|pronunciation=
| pronunciation =
|states=[[Algeria]], [[Morocco]]
| states = [[Algeria]], [[Morocco]]
|region=[[Ksour Mountains]], [[Saoura]] basin, [[Figuig]] region
| region = [[Ksour Range|Ksour Mountains]], [[Saoura]] basin, [[Figuig]] region
|ethnicity=
| ethnicity =
|speakers={{formatnum:61000}} in [[Algeria]] (2008)<ref>http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/algerie-1demo.htm</ref><br/>{{formatnum:20000}} to {{formatnum:30000}} in [[Morocco]]
| speakers = {{formatnum:61000}} in [[Algeria]] (2008)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/algerie-1demo.htm|title = L'Aménagement linguistique dans le monde: Page d'accueil}}</ref><br/>{{formatnum:20000}} to {{formatnum:30000}} in [[Morocco]]
|date=2011?
| date = 2011?
|ref=<ref name="unsc-fig">http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-2215.html</ref>
| ref = <ref name="unsc-fig">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-2215.html|title = UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger}}</ref>
|familycolor=Afro-Asiatic
| familycolor = Afro-Asiatic
|fam2=[[Berber languages|Berber]]
| fam2 = [[Berber languages|Berber]]
|fam3=[[Northern Berber languages|Northern Berber]]
| fam3 = [[Northern Berber languages|Northern Berber]]
|fam4=[[Zenati languages|Zenati]]
| fam4 = [[Zenati languages|Zenati]]
| fam5 = [[Mzab–Wargla languages|Mzab–Wargla]]
|iso3=none
| iso3 = none
|glotto=sout3056
| glotto = sout3056
|glottoname=South Oran
| glottoname = South Oran
|linglist2=qb8
| linglist2 = qb8
|lingname2=Figuig
| lingname2 = Figuig
|script=[[Arabic script|Arabic]], [[Latin script|Latin]], [[Tifinagh]]
| script = [[Arabic script|Arabic]], [[Latin script|Latin]], [[Tifinagh]]
|map=South Oranie and Figuig Berber.PNG
| map = South Oranie and Figuig Berber.PNG
|mapcaption=
| mapcaption =
}}
}}
⚫
'''South Oran Berber''' or '''Figuig Berber''' (Figig) is a cluster of the [[Zenati languages|Zenati]] [[Berber languages|Berber]] dialects.<ref>This language has no established name in English; in French literature it is referred to as ''Kçours du Sud-Oranais'' or ''parlers des Kçours Oranais et de Figuig'', and its speakers mostly call it by the vague term ''Shelha'' or ''Tashelhiyt''.</ref> It is spoken in a number of oases of southwestern Algeria and across the border in Morocco. These include most of the [[ksar|ksour]] between [[Mecheria]] and [[Béni Abbès]]: [[Tiout, Algeria|Tiout]], [[Ain Sfisifa]], [[Boussemghoun]], [[Moghrar]], [[Chellala]], [[Asla]], [[Fendi]], [[Mougheul]], [[Lahmar]], [[Boukais]], [[Sfissifa]], [[Ouakda]], [[Barrbi]] near [[Taghit]], [[Igli, Algeria|Igli]], and [[Mazzer]] in Algeria, and [[Iche, Morocco|Iche]], [[Ain Chair]] and the seven ksour of [[Figuig]] (Ait Wadday, Ait Amar, Ait Lamiz, Ait Sliman, Ait Anaj, Ait Addi and Iznayen)<ref name="unsc-fig" /> in Morocco.<ref>André Basset, La langue berbère dans les territoires du sud, ''Revue Africaine'' vol. 85, 1941, pp. 62-71</ref>


'''South Oran Berber''', or '''Tachelhit''',<ref>{{cite book|access-date=2023-02-10|date=1894–1897|first1=Napoléon (1855-1910) Auteur du texte|first2=Henri Poisson de (1859-1922) Auteur du texte|language=FR|last1=Lacroix|last2=La Martinière|pages=959|title=Documents pour servir à l'étude du Nord-Ouest africain. T. 1 / réunis et rédigés... par H.-M.-P. de La Martinière,... N. Lacroix,...|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1060665}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> is a cluster of the [[Zenati languages]], which belong to the [[Berber languages|Berber]] branch of the [[Afroasiatic family]].<ref>This language has no established name in English; in French literature it is referred to as ''Kçours du Sud-Oranais'' or ''parlers des Kçours Oranais et de Figuig''. Its speakers most frequently call it by the vague term ''tacelḥit'' "Tashelhiyt" ("Shilha"), but in the northern villages the equally vague term ''tmaziɣt'' "Tamazight" is also used, while ''tabeldit'' is specific to the Igli area (El Idrissi 2017:22).</ref> It is spoken in a number of oases of southwestern [[Algeria]] and across the border in [[Morocco]].
⚫
Of these towns, the only one whose dialect has been studied in any detail is Figuig (Kossmann 1997).<ref>Maarten Kossmann, ''Grammaire du parler berbère de Figuig: Maroc oriental'', Peeters 1997 [http://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ZHi3MZgDI0UC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false]</ref> A cursory study of the northern dialects, including texts and vocabulary, is Basset (1885),<ref>René Basset : "Notes de lexicographie berbère 3e série : dialecte des k'çours oranais et de Figuig" in Journal Asiatique 1885 t. II pp. 302-371</ref> while a sketch grammar of its southernmost member, Igli, is provided by Kossmann (2010).<ref>Maarten Kossmann, "Grammatical notes on the Berber dialect of Igli (Sud oranais, Algeria)", in ed. D. Ibriszimow, M. Kossmann, H. Stroomer, R. Vossen, ''Études berbères V – Essais sur des variations dialectales et autres articles''. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 2010.</ref>


⚫
These areas include most of the [[ksar|ksour]] (fortified villages) between [[Mecheria]] and [[Béni Abbès]]: [[Tiout, Algeria|Tiout]], [[Ain Sfisifa]], [[Boussemghoun]], [[Moghrar]], [[Chellala]], [[Asla]], [[Fendi, Algeria|Fendi]], [[Mougheul]], [[Lahmar]], [[Boukais]], [[Sfissifa]], [[Ouakda]], [[Barrbi]] near [[Taghit]], [[Igli, Algeria|Igli]], [[Mazzer]] in Algeria, [[Iche, Morocco|Iche]], [[Ain Chair]] and the seven ksour of [[Figuig]] (Ait Wadday, Ait Amar, Ait Lamiz, Ait Sliman, Ait Anaj, Ait Addi and Iznayen)<ref name="unsc-fig" /> in Morocco.<ref>André Basset, La langue berbère dans les territoires du sud, ''Revue Africaine'' vol. 85, 1941, pp. 62-71</ref>
⚫
Like many other Berber varieties, these dialects use bipartite verbal negation. The preverbal negator is ''ul'' (locally ''un'', ''il''); the postverbal negator is ''ša'' (Igli, Mazzer) / ''šay'' (Figuig, Iche, Moghrar) / ''iš'' (Boussemghoun, Ain Chair), with both the latter two appearing as allomorphs in Tiout.<ref>Kossmann, ''op. cit.'':94</ref> The numerals 1–2 are Berber, while higher numerals are Arabic borrowings throughout.<ref>Kossmann, ''op. cit.'':84</ref>

⚫
Of these towns, the only one whose dialect has been studied in any detail is Figuig ([[Maarten Kossmann|Kossmann]] 1997).<ref>Maarten Kossmann, ''Grammaire du parler berbère de Figuig: Maroc oriental'', Peeters 1997 [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHi3MZgDI0UC&pg=PA1]</ref> A cursory study of the northern dialects, including texts and vocabulary, is Basset (1885,<ref>[[René Basset]]: "[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k93228g/f305.item Notes de lexicographie berbère 3e série : dialecte des k'çours oranais et de Figuig]" in ''Journal Asiatique'' 1885 t. II pp. 302-371</ref> 1886<ref>[[René Basset]]: "[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k93229t/f64.double# Spécimen de dialecte des k'çours oranais]" in ''Journal Asiatique'' 1886 t. I pp. 67-85</ref>) while a sketch grammar of its southernmost member, Igli, is provided by Kossmann (2010).<ref>Maarten Kossmann, "[https://www.academia.edu/4269828/Grammatical_notes_on_the_Berber_dialect_of_Igli_Sud_oranais_Algeria_pre_publication_version_2010_ Grammatical notes on the Berber dialect of Igli (Sud oranais, Algeria)]", in ed. D. Ibriszimow, M. Kossmann, H. Stroomer, R. Vossen, ''Études berbères V – Essais sur des variations dialectales et autres articles''. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 2010.</ref> El Idrissi (2017<ref>Mohamed El Idrissi. [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02079768 Description des variétés berbères en danger du Sud-Oranais (Algérie) - Étude dialectologique, phonologique et phonétique du système consonantique. Linguistique]. Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017.</ref>) focuses mainly on phonetic variation among the different villages.

⚫
Like many other Berber varieties, the Figuig Berber dialects use bipartite verbal negation. The preverbal negator is ''ul'' (locally ''un'', ''il''); the postverbal negator is ''ša'' (Igli, Mazzer) / ''šay'' (Figuig, Iche, Moghrar) / ''iš'' (Boussemghoun, Ain Chair), with both the latter two appearing as [[allomorphs]] in Tiout.<ref>Kossmann, ''op. cit.'':94</ref> The numerals 1 and 2 are Berber, while higher numerals are Arabic borrowings throughout.<ref>Kossmann, ''op. cit.'':84</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 08:05, 17 November 2024

South Oran and Figuig Berber
Tachelhit
tmaziɣt, tacelḥit, tabeldit
Native toAlgeria, Morocco
RegionKsour Mountains, Saoura basin, Figuig region
Native speakers
61,000 in Algeria (2008)[1]
20,000 to 30,000 in Morocco (2011?)[2]
Afro-Asiatic
Arabic, Latin, Tifinagh
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
 qb8 Figuig
Glottologsout3056  South Oran
ELPFiguig

South Oran Berber, or Tachelhit,[3] is a cluster of the Zenati languages, which belong to the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic family.[4] It is spoken in a number of oases of southwestern Algeria and across the border in Morocco.

These areas include most of the ksour (fortified villages) between Mecheria and Béni Abbès: Tiout, Ain Sfisifa, Boussemghoun, Moghrar, Chellala, Asla, Fendi, Mougheul, Lahmar, Boukais, Sfissifa, Ouakda, Barrbi near Taghit, Igli, Mazzer in Algeria, Iche, Ain Chair and the seven ksour of Figuig (Ait Wadday, Ait Amar, Ait Lamiz, Ait Sliman, Ait Anaj, Ait Addi and Iznayen)[2] in Morocco.[5]

Of these towns, the only one whose dialect has been studied in any detail is Figuig (Kossmann 1997).[6] A cursory study of the northern dialects, including texts and vocabulary, is Basset (1885,[7] 1886[8]) while a sketch grammar of its southernmost member, Igli, is provided by Kossmann (2010).[9] El Idrissi (2017[10]) focuses mainly on phonetic variation among the different villages.

Like many other Berber varieties, the Figuig Berber dialects use bipartite verbal negation. The preverbal negator is ul (locally un, il); the postverbal negator is ša (Igli, Mazzer) / šay (Figuig, Iche, Moghrar) / iš (Boussemghoun, Ain Chair), with both the latter two appearing as allomorphs in Tiout.[11] The numerals 1 and 2 are Berber, while higher numerals are Arabic borrowings throughout.[12]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "L'Aménagement linguistique dans le monde: Page d'accueil".
  2. ^ a b "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger".
  3. ^ Lacroix, Napoléon (1855-1910) Auteur du texte; La Martinière, Henri Poisson de (1859-1922) Auteur du texte (1894–1897). Documents pour servir à l'étude du Nord-Ouest africain. T. 1 / réunis et rédigés... par H.-M.-P. de La Martinière,... N. Lacroix,... (in French). p. 959. Retrieved 2023-02-10.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ This language has no established name in English; in French literature it is referred to as Kçours du Sud-Oranais or parlers des Kçours Oranais et de Figuig. Its speakers most frequently call it by the vague term tacelḥit "Tashelhiyt" ("Shilha"), but in the northern villages the equally vague term tmaziɣt "Tamazight" is also used, while tabeldit is specific to the Igli area (El Idrissi 2017:22).
  5. ^ André Basset, La langue berbère dans les territoires du sud, Revue Africaine vol. 85, 1941, pp. 62-71
  6. ^ Maarten Kossmann, Grammaire du parler berbère de Figuig: Maroc oriental, Peeters 1997 [1]
  7. ^ René Basset: "Notes de lexicographie berbère 3e série : dialecte des k'çours oranais et de Figuig" in Journal Asiatique 1885 t. II pp. 302-371
  8. ^ René Basset: "Spécimen de dialecte des k'çours oranais" in Journal Asiatique 1886 t. I pp. 67-85
  9. ^ Maarten Kossmann, "Grammatical notes on the Berber dialect of Igli (Sud oranais, Algeria)", in ed. D. Ibriszimow, M. Kossmann, H. Stroomer, R. Vossen, Études berbères V – Essais sur des variations dialectales et autres articles. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 2010.
  10. ^ Mohamed El Idrissi. Description des variétés berbères en danger du Sud-Oranais (Algérie) - Étude dialectologique, phonologique et phonétique du système consonantique. Linguistique. Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017.
  11. ^ Kossmann, op. cit.:94
  12. ^ Kossmann, op. cit.:84
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