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{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| honorific-prefix =
| name = P. Kakkan
| name = P. Kakkan
| honorific-suffix =
| honorific-suffix =
| image =P Kakkan 1999 stamp of India.jpg
| image = P Kakkan 1999 stamp of India.jpg
| imagesize = 245px
| imagesize = 245px
| order1 = Minister for Home Affairs (Madras state)
| order1 = Minister for Home Affairs (Madras state)
| term_start1 = 3 October 1963
| term_start1 = 3 October 1963
| term_end1 = 5 March 1967
| term_end1 = 5 March 1967
| monarch1 =
| monarch1 =
| primeminister1 =
| primeminister1 =
| predecessor1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| successor1 =
| order2 = Minister of Agriculture (Madras state)
| order2 = Minister of Agriculture (Madras state)
| term_start2 = 13 March 1962
| term_start2 = 13 March 1962
| term_end2 = 3 October 1963
| term_end2 = 3 October 1963
| monarch2 =
| monarch2 =
| primeminister2 =
| primeminister2 =
| predecessor2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| successor2 =
| order3 = Member of Madras Legislative Assembly for Samayanallur
| order3 = Member of Madras Legislative Assembly for Samayanallur
| term_start3 = 1962
| term_start3 = 1962
| term_end3 = 1967
| term_end3 = 1967
| monarch3 =
| monarch3 =
| primeminister3 =
| primeminister3 =
| predecessor3 =
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| successor3 =
| order4 = Minister of Public Works (Madras state)
| order4 = Minister of Public Works (Madras state)
| term_start4 = 13 April 1957
| term_start4 = 13 April 1957
| term_end4 = 13 March 1962
| term_end4 = 13 March 1962
| monarch4 =
| monarch4 =
| primeminister4 =
| primeminister4 =
| predecessor4 =
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 =
| successor4 =
| order5 = Member of Madras Legislative Assembly for Melur
| order5 = Member of Madras Legislative Assembly for Melur
| term_start5 = 1957
| term_start5 = 1957
| term_end5 = 1962
| term_end5 = 1962
| monarch5 =
| monarch5 =
| primeminister5 =
| primeminister5 =
| predecessor5 =
| predecessor5 =
| successor5 =
| successor5 =
| order6 = Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) for [[Madurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madurai]]
| order6 = Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) for [[Madurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madurai]]
| term_start6 = 1951
| term_start6 = 1951
| term_end6 = 1957
| term_end6 = 1957
| monarch6 =
| monarch6 =
| primeminister6 = [[Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| primeminister6 = [[Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| predecessor6 = None
| predecessor6 = None
| successor6 = [[K. T. K. Thangamani]]
| successor6 = [[K. T. K. Thangamani]]
| order7 = Member of Constituent Assembly
| order7 = Member of Constituent Assembly
| term_start7 = 1946
| term_start7 = 1946
| term_end7 = 1950
| term_end7 = 1950
| monarch7 = [[George VI of the United Kingdom]]
| monarch7 = [[George VI of the United Kingdom]]
| primeminister7 = [[Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| primeminister7 = [[Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| predecessor7 = None
| predecessor7 = None
| successor7 = None
| successor7 = None
| birth_date = 18 June 1908
| birth_date = 18 June 1908
| birth_place = Thumbaipatti, Melur, [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| birth_place = Thumbaipatti, Melur, [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1981|12|23|1908|6|18}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1981|12|23|1908|6|18}}
| death_place = [[Madras]], [[India]]
| death_place = [[Madras]], [[India]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
| nationality = [[India]]n
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| party = Congress

| alma_mater =
| alma_mater =
| profession = [[Politician]]
| profession = [[Politician]]
| spouse = Swarnam Parvathi Kakkan
| spouse = Swarnam Parvathi Kakkan
}}
}}


'''P. Kakkan''' (18 June 1908 – 23 December 1981) or fondly known as '''Kakkanji''', was an Indian politician and [[freedom fighter]] who served as a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]], [[Member of Parliament]], President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee and in various ministerial posts in Congress governments in the erstwhile [[Madras state]] between 1957 and 1967.
'''P. Kakkan''' (18 June 1908 – 23 December 1981), known as '''Kakkan''', was an Indian politician and [[freedom fighter]] who served as a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]], [[Member of Parliament]], President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee and in various ministerial posts in Congress governments in the erstwhile [[Madras state]] between 1957 and 1967.


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Kakkan was born into a Tamil family on 18 June 1908 in a village called Thumbaipatti in Melur Taluk, [[Madurai district]] of [[Madras Presidency]].<ref name="kakkanbio_dalitidentity_p124">{{cite book|title=Dalit Identity in the New Millennium|last=Chandra|pages=124|first=Ramesh|ISBN=978-81-7169-765-6|year=2003|publisher=Commonwealth Publishers|author2=Sangh Mittra}}</ref> His father Poosari Kakkan was a priest in the village shrine.<ref name="kakkanbio_dalitidentity_p125">{{cite book|title=Dalit Identity in the New Millennium|last=Chandra|pages=125|first=Ramesh|ISBN=978-81-7169-765-6|year=2003|publisher=Commonwealth Publishers|author2=Sangh Mittra}}</ref>
Kakkan was born into a Tamil [[Paraiyar]] family on 18 June 1908 in a village called Thumbaipatti in Melur Taluk, [[Madurai district]] of [[Madras Presidency]].<ref name="kakkanbio_dalitidentity_p124">{{cite book|title=Dalit Identity in the New Millennium|last=Chandra|pages=124|first=Ramesh|ISBN=978-81-7169-765-6|year=2003|publisher=Commonwealth Publishers|author2=Sangh Mittra}}</ref> His father Poosari Kakkan was a priest in the village shrine.<ref name="kakkanbio_dalitidentity_p125">{{cite book|title=Dalit Identity in the New Millennium|last=Chandra|pages=125|first=Ramesh|ISBN=978-81-7169-765-6|year=2003|publisher=Commonwealth Publishers|author2=Sangh Mittra}}</ref>


== Indian independence movement ==
== Indian independence movement ==


Kakkan was drawn to the independence movement from an early stage in his life. While in school, he joined the [[Indian National Congress]]. When the state government brought forth the [[Temple Entry Proclamation|Temple Entry Authorisation and Indemnity Act]] in 1939, which removed restrictions on [[Paraiyar]] and [[Shanars]] entering temples, Kakkan led the temple entry at Madurai. He also participated in the [[Quit India Movement]] and was sent to [[Alipore jail]]. In 1946, he was elected to the Constituent Assembly.<ref name="kakkan_postagestamp">{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/l1299/r091299.html|title=24. SPECIAL POSTAGE STAMP ON FREEDOM FIGHTERS AND SOCIAL REFORMERS|accessdate=29 October 2008|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|work=Latest PIB Releases}}</ref> and served from 1946 to 1950.
Kakkan was drawn to the independence movement from an early stage in his life. While in school, he joined the [[Indian National Congress]]. When the state government brought forth the [[Temple Entry Proclamation|Temple Entry Authorisation and Indemnity Act]] in 1939, which removed restrictions on [[Paraiyar]] and [[Shanars]] entering temples, Kakkan led the temple entry at Madurai. He also participated in the [[Quit India Movement]] and was sent to [[Alipore jail]]. In 1946, he was elected to the Constituent Assembly<ref name="kakkan_postagestamp">{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/l1299/r091299.html|title=24. SPECIAL POSTAGE STAMP ON FREEDOM FIGHTERS AND SOCIAL REFORMERS|access-date=29 October 2008|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|work=Latest PIB Releases}}</ref> and served from 1946 to 1950.


== Politics of Free India ==
== Politics of Free India ==


Kakkan served as a member of the [[Lok Sabha]] from 1952 to 1957.<ref name="kakkan_resume">{{cite book | title=Who's who in India| year=1967| pages=64| publisher=Guide Publications}}</ref> When [[K. Kamaraj]] resigned as the President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee in order to take office as the Chief Minister of Madras state, Kakkan was elected as the President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee.<ref name="kakkan_tnccpres1">{{cite book | title=K. Kamaraj: A Socio-political Study| last=Muthuswamy| first=M. S.| year=1988| pages=101| publisher=Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science}}</ref><ref name="kakkan_tnccpres2">{{cite book | title=Kamaraj: A Study| last=Narasimhan| first=V. K.| year=1967| pages=71| publisher=Manaktalas}}</ref><ref name="kakkan_tnccpres3_thehindu">{{cite news | last= | first=| title= Kakkan is TNCC chief | date=30 December 2004 | url =http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/30/stories/2004123000240902.htm | work =The Hindu: This Day that Age | accessdate = 29 October 2008}}</ref> Following the 1957 elections when the Indian National Congress was re-elected to power in the Madras state, Kakkan was sworn in as the Minister for Public Works (excluding Electricity), Harijan Welfare, Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes on 13 April 1957.<ref name="kakkan_cabinet1957">{{Cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/review_02assly/ch_4_5.pdf|format=PDF|title=The Cabinet|accessdate=29 October 2008|publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|work=Madras Legislative Assembly 1957 – 1962}}</ref><ref name="kakkan_cabinet1957_portfolios">{{Cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/review_02assly/table5.pdf|format=PDF|title=Allocation of Business Among Ministers|accessdate=29 October 2008|publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|work=Madras Legislative Assembly 1957 – 1962}}</ref> From 13 March 1962 to 3 October 1963, Kakkan served as the Minister of Agriculture.<ref name="kakkan_resume" /> On 24 April 1962, he was appointed as a member of the Business Advisory Committee<ref name="kakkan_cabinet1962_businessadvisorycommittee">{{Cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/03assly/03_01_1%20&%202.pdf|format=PDF|title=Resume of work done by the Madras Legislative Assembly from March 29 to May 7, 1962|accessdate=29 October 2008|publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|work=Madras Legislative Assembly 1962 – 1967}}</ref> and as [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]] on 3 October 1963<ref name="kakkan_resume" /> and served till 1967 when the Indian National Congress was defeated in the Assembly elections.<ref name="justicepartysouvenir">{{cite book | title=Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir, 1968| year=1968| pages=68| publisher=Justice Party}}</ref>. He was the Home minister of Madras when students who were agitating against imposition of Hindi were shot dead.
Kakkan served as a member of the [[Lok Sabha]] from 1952 to 1957.<ref name="kakkan_resume">{{cite book | title=Who's who in India| year=1967| pages=64| publisher=Guide Publications}}</ref> When [[K. Kamaraj]] resigned as the President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee in order to take office as the Chief Minister of Madras state, Kakkan was elected as the President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee.<ref name="kakkan_tnccpres1">{{cite book | title=K. Kamaraj: A Socio-political Study| last=Muthuswamy| first=M. S.| year=1988| pages=101| publisher=Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science}}</ref><ref name="kakkan_tnccpres2">{{cite book | title=Kamaraj: A Study| last=Narasimhan| first=V. K.| year=1967| pages=71| publisher=Manaktalas}}</ref><ref name="kakkan_tnccpres3_thehindu">{{cite news | title= Kakkan is TNCC chief | date=30 December 2004 | url =http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/30/stories/2004123000240902.htm | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20050115081147/http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/30/stories/2004123000240902.htm | url-status =dead | archive-date =15 January 2005 | work= [[The Hindu]] | access-date = 29 October 2008}}</ref> Following the 1957 elections when the Indian National Congress was re-elected to power in the Madras state, Kakkan was sworn in as the Minister for Public Works (excluding Electricity), Harijan Welfare, Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes on 13 April 1957.<ref name="kakkan_cabinet1957">{{Cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/review_02assly/ch_4_5.pdf|format=PDF|title=The Cabinet|access-date=29 October 2008|publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|work=Madras Legislative Assembly 1957 – 1962}}</ref><ref name="kakkan_cabinet1957_portfolios">{{Cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/review_02assly/table5.pdf|format=PDF|title=Allocation of Business Among Ministers|access-date=29 October 2008|publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|work=Madras Legislative Assembly 1957 – 1962}}</ref> From 13 March 1962 to 3 October 1963, Kakkan served as the Minister of Agriculture.<ref name="kakkan_resume" /> On 24 April 1962, he was appointed as a member of the Business Advisory Committee<ref name="kakkan_cabinet1962_businessadvisorycommittee">{{Cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/03assly/03_01_1%20&%202.pdf|format=PDF|title=Resume of work done by the Madras Legislative Assembly from March 29 to May 7, 1962|access-date=29 October 2008|publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|work=Madras Legislative Assembly 1962 – 1967}}</ref> and as [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]] on 3 October 1963<ref name="kakkan_resume" /> and served till 1967 when the Indian National Congress was defeated in the Assembly elections.<ref name="justicepartysouvenir">{{cite book | title=Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir, 1968| year=1968| pages=68| publisher=Justice Party}}</ref>


== Later life and death ==
== Later life and death ==
In the 1967 Assembly elections, Kakkan stood for elections from Melur (South) constituency and lost to [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate O. P. Raman.<ref name="1967electionresults">{{Cite web|url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|format=PDF|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Madras|accessdate=30 October 2008|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref> Following his defeat in the 1967 elections, Kakkan retired from politics.
In the 1967 Assembly elections, Kakkan stood for elections from Melur (South) constituency and lost to [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate O. P. Raman.<ref name="1967electionresults">{{Cite web|url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|format=PDF|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Madras|access-date=30 October 2008|publisher=Election Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060527055149/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=27 May 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> Following his defeat in the 1967 elections, Kakkan retired from politics.


== Work ==
== Work ==
Line 92: Line 94:
'''Children:'''
'''Children:'''
He had five sons and one daughter.
He had five sons and one daughter.
P K Padmanthan, his first son, served the Tamil Nadu Government as President and Registrar of Cooperative societies. Kakkan refused to make any recommendation when his son appeared for the TN Public service commission. He was married to Prof. V S Krishnakumari who is a paediatrician and worked as the Director of Institute of Child Health Egmore, Chennai (see [[Madras Medical College]]). His eldest granddaughter [[Meenakshi Vijayakumar]] is currently the deputy Director in TN fire Services. She is one of the two woman fire officers recruited in Fire service in the country. His second granddaughter Shanthi Krishnan, works in the UK for the National Health Service.
P K Padmanthan, his first son, served the Tamil Nadu Government as President and Registrar of Cooperative societies. He was married to Prof. V S Krishnakumari who is a paediatrician and worked as the Director of Institute of Child Health Egmore, Chennai (see [[Madras Medical College]]). His eldest granddaughter [[Meenakshi Vijayakumar]] is currently the Deputy Director in TN fire Services. She is one of the two woman fire officers recruited in Fire service in the country. His second granddaughter Shanthi Krishnan, works in the UK for the National Health Service.


His second son, P K Pakkiyanathan, worked for Simpson's Chennai.
His second son, P K Pakkiyanathan, worked for Simpson's Chennai.
His third son, P K Kasiviswanathan, was an IPS officer who worked as Assistant commissioner of Police in Madurai.
His third son, P K Kasiviswanathan, was an IPS officer who worked as Assistant commissioner of Police in Madurai.
His fourth son, Dr. P K Sathyanathan served as Medical Officer in Tamil Nadu Municipal Service and retired. Dr. Sathyanathan's son
His fourth and fifth sons, P K Sathyanathan and P K Nadarajamoorthy respectively, were both doctors in Chennai. His daughter Kasthuri Sivasamy was involved in state politics. Her husband Sivasamy is a retired Chief Engineer at Port Blair Andaman. Their third daughter Rajeshwari is an IPS officer and superintendent of police CB-CID.
S Anand is involved in politics and is now serving as State Research Chairman in Tamil Nadu Youth Congress. His last son is P K Nadarajamoorthy. His daughter Kasthuri Sivasamy was involved in state politics. Her husband Sivasamy is a retired Chief Engineer at Port Blair Andaman. Their third daughter Rajeshwari is an IPS officer and DIG of police Tamil Nadu


Kakkan's brother Viswanathan Kakkan,<ref name="viswanathankakkan">{{cite news | last= | first= | title= Minister should go: Swamy | date=19 February 2006 | url =http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/02/19/stories/2006021906341000.htm | work =The Hindu:National | accessdate = 29 October 2008}}</ref><ref name="viswanathankakkan2">{{cite book | title=Race-Caste Untouchability RSS| last=Rao| first=K. Suryanarayana| year=2002| pages=22| publisher=Sakthi Pusthaga Nilayam }}</ref> an [[advocate]], was a former Vice-President of the [[Hindu Munnani]]<ref name="hindumunnanivp">{{cite book | title=Race-Caste Untouchability RSS| last=Rao| first=K. Suryanarayana| year=2002| pages=21| publisher=Sakthi Pusthaga Nilayam }}</ref> and a well-known devotee of the [[Shankaracharya]] of [[Kanchi matha|Kanchi]], [[Jayendra Saraswathi]].<ref name="jayendra_saraswathi_1">{{cite news | last=Das | first=Swati | title= Dalit group to protest Seer's arrest | date=23 December 2004 | url =http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/969168.cms | work =The Times of India | accessdate = 29 October 2008}}</ref><ref name="Jayendrar_worships">{{cite news | last=Annamalai | first=S. | title= Kanchi Acharya worships at Dalit-run temple | date=12 November 2002 | url =http://www.hvk.org/articles/1102/78.html | work =The Hindu | accessdate = 29 October 2008}}</ref> He unsuccessfully contested the 2006 Assembly election in Tamil Nadu from [[Perambur]] as a candidate of the [[Janata Party]].<ref name="viswanathankakkan_janataparty">{{Cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/election2006/pollupd/ac/candlwc/s22/s22jpacnst.htm|title=List of contestants of Janata Party in Tamil Nadu|accessdate=29 October 2008|publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|work=State Elections 2006 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080801135217/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/election2006/pollupd/ac/candlwc/s22/s22jpacnst.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 1 August 2008}}</ref><ref name="viswanathankakkan_2006electionresults">{{Cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/election2006/pollupd/ac/states/S22/Aconst05.htm |title=Results |accessdate=29 October 2008 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |work=State Elections 2006 Perambur – Tamil Nadu |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009092149/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/election2006/pollupd/ac/states/S22/Aconst05.htm |archivedate=9 October 2008 }}</ref>
Kakkan's brother Viswanathan Kakkan,<ref name="viswanathankakkan">{{cite news | title =Minister should go: Swamy | date =19 February 2006 | work =The Hindu:National }}</ref><ref name="viswanathankakkan2">{{cite book | title=Race-Caste Untouchability RSS| last=Rao| first=K. Suryanarayana| year=2002| pages=22| publisher=Sakthi Pusthaga Nilayam }}</ref> an [[advocate]], was a former Vice-President of the [[Hindu Munnani]]<ref name="hindumunnanivp">{{cite book | title=Race-Caste Untouchability RSS| last=Rao| first=K. Suryanarayana| year=2002| pages=21| publisher=Sakthi Pusthaga Nilayam }}</ref> and a well-known devotee of the [[Shankaracharya]] of [[Kanchi matha|Kanchi]], [[Jayendra Saraswathi]].<ref name="jayendra_saraswathi_1">{{cite news | last=Das | first=Swati | title= Dalit group to protest Seer's arrest | date=23 December 2004 | url =http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/969168.cms | work =The Times of India | access-date = 29 October 2008}}</ref><ref name="Jayendrar_worships">{{cite news | last=Annamalai | first=S. | title=Kanchi Acharya worships at Dalit-run temple | date=12 November 2002 | url=http://www.hvk.org/articles/1102/78.html | work=The Hindu | access-date=29 October 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123090647/http://www.hvk.org/articles/1102/78.html | archive-date=23 January 2008 | url-status=dead }}</ref> He unsuccessfully contested the 2006 Assembly election in Tamil Nadu from [[Perambur]] as a candidate of the [[Janata Party]].<ref name="viswanathankakkan_janataparty">{{Cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/election2006/pollupd/ac/candlwc/s22/s22jpacnst.htm|title=List of contestants of Janata Party in Tamil Nadu|access-date=29 October 2008|publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|work=State Elections 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080801135217/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/election2006/pollupd/ac/candlwc/s22/s22jpacnst.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 1 August 2008}}</ref><ref name="viswanathankakkan_2006electionresults">{{Cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/election2006/pollupd/ac/states/S22/Aconst05.htm |title=Results |access-date=29 October 2008 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |work=State Elections 2006 Perambur – Tamil Nadu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009092149/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/election2006/pollupd/ac/states/S22/Aconst05.htm |archive-date=9 October 2008 }}</ref>


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
Line 114: Line 117:
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1st Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu ministers]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu ministers]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:People from Madurai district]]
[[Category:People from Madurai district]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Madras MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:Madras MLAs 1952–1957]]

Latest revision as of 10:06, 17 November 2024

P. Kakkan
Minister for Home Affairs (Madras state)
In office
3 October 1963 – 5 March 1967
Minister of Agriculture (Madras state)
In office
13 March 1962 – 3 October 1963
Member of Madras Legislative Assembly for Samayanallur
In office
1962–1967
Minister of Public Works (Madras state)
In office
13 April 1957 – 13 March 1962
Member of Madras Legislative Assembly for Melur
In office
1957–1962
Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) for Madurai
In office
1951–1957
Prime MinisterPandit Jawaharlal Nehru
Preceded byNone
Succeeded byK. T. K. Thangamani
Member of Constituent Assembly
In office
1946–1950
MonarchGeorge VI of the United Kingdom
Prime MinisterPandit Jawaharlal Nehru
Preceded byNone
Succeeded byNone
Personal details
Born18 June 1908
Thumbaipatti, Melur, Madras Presidency, British India
Died23 December 1981(1981-12-23) (aged 73)
Madras, India
Political partyCongress
SpouseSwarnam Parvathi Kakkan
ProfessionPolitician

P. Kakkan (18 June 1908 – 23 December 1981), known as Kakkan, was an Indian politician and freedom fighter who served as a member of the Constituent Assembly of India, Member of Parliament, President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee and in various ministerial posts in Congress governments in the erstwhile Madras state between 1957 and 1967.

Early life

[edit]

Kakkan was born into a Tamil Paraiyar family on 18 June 1908 in a village called Thumbaipatti in Melur Taluk, Madurai district of Madras Presidency.[1] His father Poosari Kakkan was a priest in the village shrine.[2]

Indian independence movement

[edit]

Kakkan was drawn to the independence movement from an early stage in his life. While in school, he joined the Indian National Congress. When the state government brought forth the Temple Entry Authorisation and Indemnity Act in 1939, which removed restrictions on Paraiyar and Shanars entering temples, Kakkan led the temple entry at Madurai. He also participated in the Quit India Movement and was sent to Alipore jail. In 1946, he was elected to the Constituent Assembly[3] and served from 1946 to 1950.

Politics of Free India

[edit]

Kakkan served as a member of the Lok Sabha from 1952 to 1957.[4] When K. Kamaraj resigned as the President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee in order to take office as the Chief Minister of Madras state, Kakkan was elected as the President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee.[5][6][7] Following the 1957 elections when the Indian National Congress was re-elected to power in the Madras state, Kakkan was sworn in as the Minister for Public Works (excluding Electricity), Harijan Welfare, Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes on 13 April 1957.[8][9] From 13 March 1962 to 3 October 1963, Kakkan served as the Minister of Agriculture.[4] On 24 April 1962, he was appointed as a member of the Business Advisory Committee[10] and as Home Minister on 3 October 1963[4] and served till 1967 when the Indian National Congress was defeated in the Assembly elections.[11]

Later life and death

[edit]

In the 1967 Assembly elections, Kakkan stood for elections from Melur (South) constituency and lost to Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate O. P. Raman.[12] Following his defeat in the 1967 elections, Kakkan retired from politics.

Work

[edit]

Some of Kakkan's achievements as Minister have been the construction of the Mettur and Vaigai reservoirs[3] and the formation of the Harijan Seva Sangh for the upliftment and welfare of Scheduled Castes.[3] As Minister of Agriculture, he established two Agriculture Universities in Madras state.[3] In 1999, the Government of India released a postage stamp commemorating Kakkan and his contributions to the nation.[3]

Family

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Swarnam Parvathi Kakkan, his wife was a very simple person. She worked as a school teacher in Madurai. She was a great companion and supporter of his principles.

Children: He had five sons and one daughter. P K Padmanthan, his first son, served the Tamil Nadu Government as President and Registrar of Cooperative societies. He was married to Prof. V S Krishnakumari who is a paediatrician and worked as the Director of Institute of Child Health Egmore, Chennai (see Madras Medical College). His eldest granddaughter Meenakshi Vijayakumar is currently the Deputy Director in TN fire Services. She is one of the two woman fire officers recruited in Fire service in the country. His second granddaughter Shanthi Krishnan, works in the UK for the National Health Service.

His second son, P K Pakkiyanathan, worked for Simpson's Chennai. His third son, P K Kasiviswanathan, was an IPS officer who worked as Assistant commissioner of Police in Madurai. His fourth son, Dr. P K Sathyanathan served as Medical Officer in Tamil Nadu Municipal Service and retired. Dr. Sathyanathan's son S Anand is involved in politics and is now serving as State Research Chairman in Tamil Nadu Youth Congress. His last son is P K Nadarajamoorthy. His daughter Kasthuri Sivasamy was involved in state politics. Her husband Sivasamy is a retired Chief Engineer at Port Blair Andaman. Their third daughter Rajeshwari is an IPS officer and DIG of police Tamil Nadu

Kakkan's brother Viswanathan Kakkan,[13][14] an advocate, was a former Vice-President of the Hindu Munnani[15] and a well-known devotee of the Shankaracharya of Kanchi, Jayendra Saraswathi.[16][17] He unsuccessfully contested the 2006 Assembly election in Tamil Nadu from Perambur as a candidate of the Janata Party.[18][19]

Notes

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  1. ^ Chandra, Ramesh; Sangh Mittra (2003). Dalit Identity in the New Millennium. Commonwealth Publishers. p. 124. ISBN 978-81-7169-765-6.
  2. ^ Chandra, Ramesh; Sangh Mittra (2003). Dalit Identity in the New Millennium. Commonwealth Publishers. p. 125. ISBN 978-81-7169-765-6.
  3. ^ a b c d e "24. SPECIAL POSTAGE STAMP ON FREEDOM FIGHTERS AND SOCIAL REFORMERS". Latest PIB Releases. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  4. ^ a b c Who's who in India. Guide Publications. 1967. p. 64.
  5. ^ Muthuswamy, M. S. (1988). K. Kamaraj: A Socio-political Study. Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science. p. 101.
  6. ^ Narasimhan, V. K. (1967). Kamaraj: A Study. Manaktalas. p. 71.
  7. ^ "Kakkan is TNCC chief". The Hindu. 30 December 2004. Archived from the original on 15 January 2005. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  8. ^ "The Cabinet" (PDF). Madras Legislative Assembly 1957 – 1962. Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  9. ^ "Allocation of Business Among Ministers" (PDF). Madras Legislative Assembly 1957 – 1962. Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  10. ^ "Resume of work done by the Madras Legislative Assembly from March 29 to May 7, 1962" (PDF). Madras Legislative Assembly 1962 – 1967. Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  11. ^ Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir, 1968. Justice Party. 1968. p. 68.
  12. ^ "Statistical Report on General Election 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Madras" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2006. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
  13. ^ "Minister should go: Swamy". The Hindu:National. 19 February 2006.
  14. ^ Rao, K. Suryanarayana (2002). Race-Caste Untouchability RSS. Sakthi Pusthaga Nilayam. p. 22.
  15. ^ Rao, K. Suryanarayana (2002). Race-Caste Untouchability RSS. Sakthi Pusthaga Nilayam. p. 21.
  16. ^ Das, Swati (23 December 2004). "Dalit group to protest Seer's arrest". The Times of India. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  17. ^ Annamalai, S. (12 November 2002). "Kanchi Acharya worships at Dalit-run temple". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 23 January 2008. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  18. ^ "List of contestants of Janata Party in Tamil Nadu". State Elections 2006. Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. Archived from the original on 1 August 2008. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
  19. ^ "Results". State Elections 2006 Perambur – Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
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