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| conventional_long_name = Brihadratha dynasty
| conventional_long_name = Brihadratha dynasty
| common_name = Bṛhadratha
| common_name = Bṛhadratha
| year_start = unknown
| year_start = 1700 BCE
| year_end = unknown
| year_end = 700 BCE
| p1 = Copper Hoard Culture
| event_end = Assassination of [[Ripunjaya]]
| p2 = Janapada
| p1 = Mahabharatha
| p2 = Copper Hoard Culture
| p3 = Janapada
| s1 = Pradyota dynasty
| s1 = Pradyota dynasty
| s2 = Haryanka dynasty
| s2 = Haryanka dynasty
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| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| title_leader = [[List of monarchs of Magadha |King]]
| title_leader = [[List of monarchs of Magadha |King]]
| year_leader1 = 1700-1680 BCE
| year_leader1 = 1700–1680 BCE
| leader1 = [[Brihadratha]] (first ruler)
| leader1 = [[Brihadratha]] (first ruler)
| year_leader2 = {{Circa|732}}–682 BCE
| year_leader2 = 1680–1665 BCE
| leader2 = [[Ripunjaya]] (last ruler)
| leader2 = [[Jarasandha]]
| year_leader3 = 732–682 BCE
| leader3 = [[Ripunjaya]] (last ruler)
| today = [[India]]
| today = [[India]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
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| HDI_year =
| HDI_year =
}}
}}
{{History of India}}


The '''Brihadratha dynasty''' ({{Langx|sa|बृहद्रथ}}; [[IAST]]: Bṛhadratha) was the first dynasty of the [[Magadhan Empire|Magadha Empire]], according to the [[Puranas]], and was founded by [[Brihadratha]].<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=|pages=129-136}}
According to the Puranas, the '''Brihadratha dynasty''' ([[Sanskrit]]: बृहद्रथ; [[IAST]]: Bṛhadratha) was a legendary dynasty of [[Magadha]]. [[Brihadratha]] was the founder of the dynasty.<ref name="m">Misra, V.S. (2007). ''Ancient Indian Dynasties'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{ISBN|81-7276-413-8}}, pp.129–36.</ref> According to the [[Vishnu Purana]], [[Magadha]], mentioned in [[Atharvaveda]],<ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/80 80]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> was not only the most valuable{{clarify|richest? most strategically important?|date=May 2023}} kingdom in the [[Vedic period]] but was also the centre of civilization and power in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rise of Jarasandha of Brihadratha dynasty|url=https://www.jagran.com/spiritual/religion-story-of-jarasandh-15871132.html|website=[[jagran]]|access-date=2020-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007031319/http://www.jagran.com/spiritual/religion-story-of-jarasandh-15871132.html|archive-date=2017-10-07|url-status=live}}</ref>

The name of Brihadratha is found in the [[Rigveda]] (I.36.18, X.49.6).<ref>Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p.102.</ref> The [[Puranic]] sources say that the Brihadratha was the eldest son of [[Uparichara Vasu]]. According to the [[Ramayana]], Uparichara Vasu founded the Vasumati and [[Girivraja]], the capital of the dynasty.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Jarasandha was a very powerful king of Magadha and the history of his birth and activities is also very interesting - Vaniquotes|url = http://vaniquotes.org/wiki/Jarasandha_was_a_very_powerful_king_of_Magadha,_and_the_history_of_his_birth_and_activities_is_also_very_interesting|website = vaniquotes.org|access-date = 2020-06-23|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181129054415/https://vaniquotes.org/wiki/Jarasandha_was_a_very_powerful_king_of_Magadha,_and_the_history_of_his_birth_and_activities_is_also_very_interesting|archive-date = 29 November 2018|url-status = live}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=May 2023}}. Archaeological evidence for the specific kings of the dynasty is, however, lacking and they may be considered semi-legendary.


== History ==
== History ==
Line 46: Line 48:
{{main|Brihadratha}}
{{main|Brihadratha}}


According to the Puranas, Brihadratha (also Maharatha) was the king of Magadha and the founder of the Brihadratha dynasty. According to the [[Mahabharata]] and the [[Purana]], he was the eldest of the five sons of [[Uparichara Vasu]], the Kuru king of [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi]] and his queen was Girika.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Books |first=Kausiki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvxLEAAAQBAJ&dq=Uparichara+Vasu&pg=PT28 |title=Skanda Purana: Vaishnava Khanda: Vasudeva Mahatmya: English Translation only without Slokas |date=2021-10-24 |publisher=Kausiki Books |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref>
According to the Puranas, Brihadratha (also Maharatha) was the king of Magadha<ref name=":2">{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/80 80]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> and the founder of the Brihadratha dynasty. According to the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and the Purana, he was the eldest of the five sons of [[Uparichara Vasu]], the Kuru king of [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi]], and his queen was Girika.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvxLEAAAQBAJ&dq=Uparichara+Vasu&pg=PT28 |title=Skanda Purana: Vaishnava Khanda: Vasudeva Mahatmya: English Translation only without Slokas |date=2021-10-24 |publisher=Kausiki Books |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=July 2024|reason=Correct source, but wrong page or misattributed. Linked web source is not complete.}} The name 'Brihadratha' is found twice in the ''[[Rigveda]]'' (I.36.18, X.49.6); however, it is not indicated whether this refers to the father of Jarasandha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Raychaudhuri |first=Hemchandra |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282598/page/n89/mode/2up |title=Political History of Ancient India |publisher=University of Calcutta |year=1972 |location=Calcutta |pages=71 |chapter=Sixteen Mahājanapadas}}</ref>


=== Jarasandha ===
=== Jarasandha ===
{{main|Jarasandha}}
{{main|Jarasandha}}


Puranas mention that [[Jarasandha]] was the son of Sambhava,<ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/80 80]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> Mahabharatha states that Jarasandha was the son of Brihadratha and the greatest ruler of the dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gokhale|first=Namita|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DYnAgAAQBAJ&dq=jarasandha+birth&pg=PT62|title=The Puffin Mahabharata|date=2013-01-21|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-93-5118-415-7|language=en}}</ref> According to [[Sanskrit literature|ancient texts]] 24 Brihadratha kings ruled for many years.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Jarasandha was a very powerful king of Magadha, and the history of his birth and activities is also very interesting - Vaniquotes|url = http://vaniquotes.org/wiki/Jarasandha_was_a_very_powerful_king_of_Magadha,_and_the_history_of_his_birth_and_activities_is_also_very_interesting|website = vaniquotes.org|access-date = 2015-12-31}}</ref> However, the [[Vayu Purana]], [[Matsya Purana]] and [[Vishnu Purana]] disagree regarding the Brihadratha period of rule. The astronomical works based on the [[Vishnu Purana]] state that the Brihadratha dynasty lasted for 1000 years.<ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/80 80]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref>
The Puranas mention that [[Jarasandha]] was the son of Sambhava.<ref name=":2" />{{Failed verification|date=July 2024}} The ''Mahabharatha'' states that Jarasandha was the son of Brihadratha<ref name=":0" /> and the greatest ruler of the dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gokhale|first=Namita|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DYnAgAAQBAJ&dq=jarasandha+birth&pg=PT62|title=The Puffin Mahabharata|date=2013-01-21|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-93-5118-415-7|language=en}}</ref> According to [[Sanskrit literature|ancient texts]]{{Which|date=July 2024}}, 24 Brihadratha kings ruled for many years.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Jarasandha was a very powerful king of Magadha, and the history of his birth and activities is also very interesting - Vaniquotes|url = http://vaniquotes.org/wiki/Jarasandha_was_a_very_powerful_king_of_Magadha,_and_the_history_of_his_birth_and_activities_is_also_very_interesting|website = vaniquotes.org|access-date = 2015-12-31}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=July 2024}} However, the ''[[Vayu Purana]]'', ''[[Matsya Purana]]'', and ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'' disagree regarding the Brihadratha period of rule. The astronomical works based on the ''Vishnu Purana'' state that the Brihadratha dynasty lasted for 1,000 years.<ref name=":2" />{{Failed verification|date=July 2024|reason=Source (p.80) only gives bare definition of name 'Brihadratha'.}}


The name of Jarasandha appears in the Puranas many times. Jarasandha was inimical to the [[Yadava]] and is mentioned as a villain in the Mahabharata.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahabharat Episode 28: Jarasandha – Born Divided |url=https://isha.sadhguru.org/in/en/wisdom/article/mahabharat-jarasandha-born-divided |website=sadhguru.org |access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>
The name of Jarasandha appears in the Puranas many times. Jarasandha was inimical to the [[Yadava]] and is mentioned as a villain in the ''Mahabharata''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahabharat Episode 28: Jarasandha – Born Divided |url=https://isha.sadhguru.org/in/en/wisdom/article/mahabharat-jarasandha-born-divided |website=sadhguru.org |access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>


[[File: Bhima Slays Jarasandha.jpg|thumb|[[Bhima]] slays Jarasandha in a wrestling fight.]]
[[File: Bhima Slays Jarasandha.jpg|thumb|[[Bhima]] slays Jarasandha in a wrestling fight.]]
[[Bhima]], with the help of [[Krishna]], killed Jarasandha.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa |date=1990 |orig-date=1970 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788121500944 |edition=5th |url=https://www.mahabharataonline.com/translation/index.php}}</ref>
[[Bhima]], with the help of [[Krishna]], killed Jarasandha.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa |date=1990 |orig-date=1970 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788121500944 |edition=5th |url=https://www.mahabharataonline.com/translation/index.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gopal |first=Madan |url=http://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada |title=India through the ages |date=1990 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India |others=Public Resource |pages=101}}</ref>


=== Sahadeva ===
=== Sahadeva ===
{{main|Sahadeva of Magadha}}
{{main|Sahadeva of Magadha}}


According to scripture, [[Sahadeva of Magadha|Sahadeva]] was the son of Jarasandha placed on the throne of Magadha by the [[Pandava]] after the assassination of Jarasandha. Sahadeva has fought the [[Kurukshetra War]] on the side of the Pandavas. According to the Puranas, he was killed in the [[Kurukshetra War]] by [[Shakuni]] along with his cousin Jayadeva. He was succeeded by Somadhi.<ref>Misra, V.S. (2007). ''Ancient Indian Dynasties'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{ISBN|81-7276-413-8}}, p.290.</ref>
According to scripture, [[Sahadeva of Magadha|Sahadeva]] was the son of Jarasandha placed on the throne of Magadha by the [[Pandava]] after the assassination of Jarasandha. Sahadeva has fought the [[Kurukshetra War]] on the side of the Pandavas. According to the Puranas, he was killed in the Kurukshetra War by [[Shakuni]], along with his cousin Jayadeva. He was succeeded by Somadhi.<ref name=":1">{{cite book|last=Misra |first=V.S. |year=2007 |title=Ancient Indian Dynasties |location=Mumbai |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |jstor=41692138 |isbn=978-81-7276-413-5 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41692138}}</ref>{{Rp|page=290}}


=== Later rulers ===
=== Later rulers ===


Somadhi (or Somphi) was the son of Sahadeva and was placed on the throne of Magadha by the Pandavas after he agreed to be their [[subordinate]].<ref>Misra, V.S. (2007). ''Ancient Indian Dynasties'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{ISBN|81-7276-413-8}}, p.290.</ref>
Somadhi (or Somphi) was the son of Sahadeva and was placed on the throne of Magadha by the Pandavas after he agreed to be their [[subordinate]].<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=290}}


==End of dynasty==
==End of dynasty==


The last of the [[Brihadratha dynasty]] was [[Ripunjaya]], who was killed by a minister named Punika (Pulika). After the death of [[Ripunjaya]], Punika placed his son [[Pradyota]] on the throne and founded the [[Pradyota dynasty]] in 682&nbsp;BCE.<ref>Misra, V.S. (2007). ''Ancient Indian Dynasties'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{ISBN|81-7276-413-8}}, p. 300.</ref>
The last of the Brihadratha dynasty was [[Ripunjaya]], who was killed by a minister named Punika (Pulika). After the death of Ripunjaya, Punika placed his son [[Pradyota]] on the throne and founded the [[Pradyota dynasty]] in 682&nbsp;BCE.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=300}}


==List of rulers==
==List of rulers==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Brihadratha dynasty rulers according to the Vayu Purana
|+List of Brihadratha dynasty rulers according to the Vayu Purana{{Source needed|date=July 2024}}
!Ruler
!Ruler
!Reign (BCE)
!Reign (BCE)
!Length of Reign (estd.)
|-
|-
| [[Brihadratha]] ||1700–1680 BCE
| [[Brihadratha]] ||1700–1680 BCE
|20
|-
|-
| [[Jarasandha]] || 1680–1665 BCE
| [[Jarasandha]] || 1680–1665 BCE
|15
|-
|-
| [[Sahadeva of Magadha|Sahadeva]] || 1665–1661 BCE
| [[Sahadeva of Magadha|Sahadeva]] || 1665–1661 BCE
|4
|-
|-
| Somadhi || 1661–1603 BCE
| Somadhi || 1661–1603 BCE
|58
|-
|-
| Srutasravas || 1603–1539 BCE
| Srutasravas || 1603–1539 BCE
|64
|-
|-
| Ayutayus || 1539–1503 BCE
| Ayutayus || 1539–1503 BCE
|36
|-
|-
| Niramitra || 1503–1463 BCE
| Niramitra || 1503–1463 BCE
|40
|-
|-
| Sukshatra || 1463–1405 BCE
| Sukshatra || 1463–1405 BCE
|58
|-
|-
| Brihatkarman || 1405–1382 BCE
| Brihatkarman || 1405–1382 BCE
|23
|-
|-
| Senajit || 1382–1332 BCE
| Senajit || 1382–1332 BCE
|50
|-
|-
| Srutanjaya || 1332–1292 BCE
| Srutanjaya || 1332–1292 BCE
|40
|-
|-
| Vipra || 1292–1257 BCE
| Vipra || 1292–1257 BCE
|35
|-
|-
| Suchi || 1257–1199 BCE
| Suchi || 1257–1199 BCE
|60
|-
|-
| Kshemya || 1199–1171 BCE
| Kshemya || 1199–1171 BCE
|26
|-
|-
| Subrata || 1171–1107 BCE
| Subrata || 1171–1107 BCE
|64
|-
|-
| Dharma || 1107–1043 BCE
| Dharma || 1107–1043 BCE
|64
|-
|-
| Susuma || 1043–970 BCE
| Susuma || 1043–970 BCE
|73
|-
|-
| Dridhasena || 970–912 BCE
| Dridhasena || 970–912 BCE
|58
|-
|-
| Sumati || 912–879 BCE
| Sumati || 912–879 BCE
|33
|-
|-
| Subala || 879–857 BCE
| Subala || 879–857 BCE
|22
|-
|-
| Sunita || 857–817 BCE
| Sunita || 857–817 BCE
|40
|-
|-
| Satyajit || 817–767 BCE
| Satyajit || 817–767 BCE
|50
|-
|-
| Viswajit || 767–732 BCE
| Viswajit || 767–732 BCE
|35
|-
|-
| [[Ripunjaya]] || 732–682 BCE
| [[Ripunjaya]] || 732–682 BCE
|50
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 15:12, 17 November 2024

Brihadratha dynasty
1700 BCE–700 BCE
Magadha in 1100 BCE ruled by the Brihadratha dynasty, in the north-eastern region
Magadha in 1100 BCE ruled by the Brihadratha dynasty, in the north-eastern region
CapitalGirivraja
Common languagesVedic Sanskrit
Religion
Hinduism
GovernmentMonarchy
King 
• 1700–1680 BCE
Brihadratha (first ruler)
• 1680–1665 BCE
Jarasandha
• 732–682 BCE
Ripunjaya (last ruler)
History 
• Established
1700 BCE
• Assassination of Ripunjaya
700 BCE
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Mahabharatha
Copper Hoard Culture
Janapada
Pradyota dynasty
Haryanka dynasty
Mahajanapada
Today part ofIndia
Part of a series on the
History of India
Timeline
Prehistoric
Ancient
Classical
Early medieval
Late medieval
Early modern
Modern
Related articles

The Brihadratha dynasty (Sanskrit: बृहद्रथ; IAST: Bṛhadratha) was the first dynasty of the Magadha Empire, according to the Puranas, and was founded by Brihadratha.[1]: 129–136 

History

[edit]

Brihadratha

[edit]
Main article: Brihadratha

According to the Puranas, Brihadratha (also Maharatha) was the king of Magadha[2] and the founder of the Brihadratha dynasty. According to the Mahabharata and the Purana, he was the eldest of the five sons of Uparichara Vasu, the Kuru king of Chedi, and his queen was Girika.[3][failed verification] The name 'Brihadratha' is found twice in the Rigveda (I.36.18, X.49.6); however, it is not indicated whether this refers to the father of Jarasandha.[4]

Jarasandha

[edit]
Main article: Jarasandha

The Puranas mention that Jarasandha was the son of Sambhava.[2][failed verification] The Mahabharatha states that Jarasandha was the son of Brihadratha[4] and the greatest ruler of the dynasty.[5] According to ancient texts[which?], 24 Brihadratha kings ruled for many years.[6][failed verification] However, the Vayu Purana, Matsya Purana, and Vishnu Purana disagree regarding the Brihadratha period of rule. The astronomical works based on the Vishnu Purana state that the Brihadratha dynasty lasted for 1,000 years.[2][failed verification]

The name of Jarasandha appears in the Puranas many times. Jarasandha was inimical to the Yadava and is mentioned as a villain in the Mahabharata.[7]

Bhima slays Jarasandha in a wrestling fight.

Bhima, with the help of Krishna, killed Jarasandha.[8][9]

Sahadeva

[edit]
Main article: Sahadeva of Magadha

According to scripture, Sahadeva was the son of Jarasandha placed on the throne of Magadha by the Pandava after the assassination of Jarasandha. Sahadeva has fought the Kurukshetra War on the side of the Pandavas. According to the Puranas, he was killed in the Kurukshetra War by Shakuni, along with his cousin Jayadeva. He was succeeded by Somadhi.[1]: 290 

Later rulers

[edit]

Somadhi (or Somphi) was the son of Sahadeva and was placed on the throne of Magadha by the Pandavas after he agreed to be their subordinate.[1]: 290 

End of dynasty

[edit]

The last of the Brihadratha dynasty was Ripunjaya, who was killed by a minister named Punika (Pulika). After the death of Ripunjaya, Punika placed his son Pradyota on the throne and founded the Pradyota dynasty in 682 BCE.[1]: 300 

List of rulers

[edit]
List of Brihadratha dynasty rulers according to the Vayu Purana[citation needed]
Ruler Reign (BCE) Length of Reign (estd.)
Brihadratha 1700–1680 BCE 20
Jarasandha 1680–1665 BCE 15
Sahadeva 1665–1661 BCE 4
Somadhi 1661–1603 BCE 58
Srutasravas 1603–1539 BCE 64
Ayutayus 1539–1503 BCE 36
Niramitra 1503–1463 BCE 40
Sukshatra 1463–1405 BCE 58
Brihatkarman 1405–1382 BCE 23
Senajit 1382–1332 BCE 50
Srutanjaya 1332–1292 BCE 40
Vipra 1292–1257 BCE 35
Suchi 1257–1199 BCE 60
Kshemya 1199–1171 BCE 26
Subrata 1171–1107 BCE 64
Dharma 1107–1043 BCE 64
Susuma 1043–970 BCE 73
Dridhasena 970–912 BCE 58
Sumati 912–879 BCE 33
Subala 879–857 BCE 22
Sunita 857–817 BCE 40
Satyajit 817–767 BCE 50
Viswajit 767–732 BCE 35
Ripunjaya 732–682 BCE 50

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Misra, V.S. (2007). Ancient Indian Dynasties. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. ISBN 978-81-7276-413-5. JSTOR 41692138.
  2. ^ a b c Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 80.
  3. ^ Skanda Purana: Vaishnava Khanda: Vasudeva Mahatmya: English Translation only without Slokas. Kausiki Books. 24 October 2021. p. 28.
  4. ^ a b Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (1972). "Sixteen Mahājanapadas". Political History of Ancient India. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. p. 71.
  5. ^ Gokhale, Namita (21 January 2013). The Puffin Mahabharata. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-93-5118-415-7.
  6. ^ "Jarasandha was a very powerful king of Magadha, and the history of his birth and activities is also very interesting - Vaniquotes". vaniquotes.org. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  7. ^ "Mahabharat Episode 28: Jarasandha – Born Divided". sadhguru.org. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  8. ^ The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (5th ed.). New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. 1990 [1970]. ISBN 9788121500944.
  9. ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). India through the ages. Public Resource. Publications Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 101.
Preceded by Brihadratha dynasty
1700 BCE[citation needed] – 682 BCE 		Succeeded by
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