Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty: Difference between revisions

Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty
	National anthem of Uganda
Lyrics	George Wilberforce Kakoma, 1962
Music	George Wilberforce Kakoma, 1962
Adopted	October 1962; 62 years ago
Preceded by	"God Save the Queen"
Audio sample
	U.S. Navy Band instrumental version (one verse) file; help;

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"Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty" is the national anthem of Uganda. George Wilberforce Kakoma composed the music and authored the lyrics. It was adopted as the national anthem in 1962, when the country gained independence from the United Kingdom. It is musically one of the shortest national anthems in the world. Consequently, multiple verses are sung when it is performed in public.

History

From 1894 until the height of decolonisation during the 1960s, Uganda was a protectorate of the United Kingdom within its colonial empire.^[1]^[2] In the run up to independence, a subcommittee was formed to determine an anthem for the forthcoming state.^[3] It proceeded to hold a nationwide contest,^[4] with the criteria they stipulated for the anthem being that it should be "short, original, solemn, praising and looking forward to the future".^[3]

In the end, the lyrics and tune composed by George Wilberforce Kakoma were selected in July 1962.^[3] He wrote the anthem in one day, having listened on Radio Uganda the night before about how none of the entries received so far had been deemed suitable by the subcommittee.^[3] His entry was one of four that was shortlisted.^[5] The song was officially adopted in 1962, the year the country gained independence.^[4]^[6] The first public occasion where the anthem was played was at the celebrations marking independence on 9 October 1962.^[1]^[5]

Kakoma subsequently sued the government in 2008, claiming that he was never adequately remunerated and thus had rights to over four decades of royalty payments.^[5]^[7] He alleged that the government gave him a mere USh.2,000/=,^[5]^[7] equivalent to less than £1 in 2008, as a "token of thanks".^[7] Kakoma died before the country's Court of Appeal dismissed the case in 2019, finding that the anthem's copyright vested in the government and not the author.^[5]

Lyrics

In national languages

English lyrics^[4]^[8]	Luganda lyrics^[9]	Swahili lyrics
I Oh, Uganda! May God uphold thee, We lay our future in thy hand; United, free for liberty together we'll always stand. II Oh, Uganda! The land of freedom, Our love and labour we give; And with neighbours all at our country's call In peace and friendship we'll live. III Oh, Uganda! The land that feeds us, By sun and fertile soil grown; For our own dear land, we shall always stand, The Pearl of Africa's Crown.	I O Yuganda! Katonda akuwanirire, Tussa eby'omumaso byaffe mu mikono gyo, Mu bwegassi n'obuteefu, ku lw'obumu, Tujjanga bulijjo kuyimirirawo! II O Yuganda! Ensi y'eddembe, Okwagala n'okulusana tubikuwa, Ne baliraanwa baffe boona, lw'omulanga gwensi yaffe, Mu mirembe n'omukwano tunaberawo! III O Yuganda! Ensi etuliisa, Lw'omusana n'obugimu bw'ettaka, Lw'obugazi bw'ensi yaffe, tujja kuyimirira bulijjo, Ekimasa ky'amakula ga Afirika!	I Loo, Uganda! Mungu akusimamie, Tunaweka mustakabali wetu mikononi mwako; Umoja, bure kwa uhuru pamoja tutasimama daima. II Loo, Uganda! Ardhi ya uhuru, Tunatoa upendo wetu na kazi yetu; Na pamoja na majirani wote katika wito wa nchi yetu Kwa amani na urafiki tutaishi. III Loo, Uganda! Ardhi ambayo hutulisha, Kwa jua na mchanga wenye rutuba uliopandwa; Kwa ardhi yetu mpendwa, tutasimama daima, Lulu ya Taji ya Afrika.

In local languages

Along with the Luganda and Swahili translations, the national anthem has also been translated into several other local languages.^[10]

Composition

At only eight bars long,^[A] "Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty" is musically one of the shortest national anthems in the world,^[14]^[15] together with Japan's anthem.^[16] Both Michael Bristow, the editor of the book National Anthems of the World,^[17] and Philip Sheppard have identified Uganda's national anthem as the shortest.^[18]^[19] As a result, multiple verses are typically sung when it is performed at public events like international football games.^[14]^[20]

Notes

^ Some sources incorrectly state that the anthem is nine bars long.^[11]^[12] This is because the pickup bar at the beginning of the song is only a partial measure and thus not counted as a complete bar.^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b Ingham, Kenneth; Lyons, Maryinez (25 February 2020). "Uganda – History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
^ "Uganda country profile". BBC News. BBC. 10 May 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Musisi, Charles (9 October 2003). "Kakoma composed the anthem in a day". New Vision. Kampala. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c Minahan, James B. (23 December 2009). The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 929. ISBN 9780313344978.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Karugaba, Phillip; Kakongi, Tracy (15 August 2019). "Uganda: Copyright In The National Anthem". ENSafrica. Mondaq. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
^ "Uganda". The World Factbook. CIA. 29 June 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c Michaels, Sean (3 October 2008). "Composer demands royalties from Uganda national anthem". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
^ "The National Anthem of Uganda". Embassy of the Republic of Uganda in Japan. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Uganda. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
^ Wambi Gulere, Cornelius. Oluyimba olwe Ggwanga Yuganda – The Ugandan National Anthem in Luganda (in Ganda). p. 4.
^ Gulere, Cornelius W. (8 October 1998). Ugandan National Anthem Translated into 25 Languages.
^ Hanks, Mark (30 April 2012). Usefully Useless: Everything you'd Never Learn at School (But May Like to Know). Random House. p. 28. ISBN 9781407074238.
^ The Big World of Fun Facts. Lonely Planet. 1 November 2019. p. 18. ISBN 9781788686570.
^ Feist, Jonathan (1 May 2017). Berklee Contemporary Music Notation. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 47. ISBN 9781540013002.
^ ^a ^b Sherwin, Adam (26 September 2011). "An Olympian challenge: To record all 205 national anthems". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
^ Walker, Peter (18 July 2012). "London 2012 podium planners fight the fear of the upside-down flag". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
^ "Ten things about national anthems". Mail & Guardian. Johannesburg. 21 September 2012. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
^ Bristow, M. J. (2006). National Anthems of the World. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 9781540013002.
^ Spencer, Clare (27 July 2011). "Is the British national anthem too short?". BBC News Magazine. BBC. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
^ "An Olympian anthem arrangement". BBC Radio 4 Today. BBC. 1 March 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
^ Wulf, Steve (15 August 2012). "Uganda team finally arrives at LLWS". ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

External links

[14] Some sources incorrectly state that the anthem is nine bars long.^[11]^[12] This is because the pickup bar at the beginning of the song is only a partial measure and thus not counted as a complete bar.^[13]

[EBhist-1] Ingham, Kenneth; Lyons, Maryinez (25 February 2020). "Uganda – History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 14 July 2020.

[2] "Uganda country profile". BBC News. BBC. 10 May 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2020.

[Musisi-3] Musisi, Charles (9 October 2003). "Kakoma composed the anthem in a day". New Vision. Kampala. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.

[Minahan-4] Minahan, James B. (23 December 2009). The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 929. ISBN 9780313344978.

[Karugaba_and_Kakongi-5] Karugaba, Phillip; Kakongi, Tracy (15 August 2019). "Uganda: Copyright In The National Anthem". ENSafrica. Mondaq. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

[CIA-6] "Uganda". The World Factbook. CIA. 29 June 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.

[Michaels-7] Michaels, Sean (3 October 2008). "Composer demands royalties from Uganda national anthem". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

[8] "The National Anthem of Uganda". Embassy of the Republic of Uganda in Japan. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Uganda. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

[9] Wambi Gulere, Cornelius. Oluyimba olwe Ggwanga Yuganda – The Ugandan National Anthem in Luganda (in Ganda). p. 4.

[10] Gulere, Cornelius W. (8 October 1998). Ugandan National Anthem Translated into 25 Languages.

[11] Hanks, Mark (30 April 2012). Usefully Useless: Everything you'd Never Learn at School (But May Like to Know). Random House. p. 28. ISBN 9781407074238.

[12] The Big World of Fun Facts. Lonely Planet. 1 November 2019. p. 18. ISBN 9781788686570.

[13] Feist, Jonathan (1 May 2017). Berklee Contemporary Music Notation. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 47. ISBN 9781540013002.

[Sherwin-15] Sherwin, Adam (26 September 2011). "An Olympian challenge: To record all 205 national anthems". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

[16] Walker, Peter (18 July 2012). "London 2012 podium planners fight the fear of the upside-down flag". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

[17] "Ten things about national anthems". Mail & Guardian. Johannesburg. 21 September 2012. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

[18] Bristow, M. J. (2006). National Anthems of the World. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 9781540013002.

[19] Spencer, Clare (27 July 2011). "Is the British national anthem too short?". BBC News Magazine. BBC. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

[20] "An Olympian anthem arrangement". BBC Radio 4 Today. BBC. 1 March 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

[21] Wulf, Steve (15 August 2012). "Uganda team finally arrives at LLWS". ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

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@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 From 1894 until the height of [[Decolonisation of Africa|decolonisation]] during the 1960s, [[Uganda Protectorate|Uganda]] was a [[Protectorate of Uganda|protectorate]] of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] within [[British Empire|its colonial empire]].<ref name=EBhist>{{cite encyclopedia|first1=Kenneth|last1=Ingham|first2=Maryinez|last2=Lyons|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|title=Uganda – History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Uganda/Bunyoro-and-Buganda#ref37624|date=25 February 2020|access-date=14 July 2020|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda country profile|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14107906|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=10 May 2018|access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref> In the run up to independence, a subcommittee was formed to determine an anthem for the forthcoming state.<ref name=Musisi>{{cite news|title=Kakoma composed the anthem in a day|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1300764/kakoma-composed-anthem-day|first=Charles|last=Musisi|date=9 October 2003|access-date=14 July 2020|newspaper=New Vision|location=Kampala|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715204310/https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1300764/kakoma-composed-anthem-day|archive-date=15 July 2020}}</ref> It proceeded to hold a nationwide contest,<ref name=Minahan>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfrWCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA929|title=The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems|volume=1|publisher=ABC-CLIO|date=23 December 2009|last=Minahan|first=James B.|page=929|isbn=9780313344978}}</ref> with the criteria they stipulated for the anthem being that it should be "short, original, solemn, praising and looking forward to the future".<ref name=Musisi/>
-In the end, the lyrics and tune composed by [[George Wilberforce Kakoma]] were selected in July 1962.<ref name=Musisi/> He wrote the anthem in one day, having listened on [[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|Radio Uganda]] the night before about how none of the entries received so far had been deemed suitable by the subcommittee.<ref name=Musisi/> His entry was one of four that was shortlisted.<ref name="Karugaba and Kakongi">{{cite news|title=Uganda: Copyright In The National Anthem|url=https://www.mondaq.com/copyright/834790/copyright-in-the-national-anthem|first1=Phillip|last1=Karugaba|first2=Tracy|last2=Kakongi|date=15 August 2019|access-date=15 July 2020|work=ENSafrica|publisher=Mondaq|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715233002/https://www.mondaq.com/copyright/834790/copyright-in-the-national-anthem|archive-date=15 July 2020}}</ref> The song was officially adopted in 1962, the year the country gained independence.<ref name=Minahan/><ref name=CIA>{{cite web|title=Uganda|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/|date=29 June 2020|access-date=14 July 2020|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA}}</ref> The first public occasion where the anthem was played was at the celebrations marking independence on 9 October 1962.<ref name=EBhist/><ref name="Karugaba and Kakongi"/>
+In the end, the lyrics and tune composed by [[George Wilberforce Kakoma]] were selected in July 1962.<ref name=Musisi/> He wrote the anthem in one day, having listened on [[Radio Uganda]] the night before about how none of the entries received so far had been deemed suitable by the subcommittee.<ref name=Musisi/> His entry was one of four that was shortlisted.<ref name="Karugaba and Kakongi">{{cite news|title=Uganda: Copyright In The National Anthem|url=https://www.mondaq.com/copyright/834790/copyright-in-the-national-anthem|first1=Phillip|last1=Karugaba|first2=Tracy|last2=Kakongi|date=15 August 2019|access-date=15 July 2020|work=ENSafrica|publisher=Mondaq|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715233002/https://www.mondaq.com/copyright/834790/copyright-in-the-national-anthem|archive-date=15 July 2020}}</ref> The song was officially adopted in 1962, the year the country gained independence.<ref name=Minahan/><ref name=CIA>{{cite web|title=Uganda|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/|date=29 June 2020|access-date=14 July 2020|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA}}</ref> The first public occasion where the anthem was played was at the celebrations marking independence on 9 October 1962.<ref name=EBhist/><ref name="Karugaba and Kakongi"/>
 Kakoma subsequently sued the government in 2008, claiming that he was never adequately remunerated and thus had rights to over four decades of [[royalty payment]]s.<ref name="Karugaba and Kakongi"/><ref name=Michaels>{{cite news|title=Composer demands royalties from Uganda national anthem|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/oct/03/uganda.national.anthem.composer|first=Sean|last=Michaels|date=3 October 2008|access-date=15 July 2020|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London}}</ref> He alleged that the government gave him a mere [[Ugandan shilling|USh.]]2,000/=,<ref name="Karugaba and Kakongi"/><ref name=Michaels/> equivalent to less than [[Pound sterling|£]]1 in 2008, as a "token of thanks".<ref name=Michaels/> Kakoma died before the [[Court of Appeal of Uganda|country's Court of Appeal]] dismissed the case in 2019, finding that the anthem's copyright vested in the government and not the author.<ref name="Karugaba and Kakongi"/>
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
 !English lyrics<ref name=Minahan/><ref>{{cite web|title=The National Anthem of Uganda|url=http://www.uganda-embassy.jp/anthem.html|access-date=15 July 2020|work=Embassy of the Republic of Uganda in Japan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Uganda|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715093217/http://www.uganda-embassy.jp/anthem.html|archive-date=15 July 2020}}</ref>
-![[Luganda]] lyrics<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/7590095/Oluyimba_olwe_Ggwanga_Yuganda_National_Anthem_of_Uganda_in_Luganda|title=Oluyimba olwe Ggwanga Yuganda - The Ugandan National Anthem in Luganda|author=Wambi Gulere, Cornelius|page=4|lang=lg}}</ref>
+![[Luganda]] lyrics<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/7590095|title=Oluyimba olwe Ggwanga Yuganda – The Ugandan National Anthem in Luganda|author=Wambi Gulere, Cornelius|page=4|lang=lg}}</ref>
 ![[Swahili language|Swahili]] lyrics
 |- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 ===In local languages===
 {{Wikisourcelang}}
-Along with the Luganda and Swahili translations, the national anthem has also been translated into several other [[languages of Uganda|local languages]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/1303526/National_Anthem_of_Uganda_translated_into_25_Languages|title=Ugandan National Anthem Translated into 25 Languages}}</ref>
+Along with the Luganda and Swahili translations, the national anthem has also been translated into several other [[languages of Uganda|local languages]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/1303526|title=Ugandan National Anthem Translated into 25 Languages|date=8 October 1998 |last1=Gulere |first1=Cornelius W. }}</ref>
 ==Composition==
@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 ==External links==
-*[http://nationalanthems.me/uganda-oh-uganda-land-of-beauty/ Uganda: ''Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty'' - Audio of the national anthem of Uganda, with information and lyrics] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180528183213/http://nationalanthems.me/uganda-oh-uganda-land-of-beauty/ archive link])
+*[http://nationalanthems.me/uganda-oh-uganda-land-of-beauty/ Uganda: ''Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty'' – Audio of the national anthem of Uganda, with information and lyrics] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180528183213/http://nationalanthems.me/uganda-oh-uganda-land-of-beauty/ archive link])
 *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110604144343/http://www.nationalanthems.info/ug.mid ''Pearl of Africa'' MIDI]
 {{Wikisource}}
@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Oh Uganda, Land Of Beauty}}
-[[Category:Ugandan music]]
+[[Category:Music of Uganda]]
 [[Category:National symbols of Uganda]]
 [[Category:African anthems]]
-[[Category:National anthem compositions in G major]]
 [[Category:Songs involved in royalties controversies]]
 [[Category:1962 songs]]
+[[Category:Compositions in A major]]

v t e National and regional anthems of Africa
Current national and regional anthems	Algeria Angola Ankole Benin Botswana Buganda Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Réunion Rwanda Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Somaliland Saint Helena South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
Former national and regional anthems	Bophuthatswana (1977–1994) Ciskei (1981–1994) Comoros (1975–1978) Congo Free State (1885–1908) People's Republic of the Congo (1970–1990) Biafra (1967–1970) Egypt (1871–1922, 1936–1958) Egypt (1922–1936) Egypt (1971–1979) Ethiopia (1930–1975) Ethiopia (1975–1992) Gazankulu (1973–1994) Katanga (1960–1963) Libya (1969–1972) Libya (1972–2011) Mali Federation (1960) Mauritania (1960–2017) Mozambique (1975–2002) Namibia (1990–1991) Niger (1961–2023) Nigeria (1978–2024) Orange Free State (1854–1902) Rhodesia (1974–1979) Rwanda (1962–2002) Seychelles (1976–1978) Seychelles (1978–1996) Somalia (1960–2000) Somalia (2000–2012) Somaliland South Africa (1910–1957) South Africa (1938–1997) South Africa (1994–1997) Southern Rhodesia (1979–1980) Togo (1979–1992) Transkei (1976–1994) Transvaal (1875–1877, 1881–1902, 1914–1915) Tunisia (1846–1957) Tunisia (1957–1987) United Arab Republic (1958–1971) Upper Volta (1960–1984) Venda (1979–1994) Zaire (1971–1997) Zambia (1964–1973) Zimbabwe (1980–1994)
Organisations	African Union East African Community
Italics denotes unrecognized, partially-recognized, or non-sovereign entities.