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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} |
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{{Infobox UK place |
{{Infobox UK place |
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|country= Scotland |
| country = Scotland |
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|official_name= Kinlochleven |
| official_name = Kinlochleven |
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|scots_name= |
| scots_name = |
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|gaelic_name= Ceann Loch Lìobhann |
| gaelic_name = Ceann Loch Lìobhann |
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|static_image_name= Kinlochleven.jpg |
| static_image_name = Kinlochleven.jpg |
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|static_image_caption= Kinlochleven |
| static_image_caption = Kinlochleven |
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| population = {{Scottish locality populations|name|POP=Kinlochleven}} |
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|population= |
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| population_ref = ({{United Kingdom statistics year|ScotSettlement}})<ref>{{Scotland settlement population citation}}</ref> |
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|os_grid_reference= NN186618 |
| os_grid_reference = NN186618 |
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|map_type= Lochaber |
| map_type = Lochaber |
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|coordinates= {{coord|56.713248|-4.965287|display=inline,title}} |
| coordinates = {{coord|56.713248|-4.965287|display=inline,title}} |
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|unitary_scotland= [[Highland (council area)|Highland]] |
| unitary_scotland = [[Highland (council area)|Highland]] |
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|lieutenancy_scotland= |
| lieutenancy_scotland = |
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|constituency_westminster= [[Ross, Skye and Lochaber (UK Parliament constituency)|Ross, Skye and Lochaber]] |
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| |
| constituency_westminster = [[Ross, Skye and Lochaber (UK Parliament constituency)|Ross, Skye and Lochaber]] |
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| constituency_scottish_parliament = [[Skye, Lochaber and Badenoch (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Skye, Lochaber and Badenoch]] |
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|post_town= KINLOCHLEVEN |
| post_town = KINLOCHLEVEN |
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|postcode_district= PH50 |
| postcode_district = PH50 |
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|postcode_area= PH |
| postcode_area = PH |
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|dial_code= 01855 |
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| dial_code = 01855 |
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}} |
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'''Kinlochleven''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|I|n|l|ɒ|x|'|l|i:|v|ən}}) ({{ |
'''Kinlochleven''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|I|n|l|ɒ|x|'|l|i:|v|ən}}) ({{langx|gd|Ceann Loch Lìobhann}}) is a coastal village located in [[Lochaber]], in the [[Scottish Highlands]] and lies at the eastern end of [[Loch Leven (Highlands)|Loch Leven]]. To the north lie the [[Mamores]] ridge; to the south lie the mountains flanking [[Glen Coe]]. |
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The village was formed from two previously separate small communities |
The village was formed from two previously separate small communities – Kinlochmore to the north of the River Leven in Inverness-shire and Kinlochbeg to the south of the Leven in Argyll – following the construction of an [[aluminium]] smelter and associated housing for its employees. The processing plant was powered by a [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] scheme situated in the mountains above,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kinlochleven.co.uk/history.asp |title=History |work=kinlochleven.co.uk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219042141/http://www.kinlochleven.co.uk/history.asp |archive-date=2011-12-19 }}</ref> and made Kinlochleven the first village in the world to have every house connected to electricity, coining the phrase "The Electric Village".<ref name="visit-fortwilliam.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://visit-fortwilliam.co.uk/rio-tinto-alcan-aluminium-smelter-in-fort-william-at-rio-tinto-alcan-works|title=About Ben Nevis in Fort William Scotland|work=visit-fortwilliam.co.uk}}</ref> In 1991, the village (according to annual census returns) had just over 1000 inhabitants in some 420 households. Today it is a notable tourist destination and centre for mountain pursuits. |
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==Smelter== |
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{{Main|Kinlochleven hydroelectric scheme}} |
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Work on the dam and water supply system began in 1905 and was completed in 1907. The hydro-electric scheme was constructed for the [[British Aluminium Company]] and was designed by engineer brothers [[Patrick Meik|Patrick]] and [[Charles Meik]]. The chief assistant resident engineer on the project was a young [[William Halcrow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kinlochleven.co.uk/|title=Kinlochleven Community Trust, Argyll, Highlands of Scotland|work=kinlochleven.co.uk}}</ref> The scheme involved the construction of a [[gravity dam]] over 914 m long (the longest in the Highlands) and 27 m high, creating the [[Blackwater Reservoir]]. It was built at an elevation of over 305 m in rugged and almost inaccessible terrain, and involved the construction of some 6 km of concrete [[aqueduct (watercourse)|aqueduct]] and nearly 13 km of steel pipe. It has been described as the last major creation of the traditional '[[navvy]]' whose activities in the construction of canals and railways left an indelible mark on the British countryside. |
Work on the dam and water supply system began in 1905 and was completed in 1907. The hydro-electric scheme was constructed for the [[British Aluminium Company]] and was designed by engineer brothers [[Patrick Meik|Patrick]] and [[Charles Meik]]. The chief assistant resident engineer on the project was a young [[William Halcrow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kinlochleven.co.uk/|title=Kinlochleven Community Trust, Argyll, Highlands of Scotland|work=kinlochleven.co.uk}}</ref> The scheme involved the construction of a [[gravity dam]] over 914 m long (the longest in the Highlands) and 27 m high, creating the [[Blackwater Reservoir]]. It was built at an elevation of over 305 m in rugged and almost inaccessible terrain, and involved the construction of some 6 km of concrete [[aqueduct (watercourse)|aqueduct]] and nearly 13 km of steel pipe. It has been described as the last major creation of the traditional '[[navvy]]' whose activities in the construction of canals and railways left an indelible mark on the British countryside. |
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The construction of the Blackwater Dam and the associated aluminium smelter featured in the novel ''Children of the Dead End'' by [[Patrick MacGill]] who worked on the project as a navvie.<ref>[http://www.list.co.uk/article/2742-patrick-macgill-children-of-the-dead-end-1914/ Patrick MacGill - Children of the Dead End (1914)]. Accessed: 28 July 2019.</ref> Some incidents in the book were based on actual characters and events on the Blackwater site; for example, one morning a worker drove his pick into a rock, inadvertently hitting a buried explosive charge which drove his pick into his neck and killed him. This incident was recorded as happening to an Inverness man in April 1908.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hutton|first=Guthrie|title=Old Kinlochleven|year=2012|publisher=Stenlake Publishing|location=Catrine, Ayrshire|isbn=9781840336030|page=11|url=http://www.stenlake.co.uk/books/view_book.php?ref=714}}</ref> |
The construction of the Blackwater Dam and the associated aluminium smelter featured in the novel ''Children of the Dead End'' by [[Patrick MacGill]] who worked on the project as a navvie.<ref>[http://www.list.co.uk/article/2742-patrick-macgill-children-of-the-dead-end-1914/ Patrick MacGill - Children of the Dead End (1914)]. Accessed: 28 July 2019.</ref> Some incidents in the book were based on actual characters and events on the Blackwater site; for example, one morning a worker drove his pick into a rock, inadvertently hitting a buried explosive charge which drove his pick into his neck and killed him. This incident was recorded as happening to an Inverness man in April 1908.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hutton|first=Guthrie|title=Old Kinlochleven|year=2012|publisher=Stenlake Publishing|location=Catrine, Ayrshire|isbn=9781840336030|page=11|url=http://www.stenlake.co.uk/books/view_book.php?ref=714|access-date=1 October 2013|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025655/http://www.stenlake.co.uk/books/view_book.php?ref=714|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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The British Aluminium Company was merged in 1982 with the Canadian company [[Alcan]] to form British Alcan. In November 2007, British Alcan was acquired by [[Rio Tinto (corporation)|Rio Tinto]] and became [[ |
The British Aluminium Company was merged in 1982 with the Canadian company [[Alcan]] to form British Alcan. In November 2007, British Alcan was acquired by [[Rio Tinto (corporation)|Rio Tinto]] and became [[Rio Tinto Alcan]]. |
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In its early days the aluminium reduction plant employed some 700 people. Although producing some of the highest grade aluminium, its small size in comparison to modern US smelters led to its closure in |
In its early days the aluminium reduction plant employed some 700 people. Although producing some of the highest grade aluminium, its small size in comparison to modern US smelters led to its closure in June 2000.<ref name="visit-fortwilliam.co.uk"/> The associated hydro-electric plant was converted into a general purpose power station connected to the National Grid. |
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==Tourism== |
==Tourism== |
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Kinlochleven is the penultimate stop on the [[West Highland Way]]<ref>[http://www.walkinginscotland.org The West Highland Way] The last town before Fort William and finish</ref> and an important tourism destination in the [[Scottish Highlands]]. The village lies at the head of the fjord-like Loch Leven<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-17025288.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225083705/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-17025288.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-02-25|title=WILD WEEKEND CIRCLING THE MAJESTIC HILLS THAT SURROUND KINLOCHLEVEN CIRCLING THE MAJESTIC HILLS THAT SURROUND KINLOCHLEVEN |
Kinlochleven is the penultimate stop on the [[West Highland Way]]<ref>[http://www.walkinginscotland.org The West Highland Way] The last town before Fort William and finish</ref> and an important tourism destination in the [[Scottish Highlands]]. The village lies at the head of the fjord-like Loch Leven<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-17025288.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225083705/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-17025288.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-02-25|title=WILD WEEKEND CIRCLING THE MAJESTIC HILLS THAT SURROUND KINLOCHLEVEN CIRCLING THE MAJESTIC HILLS THAT SURROUND KINLOCHLEVEN LONELY LOCH EILDE MOR BY CAMERON McNEISH|work=highbeam.com}}</ref> and is surrounded on three sides by steep mountains. There are 10 Munro mountains (mountains over {{convert|3000|ft|m|1|abbr=off|disp=or}}) in the Mamores above Kinlochleven with Binnein Mor the highest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://munro-madness.com/region/the-mamores|title=The Mamores|work=munro-madness.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.walkhighlands.co.uk/fortwilliam/binneinmor.shtml|title=Binnein Mor and Na Gruagaichean, Mamores|work=Walkhighlands}}</ref> Indeed, the area around and above Kinlochleven contains more wild mountain land than all of the mountain national parks in England and Wales combined.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glencoescotland.com/p/v/mountain-biking/the-blackwater/ |title=Mountain Bike routes: The Blackwater Dam from Kinlochleven returning via the Ciaran Path |access-date=2012-08-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122075430/http://www.glencoescotland.com/p/v/mountain-biking/the-blackwater/ |archive-date=2012-01-22 }}</ref> There is a significant network of mountain biking and hiking trails,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.walkhighlands.co.uk/fortwilliam/glencoe.shtml|title=Glencoe and Kinlochleven|work=Walkhighlands}}</ref> and the Ice Factor National Ice Climbing Centre, one of the top five visitor attractions in the highlands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.business7.co.uk/features/incubator/2011/01/20/incubator-jamie-smith-106408-22863194/ |title=Business7 - Features - Incubator - INCUBATOR - JAMIE SMITH |access-date=2015-11-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130420002848/http://www.business7.co.uk/features/incubator/2011/01/20/incubator-jamie-smith-106408-22863194/ |archive-date=2013-04-20 }}</ref> |
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[[file:Kinlochleven Post Office - geograph.org.uk - 1703733.jpg|right|thumb|Post office]] |
[[file:Kinlochleven Post Office - geograph.org.uk - 1703733.jpg|right|thumb|Post office]] |
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The West Highland Way attracts over 85,000 walkers each year and plays a vital role in the Kinlochleven economy. An economic impact assessment of Mountaineering confirms the value to the highlands to be £163.7m each year,<ref>http://scottishaffairs.org/backiss/pdfs/sa31/SA31_Wightman%20_and_Higgins.pdf{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and because of this there has been continued support to expand the existing long-distance hiking and biking trails. This has seen new developments, such as the [[Great Glen Way]] and the Stevenson Way, which follows the route of Alan Breck Stewart and Jamie Balfour as they flee pursuing redcoats in the ''[[Kidnapped (novel)|Kidnapped]]'' novel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stevensonway.org.uk/|title=Home - The Stevenson Way|work=stevensonway.org.uk}}</ref> |
The West Highland Way attracts over 85,000 walkers each year and plays a vital role in the Kinlochleven economy. An economic impact assessment of Mountaineering confirms the value to the highlands to be £163.7m each year,<ref>http://scottishaffairs.org/backiss/pdfs/sa31/SA31_Wightman%20_and_Higgins.pdf{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and because of this there has been continued support to expand the existing long-distance hiking and biking trails. This has seen new developments, such as the [[Great Glen Way]] and the Stevenson Way, which follows the route of Alan Breck Stewart and Jamie Balfour as they flee pursuing redcoats in the ''[[Kidnapped (novel)|Kidnapped]]'' novel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stevensonway.org.uk/|title=Home - The Stevenson Way|work=stevensonway.org.uk}}</ref> |
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There are various accommodation options including hotels, guest houses, bed and breakfast, bunkhouses and campsites in the village,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ice-factor.co.uk/aboutus/accommodation.php |title= |
There are various accommodation options including hotels, guest houses, bed and breakfast, bunkhouses and campsites in the village,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ice-factor.co.uk/aboutus/accommodation.php |title=Accommodation - Campsites, Bunkhouses, B&B;, Hotels and Self Catering in the Kinlochleven area, Scotland, UK |access-date=2012-08-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111100214/http://www.ice-factor.co.uk/aboutus/accommodation.php |archive-date=2013-01-11 }}</ref> which also has a store,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.storelocate.co.uk/co-op-food/kinlochleven.html|title=Co Op Food in Kinlochleven|work=storelocate.co.uk}}</ref> banking and post office facilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postofficeopeninghours.co.uk/Kinlochleven_Kinlochleven-Post-Office.htm|title=Branch Finder|work=postofficeopeninghours.co.uk}}</ref> A visitor centre, "The Aluminium Story", tells the story of the creation of the village to serve the aluminium smelting facility. |
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There is a hostel, microlodge facility and campsite close to the river. It has eight microlodges comprising a mixture of two and four berth accommodation. There are toilets, showers and dishwashing facilities. The refurbished hostel building, located on Lab Road, was previously used as the research and testing facility for British Aluminium. |
There is a hostel, microlodge facility and campsite close to the river. It has eight microlodges comprising a mixture of two and four berth accommodation. There are toilets, showers and dishwashing facilities. The refurbished hostel building, located on Lab Road, was previously used as the research and testing facility for British Aluminium. |
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===Ice Factor: The National Ice Climbing Centre=== |
===Ice Factor: The National Ice Climbing Centre=== |
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A major mountain activity centre, the Ice Factor, opened to the public in 2003.<ref name="scottishclimbs.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.scottishclimbs.com/wiki/The_Ice_Factor,_Kinlochleven|title=The Ice Factor, Kinlochleven|work=scottishclimbs.com}}</ref> It was formally opened by |
A major mountain activity centre, the Ice Factor, opened to the public in 2003.<ref name="scottishclimbs.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.scottishclimbs.com/wiki/The_Ice_Factor,_Kinlochleven|title=The Ice Factor, Kinlochleven|work=scottishclimbs.com}}</ref> It was formally opened by Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip on 5 June 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://herald.vlex.co.uk/vid/queen-visits-kinlochleven-66044818|title=Queen Visits Kinlochleven|work=vLex|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505143726/http://herald.vlex.co.uk/vid/queen-visits-kinlochleven-66044818|archive-date=2013-05-05}}</ref> It includes the biggest indoor ice climbing wall in the world,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dsc.discovery.com/adventure/climb-a-66-foot-wall-of-ice-without-going-outside.html|title=Climb a 66 Foot Wall of Ice without Going Outside|work=DNews}}</ref> the UK's highest indoor articulated rock climbing wall and a competition bouldering wall voted the best in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ice-factor.co.uk/aboutus/experts.php |title=What the Experts have to say about the facilities and courses at the Ice Factor |access-date=2012-08-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111100506/http://www.ice-factor.co.uk/aboutus/experts.php |archive-date=2013-01-11 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outdoorsmagic.com/search/articles/mountaineering-council-of-scotland/author/dave-mycroft/1|title=Mountaineering council of scotland articles by dave mycroft - OutdoorsMagic|work=OutdoorsMagic}}</ref> |
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Ice Factor |
Ice Factor catered for climbers and adventure seekers of all ages and abilities, from beginner to expert.<ref name="scottishclimbs.com"/> In 2010 a new Giant Outdoor Aerial Adventure Course was added.<ref name="visitscotland.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.visitscotland.com/info/see-do/the-ice-factor-ltd-p263341|title=The Ice Factor Ltd|work=visitscotland.com}}</ref> Throughout the year Ice Factor also offers bespoke guided days on the local mountains of [[Glen Coe]] and [[Ben Nevis]]; each winter it ran specialist winter skills and mountaineering courses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mountainfestival.co.uk/workshops/ice-factor/ |title=Fort William Mountain Festival 2012 |access-date=2012-08-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730220702/http://www.mountainfestival.co.uk/workshops/ice-factor/ |archive-date=2012-07-30 }}</ref> The centre was also an important staging post on the West Highland Way, providing facilities for walkers, including a bar, sauna and steam room. It also had a mountaineers' cafe and a shop stocking gifts and mountaineering and camping equipment. Due to its contribution to the local economy it secured several awards, including Visit Scotland Thistle Awards for Tourism Excellence<ref name="visitscotland.com"/> and a Green Apple Award as Best Environmental Business Europe.<ref>http://srdsociety.wetpaint.com/page/Kinlochleven+-+November+2009{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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Ice Factor was the base for the [[Skyline Scotland]] races in 2016.<ref> |
Ice Factor was the base for the [[Skyline Scotland]] races in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ice-factor.co.uk/events/skylinescotland/|title=Skyline Scotland|date=3 August 2016|website=Ice Factor}}</ref> |
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Ice Factor closed in March 2023 following an unpaid rent dispute,<ref name="P&J2023">{{cite news |last1=Morrison |first1=Shannon |title=Ice Factor Kinlochleven closes after almost 20 years of business as search for new tenant begins |url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/highlands-islands/5470366/ice-factor-kinlochleven-jamie-smith-closed-shut-climbing/ |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=Press & Journal |date=11 March 2023}}</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-64938684 Ice Factor Kinlochleven closes in unpaid rent dispute], BBC News. Retrieved: 1 September 2023.</ref> but was reported to be set to reopen in September 2023.<ref name="Oban">{{cite news |title=Good news for Kinlochleven climbing centre |url=https://www.obantimes.co.uk/2023/08/30/good-news-for-kinlochleven-climbing-centre/ |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=Oban Times |date=30 August 2023}}</ref> |
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[[file:Atlas Brewery, Kinlochleven - geograph.org.uk - 728047.jpg|right|thumb|Atlas Brewery]] |
[[file:Atlas Brewery, Kinlochleven - geograph.org.uk - 728047.jpg|right|thumb|Atlas Brewery]] |
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A smaller part of the former coke bunker - for carbon production - for the aluminium reduction works, was transformed in 2002 into [[Atlas Brewery]] which, together with [[Orkney Brewery]], was taken over in 2006 to form Sinclair Brewery Ltd. Atlas was closed in July 2010 and its production transferred to Orkney. The micro-brewery was re-opened in 2011 by Harry Heskey (former head brewer for Atlas) and now provides River Leven Ales.<ref>[http://www.riverlevenales.co.uk/ River Leven Ales]. Accessed: 29 July 2019.</ref> |
A smaller part of the former coke bunker - for carbon production - for the aluminium reduction works, was transformed in 2002 into [[Atlas Brewery]] which, together with [[Orkney Brewery]], was taken over in 2006 to form Sinclair Brewery Ltd. Atlas was closed in July 2010 and its production transferred to Orkney. The micro-brewery was re-opened in 2011 by Harry Heskey (former head brewer for Atlas) and now provides River Leven Ales.<ref>[http://www.riverlevenales.co.uk/ River Leven Ales]. Accessed: 29 July 2019.</ref> |
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The Kinlochleven Community Trust, a partnership consisting of the local community, [[Rio Tinto Alcan|(Rio Tinto) Alcan]], Lochaber Enterprise, [[Highland Council]] and [[Scottish Natural Heritage]], supported by other agencies in Scotland and the European Union and chaired by Highland Councillor Drew McFarlane-Slack led the economic revival of the village. To date environmental improvements, new business pavilions, extensive path works and decontamination works have contributed to growth in the village and surrounding area. |
The Kinlochleven Community Trust, a partnership consisting of the local community, [[Rio Tinto Alcan|(Rio Tinto) Alcan]], Lochaber Enterprise, [[Highland Council]] and [[Scottish Natural Heritage]], supported by other agencies in Scotland and the European Union and chaired by Highland Councillor Drew McFarlane-Slack led the economic revival of the village. To date environmental improvements, new business pavilions, extensive path works and decontamination works have contributed to growth in the village and surrounding area. |
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The biggest recent development was a new campus, consisting of Kinlochleven High School, Primary School and Nursery which opened in August 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highland.gov.uk/learninghere/schools/schoollist/kinlochleven/ |title= |
The biggest recent development was a new campus, consisting of Kinlochleven High School, Primary School and Nursery which opened in August 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highland.gov.uk/learninghere/schools/schoollist/kinlochleven/ |title=Kinlochleven High School |access-date=2012-08-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917043007/http://www.highland.gov.uk/learninghere/schools/schoollist/kinlochleven/ |archive-date=2012-09-17 }}</ref> A local library is shared with the school. It has books, local information and computer internet access.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highland.gov.uk/leisureandtourism/libraries/yourlocallibrary/kinlochlevenlib.htm |title=Kinlochleven Library |access-date=2011-12-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127053843/http://www.highland.gov.uk/leisureandtourism/libraries/yourlocallibrary/kinlochlevenlib.htm |archive-date=2012-01-27 }}</ref> |
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== Infrastructure == |
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The B863 road runs round the head of Loch Leven through Kinlochleven, connecting to [[Glencoe, Highland|Glencoe]] to the south-west and [[Ballachulish|North Ballachulish]] to the north-west. There was no road along the south side of Loch Leven until c.1918.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miers |first=Mary |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/107303/kinlochleven |title=Western Seaboard: An Illustrated Architectural Guide |publisher=Rutland Press |year=2008 |access-date=2024-05-19 |via=Canmore}}</ref> |
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Kinlochleven was never connected to the railway network, however the station in nearby [[Ballachulish|South Ballachulish]] was renamed in 1908 as '''Ballachulish (Glencoe) for Kinlochleven'''.<ref>{{Butt-Stations |page=23 }}</ref> |
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A pier was constructed on the southern shore of Loch Leven for the construction of the hydroelectric scheme and aluminium smelter. A [[narrow-gauge railway]] approximately a mile long linked the pier and the smelter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Industrial Railways - Important Private Lines in Great Britain |url=https://www.railwaywondersoftheworld.com/industrial-railways.html |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=Railway Wonders of the World}}</ref> |
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==Wildlife== |
==Wildlife== |
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The Kinlochleven area is home to many protected species, including [[tawny owl]]s, [[barn owl]]s, [[European pine marten]]s, [[Pipistrellus|pipistrelle bat]]s and [[otter]]s. A hybrid wildcat was captured on film in 2018. [[ |
The Kinlochleven area is home to many protected species, including [[tawny owl]]s, [[Western barn owl|barn owl]]s, [[European pine marten]]s, [[Pipistrellus|pipistrelle bat]]s and [[European otter|otter]]s. A hybrid wildcat was captured on film in 2018. [[White-tailed eagle]]s are regularly seen, while stags regularly walk through the village.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} [[Golden eagle]]s have been seen in the mountains surrounding the village.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{ |
{{Reflist|2}} |
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{{Lochaber}} |
{{Lochaber}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Populated places in Lochaber]] |
[[Category:Populated places in Lochaber]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:06, 17 November 2024
Kinlochleven
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 Kinlochleven | |
  Kinlochleven Location within the Lochaber area | |
| Population | 760 (2022)[1] |
| OS grid reference | NN186618 |
| Council area | |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | KINLOCHLEVEN |
| Postcode district | PH50 |
| Dialling code | 01855 |
| Police | Scotland |
| Fire | Scottish |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
| UK Parliament | |
| Scottish Parliament | |
Kinlochleven (/ˌkɪnlɒxˈliːvən/) (Scottish Gaelic: Ceann Loch Lìobhann) is a coastal village located in Lochaber, in the Scottish Highlands and lies at the eastern end of Loch Leven. To the north lie the Mamores ridge; to the south lie the mountains flanking Glen Coe.
The village was formed from two previously separate small communities – Kinlochmore to the north of the River Leven in Inverness-shire and Kinlochbeg to the south of the Leven in Argyll – following the construction of an aluminium smelter and associated housing for its employees. The processing plant was powered by a hydroelectric scheme situated in the mountains above,[2] and made Kinlochleven the first village in the world to have every house connected to electricity, coining the phrase "The Electric Village".[3] In 1991, the village (according to annual census returns) had just over 1000 inhabitants in some 420 households. Today it is a notable tourist destination and centre for mountain pursuits.
Smelter
[edit]Work on the dam and water supply system began in 1905 and was completed in 1907. The hydro-electric scheme was constructed for the British Aluminium Company and was designed by engineer brothers Patrick and Charles Meik. The chief assistant resident engineer on the project was a young William Halcrow.[4] The scheme involved the construction of a gravity dam over 914 m long (the longest in the Highlands) and 27 m high, creating the Blackwater Reservoir. It was built at an elevation of over 305 m in rugged and almost inaccessible terrain, and involved the construction of some 6 km of concrete aqueduct and nearly 13 km of steel pipe. It has been described as the last major creation of the traditional 'navvy' whose activities in the construction of canals and railways left an indelible mark on the British countryside.
The construction of the Blackwater Dam and the associated aluminium smelter featured in the novel Children of the Dead End by Patrick MacGill who worked on the project as a navvie.[5] Some incidents in the book were based on actual characters and events on the Blackwater site; for example, one morning a worker drove his pick into a rock, inadvertently hitting a buried explosive charge which drove his pick into his neck and killed him. This incident was recorded as happening to an Inverness man in April 1908.[6]
The British Aluminium Company was merged in 1982 with the Canadian company Alcan to form British Alcan. In November 2007, British Alcan was acquired by Rio Tinto and became Rio Tinto Alcan.
In its early days the aluminium reduction plant employed some 700 people. Although producing some of the highest grade aluminium, its small size in comparison to modern US smelters led to its closure in June 2000.[3] The associated hydro-electric plant was converted into a general purpose power station connected to the National Grid.
Tourism
[edit]Kinlochleven is the penultimate stop on the West Highland Way[7] and an important tourism destination in the Scottish Highlands. The village lies at the head of the fjord-like Loch Leven[8] and is surrounded on three sides by steep mountains. There are 10 Munro mountains (mountains over 3,000 feet or 914.4 metres) in the Mamores above Kinlochleven with Binnein Mor the highest.[9][10] Indeed, the area around and above Kinlochleven contains more wild mountain land than all of the mountain national parks in England and Wales combined.[11] There is a significant network of mountain biking and hiking trails,[12] and the Ice Factor National Ice Climbing Centre, one of the top five visitor attractions in the highlands.[13]
The West Highland Way attracts over 85,000 walkers each year and plays a vital role in the Kinlochleven economy. An economic impact assessment of Mountaineering confirms the value to the highlands to be £163.7m each year,[14] and because of this there has been continued support to expand the existing long-distance hiking and biking trails. This has seen new developments, such as the Great Glen Way and the Stevenson Way, which follows the route of Alan Breck Stewart and Jamie Balfour as they flee pursuing redcoats in the Kidnapped novel.[15]
There are various accommodation options including hotels, guest houses, bed and breakfast, bunkhouses and campsites in the village,[16] which also has a store,[17] banking and post office facilities.[18] A visitor centre, "The Aluminium Story", tells the story of the creation of the village to serve the aluminium smelting facility.
There is a hostel, microlodge facility and campsite close to the river. It has eight microlodges comprising a mixture of two and four berth accommodation. There are toilets, showers and dishwashing facilities. The refurbished hostel building, located on Lab Road, was previously used as the research and testing facility for British Aluminium.
The Tailrace Inn opened in 1995 and provides accommodation, food and beverages for walkers, visitors and locals alike. It is located centrally in the village and is named after the fast flowing water outlet that enters the River Leven from the power house of the old aluminium factory. The Tailrace can be viewed from the bridge across the river.
Ice Factor: The National Ice Climbing Centre
[edit]A major mountain activity centre, the Ice Factor, opened to the public in 2003.[19] It was formally opened by Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip on 5 June 2005.[20] It includes the biggest indoor ice climbing wall in the world,[21] the UK's highest indoor articulated rock climbing wall and a competition bouldering wall voted the best in the UK.[22][23]
Ice Factor catered for climbers and adventure seekers of all ages and abilities, from beginner to expert.[19] In 2010 a new Giant Outdoor Aerial Adventure Course was added.[24] Throughout the year Ice Factor also offers bespoke guided days on the local mountains of Glen Coe and Ben Nevis; each winter it ran specialist winter skills and mountaineering courses.[25] The centre was also an important staging post on the West Highland Way, providing facilities for walkers, including a bar, sauna and steam room. It also had a mountaineers' cafe and a shop stocking gifts and mountaineering and camping equipment. Due to its contribution to the local economy it secured several awards, including Visit Scotland Thistle Awards for Tourism Excellence[24] and a Green Apple Award as Best Environmental Business Europe.[26]
Ice Factor was the base for the Skyline Scotland races in 2016.[27]
Ice Factor closed in March 2023 following an unpaid rent dispute,[28][29] but was reported to be set to reopen in September 2023.[30]
Micro-brewery
[edit]
A smaller part of the former coke bunker - for carbon production - for the aluminium reduction works, was transformed in 2002 into Atlas Brewery which, together with Orkney Brewery, was taken over in 2006 to form Sinclair Brewery Ltd. Atlas was closed in July 2010 and its production transferred to Orkney. The micro-brewery was re-opened in 2011 by Harry Heskey (former head brewer for Atlas) and now provides River Leven Ales.[31]
Recent regeneration
[edit]The Kinlochleven Community Trust, a partnership consisting of the local community, (Rio Tinto) Alcan, Lochaber Enterprise, Highland Council and Scottish Natural Heritage, supported by other agencies in Scotland and the European Union and chaired by Highland Councillor Drew McFarlane-Slack led the economic revival of the village. To date environmental improvements, new business pavilions, extensive path works and decontamination works have contributed to growth in the village and surrounding area.
The biggest recent development was a new campus, consisting of Kinlochleven High School, Primary School and Nursery which opened in August 2008.[32] A local library is shared with the school. It has books, local information and computer internet access.[33]
Infrastructure
[edit]The B863 road runs round the head of Loch Leven through Kinlochleven, connecting to Glencoe to the south-west and North Ballachulish to the north-west. There was no road along the south side of Loch Leven until c.1918.[34]
Kinlochleven was never connected to the railway network, however the station in nearby South Ballachulish was renamed in 1908 as Ballachulish (Glencoe) for Kinlochleven.[35]
A pier was constructed on the southern shore of Loch Leven for the construction of the hydroelectric scheme and aluminium smelter. A narrow-gauge railway approximately a mile long linked the pier and the smelter.[36]
Wildlife
[edit]The Kinlochleven area is home to many protected species, including tawny owls, barn owls, European pine martens, pipistrelle bats and otters. A hybrid wildcat was captured on film in 2018. White-tailed eagles are regularly seen, while stags regularly walk through the village.[citation needed] Golden eagles have been seen in the mountains surrounding the village.[citation needed]
External links
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland". National Records of Scotland. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
- ^ "History". kinlochleven.co.uk. Archived from the original on 19 December 2011.
- ^ a b "About Ben Nevis in Fort William Scotland". visit-fortwilliam.co.uk.
- ^ "Kinlochleven Community Trust, Argyll, Highlands of Scotland". kinlochleven.co.uk.
- ^ Patrick MacGill - Children of the Dead End (1914). Accessed: 28 July 2019.
- ^ Hutton, Guthrie (2012). Old Kinlochleven. Catrine, Ayrshire: Stenlake Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 9781840336030. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- ^ The West Highland Way The last town before Fort William and finish
- ^ "WILD WEEKEND CIRCLING THE MAJESTIC HILLS THAT SURROUND KINLOCHLEVEN CIRCLING THE MAJESTIC HILLS THAT SURROUND KINLOCHLEVEN LONELY LOCH EILDE MOR BY CAMERON McNEISH". highbeam.com. Archived from the original on 25 February 2016.
- ^ "The Mamores". munro-madness.com.
- ^ "Binnein Mor and Na Gruagaichean, Mamores". Walkhighlands.
- ^ "Mountain Bike routes: The Blackwater Dam from Kinlochleven returning via the Ciaran Path". Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ "Glencoe and Kinlochleven". Walkhighlands.
- ^ "Business7 - Features - Incubator - INCUBATOR - JAMIE SMITH". Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ http://scottishaffairs.org/backiss/pdfs/sa31/SA31_Wightman%20_and_Higgins.pdf[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Home - The Stevenson Way". stevensonway.org.uk.
- ^ "Accommodation - Campsites, Bunkhouses, B&B;, Hotels and Self Catering in the Kinlochleven area, Scotland, UK". Archived from the original on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ "Co Op Food in Kinlochleven". storelocate.co.uk.
- ^ "Branch Finder". postofficeopeninghours.co.uk.
- ^ a b "The Ice Factor, Kinlochleven". scottishclimbs.com.
- ^ "Queen Visits Kinlochleven". vLex. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013.
- ^ "Climb a 66 Foot Wall of Ice without Going Outside". DNews.
- ^ "What the Experts have to say about the facilities and courses at the Ice Factor". Archived from the original on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ "Mountaineering council of scotland articles by dave mycroft - OutdoorsMagic". OutdoorsMagic.
- ^ a b "The Ice Factor Ltd". visitscotland.com.
- ^ "Fort William Mountain Festival 2012". Archived from the original on 30 July 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ http://srdsociety.wetpaint.com/page/Kinlochleven+-+November+2009[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Skyline Scotland". Ice Factor. 3 August 2016.
- ^ Morrison, Shannon (11 March 2023). "Ice Factor Kinlochleven closes after almost 20 years of business as search for new tenant begins". Press & Journal. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
- ^ Ice Factor Kinlochleven closes in unpaid rent dispute, BBC News. Retrieved: 1 September 2023.
- ^ "Good news for Kinlochleven climbing centre". Oban Times. 30 August 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
- ^ River Leven Ales. Accessed: 29 July 2019.
- ^ "Kinlochleven High School". Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ "Kinlochleven Library". Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
- ^ Miers, Mary (2008). Western Seaboard: An Illustrated Architectural Guide. Rutland Press. Retrieved 19 May 2024 – via Canmore.
- ^ Butt, R. V. J. (October 1995). The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7. OCLC 60251199. OL 11956311M.
- ^ "Industrial Railways - Important Private Lines in Great Britain". Railway Wonders of the World. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
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