Lettuce sandwich: Difference between revisions

Lettuce sandwich
Type	Sandwich or wrap
Main ingredients	Lettuce, bread or filling

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A lettuce sandwich is a wrap with lettuce substituted for the bread,^[1] or a sandwich with a filling consisting primarily of lettuce. It should not be confused with other sandwiches that use lettuce as one of many ingredients, such as the BLT sandwich or the tomato and lettuce sandwich. The lettuce sandwich has a long history in both the United States and the United Kingdom. It has been used as a metaphor to represent things like mundanity, weakness and poverty. In more recent times, the lettuce sandwich, including lettuce hamburgers have symbolized diets including the keto diet.^[2]

History

The lettuce sandwich was mentioned in print as early as 1894 in The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine.^[2] The lettuce sandwich (bread with a lettuce filling) was a common food in the United States and England during the first half of the 20th century. The “Veggie Delight” sandwich from Subway restaurants is an example of a fast food version of the Lettuce Sandwich. ^[3] Lettuce sandwiches have been served at fine luncheons,^[4] The lettuce sandwich (bread with lettuce filling) is also an old-fashioned English food.^[5] Lettuce sandwiches are still eaten in the US and elsewhere.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Preparation

Bread and lettuce

When making a bread and lettuce sandwich, the bread is sometimes buttered^[5] or spread with mayonnaise, and then lettuce is placed between the two slices of bread.

Breadless lettuce sandwich

To prepare a breadless lettuce sandwich, roll any filling inside a large leaf of lettuce or place it between two leaves of lettuce. The west-coast hamburger chain In-N-Out offers a lettuce sandwich variation called "the Protein" or "Protein Style" on their hidden menu. It is a hamburger patty wrapped in lettuce instead of the traditional bun.^[9]

Metaphors

The lettuce sandwich has also become a cultural metaphor to represent something unattractive, unappealing, weak, or mundane.^[10] In this sense, the term "limp (or soggy) lettuce sandwich" is often used.^[11] Being on a "lettuce sandwich diet" refers to getting by on the bare minimum with absolutely nothing more than the necessities of life. The lettuce sandwich is sometimes indicative of poverty or hardship,^[12] and also represents a lack of sufficient nourishment.^[13] The lettuce sandwich is considered a humble,^[14] tasteless food. It can be used to represent disappointment as in "life need not be a lettuce sandwich over the sink".^[15]

Health benefits

A lettuce sandwich has been claimed to be a sleep-inducing remedy for insomnia.^[16] Lettuce sandwiches (no bread) are also eaten to promote weight loss. Lettuce sandwiches (bread filled with lettuce) can also be a good food choice for the health-conscious. The lettuce sandwich (bread filled with lettuce)—which contains no meat—is mentioned in a book about vegetarian diets.^[17]

Health risks

There has been a death attributed to eating lettuce sandwiches contaminated with the E. coli bacteria.^[7]

References

^ Keeler, Janet K. (October 22, 2003). "The hip, hot wrap". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
^ ^a ^b "An Errant Wooing". The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine. 1895. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
^ Boyle, Hal (Jun 15, 1948). "Lord Drafts a Good Chef". The Evening Independent. Retrieved 2009-01-25.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Pyatt, Edith Lincoln (Dec 24, 1912). "Mrs. Ennis Entertains". The Evening Independent. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
^ ^a ^b Slater, Nigel (10 June 2001). "This month". The Observer. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
^ Schaaf, Miv (Nov 3, 1985). "Food for Thought Whatever Happened to the Plain Bread-and-Butter Sandwich?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 4, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
^ ^a ^b "E.coli fears after death". BBC News. 21 June 2001. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
^ "Business Profile: If at Furse you don't succeed". The Telegraph. 10 Nov 2001. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
^ Pomfret, John (January 30, 2006). "In Calif., Internal Lawsuits Served Up at Burger Chain". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
^ Ghosh, Padmaparna (Dec 12, 2007). "Reporters's Notebook: Protest props beat 'Bali fatigue'". Live Mint Lounge: The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
^ "Rename Mermaid Quay - Tiger Bay is better". WalesOnline.co.uk. 24 July 2006. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
^ Richler, Mordecai (1996). Jacob Two-Two's First Spy Case. Toronto, ON: Penguin Books Canada. ISBN 0-14-034609-0. Archived from the original on 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
^ "Foodless and Pointless Restaurants Close Shop". St. Petersburg Times. Jun 26, 1945. Retrieved 2009-01-24.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Fahey, Anna (June 13, 2001). "Portrait of the artist". Seattle Weekly. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
^ Miller, Betty Jean (Mar 29, 1985). "Book Offers an Escape into the Past". The Evening Independent. Retrieved 2009-01-24.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Nevin, Charles (3 January 1999). "Captain Moonlight". The Independent. Archived from the original on August 4, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
^ Whitehead, Daniel (May 26, 2006). "Kicking the meat habit". Retrieved 2009-01-24.

[hip_hot_wrap-1] Keeler, Janet K. (October 22, 2003). "The hip, hot wrap". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2009-01-25.

[Century_Illustrated_Monthly_Mag-2] "An Errant Wooing". The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine. 1895. Retrieved 2009-01-24.

[lettuce_sandwich_obsession-3] Boyle, Hal (Jun 15, 1948). "Lord Drafts a Good Chef". The Evening Independent. Retrieved 2009-01-25.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[Mrs._Ennis_Entertains-4] Pyatt, Edith Lincoln (Dec 24, 1912). "Mrs. Ennis Entertains". The Evening Independent. Retrieved 2009-01-24.

[old_english_lettuce_sandwich-5] Slater, Nigel (10 June 2001). "This month". The Observer. Retrieved 2009-01-24.

[Food_for_Thought_Los_Angeles_Times-6] Schaaf, Miv (Nov 3, 1985). "Food for Thought Whatever Happened to the Plain Bread-and-Butter Sandwich?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 4, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-24.

[ecoli-scotland-7] "E.coli fears after death". BBC News. 21 June 2001. Retrieved 2009-01-25.

[telegraph_lettuce_sandwich-8] "Business Profile: If at Furse you don't succeed". The Telegraph. 10 Nov 2001. Retrieved 2009-01-25.

[In-N-Out-9] Pomfret, John (January 30, 2006). "In Calif., Internal Lawsuits Served Up at Burger Chain". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-01-25.

[Padmaparna-10] Ghosh, Padmaparna (Dec 12, 2007). "Reporters's Notebook: Protest props beat 'Bali fatigue'". Live Mint Lounge: The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2009-01-24.

[limplettucesandwich-11] "Rename Mermaid Quay - Tiger Bay is better". WalesOnline.co.uk. 24 July 2006. Retrieved 2009-01-24.

[Jacob_First_Spy_Case-12] Richler, Mordecai (1996). Jacob Two-Two's First Spy Case. Toronto, ON: Penguin Books Canada. ISBN 0-14-034609-0. Archived from the original on 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2009-01-24.

[Foodless_and_Pointless_Restaurants_Close_Shop-13] "Foodless and Pointless Restaurants Close Shop". St. Petersburg Times. Jun 26, 1945. Retrieved 2009-01-24.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[Morris_Graves-14] Fahey, Anna (June 13, 2001). "Portrait of the artist". Seattle Weekly. Retrieved 2009-01-24.

[Escape_into_the_Past-15] Miller, Betty Jean (Mar 29, 1985). "Book Offers an Escape into the Past". The Evening Independent. Retrieved 2009-01-24.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[Captain_Moonlight-16] Nevin, Charles (3 January 1999). "Captain Moonlight". The Independent. Archived from the original on August 4, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-24.

[meat-habit-17] Whitehead, Daniel (May 26, 2006). "Kicking the meat habit". Retrieved 2009-01-24.

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@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 | date = October 22, 2003
 | url = http://www.sptimes.com/2003/10/22/Taste/The_hip__hot_wrap.shtml
-| accessdate = 2009-01-25}}</ref> or a sandwich with a filling consisting primarily of lettuce.
+| access-date = 2009-01-25}}</ref> or a sandwich with a filling consisting primarily of lettuce.
-It should not be confused with other sandwiches that use lettuce as one of many ingredients, such as the [[BLT]] sandwich or the tomato and lettuce sandwich. The lettuce sandwich has a long history in both the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. It has been used as a metaphor to represent things like mundanity, weakness and poverty.<ref name="Century Illustrated Monthly Mag">{{cite web
+It should not be confused with other sandwiches that use lettuce as one of many ingredients, such as the [[BLT]] sandwich or the tomato and lettuce sandwich. The lettuce sandwich has a long history in both the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. It has been used as a metaphor to represent things like mundanity, weakness and poverty. In more recent times, the lettuce sandwich, including lettuce [[hamburger]]s have symbolized diets including the [[Low-carbohydrate diet#Ketogenic_diet|keto diet]].<ref name="Century Illustrated Monthly Mag">{{cite web
 | title = An Errant Wooing
 | publisher = The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine
 | year = 1895
 | url = http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/pageviewer?frames=1&coll=moa&view=50&root=%2Fmoa%2Fcent%2Fcent0049%2F&tif=00378.TIF
-| accessdate = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
+| access-date = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
 [[File:Shanghai lettuce wraps from Auburn Alehouse.JPG|thumb|Shanghai-style lettuce wraps with sauces at [[Auburn Alehouse]]]]
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 ==History==
 The lettuce sandwich was mentioned in print as early as 1894 in ''The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine''.<ref name="Century Illustrated Monthly Mag" />
-The lettuce sandwich (bread with a lettuce filling) was a common food in the [[United States]] and [[England]] during the first half of the 20th century.<ref name="lettuce sandwich obsession">{{cite web
+The lettuce sandwich (bread with a lettuce filling) was a common food in the [[United States]] and [[England]] during the first half of the 20th century. The “Veggie Delight” sandwich from Subway restaurants is an example of a fast food version of the Lettuce Sandwich. <ref name="lettuce sandwich obsession">{{cite web
 | last = Boyle
 | first = Hal
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 | publisher = The Evening Independent
 | date = Jun 15, 1948
-| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FMALAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kFUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5946,2285213&dq=lettuce-sandwich
+| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FMALAAAAIBAJ&pg=5946,2285213&dq=lettuce-sandwich
+| access-date = 2009-01-25
-| accessdate = 2009-01-25}}</ref> Lettuce sandwiches have been served at fine [[luncheon]]s,<ref name="Mrs. Ennis Entertains">{{cite web
+}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lettuce sandwiches have been served at fine [[luncheon]]s,<ref name="Mrs. Ennis Entertains">{{cite web
 | last = Pyatt
 | first = Edith Lincoln
@@ Line 47: / Line 48: @@
 | publisher = The Evening Independent
 | date = Dec 24, 1912
-| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5IwLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BVQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4799,1157112&dq=lettuce-sandwich
+| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5IwLAAAAIBAJ&pg=4799,1157112&dq=lettuce-sandwich
-| accessdate = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
+| access-date = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
 The lettuce sandwich (bread with lettuce filling) is also an old-fashioned [[English cuisine|English food]].<ref name="old english lettuce sandwich">{{cite web
 | last = Slater
@@ Line 56: / Line 57: @@
 | date = 10 June 2001
 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2001/jun/10/foodanddrink.recipes2
-| accessdate = 2009-01-24}}</ref> Lettuce sandwiches are still eaten in the US and elsewhere.<ref name="Food for Thought Los Angeles Times">{{cite web
+| access-date = 2009-01-24}}</ref> Lettuce sandwiches are still eaten in the US and elsewhere.<ref name="Food for Thought Los Angeles Times">{{cite web
 | last = Schaaf
 | first = Miv
 | title = Food for Thought Whatever Happened to the Plain Bread-and-Butter Sandwich?
-| publisher = Los Angeles Times
+| work = Los Angeles Times
 | date = Nov 3, 1985
 | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/64567150.html?dids=64567150:64567150&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Nov+03%2C+1985&author=MIV+SCHAAF&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Food+for+Thought+Whatever+Happened+to+the+Plain+Bread-and-Butter+Sandwich%3F&pqatl=google
+| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090804081709/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/64567150.html?dids=64567150:64567150&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Nov+03%2C+1985&author=MIV+SCHAAF&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Food+for+Thought+Whatever+Happened+to+the+Plain+Bread-and-Butter+Sandwich%3F&pqatl=google
-| accessdate = 2009-01-24}}</ref><ref name="ecoli-scotland">{{cite web
+| url-status = dead
+| archive-date = August 4, 2009
+| access-date = 2009-01-24}}</ref><ref name="ecoli-scotland">{{cite web
 | title = E.coli fears after death
 | publisher = BBC News
 | date = 21 June 2001
 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/1400277.stm
-| accessdate = 2009-01-25}}</ref><ref name="telegraph lettuce sandwich">{{cite web
+| access-date = 2009-01-25}}</ref><ref name="telegraph lettuce sandwich">{{cite web
 | title = Business Profile: If at Furse you don't succeed
 | publisher = The Telegraph
 | date = 10 Nov 2001
-| url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2741198/Business-Profile-If-at-Furse-you-dont-succeed.html
+| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2741198/Business-Profile-If-at-Furse-you-dont-succeed.html
-| accessdate = 2009-01-25}}</ref>
+| access-date = 2009-01-25}}</ref>
 ==Preparation==
@@ Line 81: / Line 85: @@
 ===Breadless lettuce sandwich===
 To prepare a breadless lettuce sandwich, roll any filling inside a large leaf of lettuce or place it between two leaves of lettuce.
-The west-coast [[hamburger]] chain [[In-N-Out Burger|In-N-Out]] offers a lettuce sandwich variation called "the Protein" or "Protein Style" on their [[In-N-Out Burger products|hidden menu]].  It is a hamburger patty wrapped in lettuce instead of the traditional bun.<ref name="In-N-Out">{{cite web
+The west-coast [[hamburger]] chain [[In-N-Out Burger|In-N-Out]] offers a lettuce sandwich variation called "the Protein" or "Protein Style" on their [[In-N-Out Burger products|hidden menu]].  It is a hamburger patty wrapped in lettuce instead of the traditional bun.<ref name="In-N-Out">{{cite news
 | last = Pomfret
 | first = John
 | title = In Calif., Internal Lawsuits Served Up at Burger Chain
-| publisher = The Washington Post
+| newspaper = The Washington Post
 | date = January 30, 2006
 | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/29/AR2006012901026_pf.html
-| accessdate = 2009-01-25}}</ref>
+| access-date = 2009-01-25}}</ref>
 ==Metaphors==
@@ Line 94: / Line 98: @@
 | last = Ghosh
 | first = Padmaparna
-| title = Reporters’s Notebook: Protest props beat ‘Bali fatigue’
+| title = Reporters's Notebook: Protest props beat 'Bali fatigue'
 | publisher = Live Mint Lounge: The Wall Street Journal
 | date = Dec 12, 2007
 | url = http://www.livemint.com/2007/12/12225156/Reporters8217s-Notebook-Pr.html
-| accessdate = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
+| access-date = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
 In this sense, the term "limp (or soggy) lettuce sandwich" is often used.<ref name="limplettucesandwich">{{cite web
 | title = Rename Mermaid Quay - Tiger Bay is better
@@ Line 104: / Line 108: @@
 | date = 24 July 2006
 | url = http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/letters-to-the-editor/south-wales-echo-letters/2006/07/24/monday-24-july-2006-91466-17438023/
-| accessdate = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
+| access-date = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
 Being on a "lettuce sandwich diet" refers to getting by on the bare minimum with absolutely nothing more than the necessities of life.
 The lettuce sandwich is sometimes indicative of [[poverty]] or hardship,<ref name="Jacob First Spy Case">{{cite book
@@ Line 114: / Line 118: @@
 | location = Toronto, ON
 | url = http://umanitoba.ca/cm/vol3/no13/jacob22.html
+| isbn = 0-14-034609-0
-| isbn = 0-14-034609-0}}</ref> and also represents lack of sufficient nourishment.<ref name="Foodless and Pointless Restaurants Close Shop">{{cite web
+| access-date = 2009-01-24
+| archive-date = 2008-06-17
+| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080617205812/http://www.umanitoba.ca/cm/vol3/no13/jacob22.html
+| url-status = dead
+}}</ref> and also represents a lack of sufficient nourishment.<ref name="Foodless and Pointless Restaurants Close Shop">{{cite web
 | title = Foodless and Pointless Restaurants Close Shop
 | publisher = St. Petersburg Times
 | date = Jun 26, 1945
-| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dNUKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wE4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4353,1074874&dq=lettuce-sandwich
+| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dNUKAAAAIBAJ&pg=4353,1074874&dq=lettuce-sandwich
+| access-date = 2009-01-24
-| accessdate = 2009-01-24}}</ref>  The lettuce sandwich is considered a humble,<ref name="Morris Graves">{{cite web
+}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>  The lettuce sandwich is considered a humble,<ref name="Morris Graves">{{cite web
 | last = Fahey
 | first = Anna
@@ Line 126: / Line 136: @@
 | date = June 13, 2001
 | url = http://www.seattleweekly.com/2001-06-13/arts/portrait-of-the-artist/
-| accessdate = 2009-01-24}}</ref> tasteless food.  It can be used to represent disappointment as in "life need not be a lettuce sandwich over the sink".<ref name="Escape into the Past">{{cite web
+| access-date = 2009-01-24}}</ref> tasteless food.  It can be used to represent disappointment as in "life need not be a lettuce sandwich over the sink".<ref name="Escape into the Past">{{cite web
 | last = Miller
 | first = Betty Jean
@@ Line 132: / Line 142: @@
 | publisher = The Evening Independent
 | date = Mar 29, 1985
-| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aOkLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=71kDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7069,3206153&dq=lettuce-sandwich
+| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aOkLAAAAIBAJ&pg=7069,3206153&dq=lettuce-sandwich
-| accessdate = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
+| access-date = 2009-01-24
+}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 ==Health benefits==
@@ Line 140: / Line 151: @@
 | first = Charles
 | title = Captain Moonlight
-| publisher = The Independent
+| work = The Independent
 | date = 3 January 1999
 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/captain-moonlight-1044783.html
+| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090804111423/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/captain-moonlight-1044783.html
-| accessdate = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
+| url-status = dead
+| archive-date = August 4, 2009
+| access-date = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
 Lettuce sandwiches (no bread) are also eaten to promote [[weight loss]].
 Lettuce sandwiches (bread filled with lettuce) can also be a good food choice for the health-conscious.
@@ Line 152: / Line 166: @@
 | date = May 26, 2006
 | url = http://www.nouse.co.uk/2006/05/26/kicking-the-meat-habit/
-| accessdate = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
+| access-date = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
 ==Health risks==
 There has been a death attributed to eating lettuce sandwiches contaminated with the ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'' bacteria.<ref name="ecoli-scotland"/>
-==In media==
-A reference to a lettuce sandwich was made in the ''I Solemnly Swear'' episode of the ''[[Gilmore Girls]]'' TV series.<ref name="Gilmore Girls">{{cite web
-| title = Gilmore Girls: I Solemnly Swear
-| url = http://www.tv.com/gilmore-girls/i-solemnly-swear/episode/212318/summary.html
-| accessdate = 2009-01-24}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 167: / Line 175: @@
 * [[Lettuce soup]]
 * [[List of sandwiches]]
+* [[Toast sandwich]]
-* [[Tea sandwich|Watercress Sandwich]]<ref>http://www.williams-sonoma.com/recipe/cucumber-watercress-tea-sandwiches.html</ref><ref>https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/2468-watercress-sandwiches</ref><ref>http://www.marthastewart.com/275524/watercress-recipes</ref><ref>http://www.saveur.com/article/Travels/Standing-on-Ceremony-Tea-Sandwiches</ref><ref>https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/collection/watercress</ref>
+* [[Tea sandwich|Watercress sandwich]]
 ==References==