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{{Short description|English botanist and university teacher}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
'''Francis Wall Oliver''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Salisbury | first1 = E. J. | authorlink = Edward James Salisbury| title = Francis Wall Oliver. 1864-1951 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1952.0015 | journal = [[Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 8 | issue = 21 |page=229 | year = 1952 | jstor = 768810| pmid = | pmc = }}</ref> (10 May 1864 – 14 September 1951) was an English botanist.
'''Francis Wall Oliver''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Salisbury | first1 = E. J. | author-link = Edward James Salisbury| title = Francis Wall Oliver. 1864–1951 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1952.0015 | journal = [[Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 8 | issue = 21 | year = 1952 | pages = 229–240 | jstor = 768810| s2cid = 162130343 | doi-access = free }}</ref> (10 May 1864 – 14 September 1951) was an English botanist whose interests evolved from plant anatomy to palaeobotany to ecology.


Oliver was from a Quaker (Society of Friends) family and was educated first at the Friends School, Kendal, then at [[Bootham School]], York, and finally at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], where he took a first-class degree in natural sciences.<sup>[1]</sup>
He was educated at [[Bootham School]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Bootham Old Scholars Association |title=Bootham School Register|place=York, England|publisher=BOSA|year=2011|ref=harv}}</ref><ref>[http://www.oup.com/view/article/35304 ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'']</ref> York.


His father, Daniel, was Professor of Botany at University College, London (UCL), and Keeper of the Herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens (RBG), Kew, Surrey.  Thus, from boyhood, Francis was familiar with the leading botanists of the age.  His father was the confidante of the Sir [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]], Director of the RBG, and was a valued correspondent of [[Charles Darwin]], advising Darwin on a number of botanical questions.
He was [[Quain Professor]] of Botany at [[University College London]] 1890–1925 where he supervised the PhD of [[Margaret Jane Benson]], and then Professor of Botany at the [[University of Cairo]] 1929–1935. He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1905.<ref name="frs"/><ref>{{cite magazine|title=OLIVER, Francis W.|magazine=Who's Who|year=1907|volume= 59|page=1330|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1330}}</ref> He was awarded the [[Linnean Medal]] in 1925.


Francis (aka ‘Frank’) Oliver succeeded his father at UCL, first as Quain Lecturer, 1888, and then as Quain Professor of Botany in 1890.<ref>An Outline of the History of the Botanical Department of University College London. June 1927. The Westminster Press. Privately circulated. Available online: https://archive.org.</ref> His career was notable for its encouragement of female botanists, such as [[Margaret Jane Benson]], [[Ethel Thomas]], and [[Marie Stopes]].  He regularly led field courses, at Blakeney on the north Norfolk coast (where a field laboratory is named after him) and at the Bouche d’Erquy, in Brittany; courses were open to both men and women, a mixing of the sexes that was rare at the time.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ayres |first=Peter |title=Shaping Ecology. The Life of Arthur Tansley. |date=2012 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-470-67156-6 |edition=1st |location=Chichester |publication-date=2012 |pages=65-68 |language=en}}</ref>
He edited a book titled ''Makers of British Botany'' which contained biographies of British botanists [[Robert Morison]], [[John Ray]], [[Nehemiah Grew]], [[Stephen Hales]], [[John Hill (botanist)|John Hill]], [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|Robert Brown]], [[William Hooker (botanical illustrator)|William Hooker]], [[John Stevens Henslow]], [[John Lindley]], [[William Griffith (botanist)|William Griffith]], [[Arthur Henfrey]], [[William Henry Harvey]], [[Miles Joseph Berkeley]], [[Joseph Henry Gilbert]], [[William Crawford Williamson]], [[Harry Marshall Ward]] and [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]].

It was during summer vacations taken in Brittany that [[Daniel Oliver (botanist)|Daniel Oliver]] was able to indulge his passion for painting. He was a talented and knowledgeable artist, a friend of [[John Ruskin]] who would visit the Olivers’ home in Kew, and well connected to leading members of the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood.<ref>Oliver, Stephen. 2016. Professor Daniel Oliver. Botanist, Artist and Quaker. Privately circulated. [[Special:BookSources/9781366216724|ISBN 978-1-36-621672-4]]</ref>

Francis Oliver, like his father, was a collector of art, and artists.  After his marriage in 1896 to Mildred Alice Thompson (a fellow mountaineering enthusiast), he and his bride settled in The Vale, Chelsea, at the heart of London's artistic community.  [[William De Morgan]], the potter, was an immediate neighbour and good friend.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ayres |first=Peter |title=Women and the Natural Sciences in Edwardian Britain. In Search of Fellowship. |date=2020 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-46599-5 |edition=1st |location=London |publication-date=2020 |pages=150-155 |language=en}}</ref>

Among Francis Oliver's publications are two books that display his wide interests in botany and the advance of his subject. ''Makers of British Botany'', edited by Oliver,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Oliver |first=Francis |title=Makers of British Botany |date=1913 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1913}}</ref> explored the work of botanists from [[Robert Morison]] and [[John Ray]], of the 17th century, to [[Harry Marshall Ward]] and Joseph Hooker of the late 19th century.  In the ''Exploitation of Plants'',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Oliver |first=Francis |title=The Exploitation of Plants |date=1917 |publisher=J M Dent |year=1917 |location=London}}</ref> he examined the relevance of his subject to everyday life, including chapters by invited authors such as Ethel Thomas and Marie Stopes and writing some chapters himself.

In 1930, Oliver retired from UCL, taking part-time Chairs of Botany in Cairo and in Alexandria.  Living at Burg el Arab on the Western edge of the Libyan desert, he completed some of the first ecological studies of the desert, compiling maps that may have been useful to the opposing armies in WWII. Although, war permitting, he returned to Britain to escape the Egyptian summers, he only settled permanently in Britain in 1950.  He died suddenly at Limpsfield Common, Surrey, in 1951.

Francis Oliver was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1905. He was awarded the [[Linnean Medal]] in 1925.<sup>[1]</sup>


{{Botanist|F.Oliv.|Oliver, Francis}}
{{Botanist|F.Oliv.|Oliver, Francis}}
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[[Category:English botanists]]
[[Category:English botanists]]
[[Category:Academics of University College London]]
[[Category:Academics of University College London]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1951 deaths]]
[[Category:1951 deaths]]
[[Category:Cairo University faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Cairo University]]




Latest revision as of 19:19, 17 November 2024

Francis Wall Oliver FRS[1] (10 May 1864 – 14 September 1951) was an English botanist whose interests evolved from plant anatomy to palaeobotany to ecology.

Oliver was from a Quaker (Society of Friends) family and was educated first at the Friends School, Kendal, then at Bootham School, York, and finally at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took a first-class degree in natural sciences.[1]

His father, Daniel, was Professor of Botany at University College, London (UCL), and Keeper of the Herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens (RBG), Kew, Surrey.  Thus, from boyhood, Francis was familiar with the leading botanists of the age.  His father was the confidante of the Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, Director of the RBG, and was a valued correspondent of Charles Darwin, advising Darwin on a number of botanical questions.

Francis (aka ‘Frank’) Oliver succeeded his father at UCL, first as Quain Lecturer, 1888, and then as Quain Professor of Botany in 1890.[2] His career was notable for its encouragement of female botanists, such as Margaret Jane Benson, Ethel Thomas, and Marie Stopes.  He regularly led field courses, at Blakeney on the north Norfolk coast (where a field laboratory is named after him) and at the Bouche d’Erquy, in Brittany; courses were open to both men and women, a mixing of the sexes that was rare at the time.[3]

It was during summer vacations taken in Brittany that Daniel Oliver was able to indulge his passion for painting. He was a talented and knowledgeable artist, a friend of John Ruskin who would visit the Olivers’ home in Kew, and well connected to leading members of the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood.[4]

Francis Oliver, like his father, was a collector of art, and artists.  After his marriage in 1896 to Mildred Alice Thompson (a fellow mountaineering enthusiast), he and his bride settled in The Vale, Chelsea, at the heart of London's artistic community.  William De Morgan, the potter, was an immediate neighbour and good friend.[5]

Among Francis Oliver's publications are two books that display his wide interests in botany and the advance of his subject. Makers of British Botany, edited by Oliver,[6] explored the work of botanists from Robert Morison and John Ray, of the 17th century, to Harry Marshall Ward and Joseph Hooker of the late 19th century.  In the Exploitation of Plants,[7] he examined the relevance of his subject to everyday life, including chapters by invited authors such as Ethel Thomas and Marie Stopes and writing some chapters himself.

In 1930, Oliver retired from UCL, taking part-time Chairs of Botany in Cairo and in Alexandria.  Living at Burg el Arab on the Western edge of the Libyan desert, he completed some of the first ecological studies of the desert, compiling maps that may have been useful to the opposing armies in WWII. Although, war permitting, he returned to Britain to escape the Egyptian summers, he only settled permanently in Britain in 1950.  He died suddenly at Limpsfield Common, Surrey, in 1951.

Francis Oliver was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1905. He was awarded the Linnean Medal in 1925.[1]

The standard author abbreviation F.Oliv. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Salisbury, E. J. (1952). "Francis Wall Oliver. 1864–1951". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 8 (21): 229–240. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1952.0015. JSTOR 768810. S2CID 162130343.
  2. ^ An Outline of the History of the Botanical Department of University College London. June 1927. The Westminster Press. Privately circulated. Available online: https://archive.org.
  3. ^ Ayres, Peter (2012). Shaping Ecology. The Life of Arthur Tansley (1st ed.). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 65–68. ISBN 978-0-470-67156-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. ^ Oliver, Stephen. 2016. Professor Daniel Oliver. Botanist, Artist and Quaker. Privately circulated. ISBN 978-1-36-621672-4
  5. ^ Ayres, Peter (2020). Women and the Natural Sciences in Edwardian Britain. In Search of Fellowship (1st ed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 150–155. ISBN 978-3-030-46599-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  6. ^ Oliver, Francis (1913). Makers of British Botany. Cambridge University Press.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  7. ^ Oliver, Francis (1917). The Exploitation of Plants. London: J M Dent.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  8. ^ International Plant Names Index.  F.Oliv.
[edit]


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